{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":15.119,"endTime":15.838,"body":"This is the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":15.838,"endTime":17.215,"body":"ChewintheCud Podcast —"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":17.215,"endTime":18.891,"body":"conversations for the dairy"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":18.891,"endTime":20.807,"body":"industry, produced in the South"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":20.807,"endTime":22.723,"body":"West of England and listened to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":22.723,"endTime":23.801,"body":"around the world."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":35.439,"endTime":36.646,"body":"Hello, and welcome"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":36.646,"endTime":38.742,"body":"to ChewintheCud Podcast. My name"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":38.742,"endTime":40.711,"body":"is Andrew Jones and with me as"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":40.711,"endTime":42.616,"body":"always is Sarah Bolt. How you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":42.616,"endTime":43.506,"body":"doing, Sarah?"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":43.506,"endTime":44.84,"body":"I'm very well, thank"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":44.84,"endTime":46.491,"body":"you. Andrew. How are you?"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":46.491,"endTime":47.634,"body":"Yeah, I'm not too"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":47.634,"endTime":49.476,"body":"bad now. Sarah and I said we"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":49.476,"endTime":51.509,"body":"weren't going to talk about the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":51.509,"endTime":53.478,"body":"weather, but I am going to say"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":53.478,"endTime":55.447,"body":"is, let's be honest, still dry"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":55.447,"endTime":57.162,"body":"out there. That might have"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":57.162,"endTime":59.131,"body":"changed by the time this comes"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":59.131,"endTime":61.227,"body":"out, but I very much doubt that."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":61.227,"endTime":62.942,"body":"So just keep looking after"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":62.942,"endTime":64.848,"body":"yourselves. Um, with all this"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":64.848,"endTime":66.626,"body":"weather and keep yourselves"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":66.626,"endTime":68.15,"body":"hydrated, etc.. Um, but"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":68.15,"endTime":70.183,"body":"otherwise onto today's podcast."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":70.183,"endTime":72.216,"body":"Um, well, we thought it was due"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":72.216,"endTime":74.248,"body":"a follow up from the one we did"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":74.248,"endTime":76.281,"body":"with Laura Tennant back in June"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":76.281,"endTime":78.313,"body":"2023, which until very recently"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":78.313,"endTime":80.409,"body":"has always been our most popular"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":80.409,"endTime":82.188,"body":"episode. Um, so yeah, so we"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":82.188,"endTime":83.903,"body":"caught up with a couple of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":83.903,"endTime":85.173,"body":"Laura's colleagues."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":85.173,"endTime":86.189,"body":"So I guess some"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":86.189,"endTime":88.158,"body":"things have changed. Come on a"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":88.158,"endTime":89.937,"body":"bit since 2023, Andrew. Um,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":89.937,"endTime":90.382,"body":"we're."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":90.382,"endTime":91.271,"body":"Talking about"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":91.271,"endTime":93.176,"body":"you're talking about the milk"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":93.176,"endTime":94.129,"body":"powder. Sarah."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":94.129,"endTime":95.272,"body":"Both milk powders"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":95.272,"endTime":97.241,"body":"and, and perhaps your podcast."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":97.241,"endTime":98.448,"body":"Well, I must admit"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":98.448,"endTime":100.417,"body":"before we recorded this one, I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":100.417,"endTime":102.323,"body":"listened back to the, um, um,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":102.323,"endTime":104.228,"body":"the one we did with Laura and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":104.228,"endTime":106.261,"body":"the sound quality to me is just"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":106.261,"endTime":107.849,"body":"awful. I just, I cringed"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":107.849,"endTime":109.627,"body":"listening back to it. So if"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":109.627,"endTime":111.469,"body":"that's the only one anyone's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":111.469,"endTime":113.565,"body":"ever listened to, please. I hope"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":113.565,"endTime":115.661,"body":"it's improved when you listen to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":115.661,"endTime":117.63,"body":"this one. I know it's improved"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":117.63,"endTime":119.727,"body":"by the time you get to listen to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":119.727,"endTime":121.823,"body":"this, but I mean, that was back."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":121.823,"endTime":123.919,"body":"That was back in our first year."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":123.919,"endTime":125.951,"body":"and things have obviously moved"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":125.951,"endTime":126.904,"body":"on since then."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":126.904,"endTime":128.238,"body":"Things have moved on"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":128.238,"endTime":130.207,"body":"and kit has been purchased and"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":130.207,"endTime":130.461,"body":"uh."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":130.461,"endTime":131.604,"body":"Yeah, and skills,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":131.604,"endTime":133.383,"body":"skills learnt and all these"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":133.383,"endTime":135.034,"body":"sorts of things that help"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":135.034,"endTime":136.559,"body":"improve the production."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":136.559,"endTime":137.321,"body":"So all very"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":137.321,"endTime":139.417,"body":"professional these days. Andrew."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":139.417,"endTime":140.37,"body":"Oh, I wouldn't"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":140.37,"endTime":142.402,"body":"quite go that far, but, uh, but"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":142.402,"endTime":144.435,"body":"yes, so, so today we're talking"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":144.435,"endTime":146.213,"body":"to a couple of Laura's, uh,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":146.213,"endTime":148.055,"body":"colleagues. Um, there's been"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":148.055,"endTime":150.024,"body":"some, uh, advancements in milk"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":150.024,"endTime":151.93,"body":"powder technology in the last"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":151.93,"endTime":154.026,"body":"couple of years. 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That's why we work"},{"speaker":"Kim Verschueren","startTime":181.48,"endTime":182.951,"body":"alongside you, delivering"},{"speaker":"Kim Verschueren","startTime":182.951,"endTime":184.649,"body":"science-backed solutions that"},{"speaker":"Kim Verschueren","startTime":184.649,"endTime":186.289,"body":"support performance, protect"},{"speaker":"Kim Verschueren","startTime":186.289,"endTime":187.817,"body":"feed quality, and optimise"},{"speaker":"Kim Verschueren","startTime":187.817,"endTime":189.57,"body":"results across your operation."},{"speaker":"Kim Verschueren","startTime":189.57,"endTime":191.211,"body":"Kemin helps you turn today's"},{"speaker":"Kim Verschueren","startTime":191.211,"endTime":192.739,"body":"challenges into measurable"},{"speaker":"Kim Verschueren","startTime":192.739,"endTime":194.492,"body":"progress that drives long-term"},{"speaker":"Kim Verschueren","startTime":194.492,"endTime":195.341,"body":"profitability."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":199.219,"endTime":200.239,"body":"This episode is"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":200.239,"endTime":202.215,"body":"brought to you by ChewintheCud"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":202.215,"endTime":204.127,"body":"Ltd — completely independent,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":204.127,"endTime":206.103,"body":"practical nutrition advice for"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":206.103,"endTime":208.079,"body":"the dairy and beef industries."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":208.079,"endTime":209.8,"body":"Whether you need nutrition"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":209.8,"endTime":211.776,"body":"support, CowSignals advice and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":211.776,"endTime":213.625,"body":"training, or RoMS accredited"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":213.625,"endTime":215.665,"body":"mobility scoring, we tailor the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":215.665,"endTime":217.513,"body":"advice to your farm and your"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":217.513,"endTime":219.617,"body":"requirements. For the full range"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":219.617,"endTime":220.764,"body":"of services visit"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":220.764,"endTime":222.676,"body":"www.chewinthecud.com or email"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":222.676,"endTime":224.461,"body":"nutrition@chewinthecud.com."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":228.419,"endTime":229.395,"body":"This episode is"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":229.395,"endTime":230.799,"body":"also brought to you by"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":230.799,"endTime":232.752,"body":"ChewintheCud Ltd — we now offer"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":232.752,"endTime":234.704,"body":"first aid training designed for"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":234.704,"endTime":236.23,"body":"agriculture and farming,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":236.23,"endTime":238.183,"body":"delivered by a registered First"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":238.183,"endTime":239.647,"body":"Aid at Work trainer and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":239.647,"endTime":241.295,"body":"experienced Minor Injuries"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":241.295,"endTime":243.187,"body":"Practitioner. For more details"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":243.187,"endTime":245.017,"body":"visit www.chewinthecud.com or"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":245.017,"endTime":247.031,"body":"email training@chewinthecud.com."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":250.789,"endTime":251.898,"body":"Hello, I'm Andrew"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":251.898,"endTime":252.329,"body":"Jones,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":252.329,"endTime":253.562,"body":"and I'm Sarah Bolt."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":253.562,"endTime":254.732,"body":"Sarah's time today"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":254.732,"endTime":256.458,"body":"is kindly brought to you by"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":256.458,"endTime":257.135,"body":"Kingshay —"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":257.135,"endTime":257.936,"body":"and together"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":257.936,"endTime":258.984,"body":"we bring you the"},{"speaker":"Andrew 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Bolt","startTime":290.099,"endTime":291.762,"body":"for free on your favourite"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":291.762,"endTime":292.871,"body":"podcast platform,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":292.871,"endTime":293.734,"body":"or sign up at"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":293.734,"endTime":295.767,"body":"www.chewinthecud.com for episode"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":295.767,"endTime":297.739,"body":"notifications so you never miss"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":297.739,"endTime":298.417,"body":"a release."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":298.417,"endTime":299.711,"body":"You'll find links to"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":299.711,"endTime":301.436,"body":"all our socials there too —"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":301.436,"endTime":302.976,"body":"including our Instagram,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":302.976,"endTime":304.763,"body":"chewinthecudpodcast, all one"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":304.763,"endTime":305.502,"body":"word, no G!"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":305.502,"endTime":306.488,"body":"Or get in touch"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":306.488,"endTime":307.228,"body":"directly at"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":307.228,"endTime":308.83,"body":"podcast@chewinthecud.com."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":308.83,"endTime":310.123,"body":"If you enjoy what we"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":310.123,"endTime":312.157,"body":"do, please share it and leave us"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":312.157,"endTime":312.773,"body":"a review."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":312.773,"endTime":313.635,"body":"Enjoy today's"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":313.635,"endTime":314.19,"body":"episode."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":338.029,"endTime":339.108,"body":"Hello and welcome"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":339.108,"endTime":340.907,"body":"back to ChewintheCud Podcast."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":340.907,"endTime":342.646,"body":"Today we're going to look at"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":342.646,"endTime":344.445,"body":"Calf Milk Replacers. Again, a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":344.445,"endTime":346.244,"body":"bit of an update from some of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":346.244,"endTime":347.744,"body":"Laura's colleagues. Now,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":347.744,"endTime":349.663,"body":"obviously, Laura spoke to us at"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":349.663,"endTime":351.641,"body":"the end of season one. So that's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":351.641,"endTime":353.38,"body":"a long time ago now. Um, but"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":353.38,"endTime":355.299,"body":"today we are joined by Georgina"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":355.299,"endTime":357.278,"body":"Thomas who is Young animal feeds"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":357.278,"endTime":359.197,"body":"technical sales manager. Hello,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":359.197,"endTime":361.116,"body":"Georgina. Hello. And also by Dr"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":361.116,"endTime":362.555,"body":"Juliette Wilms who is a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":362.555,"endTime":364.474,"body":"researcher for Trouw Nutrition."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":364.474,"endTime":366.153,"body":"Hello, Juliette. Hello. Um,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":366.153,"endTime":367.952,"body":"thank you both for joining us"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":367.952,"endTime":369.871,"body":"today. I know since we spoke to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":369.871,"endTime":371.37,"body":"Laura, there's been some"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":371.37,"endTime":372.99,"body":"exciting technical updates"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":372.99,"endTime":374.789,"body":"regarding development of milk"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":374.789,"endTime":376.588,"body":"powder. So we're here to talk"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":376.588,"endTime":378.387,"body":"about some of that today. But"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":378.387,"endTime":380.245,"body":"before we do like usual, let's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":380.245,"endTime":382.224,"body":"find out a little bit about both"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":382.224,"endTime":383.903,"body":"our guests. So Georgina, if"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":383.903,"endTime":385.762,"body":"you'd like to tell us a little"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":385.762,"endTime":387.621,"body":"bit about yourself and how you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":387.621,"endTime":389.3,"body":"got to where you are today."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":389.3,"endTime":390.26,"body":"Thanks, Andrew."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":390.26,"endTime":392.179,"body":"Um, so yeah, my name's Georgina"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":392.179,"endTime":394.158,"body":"Thomas. Um, as you said, I'm the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":394.158,"endTime":395.837,"body":"young animal seed technical"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":395.837,"endTime":397.576,"body":"sales manager for Europe and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":397.576,"endTime":399.135,"body":"Central Asia within Trouw"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":399.135,"endTime":400.994,"body":"Nutrition. Um, I've worked for"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":400.994,"endTime":402.913,"body":"Trouw Nutrition, um, for around"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":402.913,"endTime":404.712,"body":"ten to fifteen years now in a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":404.712,"endTime":406.691,"body":"number of different roles. Um, I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":406.691,"endTime":408.67,"body":"was a graduate of the University"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":408.67,"endTime":410.229,"body":"of Nottingham from animal"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":410.229,"endTime":411.908,"body":"science. I entered the feed"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":411.908,"endTime":413.767,"body":"industry, um, and worked for a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":413.767,"endTime":415.686,"body":"feed compounder for a few years"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":415.686,"endTime":417.425,"body":"before joining Trouw. Um. At"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":417.425,"endTime":419.164,"body":"trial, I worked in technical"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":419.164,"endTime":421.143,"body":"roles, so nutrition based roles."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":421.143,"endTime":423.062,"body":"And it was there really that my"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":423.062,"endTime":424.741,"body":"passion for calf and heifer"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":424.741,"endTime":426.66,"body":"rearing started. Um, so at that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":426.66,"endTime":428.279,"body":"point I was doing a bit of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":428.279,"endTime":430.018,"body":"ruminant technical, um, on a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":430.018,"endTime":431.937,"body":"number of different topics, but"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":431.937,"endTime":433.916,"body":"it was actually in twenty twenty"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":433.916,"endTime":435.775,"body":"that I started to focus purely"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":435.775,"endTime":437.514,"body":"on calf and heifer, um, as a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":437.514,"endTime":439.373,"body":"sort of a niche topic. Um, I'm"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":439.373,"endTime":441.351,"body":"really lucky at Trouw Nutrition."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":441.351,"endTime":442.911,"body":"We have, as you will see,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":442.911,"endTime":444.83,"body":"hopefully as we go through this"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":444.83,"endTime":446.688,"body":"podcast, we have a huge amount"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":446.688,"endTime":448.428,"body":"of exciting research. We are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":448.428,"endTime":450.107,"body":"very privileged to have our"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":450.107,"endTime":451.966,"body":"LifeStart platform. So for me,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":451.966,"endTime":453.765,"body":"it's kind of translating that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":453.765,"endTime":455.683,"body":"cutting edge edge research into"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":455.683,"endTime":457.363,"body":"practical, um, calf rearing"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":457.363,"endTime":459.341,"body":"tools, protocols and things that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":459.341,"endTime":461.26,"body":"we can do on farm. Um, even the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":461.26,"endTime":462.879,"body":"best car for us, there are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":462.879,"endTime":464.798,"body":"marginal gains to be had, and I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":464.798,"endTime":466.657,"body":"think we'll probably all agree"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":466.657,"endTime":468.396,"body":"that things changed over the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":468.396,"endTime":470.015,"body":"last ten or fifteen years."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":470.015,"endTime":471.874,"body":"There's a huge amount of noise"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":471.874,"endTime":473.793,"body":"out there, and we should really"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":473.793,"endTime":475.353,"body":"be focusing on published,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":475.353,"endTime":477.092,"body":"evidence based research. And"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":477.092,"endTime":478.831,"body":"that's what Juliette and her"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":478.831,"endTime":480.33,"body":"team do brilliantly. And"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":480.33,"endTime":482.189,"body":"hopefully we can talk a little"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":482.189,"endTime":483.508,"body":"bit more about today."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":483.508,"endTime":484.527,"body":"Fantastic. Thank"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":484.527,"endTime":486.206,"body":"you very much. And Juliette"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":486.206,"endTime":486.806,"body":"yourself."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":486.806,"endTime":487.646,"body":"So my name is"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":487.646,"endTime":489.445,"body":"Juliette Wilms. I'm French. I"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":489.445,"endTime":491.304,"body":"studied in in Agroparistech in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":491.304,"endTime":493.043,"body":"Paris. And then I started to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":493.043,"endTime":494.962,"body":"work for Trouw Nutrition R\u0026D in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":494.962,"endTime":496.821,"body":"the Netherlands right after my"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":496.821,"endTime":498.739,"body":"degree. In my first five years,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":498.739,"endTime":500.538,"body":"I was focusing mostly on calf"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":500.538,"endTime":502.337,"body":"diarrhea and oral rehydration"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":502.337,"endTime":504.316,"body":"solutions. And then I shifted to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":504.316,"endTime":506.115,"body":"work full time on marketplace"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":506.115,"endTime":507.914,"body":"composition. And I did my PhD"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":507.914,"endTime":509.713,"body":"with the University of Guelph"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":509.713,"endTime":511.512,"body":"under the supervision of Mike"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":511.512,"endTime":513.311,"body":"Steele on the fat composition"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":513.311,"endTime":515.05,"body":"in, and the fat inclusion in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":515.05,"endTime":516.849,"body":"milk replacer for calves. And"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":516.849,"endTime":518.828,"body":"it's been about ten years that I"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":518.828,"endTime":520.507,"body":"have been working for Trouw"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":520.507,"endTime":522.306,"body":"Nutrition R\u0026D. As a prominent"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":522.306,"endTime":523.026,"body":"researcher."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":523.026,"endTime":524.165,"body":"I would say that's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":524.165,"endTime":526.084,"body":"probably a lot of fun and quite"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":526.084,"endTime":528.003,"body":"interesting at times, isn't it?"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":528.003,"endTime":529.802,"body":"Um, sorry, I should just say."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":529.802,"endTime":531.361,"body":"Juliette nodded her head."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":531.361,"endTime":533.28,"body":"Because obviously people can't,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":533.28,"endTime":535.259,"body":"can't see, can't see. But that's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":535.259,"endTime":537.118,"body":"no worries. Um, yes. So today,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":537.118,"endTime":538.977,"body":"um, we spoke to Laura a couple"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":538.977,"endTime":540.716,"body":"of years ago, and I listened"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":540.716,"endTime":542.695,"body":"back to it yesterday in a bit of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":542.695,"endTime":544.374,"body":"preparation for this. And I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":544.374,"endTime":546.233,"body":"mean, one of the comments from"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":546.233,"endTime":548.092,"body":"Laura is she said, I wish we'd"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":548.092,"endTime":549.651,"body":"talk about it as feed for"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":549.651,"endTime":551.45,"body":"immunity and feed for health."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":551.45,"endTime":553.309,"body":"And I'm guessing that's really"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":553.309,"endTime":555.108,"body":"what we want to continue with"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":555.108,"endTime":556.967,"body":"some of today's message, isn't"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":556.967,"endTime":558.646,"body":"it is is where, as you say,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":558.646,"endTime":560.085,"body":"there's a lot of things"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":560.085,"endTime":561.944,"body":"happened. You know, it used to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":561.944,"endTime":563.743,"body":"be you fed two litres twice a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":563.743,"endTime":565.662,"body":"day and that was it. Times have"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":565.662,"endTime":567.401,"body":"moved on. There's definitely"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":567.401,"endTime":569.02,"body":"been an argument because I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":569.02,"endTime":570.939,"body":"remember having that discussion"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":570.939,"endTime":572.858,"body":"with Laura about or from others"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":572.858,"endTime":574.657,"body":"in the industry. Like there's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":574.657,"endTime":576.396,"body":"been a push to feed more and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":576.396,"endTime":578.135,"body":"others are saying you should"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":578.135,"endTime":580.054,"body":"feed less. I mean, if we take a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":580.054,"endTime":581.973,"body":"snapshot of where we are today,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":581.973,"endTime":583.832,"body":"where would you say we've come"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":583.832,"endTime":585.811,"body":"in the last, like you say, five,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":585.811,"endTime":587.61,"body":"ten years, and then we can go"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":587.61,"endTime":589.409,"body":"forward as to, you know, what"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":589.409,"endTime":591.388,"body":"are the latest developments? And"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":591.388,"endTime":592.947,"body":"like you say, some of the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":592.947,"endTime":594.926,"body":"research that Juliette has done."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":594.926,"endTime":595.526,"body":"Yeah. Our"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":595.526,"endTime":597.445,"body":"kickoff, Juliette, if you like."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":597.445,"endTime":599.184,"body":"So I think you're completely"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":599.184,"endTime":601.102,"body":"right, Andrew. I think the calf"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":601.102,"endTime":602.901,"body":"nutrition space has massively"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":602.901,"endTime":604.521,"body":"changed in the last ten or"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":604.521,"endTime":606.44,"body":"fifteen years. And I think even"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":606.44,"endTime":608.119,"body":"since Laura spoke to you, I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":608.119,"endTime":609.738,"body":"think there's been massive"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":609.738,"endTime":611.717,"body":"changes in the last three years."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":611.717,"endTime":613.695,"body":"We obviously know calf from milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":613.695,"endTime":615.195,"body":"Replacers are ultimately"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":615.195,"endTime":617.174,"body":"completely connected to farmgate"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":617.174,"endTime":619.033,"body":"milk price. So also, which I'm"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":619.033,"endTime":621.011,"body":"sure we'll discuss at some point"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":621.011,"endTime":622.93,"body":"during the podcast. And the ups"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":622.93,"endTime":624.729,"body":"and downs of the market bring"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":624.729,"endTime":626.408,"body":"its challenges as well. But"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":626.408,"endTime":628.147,"body":"ultimately, when you look at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":628.147,"endTime":629.826,"body":"where research has come and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":629.826,"endTime":631.625,"body":"where research is going, it's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":631.625,"endTime":633.484,"body":"trying to now look at the long"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":633.484,"endTime":635.283,"body":"term benefits and feeding our"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":635.283,"endTime":637.262,"body":"cars properly. Um, and trying to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":637.262,"endTime":639.241,"body":"look at long term, uh, return on"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":639.241,"endTime":641.1,"body":"investment as well. So when we"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":641.1,"endTime":643.079,"body":"look about, when we look at what"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":643.079,"endTime":644.998,"body":"we're trying to talk about now,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":644.998,"endTime":646.797,"body":"um, and this is where some of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":646.797,"endTime":648.536,"body":"Juliette's research is super"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":648.536,"endTime":650.395,"body":"interesting is we're trying to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":650.395,"endTime":651.894,"body":"move from growth focused"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":651.894,"endTime":653.513,"body":"feeding, um, to resilience"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":653.513,"endTime":655.432,"body":"focused nutrition. And so we're"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":655.432,"endTime":657.411,"body":"trying to take it beyond growth."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":657.411,"endTime":659.33,"body":"Now growth is really important."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":659.33,"endTime":661.309,"body":"It will always be important calf"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":661.309,"endTime":663.168,"body":"nutrition, but we can actually"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":663.168,"endTime":665.147,"body":"achieve a lot more. Um, and when"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":665.147,"endTime":667.006,"body":"you look back at um, levels of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":667.006,"endTime":668.925,"body":"feeding, I think there was huge"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":668.925,"endTime":670.724,"body":"amounts of improvements to be"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":670.724,"endTime":672.703,"body":"done there. I mean, as, as Trouw"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":672.703,"endTime":674.682,"body":"Nutrition, we did some, um, sort"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":674.682,"endTime":676.481,"body":"of market research, uh, a few"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":676.481,"endTime":678.399,"body":"years ago. And just for the UK,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":678.399,"endTime":680.138,"body":"we found out that sixty five"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":680.138,"endTime":682.057,"body":"percent of farmers were feeding"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":682.057,"endTime":684.036,"body":"six litres or less. And when you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":684.036,"endTime":685.475,"body":"look at six litres of a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":685.475,"endTime":687.095,"body":"traditional milk replacer,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":687.095,"endTime":689.073,"body":"you're going to be struggling to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":689.073,"endTime":690.872,"body":"cover maintenance and growth."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":690.872,"endTime":692.552,"body":"You're not going to ever be"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":692.552,"endTime":694.411,"body":"achieving those growth targets"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":694.411,"endTime":695.49,"body":"that you want to."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":695.49,"endTime":696.449,"body":"Well, as a as a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":696.449,"endTime":698.248,"body":"comparison, what would a calf"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":698.248,"endTime":700.227,"body":"naturally drink if it was on its"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":700.227,"endTime":700.707,"body":"mother?"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":700.707,"endTime":701.726,"body":"Um, so naturally"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":701.726,"endTime":703.705,"body":"a calf that is raised by the dam"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":703.705,"endTime":705.624,"body":"would drink above ten to twelve"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":705.624,"endTime":707.123,"body":"liters per day, which is"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":707.123,"endTime":709.042,"body":"equivalent to twenty percent of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":709.042,"endTime":710.661,"body":"their birth body weight as"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":710.661,"endTime":712.58,"body":"ingested volume per day. And in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":712.58,"endTime":714.439,"body":"the industry, it's very common"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":714.439,"endTime":716.418,"body":"to feed them less than half. Uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":716.418,"endTime":718.217,"body":"so this is really problematic"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":718.217,"endTime":720.136,"body":"for their development, but also"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":720.136,"endTime":721.815,"body":"for their immunity. And the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":721.815,"endTime":723.734,"body":"other big difference is that in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":723.734,"endTime":725.473,"body":"nature, the, the calves will"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":725.473,"endTime":727.452,"body":"have a very, um, gradual weaning"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":727.452,"endTime":729.191,"body":"transition and they can stay"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":729.191,"endTime":731.17,"body":"with the dam up to ten months of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":731.17,"endTime":732.909,"body":"age while in the industry by"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":732.909,"endTime":734.888,"body":"three months they are weaned. If"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":734.888,"endTime":736.327,"body":"they are lucky, in some"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":736.327,"endTime":738.126,"body":"countries they will be weaned"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":738.126,"endTime":739.865,"body":"extremely early. And we know"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":739.865,"endTime":741.544,"body":"that the weaning transition"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":741.544,"endTime":743.403,"body":"should not be initiated before"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":743.403,"endTime":744.063,"body":"six weeks."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":744.063,"endTime":745.082,"body":"I mean, when you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":745.082,"endTime":746.941,"body":"look at both of those figures,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":746.941,"endTime":748.92,"body":"that's significant, isn't it, in"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":748.92,"endTime":750.899,"body":"terms of volumes and in terms of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":750.899,"endTime":752.578,"body":"time. Um, and I guess we're"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":752.578,"endTime":754.437,"body":"repeating a little bit what we"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":754.437,"endTime":756.236,"body":"discussed with Laura as well."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":756.236,"endTime":758.215,"body":"But some of that obviously comes"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":758.215,"endTime":759.834,"body":"down to economics. And you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":759.834,"endTime":761.573,"body":"mentioned it there, Georgina"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":761.573,"endTime":763.132,"body":"economics do come into it"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":763.132,"endTime":765.111,"body":"because let's be honest with the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":765.111,"endTime":766.85,"body":"recent milk price slump this"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":766.85,"endTime":768.769,"body":"last year, I've known plenty of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":768.769,"endTime":770.568,"body":"people that sat down and done"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":770.568,"endTime":772.487,"body":"the sums. Cheaper to go back to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":772.487,"endTime":774.466,"body":"Whole Milk. So have gone back to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":774.466,"endTime":776.445,"body":"whole milk, um, in, in that time"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":776.445,"endTime":778.364,"body":"and not fed milk powder because"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":778.364,"endTime":779.323,"body":"the cost of it."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":779.323,"endTime":780.463,"body":"And that obviously"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":780.463,"endTime":782.382,"body":"has its own challenges, doesn't"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":782.382,"endTime":784.3,"body":"it? But I don't know if we want"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":784.3,"endTime":785.44,"body":"to cover those or."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":785.44,"endTime":786.579,"body":"Which we can cover"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":786.579,"endTime":788.558,"body":"as we, as we progress through as"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":788.558,"endTime":790.357,"body":"to, to why they are, but they"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":790.357,"endTime":792.216,"body":"are definitely something that,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":792.216,"endTime":794.135,"body":"you know, is a reality. Um, but"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":794.135,"endTime":795.814,"body":"sorry, Georgina going on in"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":795.814,"endTime":797.673,"body":"terms of you say those volumes"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":797.673,"endTime":799.412,"body":"there. So we've talked about"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":799.412,"endTime":801.331,"body":"where it is, where is, where is"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":801.331,"endTime":803.31,"body":"it going forward or Juliette, if"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":803.31,"endTime":805.109,"body":"you want to add to it at this"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":805.109,"endTime":805.529,"body":"point."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":805.529,"endTime":806.428,"body":"So I think we,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":806.428,"endTime":808.287,"body":"um, we started with LifeStart."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":808.287,"endTime":810.266,"body":"So LifeStart is starts. Our calf"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":810.266,"endTime":812.185,"body":"and heifer are in best practice"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":812.185,"endTime":814.044,"body":"platform. That is the platform"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":814.044,"endTime":815.963,"body":"that we use to, um, promote and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":815.963,"endTime":817.822,"body":"publish a lot of our research."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":817.822,"endTime":819.681,"body":"Um, and also to make sure that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":819.681,"endTime":821.42,"body":"that research is then turned"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":821.42,"endTime":823.399,"body":"into solutions and protocols and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":823.399,"endTime":825.378,"body":"stuff. So I think to give you an"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":825.378,"endTime":827.237,"body":"idea of where science has come"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":827.237,"endTime":828.916,"body":"from, Juliette and her team"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":828.916,"endTime":830.715,"body":"since twenty fifteen have had"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":830.715,"endTime":832.574,"body":"fifty five published papers as"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":832.574,"endTime":834.493,"body":"part of the LifeStart platform."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":834.493,"endTime":836.471,"body":"So there's amazing calf research"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":836.471,"endTime":838.39,"body":"coming out all the time. And we"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":838.39,"endTime":840.129,"body":"need to make sure that we're"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":840.129,"endTime":842.048,"body":"translating that. So if we went"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":842.048,"endTime":843.667,"body":"back ten or fifteen years,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":843.667,"endTime":845.646,"body":"Andrew, you're right, there were"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":845.646,"endTime":847.385,"body":"people feeding two liters of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":847.385,"endTime":849.364,"body":"feed, three liters of feed. As I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":849.364,"endTime":851.343,"body":"mentioned, even a few years ago,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":851.343,"endTime":853.322,"body":"we were talking about sixty five"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":853.322,"endTime":855.181,"body":"percent of farmers feeding six"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":855.181,"endTime":856.92,"body":"liters or less. Um, that has"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":856.92,"endTime":858.719,"body":"improved. We do have a lot of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":858.719,"endTime":860.638,"body":"farmers feeding eight liters. I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":860.638,"endTime":862.617,"body":"would say our minimum feed curve"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":862.617,"endTime":864.536,"body":"now is eight liters. But we are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":864.536,"endTime":866.275,"body":"massive advocates for ad lib"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":866.275,"endTime":868.254,"body":"feeding. So feed to appetite. If"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":868.254,"endTime":869.933,"body":"they're clearing buckets at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":869.933,"endTime":871.552,"body":"eight liters, feed another"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":871.552,"endTime":873.171,"body":"liter, feed another half a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":873.171,"endTime":874.73,"body":"liter. Um, and there is a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":874.73,"endTime":876.709,"body":"balance there. I appreciate with"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":876.709,"endTime":878.688,"body":"not wanting to waste milk or um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":878.688,"endTime":880.547,"body":"have a high level of refusals,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":880.547,"endTime":882.286,"body":"but then I think we start to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":882.286,"endTime":884.145,"body":"feed more milk and that's what"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":884.145,"endTime":885.884,"body":"we talk a lot about. I think"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":885.884,"endTime":887.683,"body":"that's Julia and I talk about"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":887.683,"endTime":889.662,"body":"feeding more liters and, and the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":889.662,"endTime":891.641,"body":"amazing research that's come out"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":891.641,"endTime":893.62,"body":"of that. And we can list some of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":893.62,"endTime":895.539,"body":"the benefits later on. But when"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":895.539,"endTime":897.338,"body":"you go to feed more milk, you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":897.338,"endTime":899.316,"body":"have to feed the right milk. You"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":899.316,"endTime":901.235,"body":"cannot feed a poor quality milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":901.235,"endTime":903.214,"body":"at a high volume, because you're"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":903.214,"endTime":905.013,"body":"not going to get the response"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":905.013,"endTime":906.692,"body":"that you expect. And that's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":906.692,"endTime":908.491,"body":"where I think, Juliette, your"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":908.491,"endTime":910.35,"body":"research went next, wasn't it?"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":910.35,"endTime":912.209,"body":"We now know we need to restore"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":912.209,"endTime":914.008,"body":"sort of the biological marker"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":914.008,"endTime":915.987,"body":"for feed volume. And now we need"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":915.987,"endTime":917.786,"body":"to understand what we need to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":917.786,"endTime":919.705,"body":"feed at that volume to be safe,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":919.705,"endTime":921.684,"body":"to get the growth rates we need,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":921.684,"endTime":923.363,"body":"and also also to elicit the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":923.363,"endTime":925.162,"body":"House support. I think that's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":925.162,"endTime":926.721,"body":"really clear to say we're"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":926.721,"endTime":928.52,"body":"nutritionists. There's a huge"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":928.52,"endTime":930.019,"body":"correlation between calf"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":930.019,"endTime":931.998,"body":"nutrition and calf health. We're"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":931.998,"endTime":933.377,"body":"definitely working and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":933.377,"endTime":935.056,"body":"collaborating with vets and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":935.056,"endTime":936.855,"body":"that's super important. But I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":936.855,"endTime":938.834,"body":"think many vets would agree that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":938.834,"endTime":940.633,"body":"if you get a calf's nutrition"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":940.633,"endTime":942.552,"body":"right, then calf health follows"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":942.552,"endTime":944.351,"body":"as well. Um, so yeah, then it"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":944.351,"endTime":946.27,"body":"was moving away from volume and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":946.27,"endTime":948.129,"body":"moving on to, um, composition."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":948.129,"endTime":949.688,"body":"And that's where Juliette"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":949.688,"endTime":951.607,"body":"started her work looking at fat"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":951.607,"endTime":953.526,"body":"inclusion. Um, and that was the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":953.526,"endTime":954.606,"body":"next step for us."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":954.606,"endTime":955.565,"body":"Uh, yes indeed."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":955.565,"endTime":957.484,"body":"And there is another point also"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":957.484,"endTime":959.343,"body":"that, uh, that is important to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":959.343,"endTime":961.202,"body":"insist on. Uh, if we look, um,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":961.202,"endTime":963.121,"body":"at international conferences or"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":963.121,"endTime":964.74,"body":"at recent literature, it's"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":964.74,"endTime":966.719,"body":"considered that eight liters per"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":966.719,"endTime":968.578,"body":"day is not an enhanced feeding"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":968.578,"endTime":970.137,"body":"plane. It's considered as"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":970.137,"endTime":971.816,"body":"moderate and anything below"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":971.816,"endTime":973.735,"body":"eight liters at one hundred and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":973.735,"endTime":975.234,"body":"fifty grams per liter is"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":975.234,"endTime":976.973,"body":"considered as, uh, as calves"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":976.973,"endTime":978.952,"body":"being undernourished. Um, and as"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":978.952,"endTime":980.871,"body":"we go to ad libitum feeding, it"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":980.871,"endTime":982.73,"body":"becomes crucial to balance the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":982.73,"endTime":984.169,"body":"composition of the milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":984.169,"endTime":986.088,"body":"replacer. Because if we feed ad"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":986.088,"endTime":987.947,"body":"libitum levels of milk placers"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":987.947,"endTime":989.926,"body":"that present large micronutrient"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":989.926,"endTime":991.545,"body":"imbalances that can pose a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":991.545,"endTime":993.224,"body":"immediate challenges to the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":993.224,"endTime":994.723,"body":"calf, like, for example,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":994.723,"endTime":996.282,"body":"digestive upset, but also"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":996.282,"endTime":997.482,"body":"metabolic problems."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":997.482,"endTime":998.381,"body":"Okay. And it's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":998.381,"endTime":1000.36,"body":"interesting what you talk about,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1000.36,"endTime":1002.159,"body":"like feeding for immunity and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1002.159,"endTime":1004.138,"body":"whatever. It just made me think,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1004.138,"endTime":1005.997,"body":"and it's never spoken about in"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1005.997,"endTime":1007.856,"body":"calves in this way. And you're"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1007.856,"endTime":1009.715,"body":"starting to very hear it, very"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1009.715,"endTime":1011.514,"body":"limited in cows. But the fact"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1011.514,"endTime":1013.253,"body":"that, you know, when you and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1013.253,"endTime":1015.112,"body":"when you have a sick cow, it's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1015.112,"endTime":1017.031,"body":"the amount of glucose it takes,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1017.031,"endTime":1019.01,"body":"the amount of energy it takes to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1019.01,"endTime":1020.809,"body":"for that cow to get over that"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1020.809,"endTime":1022.488,"body":"sickness and therefore that"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1022.488,"endTime":1024.407,"body":"affects production, etc., etc.."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1024.407,"endTime":1026.326,"body":"Well, I was thinking about this"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1026.326,"endTime":1028.245,"body":"the other day because it's been"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1028.245,"endTime":1030.104,"body":"ticking away in my brain for a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1030.104,"endTime":1031.903,"body":"little bit that why is nobody"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1031.903,"endTime":1033.702,"body":"sort of made this in the same"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1033.702,"endTime":1035.62,"body":"way or discussed it in the same"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1035.62,"endTime":1037.539,"body":"way? Maybe I should say is it's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1037.539,"endTime":1039.458,"body":"no different for a calf, is it?"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1039.458,"endTime":1041.437,"body":"If you want it to grow and if it"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1041.437,"endTime":1043.356,"body":"if it's and if it's not got the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1043.356,"endTime":1045.035,"body":"energy something's going to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1045.035,"endTime":1046.894,"body":"give. And if it's going to be,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1046.894,"endTime":1048.753,"body":"it might be its health because"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1048.753,"endTime":1050.372,"body":"it's not got the energy to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1050.372,"endTime":1052.231,"body":"provide the maximum resilience"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1052.231,"endTime":1053.91,"body":"or immunity to whatever the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1053.91,"endTime":1055.769,"body":"challenge is, then that's when"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1055.769,"endTime":1057.268,"body":"you're going to get that"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1057.268,"endTime":1057.928,"body":"breakdown."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1057.928,"endTime":1059.187,"body":"It's that the energy"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1059.187,"endTime":1061.106,"body":"required to actually drive that"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1061.106,"endTime":1062.965,"body":"immune system, isn't it? It's,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1062.965,"endTime":1064.944,"body":"um, we don't realize how immense"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1064.944,"endTime":1065.904,"body":"that really is."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1065.904,"endTime":1066.623,"body":"And also in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1066.623,"endTime":1068.602,"body":"terms of development, uh, of, of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1068.602,"endTime":1070.101,"body":"the cars, um, and in the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1070.101,"endTime":1071.96,"body":"Netherlands, we conducted our,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1071.96,"endTime":1073.939,"body":"um, a LifeStart experiment where"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1073.939,"endTime":1075.678,"body":"cars were either fed four or"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1075.678,"endTime":1077.597,"body":"eight liters in the pre-weaning"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1077.597,"endTime":1079.516,"body":"phase at the same concentration"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1079.516,"endTime":1081.375,"body":"of one hundred and fifty grams"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1081.375,"endTime":1083.114,"body":"per liter. And we found that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1083.114,"endTime":1084.673,"body":"this had really long term"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1084.673,"endTime":1086.172,"body":"consequences on the milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1086.172,"endTime":1087.911,"body":"production in the subsequent"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1087.911,"endTime":1089.71,"body":"lactations. So we found that,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1089.71,"endTime":1091.449,"body":"uh, cars that were fed eight"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1091.449,"endTime":1093.009,"body":"liters per day, they were"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1093.009,"endTime":1094.867,"body":"producing, uh, one point eight"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1094.867,"endTime":1096.607,"body":"kilograms per day, more, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1096.607,"endTime":1098.226,"body":"corrected milk for fat and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1098.226,"endTime":1099.785,"body":"protein during the second"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1099.785,"endTime":1101.524,"body":"lactation. And they had, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1101.524,"endTime":1103.503,"body":"fifty percent higher probability"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1103.503,"endTime":1105.302,"body":"to reach the third lactation,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1105.302,"endTime":1107.281,"body":"which means that there was a big"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1107.281,"endTime":1109.14,"body":"reduction of the culling rate."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1109.14,"endTime":1110.879,"body":"And this is explained by the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1110.879,"endTime":1112.318,"body":"phenomenon of metabolic"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1112.318,"endTime":1114.117,"body":"programming, where stimuli in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1114.117,"endTime":1116.036,"body":"early life can have a long term"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1116.036,"endTime":1117.595,"body":"effect on the metabolism."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1117.595,"endTime":1118.674,"body":"And that's really"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1118.674,"endTime":1120.653,"body":"important, isn't it? These days,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1120.653,"endTime":1122.392,"body":"when we're looking at carbon"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1122.392,"endTime":1124.371,"body":"footprint as to the longevity of"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1124.371,"endTime":1126.05,"body":"our our cows and our herds."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1126.05,"endTime":1127.13,"body":"And those figures"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1127.13,"endTime":1128.869,"body":"are significant. It makes me"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1128.869,"endTime":1130.728,"body":"come back to I remember when I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1130.728,"endTime":1132.706,"body":"first heard. George met Georgina"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1132.706,"endTime":1134.385,"body":"and probably heard Georgina"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1134.385,"endTime":1136.244,"body":"speak. Was talking about those"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1136.244,"endTime":1138.163,"body":"queen bees and the epigenetics."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1138.163,"endTime":1140.082,"body":"And I mean, obviously, from our"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1140.082,"endTime":1142.001,"body":"own point of view, we've. We've"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1142.001,"endTime":1143.92,"body":"done a lovely podcast about the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1143.92,"endTime":1145.779,"body":"epigenetics since. And it just"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1145.779,"endTime":1147.578,"body":"all ties in nicely. Um, but I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1147.578,"endTime":1149.497,"body":"guess while we're talking about"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1149.497,"endTime":1151.296,"body":"this, we should just at least"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1151.296,"endTime":1153.155,"body":"briefly talk about getting the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1153.155,"endTime":1154.894,"body":"basics right really as well,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1154.894,"endTime":1156.873,"body":"isn't it? I mean, yes, you know,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1156.873,"endTime":1158.792,"body":"all of that's got to go, right?"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1158.792,"endTime":1160.651,"body":"But you don't have to have the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1160.651,"endTime":1162.63,"body":"shiniest shed. It's about making"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1162.63,"endTime":1164.489,"body":"sure your management is right."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1164.489,"endTime":1166.048,"body":"So whether it's excellent"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1166.048,"endTime":1168.027,"body":"colostrum management in terms of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1168.027,"endTime":1170.006,"body":"volumes and in terms of quality,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1170.006,"endTime":1171.565,"body":"the hygiene, ventilation,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1171.565,"endTime":1173.364,"body":"housing design comes into it."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1173.364,"endTime":1175.103,"body":"But as I say, if you doesn't"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1175.103,"endTime":1176.902,"body":"have to be the shiniest shed,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1176.902,"endTime":1178.701,"body":"it's just got to be right and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1178.701,"endTime":1180.38,"body":"making sure you've got good"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1180.38,"endTime":1182.239,"body":"stockmanship on there. I mean,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1182.239,"endTime":1184.218,"body":"have I missed any of the basics?"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1184.218,"endTime":1186.077,"body":"That really ought to be people"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1186.077,"endTime":1187.996,"body":"we should talk about? Or do you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1187.996,"endTime":1189.795,"body":"think that covers most of the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1189.795,"endTime":1191.234,"body":"things we need to know?"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1191.234,"endTime":1192.133,"body":"I think that's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1192.133,"endTime":1193.872,"body":"a really good point that you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1193.872,"endTime":1195.671,"body":"make, Andrew. And around, um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1195.671,"endTime":1197.59,"body":"nutrition and this is something"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1197.59,"endTime":1199.509,"body":"I know, um, we talk about quite"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1199.509,"endTime":1201.488,"body":"a lot of nutrition, but actually"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1201.488,"endTime":1203.167,"body":"offering adequate nutrition"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1203.167,"endTime":1205.086,"body":"higher than a moderate level of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1205.086,"endTime":1206.645,"body":"nutrition is kind of your"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1206.645,"endTime":1208.504,"body":"insurance policy because sheds"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1208.504,"endTime":1210.243,"body":"aren't perfect, calf rearing"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1210.243,"endTime":1212.042,"body":"isn't perfect. Pathogen loads"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1212.042,"endTime":1214.021,"body":"are always going to be there. It"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1214.021,"endTime":1215.76,"body":"would be great if we find at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1215.76,"endTime":1217.259,"body":"some point, some time, a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1217.259,"endTime":1219.238,"body":"complete, complete cure for some"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1219.238,"endTime":1221.217,"body":"of these pathogens we find in in"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1221.217,"endTime":1222.776,"body":"the calf shed. But in the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1222.776,"endTime":1224.635,"body":"meantime, we just need to make"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1224.635,"endTime":1226.254,"body":"those calves as robust and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1226.254,"endTime":1228.233,"body":"resilient as we can. And you can"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1228.233,"endTime":1230.152,"body":"never talk about calf nutrition"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1230.152,"endTime":1232.131,"body":"without talking about colostrum."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1232.131,"endTime":1233.69,"body":"You can't talk about calf"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1233.69,"endTime":1235.609,"body":"nutrition without talking about"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1235.609,"endTime":1237.168,"body":"volume of milk. But sheds"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1237.168,"endTime":1238.847,"body":"ventilation stockmanship. I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1238.847,"endTime":1240.586,"body":"mean, Juliette, a lot of her"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1240.586,"endTime":1242.565,"body":"work at Trouw Nutrition has been"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1242.565,"endTime":1244.304,"body":"based on electrolytes, and I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1244.304,"endTime":1245.923,"body":"think that that has had to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1245.923,"endTime":1247.902,"body":"change a lot of the narrative in"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1247.902,"endTime":1249.821,"body":"the industry. And you mentioned"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1249.821,"endTime":1251.44,"body":"sick calves. We can't stop"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1251.44,"endTime":1253.239,"body":"feeding sick cars, but that's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1253.239,"endTime":1254.858,"body":"always been the tradition,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1254.858,"endTime":1256.837,"body":"hasn't it? So I think even we've"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1256.837,"endTime":1258.516,"body":"learned a lot as we've come"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1258.516,"endTime":1260.315,"body":"along. There's still a lot to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1260.315,"endTime":1262.174,"body":"learn. But I think getting the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1262.174,"endTime":1264.093,"body":"basics right, being consistent,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1264.093,"endTime":1265.952,"body":"having protocols, measuring as"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1265.952,"endTime":1267.751,"body":"well has a huge part to play."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1267.751,"endTime":1269.55,"body":"But I really strongly believe"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1269.55,"endTime":1271.349,"body":"nutrition can be that sort of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1271.349,"endTime":1273.268,"body":"insurance policy. If you feed a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1273.268,"endTime":1275.067,"body":"bit more, it can help support"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1275.067,"endTime":1276.986,"body":"perhaps, um, more challenges in"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1276.986,"endTime":1278.845,"body":"a shed or more challenges with"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1278.845,"endTime":1280.824,"body":"ventilation. I'm not saying it's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1280.824,"endTime":1282.563,"body":"gonna cure everything, but I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1282.563,"endTime":1284.422,"body":"really do feel like it can be,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1284.422,"endTime":1286.341,"body":"it can offer a great support to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1286.341,"endTime":1287.3,"body":"calves as well."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1287.3,"endTime":1288.38,"body":"So when you were,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1288.38,"endTime":1290.059,"body":"were saying earlier that if"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1290.059,"endTime":1291.798,"body":"we're going to feed more, we"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1291.798,"endTime":1293.477,"body":"need to feed the right milk"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1293.477,"endTime":1295.396,"body":"powder, should we perhaps start"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1295.396,"endTime":1297.255,"body":"that conversation about, well,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1297.255,"endTime":1299.054,"body":"what, what makes up the right"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1299.054,"endTime":1299.833,"body":"milk powder?"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1299.833,"endTime":1300.553,"body":"Yeah. And I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1300.553,"endTime":1302.412,"body":"think one thing I'll just say,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1302.412,"endTime":1304.271,"body":"and then I'll definitely pass."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1304.271,"endTime":1306.25,"body":"This is Juliette's absolute area"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1306.25,"endTime":1308.049,"body":"of expertise. But I think one"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1308.049,"endTime":1310.028,"body":"thing to remember is that calves"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1310.028,"endTime":1311.767,"body":"are born with limited energy"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1311.767,"endTime":1313.566,"body":"reserves. Um, they have three"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1313.566,"endTime":1315.365,"body":"percent body fat at birth. We"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1315.365,"endTime":1317.104,"body":"feed colostrum. Colostrum is"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1317.104,"endTime":1319.083,"body":"forty to forty five percent fat,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1319.083,"endTime":1320.882,"body":"highly digestible. And we are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1320.882,"endTime":1322.801,"body":"aware of the fatty acid profile"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1322.801,"endTime":1324.42,"body":"of colostrum. Um, and then"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1324.42,"endTime":1326.399,"body":"historically we've moved them to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1326.399,"endTime":1327.958,"body":"a calf milk replacer. And"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1327.958,"endTime":1329.937,"body":"historically we've moved them to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1329.937,"endTime":1331.796,"body":"a low energy or lower fat calf"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1331.796,"endTime":1333.774,"body":"milk replacer. So it's a massive"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1333.774,"endTime":1335.454,"body":"energy drop. There's a huge"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1335.454,"endTime":1337.432,"body":"energy gap. Um, and that's where"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1337.432,"endTime":1339.411,"body":"Juliette's work started. I think"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1339.411,"endTime":1341.15,"body":"looking at, as she mentioned"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1341.15,"endTime":1343.069,"body":"earlier, if we're going to feed"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1343.069,"endTime":1344.988,"body":"more, what does the biological,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1344.988,"endTime":1346.727,"body":"um, what does mother nature,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1346.727,"endTime":1348.286,"body":"what does that biological"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1348.286,"endTime":1350.265,"body":"reference tell us that we should"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1350.265,"endTime":1350.985,"body":"be feeding?"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1350.985,"endTime":1351.824,"body":"And that's an"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1351.824,"endTime":1353.803,"body":"important point to move on to, I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1353.803,"endTime":1355.362,"body":"guess, is I'm just again,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1355.362,"endTime":1356.622,"body":"thinking back to the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1356.622,"endTime":1358.421,"body":"conversation with Laura. It's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1358.421,"endTime":1360.4,"body":"understanding the profile of the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1360.4,"endTime":1362.319,"body":"fat, Isn't it? Not all fats are"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1362.319,"endTime":1363.998,"body":"equal. Not all fats are the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1363.998,"endTime":1365.797,"body":"same. And I know that one. We"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1365.797,"endTime":1367.716,"body":"had the discussion about why we"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1367.716,"endTime":1369.515,"body":"use palm and coconut, because"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1369.515,"endTime":1371.074,"body":"it's the one that closely"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1371.074,"endTime":1372.993,"body":"matches the fatty acid profile."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1372.993,"endTime":1374.852,"body":"But I know, and I suppose this"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1374.852,"endTime":1376.651,"body":"goes on to some of Juliette's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1376.651,"endTime":1378.27,"body":"work from if I've got this"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1378.27,"endTime":1379.949,"body":"right, obviously one of the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1379.949,"endTime":1381.868,"body":"things that's missing is the C4"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1381.868,"endTime":1383.847,"body":"fats, isn't it? And I'm guessing"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1383.847,"endTime":1385.765,"body":"that's where a lot of your work"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1385.765,"endTime":1387.564,"body":"has come in historically. Why"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1387.564,"endTime":1389.244,"body":"has that not been in a milk"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1389.244,"endTime":1391.222,"body":"powder? And you've obviously got"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1391.222,"endTime":1392.961,"body":"there now, but what benefits"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1392.961,"endTime":1394.94,"body":"does that bring to a milk powder"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1394.94,"endTime":1396.919,"body":"that again, it's all replicating"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1396.919,"endTime":1398.898,"body":"nature. I suppose that's a whole"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1398.898,"endTime":1400.817,"body":"different discussion. Well, why"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1400.817,"endTime":1402.796,"body":"not then feed milk in that case."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1402.796,"endTime":1404.415,"body":"But um Juliette, tell us a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1404.415,"endTime":1406.274,"body":"little bit more about this and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1406.274,"endTime":1407.953,"body":"where it's gone to from and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1407.953,"endTime":1408.553,"body":"where to."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1408.553,"endTime":1409.572,"body":"So I think that,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1409.572,"endTime":1411.491,"body":"um, in the industry, there is a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1411.491,"endTime":1413.41,"body":"strong idea that fat is bad for"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1413.41,"endTime":1415.269,"body":"calves and that if we increase"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1415.269,"endTime":1417.248,"body":"the fat in the marketplace, they"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1417.248,"endTime":1419.047,"body":"will get diarrhea, which does"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1419.047,"endTime":1420.906,"body":"not make sense when we look at"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1420.906,"endTime":1422.825,"body":"the composition of bovine whole"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1422.825,"endTime":1424.564,"body":"milk. But I think this comes"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1424.564,"endTime":1426.423,"body":"from the fact that we used to,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1426.423,"endTime":1428.282,"body":"uh, have a lot in the industry"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1428.282,"endTime":1430.141,"body":"formulas or formulas that were"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1430.141,"endTime":1431.94,"body":"really optimized for cost and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1431.94,"endTime":1433.799,"body":"not for quality of the overall"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1433.799,"endTime":1435.418,"body":"composition, low skim milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1435.418,"endTime":1437.397,"body":"powder, but also the fat was not"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1437.397,"endTime":1439.136,"body":"balanced properly. And it is"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1439.136,"endTime":1440.875,"body":"true that if we increase the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1440.875,"endTime":1442.734,"body":"inclusion of a fat that is not"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1442.734,"endTime":1444.653,"body":"well formulated, then cows will"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1444.653,"endTime":1446.452,"body":"get diarrhea. And that's very"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1446.452,"endTime":1448.251,"body":"well described in literature."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1448.251,"endTime":1450.17,"body":"And that's why when we increase"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1450.17,"endTime":1452.089,"body":"the fat, it's crucial that that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1452.089,"endTime":1453.768,"body":"fat must be of, uh, must be"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1453.768,"endTime":1455.627,"body":"extremely well formulated, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1455.627,"endTime":1457.546,"body":"in terms of fatty acid profile,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1457.546,"endTime":1459.464,"body":"but also triglyceride structure"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1459.464,"endTime":1461.323,"body":"and also all the technological"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1461.323,"endTime":1463.302,"body":"aspects of the fat incorporation"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1463.302,"endTime":1465.101,"body":"in the in the powder are also"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1465.101,"endTime":1466.9,"body":"crucial. And technologically,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1466.9,"endTime":1468.879,"body":"this is very difficult to do. So"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1468.879,"endTime":1470.678,"body":"it's not something that every"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1470.678,"endTime":1472.417,"body":"company can do. So it's just"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1472.417,"endTime":1474.396,"body":"easier to feed high lactose milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1474.396,"endTime":1476.075,"body":"replacer because lactose is"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1476.075,"endTime":1477.694,"body":"lactose, calves can digest"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1477.694,"endTime":1479.553,"body":"lactose even at high level. So"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1479.553,"endTime":1481.532,"body":"it's a much safer option if, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1481.532,"endTime":1483.391,"body":"if we are not able to properly"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1483.391,"endTime":1484.53,"body":"formulate the fat."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1484.53,"endTime":1485.49,"body":"So, so standard"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1485.49,"endTime":1487.409,"body":"milk powder as it was, what was"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1487.409,"endTime":1489.208,"body":"the sort of the spread of the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1489.208,"endTime":1491.187,"body":"fats? Was it like, I don't know,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1491.187,"endTime":1493.166,"body":"C12 to C20? And you've then sort"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1493.166,"endTime":1494.905,"body":"of filled in some of the gap"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1494.905,"endTime":1496.824,"body":"below. How does that compare to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1496.824,"endTime":1498.383,"body":"what the spread is on. Um"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1498.383,"endTime":1500.242,"body":"natural milk. Normal milk then"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1500.242,"endTime":1501.741,"body":"milk. Whole normal milk."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1501.741,"endTime":1502.76,"body":"So um whole milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1502.76,"endTime":1504.739,"body":"or the milk. Fat is actually the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1504.739,"endTime":1506.718,"body":"most complex of all natural fat."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1506.718,"endTime":1508.217,"body":"It contains four hundred"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1508.217,"endTime":1510.136,"body":"different fatty acids. And it's"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1510.136,"endTime":1512.115,"body":"not well known what each of them"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1512.115,"endTime":1513.614,"body":"are doing. And it's very"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1513.614,"endTime":1515.233,"body":"difficult to study them in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1515.233,"endTime":1517.212,"body":"isolation. So what we do is that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1517.212,"endTime":1518.891,"body":"we try to match the overall"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1518.891,"endTime":1520.87,"body":"fatty acid profile. And it's the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1520.87,"endTime":1522.849,"body":"same thing that is done with the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1522.849,"endTime":1524.708,"body":"infant formula. They also work"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1524.708,"endTime":1526.627,"body":"with blends of palm and coconut"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1526.627,"endTime":1528.426,"body":"oil. Uh, and then roughly, if"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1528.426,"endTime":1530.345,"body":"you want to balance the overall"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1530.345,"endTime":1532.204,"body":"ratio for the medium chain and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1532.204,"endTime":1534.063,"body":"long chain and also the source"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1534.063,"endTime":1535.862,"body":"of fatty acid, we need thirty"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1535.862,"endTime":1537.661,"body":"five percent coconut oil, not"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1537.661,"endTime":1539.4,"body":"less, and sixty five percent"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1539.4,"endTime":1541.379,"body":"palm. And that allows us to have"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1541.379,"endTime":1543.118,"body":"a balanced profile that will"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1543.118,"endTime":1545.097,"body":"have an excellent digestibility."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1545.097,"endTime":1546.476,"body":"If the fat is properly"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1546.476,"endTime":1548.095,"body":"incorporated in the in the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1548.095,"endTime":1549.954,"body":"powder. Um, we identified that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1549.954,"endTime":1551.753,"body":"some fatty acids were missing"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1551.753,"endTime":1553.612,"body":"because they only exist in the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1553.612,"endTime":1555.471,"body":"milk of mammalian species. And"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1555.471,"endTime":1557.45,"body":"for example, if we take um, cars"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1557.45,"endTime":1559.129,"body":"and small ruminants, uh, we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1559.129,"endTime":1561.048,"body":"identified that there was a gap"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1561.048,"endTime":1562.787,"body":"with the short chain. So the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1562.787,"endTime":1564.346,"body":"butyric acid and also the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1564.346,"endTime":1566.265,"body":"caproic acid, which is a medium"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1566.265,"endTime":1568.184,"body":"chain fatty acids. And there is"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1568.184,"endTime":1569.923,"body":"extensive literature showing"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1569.923,"endTime":1571.782,"body":"that those two fatty acids are"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1571.782,"endTime":1573.281,"body":"really important for the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1573.281,"endTime":1574.96,"body":"development of the gut, the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1574.96,"endTime":1576.759,"body":"intestines, the rumen for the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1576.759,"endTime":1578.618,"body":"immune system, for the insulin"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1578.618,"endTime":1580.477,"body":"sensitivity. So this is really"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1580.477,"endTime":1582.276,"body":"crucial. But technologically,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1582.276,"endTime":1584.195,"body":"it's very hard to restore those"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1584.195,"endTime":1585.934,"body":"fatty acids in a marketplace"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1585.934,"endTime":1587.733,"body":"because we can't extract them"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1587.733,"endTime":1589.592,"body":"from milk fat. So we must work"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1589.592,"endTime":1591.211,"body":"with compounds like sodium"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1591.211,"endTime":1593.19,"body":"butyrate or with tributyrin that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1593.19,"endTime":1595.169,"body":"will cause olfactive problems to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1595.169,"endTime":1597.088,"body":"the powder. So in the industry,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1597.088,"endTime":1598.887,"body":"they are, it's common to find"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1598.887,"endTime":1600.866,"body":"sodium butyrate, but at very low"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1600.866,"endTime":1602.545,"body":"amounts. And we developed a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1602.545,"endTime":1604.464,"body":"patented technology that allows"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1604.464,"endTime":1606.443,"body":"us to restore a natural level of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1606.443,"endTime":1608.362,"body":"C4 and C6 for the future in our"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1608.362,"endTime":1610.22,"body":"marketplace, our products. And"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1610.22,"endTime":1611.9,"body":"we found that it was hugely"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1611.9,"endTime":1613.639,"body":"beneficial for for calves in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1613.639,"endTime":1615.498,"body":"terms of development, in terms"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1615.498,"endTime":1617.177,"body":"of health, and also for the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1617.177,"endTime":1617.896,"body":"metabolism."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1617.896,"endTime":1618.856,"body":"Again, it comes"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1618.856,"endTime":1620.535,"body":"back to health, doesn't it?"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1620.535,"endTime":1621.254,"body":"Yes. So the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1621.254,"endTime":1623.173,"body":"biggest effect we observed, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1623.173,"endTime":1625.032,"body":"initially, we focused a lot on"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1625.032,"endTime":1627.011,"body":"the Roman development because we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1627.011,"endTime":1628.75,"body":"observed that five weeks old"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1628.75,"endTime":1630.729,"body":"cars that did not have access to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1630.729,"endTime":1632.468,"body":"solid food would have a more"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1632.468,"endTime":1634.327,"body":"developed rumen, which is very"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1634.327,"endTime":1636.126,"body":"interesting because again, it"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1636.126,"endTime":1637.925,"body":"goes against what we think of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1637.925,"endTime":1639.844,"body":"the development of the gut of a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1639.844,"endTime":1641.643,"body":"calf, and that has to do with"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1641.643,"endTime":1643.382,"body":"the type of butyrate that we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1643.382,"endTime":1645.121,"body":"were feeding. So we are very"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1645.121,"endTime":1646.68,"body":"excited and we are really"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1646.68,"endTime":1648.539,"body":"focusing on that. But actually"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1648.539,"endTime":1650.038,"body":"the biggest and the most"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1650.038,"endTime":1651.897,"body":"consistent effect we get is on"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1651.897,"endTime":1653.276,"body":"health, gut health and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1653.276,"endTime":1654.476,"body":"respiratory health."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1654.476,"endTime":1655.555,"body":"So I guess if the"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1655.555,"endTime":1657.294,"body":"gut is healthy, it's able to"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1657.294,"endTime":1659.093,"body":"absorb those nutrients better"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1659.093,"endTime":1660.952,"body":"and, and everything else. So I"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1660.952,"endTime":1662.571,"body":"guess you can see why that"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1662.571,"endTime":1664.25,"body":"perhaps has such an impact."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1664.25,"endTime":1665.27,"body":"Yes. And we know"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1665.27,"endTime":1667.189,"body":"from literature that there is a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1667.189,"endTime":1668.688,"body":"strong link between, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1668.688,"endTime":1670.187,"body":"diarrhea and respiratory"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1670.187,"endTime":1671.866,"body":"disease. So cars that had a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1671.866,"endTime":1673.725,"body":"diarrhea episode are two point"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1673.725,"endTime":1675.284,"body":"five times more likely to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1675.284,"endTime":1676.124,"body":"develop Gerd."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1676.124,"endTime":1676.963,"body":"I didn't know"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1676.963,"endTime":1677.323,"body":"that."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1677.323,"endTime":1678.462,"body":"The gut lung axis."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1678.462,"endTime":1678.762,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1678.762,"endTime":1679.902,"body":"Every every day is"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1679.902,"endTime":1681.701,"body":"a school day. So any car that"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1681.701,"endTime":1683.56,"body":"has scours has a much stronger"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1683.56,"endTime":1684.939,"body":"chance of getting, uh,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1684.939,"endTime":1686.738,"body":"respiratory diseases as well."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1686.738,"endTime":1687.457,"body":"And in some"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1687.457,"endTime":1689.137,"body":"references, it's even three"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1689.137,"endTime":1690.995,"body":"times higher likelihood to, to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1690.995,"endTime":1692.854,"body":"develop a respiratory disease."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1692.854,"endTime":1694.713,"body":"And this is because the mucosa"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1694.713,"endTime":1696.392,"body":"of the gut and the lung are"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1696.392,"endTime":1698.012,"body":"connected to the mucosa is"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1698.012,"endTime":1699.751,"body":"connected, but also the, the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1699.751,"endTime":1701.55,"body":"immune system of both. Um and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1701.55,"endTime":1703.289,"body":"that's why we see this, this"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1703.289,"endTime":1705.208,"body":"strong effect or that's what we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1705.208,"endTime":1707.186,"body":"suspect. And we will, um, now we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1707.186,"endTime":1709.045,"body":"invest in that in our research"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1709.045,"endTime":1710.545,"body":"program to properly, um,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1710.545,"endTime":1711.984,"body":"understand what are the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1711.984,"endTime":1713.243,"body":"biological pathways?"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1713.243,"endTime":1714.143,"body":"I mean, that's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1714.143,"endTime":1716.062,"body":"quite significant, isn't it? So"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1716.062,"endTime":1718.04,"body":"it really shows that again, like"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1718.04,"endTime":1719.959,"body":"you're talking about, you can't"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1719.959,"endTime":1721.518,"body":"feed high volumes of poor"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1721.518,"endTime":1722.898,"body":"quality powder. What a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1722.898,"endTime":1724.877,"body":"difference it makes. I mean, you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1724.877,"endTime":1726.376,"body":"know, immediately you're"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1726.376,"endTime":1728.235,"body":"thinking about gut development"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1728.235,"endTime":1729.974,"body":"room and development, all of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1729.974,"endTime":1731.953,"body":"these things. And not even in my"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1731.953,"endTime":1733.812,"body":"head was I thinking, what does"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1733.812,"endTime":1735.731,"body":"that affect have on the rest of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1735.731,"endTime":1737.47,"body":"the the calf and in terms of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1737.47,"endTime":1739.389,"body":"the, the lungs and all of these"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1739.389,"endTime":1741.367,"body":"kinds of things? And I know, you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1741.367,"endTime":1743.286,"body":"know, take it a step further. I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1743.286,"endTime":1745.205,"body":"know I've quoted it before, but"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1745.205,"endTime":1747.004,"body":"I know I heard Alex back at a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1747.004,"endTime":1748.983,"body":"conference maybe two summers ago"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1748.983,"endTime":1750.902,"body":"now is it, I think, I think and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1750.902,"endTime":1752.821,"body":"he basically went, well, if you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1752.821,"endTime":1754.8,"body":"get calf pneumonia, you might as"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1754.8,"endTime":1756.779,"body":"well just get rid of it then and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1756.779,"endTime":1758.518,"body":"there. And and you know, the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1758.518,"endTime":1760.257,"body":"gasp in the room. But I know"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1760.257,"endTime":1762.116,"body":"what he was saying in terms of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1762.116,"endTime":1763.795,"body":"the first losses, your your"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1763.795,"endTime":1765.654,"body":"biggest and usually those that"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1765.654,"endTime":1767.573,"body":"suffer like bad pneumonia don't"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1767.573,"endTime":1769.432,"body":"they struggle don't they. Once"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1769.432,"endTime":1771.291,"body":"they calve down, they struggle"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1771.291,"endTime":1773.03,"body":"because they've not got that"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1773.03,"endTime":1773.809,"body":"development."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1773.809,"endTime":1774.829,"body":"And actually the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1774.829,"endTime":1776.628,"body":"lung scanning is used in some"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1776.628,"endTime":1778.247,"body":"countries as a criteria to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1778.247,"endTime":1780.226,"body":"select a replacement heifers. So"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1780.226,"endTime":1781.965,"body":"it's not just about how sick"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1781.965,"endTime":1783.824,"body":"they are going to be, how much"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1783.824,"endTime":1785.503,"body":"medication will be used for"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1785.503,"endTime":1787.302,"body":"respiratory disease. But it's"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1787.302,"endTime":1789.101,"body":"also the long term effect for"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":1789.101,"endTime":1790.84,"body":"the whole production system."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1790.84,"endTime":1791.739,"body":"Is that. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1791.739,"endTime":1793.598,"body":"because lung, lung scanning is"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1793.598,"endTime":1795.157,"body":"starting to take off here"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1795.157,"endTime":1796.897,"body":"really, isn't it? It's not I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1796.897,"endTime":1798.755,"body":"don't think every vet practice"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1798.755,"endTime":1800.614,"body":"offers it yet, but it's slowly"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1800.614,"endTime":1802.473,"body":"starting to take off here more"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1802.473,"endTime":1804.392,"body":"and more. And um, I know it was"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1804.392,"endTime":1806.131,"body":"somewhere recently trying to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1806.131,"endTime":1808.11,"body":"think where it was and they were"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1808.11,"endTime":1809.969,"body":"sort of saying, you know, that"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1809.969,"endTime":1811.888,"body":"the lung scanning had picked up"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1811.888,"endTime":1813.687,"body":"some damage they weren't even"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1813.687,"endTime":1815.306,"body":"aware of. Um, but yeah, if"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1815.306,"endTime":1817.225,"body":"people are then using that as a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1817.225,"endTime":1819.204,"body":"determining factor for which are"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1819.204,"endTime":1821.063,"body":"your replacements and which of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1821.063,"endTime":1822.922,"body":"your not, it just shows it all"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1822.922,"endTime":1824.781,"body":"ties in significantly, doesn't"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":1824.781,"endTime":1825.021,"body":"it?"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1825.021,"endTime":1826.22,"body":"I just want to pick"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1826.22,"endTime":1828.019,"body":"up on this gut health and gut"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1828.019,"endTime":1829.518,"body":"development bit, because"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1829.518,"endTime":1831.497,"body":"obviously that's something that,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1831.497,"endTime":1833.476,"body":"um, when we historically thought"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1833.476,"endTime":1835.035,"body":"of, um, feeding more milk"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1835.035,"endTime":1837.014,"body":"replacers, we were worried about"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1837.014,"endTime":1838.873,"body":"that gut and rumen development"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1838.873,"endTime":1840.672,"body":"that because it's then eating"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1840.672,"endTime":1842.531,"body":"less concentrate and therefore"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1842.531,"endTime":1844.15,"body":"we're not getting that gut"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1844.15,"endTime":1845.589,"body":"development. So this is"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1845.589,"endTime":1847.508,"body":"obviously really quite defining"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1847.508,"endTime":1849.367,"body":"in that, that that actually it"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1849.367,"endTime":1851.046,"body":"helps us to be able to feed"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1851.046,"endTime":1852.665,"body":"that, uh, that higher milk"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1852.665,"endTime":1854.524,"body":"volume, but still get our room"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1854.524,"endTime":1856.383,"body":"and development that we really"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":1856.383,"endTime":1856.743,"body":"need."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1856.743,"endTime":1857.643,"body":"Yeah. And I do"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1857.643,"endTime":1859.562,"body":"think that's a really important"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1859.562,"endTime":1861.421,"body":"point because we've now talked"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1861.421,"endTime":1862.74,"body":"quite a lot about fat"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1862.74,"endTime":1864.719,"body":"composition. And I think just to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1864.719,"endTime":1866.398,"body":"touch on when we talk about"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1866.398,"endTime":1868.197,"body":"diarrhoea and pneumonia, when"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1868.197,"endTime":1870.176,"body":"you look at what are the biggest"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1870.176,"endTime":1871.915,"body":"challenges in the calf shed,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1871.915,"endTime":1873.294,"body":"they are diarrhoea and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1873.294,"endTime":1874.973,"body":"pneumonia. When you look at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1874.973,"endTime":1876.952,"body":"instance levels across Europe, I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1876.952,"endTime":1878.691,"body":"think the incidence level of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1878.691,"endTime":1880.55,"body":"diarrhoea is around fifteen to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1880.55,"endTime":1882.529,"body":"twenty percent of calves. And we"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1882.529,"endTime":1884.508,"body":"know that a case of diarrhoea um"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1884.508,"endTime":1886.187,"body":"can be sixty to one hundred"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1886.187,"endTime":1887.866,"body":"euros even if you. And that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1887.866,"endTime":1889.665,"body":"excludes mortality. So if you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1889.665,"endTime":1891.404,"body":"lose a calf the cost will be"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1891.404,"endTime":1893.203,"body":"higher. Like Julia said, the,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1893.203,"endTime":1895.062,"body":"the risk of um developing bird"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1895.062,"endTime":1896.681,"body":"is then two to three times"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1896.681,"endTime":1898.18,"body":"higher. We know that the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1898.18,"endTime":1900.159,"body":"respiratory disease incidence is"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1900.159,"endTime":1901.718,"body":"ten to fifteen percent of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1901.718,"endTime":1903.637,"body":"calves. I think that's that's a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1903.637,"endTime":1905.556,"body":"fairly low incidence as well. I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1905.556,"endTime":1907.415,"body":"think a lot of us may say, and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1907.415,"endTime":1908.914,"body":"we know that the cost of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1908.914,"endTime":1910.893,"body":"respiratory disease is eighty to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1910.893,"endTime":1912.812,"body":"one hundred and fifty euros per"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1912.812,"endTime":1914.791,"body":"case of respiratory disease. But"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1914.791,"endTime":1916.71,"body":"then actually the impact on the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1916.71,"endTime":1918.509,"body":"pen mates. So if they're in a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1918.509,"endTime":1920.248,"body":"group of ten, it's twenty to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1920.248,"endTime":1922.227,"body":"forty euros per pen mate. So all"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1922.227,"endTime":1924.146,"body":"of a sudden with one a group of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1924.146,"endTime":1926.005,"body":"ten calves with one clinically"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1926.005,"endTime":1927.984,"body":"sick calf, you can be looking at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1927.984,"endTime":1929.783,"body":"two hundred and sixty to five"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1929.783,"endTime":1931.641,"body":"hundred euros. So when we talk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1931.641,"endTime":1933.5,"body":"about return on investment and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1933.5,"endTime":1935.479,"body":"we're talking about feeding more"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1935.479,"endTime":1937.398,"body":"milk, and I think we need to go"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1937.398,"endTime":1939.257,"body":"back and touch on feeding more"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1939.257,"endTime":1940.996,"body":"energy in a sense, because I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1940.996,"endTime":1942.795,"body":"think that's really important"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1942.795,"endTime":1944.414,"body":"because that shows massive"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1944.414,"endTime":1946.333,"body":"benefits. But actually all of a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1946.333,"endTime":1948.192,"body":"sudden, if you have big health"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1948.192,"endTime":1950.051,"body":"impacts, um, you can have some"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1950.051,"endTime":1951.55,"body":"big cost savings too. So"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1951.55,"endTime":1953.469,"body":"actually that extra two hundred"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1953.469,"endTime":1955.388,"body":"to three hundred pounds per ton"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1955.388,"endTime":1957.247,"body":"of milk replacer when you work"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1957.247,"endTime":1959.166,"body":"it back. Maybe fifteen quid per"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1959.166,"endTime":1960.905,"body":"calf. But actually, when you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1960.905,"endTime":1962.584,"body":"compare it to reducing your"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1962.584,"endTime":1964.443,"body":"pneumonia incidence, promoting"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1964.443,"endTime":1965.942,"body":"your, your, um, diarrhea"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1965.942,"endTime":1967.382,"body":"instance, the return on"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1967.382,"endTime":1969.3,"body":"investment is absolutely there."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1969.3,"endTime":1971.099,"body":"And that's before we start to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1971.099,"endTime":1972.599,"body":"look at, um, some of the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1972.599,"endTime":1974.578,"body":"benefits as well. Um, because if"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1974.578,"endTime":1976.137,"body":"you start to look at, for"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1976.137,"endTime":1977.636,"body":"example, the benefits of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1977.636,"endTime":1979.615,"body":"feeding, uh, more milk, Juliette"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1979.615,"endTime":1981.594,"body":"mentioned, um, our trial, uh, we"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1981.594,"endTime":1983.393,"body":"refer to it as our Kempenshof"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1983.393,"endTime":1985.252,"body":"trial, but it was published, I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1985.252,"endTime":1987.111,"body":"think last year in the Journal"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1987.111,"endTime":1988.97,"body":"of Dairy Science. And we fed a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1988.97,"endTime":1990.948,"body":"heifer calves either four liters"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1990.948,"endTime":1992.867,"body":"or eight liters. But one of our"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1992.867,"endTime":1994.726,"body":"researchers actually quoted it"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1994.726,"endTime":1996.465,"body":"as one of the most impactful"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1996.465,"endTime":1997.965,"body":"data sets for those also"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1997.965,"endTime":1999.883,"body":"interested in sustainability of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":1999.883,"endTime":2001.503,"body":"dairy production. So we've"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2001.503,"endTime":2003.062,"body":"talked a little bit about"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2003.062,"endTime":2004.741,"body":"disease costs. But when you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2004.741,"endTime":2006.54,"body":"start to look at greater milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2006.54,"endTime":2008.399,"body":"performance in milk production"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2008.399,"endTime":2009.778,"body":"in first lactation and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2009.778,"endTime":2011.757,"body":"subsequent lactation, um, we saw"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2011.757,"endTime":2013.136,"body":"sort of a greater milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2013.136,"endTime":2014.695,"body":"performance of the second"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2014.695,"endTime":2016.374,"body":"lactating cows of being one"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2016.374,"endTime":2018.353,"body":"point eight kilos of fat protein"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2018.353,"endTime":2020.332,"body":"corrected milk, higher, an extra"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2020.332,"endTime":2022.191,"body":"fifty grams of milk fat yield."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2022.191,"endTime":2024.05,"body":"Um, and we saw a difference in"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2024.05,"endTime":2025.849,"body":"first service conception rate"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2025.849,"endTime":2027.648,"body":"and the likelihood to be cold"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2027.648,"endTime":2029.327,"body":"before the third, fourth or"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2029.327,"endTime":2031.126,"body":"fifth calving was halved when"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2031.126,"endTime":2033.105,"body":"the calves were fed eight litres"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2033.105,"endTime":2034.784,"body":"compared to four. So if you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2034.784,"endTime":2036.643,"body":"wanted to express that in sort"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2036.643,"endTime":2038.562,"body":"of an overall productivity way,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2038.562,"endTime":2040.421,"body":"you could calculate it back to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2040.421,"endTime":2041.86,"body":"being an improvement in"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2041.86,"endTime":2043.659,"body":"performance by four point two"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2043.659,"endTime":2045.338,"body":"kilos of animal per day for"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2045.338,"endTime":2047.317,"body":"that. So once you calculate that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2047.317,"endTime":2049.236,"body":"up. So all of a sudden, I think"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2049.236,"endTime":2051.155,"body":"I know I mentioned right at the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2051.155,"endTime":2052.834,"body":"beginning, we need to think"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2052.834,"endTime":2054.753,"body":"about calculating the return on"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2054.753,"endTime":2056.732,"body":"the investment. But feeding more"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2056.732,"endTime":2058.711,"body":"milk gives you investment moving"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2058.711,"endTime":2060.69,"body":"towards feeding more energy. And"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2060.69,"endTime":2062.668,"body":"this is where Juliette looked at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2062.668,"endTime":2064.647,"body":"increasing the fat fat inclusion"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2064.647,"endTime":2066.266,"body":"because increasing the fat"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2066.266,"endTime":2068.065,"body":"inclusion reduces the lactose"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2068.065,"endTime":2069.864,"body":"inclusion. That's the biggest"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2069.864,"endTime":2071.364,"body":"benefit because I think,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2071.364,"endTime":2073.103,"body":"Jeanette, you found a lot of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2073.103,"endTime":2074.962,"body":"there's a huge impact when you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2074.962,"endTime":2076.941,"body":"feed a high lactose products and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2076.941,"endTime":2078.68,"body":"when you try and feed a high"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2078.68,"endTime":2080.179,"body":"volume of a high lactose"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2080.179,"endTime":2081.918,"body":"product, that's when you can"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2081.918,"endTime":2083.477,"body":"really start to come into"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2083.477,"endTime":2085.336,"body":"problems. And I think that's a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2085.336,"endTime":2087.315,"body":"challenge that I see, and I know"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2087.315,"endTime":2089.294,"body":"my colleagues see is that people"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2089.294,"endTime":2091.213,"body":"will challenge us that actually"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2091.213,"endTime":2093.191,"body":"calves won't drink eight liters,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2093.191,"endTime":2094.99,"body":"they won't drink nine litres."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2094.99,"endTime":2096.849,"body":"They will if you feed them the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2096.849,"endTime":2098.768,"body":"right milk. If you're trying to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2098.768,"endTime":2100.567,"body":"feed them a high lactose milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2100.567,"endTime":2102.426,"body":"plate at high volumes, they're"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2102.426,"endTime":2104.045,"body":"not going to drink it. Um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2104.045,"endTime":2106.024,"body":"because of the impact on lactose"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2106.024,"endTime":2107.823,"body":"and osmotic pressure. And I'm"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2107.823,"endTime":2109.682,"body":"sure Juliette can explain that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2109.682,"endTime":2111.601,"body":"way more way better than I can,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2111.601,"endTime":2113.58,"body":"but I think it's having that fat"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2113.58,"endTime":2115.259,"body":"include increasing that fat"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2115.259,"endTime":2116.638,"body":"inclusion is massively"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2116.638,"endTime":2118.377,"body":"important. And then Juliette"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2118.377,"endTime":2120.057,"body":"said that altering that fat"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2120.057,"endTime":2121.975,"body":"composition is really taking it"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2121.975,"endTime":2123.595,"body":"to the next level as well."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2123.595,"endTime":2124.734,"body":"I was going to say"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2124.734,"endTime":2126.473,"body":"is, sorry, Juliette probably"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2126.473,"endTime":2128.392,"body":"gives us a better answer is why"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2128.392,"endTime":2130.371,"body":"we say it's not about growth. We"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2130.371,"endTime":2132.17,"body":"should remember it is as much"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2132.17,"endTime":2133.849,"body":"about growth at this stage,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2133.849,"endTime":2135.768,"body":"because your greatest return on"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2135.768,"endTime":2137.447,"body":"investment is when they are"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2137.447,"endTime":2139.126,"body":"calves. That's when most of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2139.126,"endTime":2140.865,"body":"their growth happens. That's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2140.865,"endTime":2142.784,"body":"when you're still effectively a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2142.784,"endTime":2144.763,"body":"monogastric. That's when they'll"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2144.763,"endTime":2146.622,"body":"have the best feed conversion."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2146.622,"endTime":2148.481,"body":"You want to be growing them as"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2148.481,"endTime":2150.34,"body":"much as you can while they are"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2150.34,"endTime":2152.199,"body":"on milk, because if you don't,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2152.199,"endTime":2154.058,"body":"it will cost you a lot more to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2154.058,"endTime":2155.977,"body":"make that gain later on because"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2155.977,"endTime":2157.776,"body":"they don't have the same feed"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2157.776,"endTime":2159.455,"body":"conversion efficiency, they"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2159.455,"endTime":2161.314,"body":"won't respond in the same way."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2161.314,"endTime":2163.232,"body":"So yes, while we're all talking"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2163.232,"endTime":2164.612,"body":"about health, which is"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2164.612,"endTime":2166.531,"body":"incredibly important, don't get"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2166.531,"endTime":2168.51,"body":"me wrong, and I still go back to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2168.51,"endTime":2170.428,"body":"say Laura said this three years"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2170.428,"endTime":2172.407,"body":"ago, it's we, you know, we can't"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2172.407,"endTime":2174.206,"body":"forget that that is when they"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2174.206,"endTime":2175.885,"body":"have their most significant"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2175.885,"endTime":2177.684,"body":"developments. And if we don't"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2177.684,"endTime":2179.244,"body":"get that right, it's just"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2179.244,"endTime":2180.863,"body":"setting them all up. And I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2180.863,"endTime":2182.662,"body":"suppose wearing my CowSignals"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2182.662,"endTime":2184.281,"body":"hat, we were talking about"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2184.281,"endTime":2186.26,"body":"sustainability. You know, again,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2186.26,"endTime":2188.239,"body":"it's if we push for that. Twenty"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2188.239,"endTime":2189.798,"body":"three twenty three was it"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2189.798,"endTime":2191.477,"body":"CowSignals if they calve at"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2191.477,"endTime":2193.336,"body":"twenty-three months and we can"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2193.336,"endTime":2195.135,"body":"extend the lactations to five"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2195.135,"endTime":2197.054,"body":"lactations, which again, all of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2197.054,"endTime":2198.973,"body":"this is what you're saying will"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2198.973,"endTime":2200.892,"body":"help do it reduces your methane"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2200.892,"endTime":2202.81,"body":"by thirty percent across across"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2202.81,"endTime":2204.729,"body":"the farm. Well, surely that's a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2204.729,"endTime":2206.348,"body":"big tick for everybody and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2206.348,"endTime":2208.088,"body":"everything for calves, cows,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2208.088,"endTime":2210.006,"body":"whatever. Um, I'll stop ranting"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2210.006,"endTime":2211.985,"body":"now. Sorry and let it go. Let us"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2211.985,"endTime":2213.964,"body":"go back to Juliette to give us a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2213.964,"endTime":2215.643,"body":"better description of what?"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2215.643,"endTime":2216.363,"body":"Just before"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2216.363,"endTime":2218.342,"body":"Juliette jumps in for fat levels"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2218.342,"endTime":2220.321,"body":"and composition there. I'll just"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2220.321,"endTime":2222.18,"body":"touch on that, Andrew, because"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2222.18,"endTime":2224.159,"body":"that's super important. And just"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2224.159,"endTime":2226.137,"body":"to add from our work, um, if you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2226.137,"endTime":2227.936,"body":"apply LifeStart principles on"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2227.936,"endTime":2229.915,"body":"farm, so you feed a higher level"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2229.915,"endTime":2231.654,"body":"of milk, um, it's been shown"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2231.654,"endTime":2233.573,"body":"through a life cycle assessment"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2233.573,"endTime":2235.192,"body":"through an LCA to have the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2235.192,"endTime":2236.991,"body":"potential to decrease climate"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2236.991,"endTime":2238.97,"body":"change potential of a dairy cow,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2238.97,"endTime":2240.889,"body":"um, in kilos of CO2 equivalents"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2240.889,"endTime":2242.688,"body":"by six percent. Um, so that's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2242.688,"endTime":2244.367,"body":"massive. So I'm, I'm a huge"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2244.367,"endTime":2246.346,"body":"advocate of sustainability. It's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2246.346,"endTime":2248.085,"body":"something that we talk a lot"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2248.085,"endTime":2249.884,"body":"about at Trouw Nutrition. But"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2249.884,"endTime":2251.743,"body":"for me, calves and heifers are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2251.743,"endTime":2253.662,"body":"the foundation of a sustainable"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2253.662,"endTime":2255.581,"body":"dairy production system. If you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2255.581,"endTime":2257.56,"body":"get your calf and heifer rearing"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2257.56,"endTime":2259.239,"body":"right, you can have massive"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2259.239,"endTime":2261.218,"body":"impacts. And I think six percent"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2261.218,"endTime":2263.137,"body":"is, um, more than achievable. I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2263.137,"endTime":2265.056,"body":"think in practice on farm, when"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2265.056,"endTime":2266.855,"body":"we can change a few different"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2266.855,"endTime":2268.774,"body":"things, milk type growth rates,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2268.774,"endTime":2270.573,"body":"age at first calving, you can"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2270.573,"endTime":2272.552,"body":"definitely achieve more than six"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2272.552,"endTime":2274.531,"body":"percent. Um, and we know that is"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2274.531,"endTime":2276.21,"body":"um, a KPI for a lot of milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2276.21,"endTime":2278.129,"body":"buyers and a focus for a lot of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2278.129,"endTime":2279.927,"body":"milk buyers going forward. So"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2279.927,"endTime":2281.906,"body":"yeah, I think sustainability is,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2281.906,"endTime":2283.106,"body":"is super important."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2283.106,"endTime":2284.125,"body":"Well, I remember"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2284.125,"endTime":2285.744,"body":"being at one of your Trouw"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2285.744,"endTime":2287.423,"body":"conferences and a couple of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2287.423,"endTime":2289.042,"body":"farmers who were speaking,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2289.042,"endTime":2290.602,"body":"saying, getting fed up of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2290.602,"endTime":2292.52,"body":"herding and sustainability. And"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2292.52,"endTime":2294.439,"body":"as soon as somebody said, well,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2294.439,"endTime":2295.879,"body":"how about we talk about"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2295.879,"endTime":2297.798,"body":"profitability? They went, there"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2297.798,"endTime":2299.537,"body":"we go. So anybody listening,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2299.537,"endTime":2301.515,"body":"think of it as profitability. If"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2301.515,"endTime":2303.195,"body":"you get your heifers right,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2303.195,"endTime":2304.454,"body":"you'll increase your"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2304.454,"endTime":2306.373,"body":"profitability because you won't"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2306.373,"endTime":2308.172,"body":"need the replacements, you'll"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2308.172,"endTime":2309.971,"body":"get better production. And it"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2309.971,"endTime":2311.89,"body":"all goes, it all starts. It all"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2311.89,"endTime":2313.389,"body":"starts from that moment."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2313.389,"endTime":2313.869,"body":"They're"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2313.869,"endTime":2315.608,"body":"intrinsically linked, aren't"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2315.608,"endTime":2315.967,"body":"they?"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2315.967,"endTime":2316.927,"body":"They definitely"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2316.927,"endTime":2318.786,"body":"are. Definitely are. So sorry,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2318.786,"endTime":2320.765,"body":"Juliette. We keep butting in and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2320.765,"endTime":2322.684,"body":"not giving you a chance, but we"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2322.684,"endTime":2324.663,"body":"were going to talk about lactose"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2324.663,"endTime":2326.402,"body":"compared to fats and various"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2326.402,"endTime":2328.381,"body":"other bits and pieces. So please"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2328.381,"endTime":2329.76,"body":"do tell us about them."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2329.76,"endTime":2330.479,"body":"So actually"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2330.479,"endTime":2332.338,"body":"before the lactose and the and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2332.338,"endTime":2334.257,"body":"the fat, there is another point"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2334.257,"endTime":2336.176,"body":"that's very important. And that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2336.176,"endTime":2337.915,"body":"goes back to the growth. You"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2337.915,"endTime":2339.894,"body":"mentioned how important it is to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2339.894,"endTime":2341.753,"body":"have good growth rate with the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2341.753,"endTime":2343.252,"body":"calves. So I find in the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2343.252,"endTime":2345.111,"body":"industry I hear that the milk,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2345.111,"endTime":2347.09,"body":"the composition of the milk from"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2347.09,"endTime":2348.649,"body":"dairy breeds is no longer"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2348.649,"endTime":2350.388,"body":"adapted to the physiological"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2350.388,"endTime":2352.007,"body":"requirements of the calves"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2352.007,"endTime":2353.806,"body":"because of the selection that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2353.806,"endTime":2355.545,"body":"took place. But actually the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2355.545,"endTime":2357.404,"body":"milk of dairy breed was mostly"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2357.404,"endTime":2359.263,"body":"selected on the milk yield and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2359.263,"endTime":2360.703,"body":"not so much on the milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2360.703,"endTime":2362.681,"body":"composition. And when we compare"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2362.681,"endTime":2364.66,"body":"the milk from Holstein to a beef"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2364.66,"endTime":2366.519,"body":"breed, we see that there are a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2366.519,"endTime":2368.438,"body":"lot of commonalities. There are"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2368.438,"endTime":2370.177,"body":"high in fat, they have a low"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2370.177,"endTime":2371.916,"body":"osmolality. The minerals are"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2371.916,"endTime":2373.595,"body":"quite similar, so it's very"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2373.595,"endTime":2375.334,"body":"balanced. And the proof that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2375.334,"endTime":2377.313,"body":"the. That whole milk is actually"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2377.313,"endTime":2379.232,"body":"adequate for a Holstein calf is"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2379.232,"endTime":2380.611,"body":"that there are data in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2380.611,"endTime":2382.171,"body":"literature published data"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2382.171,"endTime":2384.089,"body":"showing that when Holstein calf"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2384.089,"endTime":2385.948,"body":"is, is um, nursing, uh, by the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2385.948,"endTime":2387.867,"body":"dam in the first fourteen days,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2387.867,"endTime":2389.666,"body":"the ADG will be one point two"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2389.666,"endTime":2391.285,"body":"kilos per day. And this is"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2391.285,"endTime":2393.264,"body":"definitely not something that we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2393.264,"endTime":2395.243,"body":"commonly see on farms and in our"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2395.243,"endTime":2397.222,"body":"research facility. We also had a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2397.222,"endTime":2398.961,"body":"trial where we fed two times"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2398.961,"endTime":2400.82,"body":"four liters of whole milk, and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2400.82,"endTime":2402.619,"body":"the ADG in the first fourteen"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2402.619,"endTime":2404.298,"body":"days was a kilo a day. So I"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2404.298,"endTime":2405.917,"body":"think that there is also a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2405.917,"endTime":2407.836,"body":"problem with the reference that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2407.836,"endTime":2409.815,"body":"we have for a good growth in the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2409.815,"endTime":2411.674,"body":"industry, because we are happy"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2411.674,"endTime":2413.593,"body":"with much less. Uh, and also in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2413.593,"endTime":2415.572,"body":"some papers, calves are fed very"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2415.572,"endTime":2417.371,"body":"little. So one problem is how"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2417.371,"endTime":2419.29,"body":"much they are being fed and the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2419.29,"endTime":2421.269,"body":"other one is what they are being"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2421.269,"endTime":2421.569,"body":"fed."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2421.569,"endTime":2422.648,"body":"Okay. So in terms"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2422.648,"endTime":2424.627,"body":"we've discussed volumes. So what"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2424.627,"endTime":2426.126,"body":"are they being fed then?"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2426.126,"endTime":2428.105,"body":"Juliette. What, what, what's the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2428.105,"endTime":2430.024,"body":"difference between high lactose"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2430.024,"endTime":2430.863,"body":"and high fat."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2430.863,"endTime":2431.643,"body":"So regarding"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2431.643,"endTime":2433.442,"body":"the, the high lactose and the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2433.442,"endTime":2435.301,"body":"and the high fat, there can be"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2435.301,"endTime":2436.86,"body":"uh, when when we have big"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2436.86,"endTime":2438.839,"body":"macronutrient imbalances. It has"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2438.839,"endTime":2440.638,"body":"been well described in infant"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2440.638,"endTime":2442.317,"body":"nutrition that will lead to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2442.317,"endTime":2444.296,"body":"short term problems that what we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2444.296,"endTime":2446.275,"body":"see with the calves. And for the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2446.275,"endTime":2448.074,"body":"long term, we have the infant"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2448.074,"endTime":2449.933,"body":"nutrition work, uh, to explain"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2449.933,"endTime":2451.612,"body":"what type of problem we may"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2451.612,"endTime":2453.231,"body":"have. So in the short term"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2453.231,"endTime":2455.09,"body":"problem, when we have low fat,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2455.09,"endTime":2456.889,"body":"it means we have high lactose"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2456.889,"endTime":2458.748,"body":"because the formula has to add"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2458.748,"endTime":2460.547,"body":"up to one hundred percent and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2460.547,"endTime":2462.406,"body":"lactose is osmotically active."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2462.406,"endTime":2464.025,"body":"And because having low fat"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2464.025,"endTime":2465.824,"body":"lowers the energy density, we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2465.824,"endTime":2467.083,"body":"tend to increase the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2467.083,"endTime":2468.942,"body":"concentration to still provide"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2468.942,"endTime":2470.441,"body":"energy per liter of milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2470.441,"endTime":2472.12,"body":"replacer. And that leads to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2472.12,"endTime":2473.979,"body":"osmolality that are above four"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2473.979,"endTime":2475.838,"body":"hundred and fifty milliosmoles"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2475.838,"endTime":2477.697,"body":"per kilogram, while whole milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2477.697,"endTime":2479.496,"body":"and the milk of any mammalian"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2479.496,"endTime":2481.235,"body":"species will be around three"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2481.235,"endTime":2483.154,"body":"hundred three hundred and fifty"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2483.154,"endTime":2485.073,"body":"milligrams per kilogram. And we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2485.073,"endTime":2486.932,"body":"know from the infant nutrition"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2486.932,"endTime":2488.911,"body":"that we should not go above four"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2488.911,"endTime":2490.77,"body":"hundred and fifty milliosmoles"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2490.77,"endTime":2492.629,"body":"per kilogram. So if in a farm,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2492.629,"endTime":2494.488,"body":"we are concentrating milk that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2494.488,"endTime":2496.227,"body":"is high in lactose, that's a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2496.227,"endTime":2497.726,"body":"risky practice because a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2497.726,"endTime":2499.705,"body":"hypertonic liquid feed will slow"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2499.705,"endTime":2501.624,"body":"down the abomasal emptying, and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2501.624,"endTime":2503.603,"body":"that can be a risk for bloating."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2503.603,"endTime":2505.342,"body":"And I know in some countries"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2505.342,"endTime":2507.201,"body":"they are adept of the onceaday"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2507.201,"endTime":2508.46,"body":"feeding at very high"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2508.46,"endTime":2510.379,"body":"concentration, five hundred two"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2510.379,"endTime":2512.298,"body":"hundred grams per litre. That's"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2512.298,"endTime":2514.217,"body":"very risky. And also we can see"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2514.217,"endTime":2515.956,"body":"diarrhea because it's a feed"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2515.956,"endTime":2517.875,"body":"that's more osmotically active."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2517.875,"endTime":2519.854,"body":"So if it's coupled, for example,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2519.854,"endTime":2521.713,"body":"with bad housing conditions, I"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2521.713,"endTime":2523.512,"body":"think osmolality alone is not"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2523.512,"endTime":2525.431,"body":"necessarily, uh, something that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2525.431,"endTime":2527.23,"body":"will cause problem on a farm,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2527.23,"endTime":2529.089,"body":"but it's an extra risk factor."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2529.089,"endTime":2530.888,"body":"So if this adds up with other"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2530.888,"endTime":2532.507,"body":"problems on the farm, that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2532.507,"endTime":2534.426,"body":"becomes a risky practice. So as"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2534.426,"endTime":2536.285,"body":"Georgina always say, we should"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2536.285,"endTime":2538.264,"body":"try to control the controllable."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2538.264,"endTime":2539.283,"body":"And this is one."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2539.283,"endTime":2540.302,"body":"So Juliette, you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2540.302,"endTime":2542.042,"body":"mentioned a little bit about"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2542.042,"endTime":2543.841,"body":"lactose and some of the fats."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2543.841,"endTime":2545.699,"body":"What are you mentioned? If you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2545.699,"endTime":2547.678,"body":"feed too much lactose it has not"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2547.678,"endTime":2549.657,"body":"benefits. It has an effect. What"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2549.657,"endTime":2551.396,"body":"are some of these effects of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2551.396,"endTime":2553.195,"body":"feeding too much lactose long"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2553.195,"endTime":2554.874,"body":"term. And maybe if you were"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2554.874,"endTime":2556.493,"body":"feeding the fats long term"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2556.493,"endTime":2558.113,"body":"instead, what what are the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2558.113,"endTime":2559.972,"body":"benefits that these may bring?"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2559.972,"endTime":2560.871,"body":"Uh, so when it"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2560.871,"endTime":2562.79,"body":"comes to the long term effects,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2562.79,"endTime":2564.289,"body":"uh, so we know that, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2564.289,"endTime":2566.268,"body":"differences in, uh, milk feeding"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2566.268,"endTime":2568.067,"body":"plain, high, plain versus low"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2568.067,"endTime":2569.986,"body":"plain will affect the long term"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2569.986,"endTime":2571.785,"body":"performance of dairy cows. We"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2571.785,"endTime":2573.584,"body":"don't have such data with the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2573.584,"endTime":2575.563,"body":"milk composition, but if we look"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2575.563,"endTime":2577.302,"body":"at the work that was done in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2577.302,"endTime":2579.221,"body":"infant nutrition, that link has"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2579.221,"endTime":2581.08,"body":"been very well established. So"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2581.08,"endTime":2582.759,"body":"in the eighties, the infant"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2582.759,"endTime":2584.738,"body":"formulas used to be, uh, way too"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2584.738,"endTime":2586.717,"body":"high in the protein content. And"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2586.717,"endTime":2588.516,"body":"that's because they wanted to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2588.516,"endTime":2590.075,"body":"match the requirement for"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2590.075,"endTime":2591.574,"body":"essential amino acids of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2591.574,"endTime":2593.073,"body":"infants, but using dairy"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2593.073,"endTime":2594.632,"body":"protein. So they had good"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2594.632,"endTime":2596.611,"body":"intention. And that has led to a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2596.611,"endTime":2598.35,"body":"high protein level in infant"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2598.35,"endTime":2600.269,"body":"formula. And they observed that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2600.269,"endTime":2602.188,"body":"babies that were fed those high"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2602.188,"endTime":2603.927,"body":"protein infant formula, they"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2603.927,"endTime":2605.846,"body":"were growing faster in infancy,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2605.846,"endTime":2607.585,"body":"which is typically something"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2607.585,"endTime":2609.204,"body":"that we would view as very"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2609.204,"endTime":2611.123,"body":"positive with scars. And we see"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2611.123,"endTime":2613.042,"body":"it in some research papers that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2613.042,"endTime":2615.021,"body":"when we have a very high protein"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2615.021,"endTime":2617.0,"body":"molecule and sometimes also high"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2617.0,"endTime":2618.859,"body":"in lactose, that calves can be"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2618.859,"endTime":2620.718,"body":"numerically heavier. So we see"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2620.718,"endTime":2622.457,"body":"this as positive. but it was"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2622.457,"endTime":2624.316,"body":"shown in infant nutrition that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2624.316,"endTime":2625.995,"body":"this was causing a negative"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2625.995,"endTime":2627.494,"body":"effect on the whole body"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2627.494,"endTime":2629.233,"body":"metabolism. So those infants"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2629.233,"endTime":2630.912,"body":"that grew faster because of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2630.912,"endTime":2632.471,"body":"those high protein infant"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2632.471,"endTime":2634.39,"body":"formula, they had a much higher"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2634.39,"endTime":2636.309,"body":"risk of obesity at age eight in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2636.309,"endTime":2638.108,"body":"teenagehood in adulthood. And"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2638.108,"endTime":2640.027,"body":"that was coupled with more risk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2640.027,"endTime":2641.886,"body":"of cardiovascular problems and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2641.886,"endTime":2643.745,"body":"metabolic syndrome. Um, and if"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2643.745,"endTime":2645.304,"body":"we make the parallel with"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2645.304,"endTime":2647.223,"body":"calves. So we can really wonder"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2647.223,"endTime":2649.022,"body":"what are we doing when we are"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2649.022,"endTime":2650.881,"body":"feeding marketplaces with very"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2650.881,"endTime":2652.74,"body":"low fat, because it means that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2652.74,"endTime":2654.719,"body":"then we have too much lactose or"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2654.719,"endTime":2656.578,"body":"too much protein in some cases"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2656.578,"endTime":2658.557,"body":"in some countries. And, uh, what"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2658.557,"endTime":2660.296,"body":"has been described in infant"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2660.296,"endTime":2661.975,"body":"nutrition is that this will"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2661.975,"endTime":2663.954,"body":"promote the adipogenic activity."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2663.954,"endTime":2665.513,"body":"So there will be a higher"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2665.513,"endTime":2667.192,"body":"potential to become fat for"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2667.192,"endTime":2669.171,"body":"life. And we know that this is a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2669.171,"endTime":2670.91,"body":"major issue with, with dairy"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2670.91,"endTime":2672.349,"body":"cows in general for the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2672.349,"endTime":2674.328,"body":"management. So we really have to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2674.328,"endTime":2676.187,"body":"question ourselves when we are"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2676.187,"endTime":2678.046,"body":"feeding, uh, such marketplaces"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2678.046,"endTime":2679.605,"body":"when it's for replacement"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2679.605,"endTime":2680.145,"body":"heifers."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2680.145,"endTime":2680.924,"body":"So from what"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2680.924,"endTime":2682.663,"body":"you're saying, does it sound"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2682.663,"endTime":2684.402,"body":"like you follow human infant"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2684.402,"endTime":2686.261,"body":"nutrition quite a lot and then"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2686.261,"endTime":2688.06,"body":"go, ah, that's a good idea. I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2688.06,"endTime":2689.799,"body":"better go test that on a few"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2689.799,"endTime":2691.118,"body":"cows or a few calves."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2691.118,"endTime":2691.778,"body":"So I think"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2691.778,"endTime":2693.517,"body":"indeed, it's very healthy to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2693.517,"endTime":2695.316,"body":"look at other species because"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2695.316,"endTime":2696.935,"body":"sometimes they may be more"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2696.935,"endTime":2698.794,"body":"advanced or they may have more"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2698.794,"endTime":2700.713,"body":"capabilities in some areas, for"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2700.713,"endTime":2702.512,"body":"example, long term follow up."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2702.512,"endTime":2704.131,"body":"Um, so I look at both calf"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2704.131,"endTime":2705.93,"body":"literature, human literature,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2705.93,"endTime":2707.849,"body":"sometimes also piglets, because"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2707.849,"endTime":2709.528,"body":"for example, the osmolality"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2709.528,"endTime":2711.507,"body":"aspects have been widely studied"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2711.507,"endTime":2713.246,"body":"all across species. Um, so I"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2713.246,"endTime":2715.225,"body":"think it's very healthy and it's"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2715.225,"endTime":2717.204,"body":"important to also look at infant"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2717.204,"endTime":2719.183,"body":"nutrition because also they have"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2719.183,"endTime":2721.042,"body":"different objectives for them."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2721.042,"endTime":2722.661,"body":"It's, uh, health, uh, it's"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2722.661,"endTime":2724.46,"body":"healthy development. And it's"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2724.46,"endTime":2726.379,"body":"typically aspects that we would"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2726.379,"endTime":2727.938,"body":"like to integrate in calf"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2727.938,"endTime":2729.857,"body":"nutrition. And one other aspect"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2729.857,"endTime":2731.776,"body":"that we observed, uh, with high"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2731.776,"endTime":2733.635,"body":"lactose milk replacer is that,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2733.635,"endTime":2735.194,"body":"and that was mentioned by"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2735.194,"endTime":2737.053,"body":"Georgina, is that those calves"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2737.053,"endTime":2738.792,"body":"are hungry. Um, and it's not"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2738.792,"endTime":2740.531,"body":"just related with the energy"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2740.531,"endTime":2742.39,"body":"density, because if we correct"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2742.39,"endTime":2744.309,"body":"by the concentration for a same"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2744.309,"endTime":2745.988,"body":"energy density, we see that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2745.988,"endTime":2747.727,"body":"calves fed high lactose milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2747.727,"endTime":2749.646,"body":"replacer. They are very active."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2749.646,"endTime":2751.085,"body":"They have a very strong"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2751.085,"endTime":2752.944,"body":"anticipation of their milk. We"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2752.944,"endTime":2754.863,"body":"see that in the morning. Um and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2754.863,"endTime":2756.842,"body":"we also observed that uh, before"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2756.842,"endTime":2758.641,"body":"a meal, the leptin levels are"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2758.641,"endTime":2760.5,"body":"very low as compared to calves"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2760.5,"endTime":2762.119,"body":"fed high fat but also high"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2762.119,"endTime":2763.558,"body":"protein. So the lactose"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2763.558,"endTime":2765.117,"body":"specifically, uh, poses a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2765.117,"endTime":2766.976,"body":"problem with the regulation of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2766.976,"endTime":2768.775,"body":"society. Um, and that's a bit"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2768.775,"endTime":2770.574,"body":"sad if we look at calves that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2770.574,"endTime":2772.373,"body":"are already fed low plain and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2772.373,"endTime":2774.172,"body":"then, uh, this make them feel"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2774.172,"endTime":2776.031,"body":"hungrier. And we can also make"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2776.031,"endTime":2777.89,"body":"the parallel with children who"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2777.89,"endTime":2779.749,"body":"are drinking very sweet drinks"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2779.749,"endTime":2781.608,"body":"or soda. They may have a rash,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2781.608,"endTime":2783.407,"body":"be very active. And then soon"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2783.407,"endTime":2785.326,"body":"after that, uh, they're hungry."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2785.326,"endTime":2787.125,"body":"So it's not a good way to, to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2787.125,"endTime":2788.984,"body":"cover the, uh, the energy, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2788.984,"endTime":2790.723,"body":"on a daily basis. And we see"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2790.723,"endTime":2792.522,"body":"that it's also more stressful"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2792.522,"endTime":2793.481,"body":"during weaning."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2793.481,"endTime":2794.501,"body":"But I suppose as"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2794.501,"endTime":2796.42,"body":"you answer the question, it all"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2796.42,"endTime":2797.979,"body":"ties in. I think you said"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2797.979,"endTime":2799.958,"body":"earlier on, is it mammalian milk"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2799.958,"endTime":2801.577,"body":"is quite the makeup of it."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2801.577,"endTime":2803.376,"body":"Across species is it's fairly"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2803.376,"endTime":2805.355,"body":"standard. So actually, again, it"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2805.355,"endTime":2807.214,"body":"probably ties in nicely. If it"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2807.214,"endTime":2809.193,"body":"works for infants, it's probably"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2809.193,"endTime":2811.052,"body":"going to work for calves, it's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2811.052,"endTime":2812.971,"body":"going to work for piglets. It's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2812.971,"endTime":2814.83,"body":"all kind of very related, just"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2814.83,"endTime":2816.569,"body":"maybe being looked at from a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2816.569,"endTime":2818.248,"body":"different point of view and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2818.248,"endTime":2820.107,"body":"having had to com be feed both"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2820.107,"endTime":2822.086,"body":"children, um, and looking at the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2822.086,"endTime":2824.004,"body":"cost of milk powder. And that's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2824.004,"endTime":2825.983,"body":"obviously several years ago now,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2825.983,"endTime":2827.782,"body":"geez, that costs an arm and a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2827.782,"endTime":2829.641,"body":"leg. So somebody's making some"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2829.641,"endTime":2831.44,"body":"money already. It makes makes"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2831.44,"endTime":2833.299,"body":"calf milk powder look cheap in"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":2833.299,"endTime":2834.019,"body":"comparison."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2834.019,"endTime":2834.918,"body":"I think it's a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2834.918,"endTime":2836.657,"body":"really good point because it"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2836.657,"endTime":2838.396,"body":"just brings us back to using"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2838.396,"endTime":2840.195,"body":"Mother Nature as a biological"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2840.195,"endTime":2842.054,"body":"reference and in calf feeding."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2842.054,"endTime":2843.973,"body":"For so many years, we went away"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2843.973,"endTime":2845.772,"body":"from using Mother Nature as a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2845.772,"endTime":2847.631,"body":"biological reference. The calf"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2847.631,"endTime":2849.61,"body":"milk replacer industry was built"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2849.61,"endTime":2851.469,"body":"on using byproducts, which was"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2851.469,"endTime":2853.088,"body":"great at the time. Um, but"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2853.088,"endTime":2855.067,"body":"actually now we need to focus on"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2855.067,"endTime":2856.926,"body":"the requirements of that calf."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2856.926,"endTime":2858.725,"body":"Um, and what we can do to, to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2858.725,"endTime":2860.704,"body":"grow a robust and resilient calf"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2860.704,"endTime":2862.683,"body":"and using Mother Nature. Looking"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2862.683,"endTime":2864.602,"body":"at that biological reference is"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2864.602,"endTime":2866.401,"body":"massively important, I think,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":2866.401,"endTime":2868.08,"body":"for future future research."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2868.08,"endTime":2869.099,"body":"And I think it's"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2869.099,"endTime":2870.778,"body":"probably not only nutrition"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2870.778,"endTime":2872.517,"body":"where we look at human human"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2872.517,"endTime":2874.316,"body":"aspects. I think, um, sort of"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2874.316,"endTime":2876.235,"body":"putting my animal behaviour hat"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2876.235,"endTime":2878.154,"body":"on when I did my MSc and animal"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2878.154,"endTime":2879.953,"body":"behaviour, it was actually in"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2879.953,"endTime":2881.812,"body":"the um, it was actually in the"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2881.812,"endTime":2883.671,"body":"human um psychology department"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2883.671,"endTime":2885.35,"body":"that actually it's, it's no"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2885.35,"endTime":2887.269,"body":"different. We're all, we're all"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2887.269,"endTime":2889.248,"body":"social mammals. And actually we,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2889.248,"endTime":2891.167,"body":"we had a lot to understand from"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2891.167,"endTime":2893.026,"body":"um animal behaviour from, from"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2893.026,"endTime":2895.005,"body":"human behaviour. So I think it's"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2895.005,"endTime":2896.984,"body":"across um, across the board. Can"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2896.984,"endTime":2898.843,"body":"I just take a step back before"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2898.843,"endTime":2900.582,"body":"you go away from osmolality."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2900.582,"endTime":2902.501,"body":"Because I think that's probably"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2902.501,"endTime":2904.36,"body":"a word that isn't um in common"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2904.36,"endTime":2906.219,"body":"usage actually on farm. So can"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2906.219,"endTime":2907.898,"body":"we explain what that really"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2907.898,"endTime":2909.517,"body":"means? What's that? What's"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2909.517,"endTime":2911.316,"body":"actually happening in the gut"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2911.316,"endTime":2913.295,"body":"when osmolality is over that for"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2913.295,"endTime":2913.715,"body":"fifty."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2913.715,"endTime":2914.554,"body":"Sure. So, um,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2914.554,"endTime":2916.473,"body":"osmolality is the concentration"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2916.473,"endTime":2918.392,"body":"of osmotically active particles"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2918.392,"endTime":2920.251,"body":"in solution. Uh, and that will"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2920.251,"endTime":2922.17,"body":"affect how water is absorbed in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2922.17,"endTime":2923.969,"body":"the body. And, uh, adult, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2923.969,"endTime":2925.648,"body":"animals can make adaptative"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2925.648,"endTime":2927.267,"body":"responses to that, but for"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2927.267,"endTime":2928.826,"body":"neonates, it will be very"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2928.826,"endTime":2930.625,"body":"aggressive to the gut. It can"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2930.625,"endTime":2932.424,"body":"impair gut integrity. We have"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2932.424,"endTime":2934.103,"body":"shown it in a trial. So for"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2934.103,"endTime":2936.022,"body":"example, when we talk about the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2936.022,"endTime":2937.761,"body":"link between the gut and the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2937.761,"endTime":2939.38,"body":"lung. Uh, I'm sure I would"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2939.38,"endTime":2940.879,"body":"hypothesize that, uh, if"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2940.879,"endTime":2942.618,"body":"Christof had very hypertonic"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2942.618,"endTime":2944.357,"body":"liquid feed, I'm sure we can"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2944.357,"endTime":2946.156,"body":"also maybe see other problems"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2946.156,"endTime":2947.656,"body":"that can happen in those"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2947.656,"endTime":2949.335,"body":"animals. Um, so it's a very"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2949.335,"endTime":2951.314,"body":"aggressive practice for the gut."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2951.314,"endTime":2953.053,"body":"Um, and in some cases it can"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2953.053,"endTime":2954.912,"body":"cause diarrhea because the gut"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2954.912,"endTime":2956.831,"body":"will always tries to dilute the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2956.831,"endTime":2958.689,"body":"osmolality of the gut contents"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2958.689,"endTime":2960.369,"body":"to three hundred for better"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2960.369,"endTime":2962.048,"body":"absorption. Uh, but in this"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2962.048,"endTime":2963.967,"body":"process, uh, if curves are less"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2963.967,"endTime":2965.766,"body":"than three weeks of age, they"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2965.766,"endTime":2967.565,"body":"may not be able to do so, and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2967.565,"endTime":2969.124,"body":"that can cause a diarrhea"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2969.124,"endTime":2970.923,"body":"osmotic diarrhea. And I think"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2970.923,"endTime":2972.902,"body":"also osmotic diarrhea is a is an"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2972.902,"endTime":2974.401,"body":"open gate for infectious"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2974.401,"endTime":2976.38,"body":"diarrhea because we are lowering"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2976.38,"endTime":2978.179,"body":"the local, uh, different, um,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2978.179,"endTime":2978.778,"body":"defenses."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2978.778,"endTime":2979.918,"body":"So we also sort of"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2979.918,"endTime":2981.837,"body":"perhaps even dehydrating calves"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":2981.837,"endTime":2983.456,"body":"in that situation as well."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2983.456,"endTime":2984.475,"body":"So I don't think"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2984.475,"endTime":2986.394,"body":"we are dehydrating them because"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2986.394,"endTime":2988.373,"body":"they eventually, they will still"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2988.373,"endTime":2990.292,"body":"still be able to absorb. And we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2990.292,"endTime":2992.091,"body":"have, uh, we mostly sell high"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2992.091,"endTime":2993.95,"body":"lactose milk replacer and, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2993.95,"endTime":2995.749,"body":"we don't see diarrhea, uh, as"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2995.749,"endTime":2997.668,"body":"being a systemic problem with a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2997.668,"endTime":2999.587,"body":"high quality, high lactose milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":2999.587,"endTime":3001.146,"body":"replacer, but it's a risk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3001.146,"endTime":3003.005,"body":"practice. So in some cases, in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3003.005,"endTime":3004.324,"body":"some farms, uh, if we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3004.324,"endTime":3006.183,"body":"concentrate it too much, if we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3006.183,"endTime":3008.162,"body":"try to feed very high volume, it"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3008.162,"endTime":3010.141,"body":"can become a problem. And that's"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3010.141,"endTime":3012.06,"body":"why, uh, increasing the fat and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3012.06,"endTime":3013.919,"body":"lowering the lactose is safer."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3013.919,"endTime":3014.938,"body":"And, as you say,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3014.938,"endTime":3016.917,"body":"makes sense. It's what's got the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3016.917,"endTime":3018.416,"body":"best energy density fat."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3018.416,"endTime":3019.316,"body":"Yes. It's much"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3019.316,"endTime":3020.455,"body":"more energy dense."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3020.455,"endTime":3021.295,"body":"Yeah, it's no"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3021.295,"endTime":3023.274,"body":"different with the dairy cow. If"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3023.274,"endTime":3025.132,"body":"you're lacking a bit of energy"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3025.132,"endTime":3027.111,"body":"when you're doing the nutrition,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3027.111,"endTime":3028.97,"body":"sticking some again, the right"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3028.97,"endTime":3030.889,"body":"fat with the right profile. Um,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3030.889,"endTime":3032.508,"body":"but, but sticking a fat to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3032.508,"endTime":3034.247,"body":"increase that energy density"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3034.247,"endTime":3035.986,"body":"when you can't feed any more"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3035.986,"endTime":3037.965,"body":"starch or whatever it happens to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3037.965,"endTime":3038.205,"body":"be."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3038.205,"endTime":3039.105,"body":"And there's a,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3039.105,"endTime":3040.844,"body":"sorry, there's a lot of, um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3040.844,"endTime":3042.703,"body":"published data around, um, the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3042.703,"endTime":3044.682,"body":"benefits to feeding more fat, so"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3044.682,"endTime":3046.66,"body":"not just increasing um, lactose,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3046.66,"endTime":3048.579,"body":"for example, but increasing fat"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3048.579,"endTime":3050.498,"body":"has been shown to have multiple"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3050.498,"endTime":3052.297,"body":"benefits. Um, there's a paper"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3052.297,"endTime":3054.096,"body":"that looks at um calves fed a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3054.096,"endTime":3055.895,"body":"high level of fat having um a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3055.895,"endTime":3057.754,"body":"small intestine that was eight"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3057.754,"endTime":3059.613,"body":"to ten percent heavier. And we"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3059.613,"endTime":3061.412,"body":"know therefore it will have a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3061.412,"endTime":3063.331,"body":"greater capacity to digest, for"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3063.331,"endTime":3065.19,"body":"example, and absorb nutrients."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3065.19,"endTime":3067.109,"body":"We know there's a difference in"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3067.109,"endTime":3068.968,"body":"fecal scores. So if you feed a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3068.968,"endTime":3070.707,"body":"higher level of fat that the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3070.707,"endTime":3072.566,"body":"fecal scores, um, or there's a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3072.566,"endTime":3074.425,"body":"lower, I suppose, a lower risk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3074.425,"endTime":3076.344,"body":"of abnormal fecal scores within"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3076.344,"endTime":3078.203,"body":"those first few weeks. There's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3078.203,"endTime":3079.822,"body":"also the welfare aspect to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3079.822,"endTime":3081.621,"body":"consider, which I do think is"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3081.621,"endTime":3083.3,"body":"really important. And we at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3083.3,"endTime":3085.219,"body":"Trouw Nutrition talk about it a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3085.219,"endTime":3087.198,"body":"lot. But when you look at things"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3087.198,"endTime":3089.057,"body":"like hunger related behaviors,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3089.057,"endTime":3091.036,"body":"unrewarded visits to the feeder,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3091.036,"endTime":3092.835,"body":"when you feed a high fat milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3092.835,"endTime":3094.754,"body":"replacer, um, the that changes."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3094.754,"endTime":3096.313,"body":"There are less unrewarded"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3096.313,"endTime":3098.052,"body":"visits. And when you look at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3098.052,"endTime":3099.791,"body":"treatment rates, therapeutic"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3099.791,"endTime":3101.53,"body":"interventions, if you feed a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3101.53,"endTime":3103.209,"body":"high fat milk replacer, the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3103.209,"endTime":3105.008,"body":"therapeutic interventions are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3105.008,"endTime":3106.987,"body":"lower. So even just feeding more"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3106.987,"endTime":3108.906,"body":"milk and then feeding more of a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3108.906,"endTime":3110.585,"body":"high fat milk, there is all"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3110.585,"endTime":3112.324,"body":"these benefits listed in the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3112.324,"endTime":3114.303,"body":"literature. But still people are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3114.303,"endTime":3115.922,"body":"hesitant because they will"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3115.922,"endTime":3117.901,"body":"challenge us with high levels of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3117.901,"endTime":3119.82,"body":"milk and high energy. Won't eat"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3119.82,"endTime":3121.679,"body":"start it, they won't wean. And"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3121.679,"endTime":3123.538,"body":"all of those things really are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3123.538,"endTime":3125.397,"body":"myths we need to bust. We know"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3125.397,"endTime":3127.376,"body":"if we feed a high level of milk,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3127.376,"endTime":3129.234,"body":"the milk that's designed to be"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3129.234,"endTime":3131.153,"body":"fed at high levels, calves will"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3131.153,"endTime":3133.072,"body":"consume the volume. But also if"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3133.072,"endTime":3135.051,"body":"you wean appropriately, you can,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3135.051,"endTime":3136.85,"body":"um, manage that, that weaning"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3136.85,"endTime":3138.769,"body":"transition. Juliette said right"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3138.769,"endTime":3140.568,"body":"at the beginning, how we wean"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3140.568,"endTime":3142.427,"body":"reared calves versus calves on"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3142.427,"endTime":3144.226,"body":"the dam is very different. So"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3144.226,"endTime":3145.845,"body":"you have to have a planned"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3145.845,"endTime":3147.584,"body":"weaning approach and weaning"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3147.584,"endTime":3149.263,"body":"over at least three or four"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3149.263,"endTime":3151.182,"body":"weeks, making sure that you are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3151.182,"endTime":3152.861,"body":"taking it down in steps and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3152.861,"endTime":3154.66,"body":"making sure they're eating at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3154.66,"endTime":3156.339,"body":"least two and a half, three"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3156.339,"endTime":3158.318,"body":"kilos of starter before you take"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3158.318,"endTime":3159.698,"body":"milk away is massively"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3159.698,"endTime":3161.437,"body":"important, but you still see"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3161.437,"endTime":3162.876,"body":"those challenges in the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3162.876,"endTime":3164.675,"body":"industry. You still see don't"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3164.675,"endTime":3166.534,"body":"feed too much milk, don't feed"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3166.534,"endTime":3168.513,"body":"high levels of fat. And I really"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3168.513,"endTime":3170.192,"body":"think if you get everything"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3170.192,"endTime":3172.111,"body":"right, um, then it's absolutely"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3172.111,"endTime":3173.79,"body":"the winning combination. If"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3173.79,"endTime":3175.589,"body":"calves aren't feeding enough,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3175.589,"endTime":3177.088,"body":"the milk replacer is not"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3177.088,"endTime":3178.947,"body":"correct. If you're not able to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3178.947,"endTime":3180.746,"body":"get started feed into calves,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3180.746,"endTime":3182.665,"body":"you need to think about weaning"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3182.665,"endTime":3184.584,"body":"protocol. I think there isn't a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3184.584,"endTime":3186.503,"body":"blueprint for rearing cards, is"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3186.503,"endTime":3188.302,"body":"there? That absolutely isn't."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3188.302,"endTime":3190.221,"body":"But there are some fundamentals"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3190.221,"endTime":3192.02,"body":"that are evidence based, that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3192.02,"endTime":3193.759,"body":"have shown short, medium and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3193.759,"endTime":3195.677,"body":"long term benefits. And feeding"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3195.677,"endTime":3197.297,"body":"more milk and feeding more"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3197.297,"endTime":3199.096,"body":"energy are two clear ones for"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3199.096,"endTime":3199.335,"body":"me."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3199.335,"endTime":3200.415,"body":"And if I remember"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3200.415,"endTime":3201.854,"body":"right, your fats are at"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3201.854,"endTime":3203.593,"body":"twenty-five percent. Is that"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3203.593,"endTime":3205.212,"body":"right now? Is that because"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3205.212,"endTime":3207.071,"body":"that's the optimum, or is that"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3207.071,"endTime":3208.81,"body":"because that's when the cost"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3208.81,"endTime":3210.789,"body":"benefit is best? So if I turn to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3210.789,"endTime":3212.648,"body":"you and said, well, can I feed"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3212.648,"endTime":3214.627,"body":"thirty percent? Is it a case of,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3214.627,"endTime":3216.606,"body":"yeah, that'd be really good. But"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3216.606,"endTime":3218.525,"body":"actually the cost benefit isn't"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3218.525,"endTime":3220.204,"body":"there or why is twenty five"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3220.204,"endTime":3222.003,"body":"percent the figure that is in"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3222.003,"endTime":3223.202,"body":"the in the powders?"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3223.202,"endTime":3223.982,"body":"Yeah. So our"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3223.982,"endTime":3225.961,"body":"Energised Calf Milk range, which"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3225.961,"endTime":3227.82,"body":"was the high fat range that we"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3227.82,"endTime":3229.259,"body":"came out with in twenty"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3229.259,"endTime":3230.818,"body":"eighteen, our twenty five"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3230.818,"endTime":3232.437,"body":"percent fat and our latest"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3232.437,"endTime":3234.176,"body":"generation of, um, energized"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3234.176,"endTime":3236.155,"body":"calf milks that were brought out"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3236.155,"endTime":3237.894,"body":"over the last two years that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3237.894,"endTime":3239.753,"body":"include lactose fat pro or the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3239.753,"endTime":3241.372,"body":"fatty acid technology that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3241.372,"endTime":3243.351,"body":"Juliette's been discussing. They"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3243.351,"endTime":3245.21,"body":"are twenty six or twenty seven"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3245.21,"endTime":3246.889,"body":"percent fat, depending upon"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3246.889,"endTime":3248.568,"body":"which area of Europe you're"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3248.568,"endTime":3250.247,"body":"listening in. Um, and to be"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3250.247,"endTime":3251.806,"body":"completely honest, Andrew"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3251.806,"endTime":3253.725,"body":"Juliette very much indicated, I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3253.725,"endTime":3255.464,"body":"think, in one of her earlier"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3255.464,"endTime":3257.323,"body":"answers is that it's all to do"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3257.323,"endTime":3259.002,"body":"with, um, technology. Um, I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3259.002,"endTime":3260.501,"body":"think our focus at Trouw"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3260.501,"endTime":3262.24,"body":"Nutrition is to restore what"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3262.24,"endTime":3264.219,"body":"Mother Nature intended to, or to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3264.219,"endTime":3266.138,"body":"even, um, do better than Mother"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3266.138,"endTime":3267.937,"body":"Nature intended to. So we are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3267.937,"endTime":3269.856,"body":"absolutely trying to strive for"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3269.856,"endTime":3271.775,"body":"high fat. We know whole milk on"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3271.775,"endTime":3273.454,"body":"a dry matter basis would be"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3273.454,"endTime":3275.193,"body":"thirty to thirty two percent"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3275.193,"endTime":3276.932,"body":"fat, but it's all around the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3276.932,"endTime":3278.851,"body":"processing technologies. So how"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3278.851,"endTime":3280.71,"body":"that fat is, um, processed. So"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3280.71,"endTime":3282.629,"body":"how it's refined deodorized how"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3282.629,"endTime":3284.608,"body":"it's homogenized, how it's spray"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3284.608,"endTime":3286.467,"body":"dried, has a massive impact on"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3286.467,"endTime":3288.026,"body":"the digestibility and the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3288.026,"endTime":3289.825,"body":"availability to that calf. So"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3289.825,"endTime":3291.564,"body":"you can have two twenty five"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3291.564,"endTime":3293.423,"body":"percent fat powders, but their"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3293.423,"endTime":3295.402,"body":"digestibility in the end results"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3295.402,"endTime":3297.321,"body":"will be quite different. And as"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3297.321,"endTime":3299.3,"body":"Juliette said, the technology to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3299.3,"endTime":3300.859,"body":"spray dry a high fat skim"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3300.859,"endTime":3302.718,"body":"product is much more advanced,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3302.718,"endTime":3304.637,"body":"much more difficult than a high"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3304.637,"endTime":3306.616,"body":"lactose whey based product. So I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3306.616,"endTime":3308.175,"body":"think it's the processing"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3308.175,"endTime":3310.094,"body":"technology to develop the fatty"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3310.094,"endTime":3311.953,"body":"acid technology that we're now"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3311.953,"endTime":3313.872,"body":"including in milk Replacers. So"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3313.872,"endTime":3315.731,"body":"the shorter chain fatty acids,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3315.731,"endTime":3317.71,"body":"the benefits that we are seeing,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3317.71,"endTime":3319.568,"body":"we had to basically go back to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3319.568,"endTime":3321.367,"body":"the drawing board and look at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3321.367,"endTime":3323.286,"body":"how we did that. And that's why"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3323.286,"endTime":3324.846,"body":"we've got that's why it's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3324.846,"endTime":3326.525,"body":"patting pending technology,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3326.525,"endTime":3328.504,"body":"because spray drying and meeting"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3328.504,"endTime":3330.243,"body":"the minimum level to get the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3330.243,"endTime":3332.102,"body":"results that we want is really"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3332.102,"endTime":3333.721,"body":"important. Um, so it's all"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3333.721,"endTime":3335.7,"body":"around processing technology. So"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3335.7,"endTime":3337.379,"body":"hopefully as our processing"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3337.379,"endTime":3339.357,"body":"technology improves, um, we will"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3339.357,"endTime":3341.336,"body":"continue to lift DCM came out at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3341.336,"endTime":3343.135,"body":"twenty five percent. It's now"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3343.135,"endTime":3345.054,"body":"twenty six, twenty seven in the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3345.054,"endTime":3346.733,"body":"future. I'd love that to be"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3346.733,"endTime":3348.712,"body":"higher, obviously mindful of the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3348.712,"endTime":3350.511,"body":"market. Um, and, and where we"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3350.511,"endTime":3352.19,"body":"are sitting economically as"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3352.19,"endTime":3354.049,"body":"well. Um, but yeah, I think it"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3354.049,"endTime":3355.488,"body":"is fair to say that its"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3355.488,"endTime":3357.467,"body":"processing technology and making"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3357.467,"endTime":3359.027,"body":"sure the fat is in a milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3359.027,"endTime":3360.945,"body":"replacer in a digestible way or"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3360.945,"endTime":3362.924,"body":"digestible form is, is, um, less"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3362.924,"endTime":3364.663,"body":"of a limiting factor than it"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3364.663,"endTime":3366.462,"body":"used to be for our factories,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3366.462,"endTime":3368.081,"body":"but it still can be a huge"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3368.081,"endTime":3369.641,"body":"limiting factor for some."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3369.641,"endTime":3370.36,"body":"And when it"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3370.36,"endTime":3372.279,"body":"comes to the fat level, in milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3372.279,"endTime":3374.018,"body":"replacer, all my PhD studies"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3374.018,"endTime":3375.997,"body":"that have been published, we are"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3375.997,"endTime":3377.736,"body":"done at about thirty percent"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3377.736,"endTime":3379.655,"body":"fat. So we can go higher to get"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3379.655,"endTime":3381.514,"body":"closer to to whole milk in the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3381.514,"endTime":3381.994,"body":"future."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3381.994,"endTime":3382.893,"body":"Okay. Yeah. So"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3382.893,"endTime":3384.752,"body":"that's, that's interesting. As"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3384.752,"endTime":3386.131,"body":"you say, it's more the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3386.131,"endTime":3387.87,"body":"technology's holding us back"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3387.87,"endTime":3389.789,"body":"than it is anything else at the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3389.789,"endTime":3391.708,"body":"moment. But as we fill in those"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3391.708,"endTime":3393.387,"body":"gaps, like we have with the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3393.387,"endTime":3395.366,"body":"short chains, it will likely see"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3395.366,"endTime":3396.805,"body":"those continue to rise."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3396.805,"endTime":3397.765,"body":"So actually, we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3397.765,"endTime":3399.684,"body":"can already technologically, we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3399.684,"endTime":3401.603,"body":"can already be at around thirty"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3401.603,"endTime":3403.522,"body":"percent. We see that the calves"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3403.522,"endTime":3405.021,"body":"tolerate it really well."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3405.021,"endTime":3405.8,"body":"Georgina and"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3405.8,"endTime":3407.48,"body":"Juliette, earlier you spoke"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3407.48,"endTime":3409.398,"body":"about how your milk powders are"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3409.398,"endTime":3411.018,"body":"based on coconut and palm."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3411.018,"endTime":3412.697,"body":"What's the reasoning behind"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3412.697,"endTime":3414.676,"body":"that? Because obviously when you"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3414.676,"endTime":3416.235,"body":"look at other milk powder"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3416.235,"endTime":3418.154,"body":"labels, could be soya, could be"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3418.154,"endTime":3419.713,"body":"there's all sorts of, um,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3419.713,"endTime":3421.692,"body":"different ingredients that could"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3421.692,"endTime":3423.671,"body":"be used. Can you talk us through"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3423.671,"endTime":3425.35,"body":"why you use the coconut and"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3425.35,"endTime":3425.709,"body":"palm?"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3425.709,"endTime":3426.489,"body":"Yeah. So our"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3426.489,"endTime":3428.408,"body":"objective is to really mimic as"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3428.408,"endTime":3430.087,"body":"much as we can with the fat"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3430.087,"endTime":3431.826,"body":"sources available, the fatty"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3431.826,"endTime":3433.565,"body":"acid profile of bovine whole"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3433.565,"endTime":3435.424,"body":"milk. And we identified that a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3435.424,"endTime":3437.223,"body":"ratio of palm and coconut was"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3437.223,"endTime":3439.202,"body":"allowing us to get close to that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3439.202,"endTime":3441.001,"body":"profile. And, um, it has been"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3441.001,"endTime":3442.74,"body":"reported in literature that,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3442.74,"endTime":3444.599,"body":"that when we have large macro,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3444.599,"endTime":3446.518,"body":"large imbalances in the, in the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3446.518,"endTime":3448.197,"body":"fatty acid profile that can"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3448.197,"endTime":3449.996,"body":"cause diarrhea to calves. And"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3449.996,"endTime":3451.675,"body":"there is also a lot of data"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3451.675,"endTime":3453.594,"body":"showing that, uh, when the oils"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3453.594,"endTime":3455.153,"body":"are very unsaturated, for"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3455.153,"endTime":3456.892,"body":"example, with sunflower oil,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3456.892,"endTime":3458.691,"body":"cottonseed, uh, soya oil, um,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3458.691,"endTime":3460.31,"body":"that will lead to a marked"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3460.31,"endTime":3462.169,"body":"accumulation of cholesterol in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3462.169,"endTime":3464.028,"body":"the blood and in the organs of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3464.028,"endTime":3465.887,"body":"the calves. Um, so in terms of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3465.887,"endTime":3467.566,"body":"metabolism, this, this is a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3467.566,"endTime":3469.365,"body":"problem. And we see that with"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3469.365,"endTime":3471.224,"body":"rapeseed, uh, we, although the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3471.224,"endTime":3473.083,"body":"calves are doing very well, we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3473.083,"endTime":3475.002,"body":"start to observe such response."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3475.002,"endTime":3476.861,"body":"So we think that they don't do"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3476.861,"endTime":3478.42,"body":"well with a high level of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3478.42,"endTime":3480.099,"body":"unsaturation. Um and um and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3480.099,"endTime":3482.018,"body":"because of this accumulation of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3482.018,"endTime":3483.997,"body":"cholesterol, there is a big loss"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3483.997,"endTime":3485.916,"body":"of feed efficiency. Uh, and the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3485.916,"endTime":3487.775,"body":"further we go in the amount of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3487.775,"endTime":3489.754,"body":"polyunsaturated fatty acids, the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3489.754,"endTime":3491.613,"body":"worse this problem is going to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3491.613,"endTime":3493.232,"body":"get. And when we have high"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3493.232,"endTime":3494.911,"body":"inclusion of corn and these"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3494.911,"endTime":3496.77,"body":"types of oil, then we also see"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3496.77,"endTime":3498.689,"body":"diarrhea. So this is completely"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3498.689,"endTime":3500.668,"body":"not adequate for cars. And today"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3500.668,"endTime":3502.467,"body":"we consider that the best fat"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3502.467,"endTime":3504.386,"body":"combination is palm and coconut"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3504.386,"endTime":3506.304,"body":"or coconut and lard and coconut"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3506.304,"endTime":3507.924,"body":"can also be substituted by"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3507.924,"endTime":3509.663,"body":"insect oil. Um, but it's not"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3509.663,"endTime":3511.402,"body":"possible to have marketplace"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3511.402,"endTime":3513.261,"body":"without coconut or insect oil,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3513.261,"endTime":3515.24,"body":"because it means that the medium"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3515.24,"endTime":3517.098,"body":"chain fatty acids are going to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3517.098,"endTime":3518.778,"body":"be lacking. Uh, so that's a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3518.778,"endTime":3520.696,"body":"problem. And personally, I also"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3520.696,"endTime":3522.495,"body":"like lard because it's a very"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3522.495,"endTime":3524.235,"body":"saturated fat source. And it"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3524.235,"endTime":3526.153,"body":"allows us to get even closer to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3526.153,"endTime":3527.952,"body":"the triglyceride structure of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3527.952,"endTime":3528.492,"body":"Milkfat."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3528.492,"endTime":3529.751,"body":"I've not come across"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3529.751,"endTime":3531.73,"body":"lard before as a as a source. So"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3531.73,"endTime":3533.649,"body":"can you perhaps talk us through"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3533.649,"endTime":3535.508,"body":"perhaps. Why we don't see that"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3535.508,"endTime":3536.468,"body":"here in the UK?"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3536.468,"endTime":3537.427,"body":"So I think it's"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3537.427,"endTime":3539.406,"body":"for historical reasons regarding"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3539.406,"endTime":3541.145,"body":"regulation. It was banned in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3541.145,"endTime":3543.004,"body":"Europe. Now it's not the case."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3543.004,"endTime":3544.803,"body":"So we start to see it in some"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3544.803,"endTime":3546.782,"body":"countries again. So I think it's"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3546.782,"endTime":3548.761,"body":"a it's an interesting fat source"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3548.761,"endTime":3550.62,"body":"that may become more common in"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3550.62,"endTime":3552.539,"body":"the future because we also have"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3552.539,"endTime":3554.338,"body":"a concern sometimes with palm"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3554.338,"endTime":3555.417,"body":"oil with, um, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3555.417,"endTime":3557.396,"body":"sustainability. Um, so this is a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3557.396,"endTime":3559.135,"body":"nice alternative, which also"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3559.135,"endTime":3560.634,"body":"leads to, to really good"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3560.634,"endTime":3561.174,"body":"results."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3561.174,"endTime":3562.313,"body":"So we've been sort"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3562.313,"endTime":3564.292,"body":"of talking there about, um, what"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3564.292,"endTime":3566.211,"body":"whole milk, um, fat volume, fat"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3566.211,"endTime":3567.95,"body":"percentages, etc. versus our"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3567.95,"endTime":3569.869,"body":"milk replacer. Is it worth just"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3569.869,"endTime":3571.368,"body":"having that, that little"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3571.368,"endTime":3573.227,"body":"discussion about, um, that the"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3573.227,"endTime":3575.146,"body":"whole milk versus milk replacer"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3575.146,"endTime":3576.945,"body":"particularly, we heard Andrew"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3576.945,"endTime":3578.924,"body":"say that in the current economic"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3578.924,"endTime":3580.903,"body":"climate, there has been a slight"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3580.903,"endTime":3582.702,"body":"drive perhaps. I was going to"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3582.702,"endTime":3584.441,"body":"say backwards to using whole"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3584.441,"endTime":3586.3,"body":"milk. Can we perhaps hear your"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3586.3,"endTime":3587.379,"body":"views on on that?"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3587.379,"endTime":3588.219,"body":"Yeah. I think"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3588.219,"endTime":3589.898,"body":"currently economically, um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3589.898,"endTime":3591.877,"body":"depending upon where you are, um"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3591.877,"endTime":3593.376,"body":"farmgate milk prices are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3593.376,"endTime":3594.815,"body":"challenge. We know milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3594.815,"endTime":3596.554,"body":"replacers are expensive, but"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3596.554,"endTime":3598.533,"body":"particularly, um high skim, high"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3598.533,"endTime":3600.452,"body":"fat quality milk replacers. Um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3600.452,"endTime":3602.431,"body":"they are an expensive product to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3602.431,"endTime":3604.29,"body":"buy. I don't think we'll ever,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3604.29,"endTime":3606.029,"body":"will ever, um, argue against"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3606.029,"endTime":3607.828,"body":"that, but it's the value that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3607.828,"endTime":3609.687,"body":"you can achieve from feeding a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3609.687,"endTime":3611.546,"body":"milk replacer, which hopefully"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3611.546,"endTime":3613.465,"body":"we've touched on during some of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3613.465,"endTime":3615.324,"body":"these discussions already. Um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3615.324,"endTime":3617.003,"body":"and the, um, the discussion"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3617.003,"endTime":3618.862,"body":"around whole milk or calf milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3618.862,"endTime":3620.481,"body":"replacer is something that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3620.481,"endTime":3622.22,"body":"happens in the industry when"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3622.22,"endTime":3624.139,"body":"we're under periods of pressure"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3624.139,"endTime":3626.058,"body":"and rightly so. So we know that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3626.058,"endTime":3627.917,"body":"whole milk is higher in higher"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3627.917,"endTime":3629.836,"body":"has a higher natural fat value."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3629.836,"endTime":3631.635,"body":"So thirty percent, thirty two"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3631.635,"endTime":3633.554,"body":"percent. And we know that it is"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3633.554,"endTime":3635.233,"body":"completely digestible. And."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3635.233,"endTime":3637.092,"body":"However. And this is very much"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3637.092,"endTime":3638.831,"body":"farm dependent, we also know"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3638.831,"endTime":3640.63,"body":"that the consistency of whole"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3640.63,"endTime":3642.369,"body":"milk can be a challenge. And"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3642.369,"endTime":3644.228,"body":"with regards to dry matter, we"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3644.228,"endTime":3645.967,"body":"also know the consistency of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3645.967,"endTime":3647.946,"body":"availability can be a challenge."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3647.946,"endTime":3649.805,"body":"Um, so I think we can't forget"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3649.805,"endTime":3651.484,"body":"around the fact that calves"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3651.484,"endTime":3653.283,"body":"loves consistency. But also I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3653.283,"endTime":3655.022,"body":"think, um, logistics feeding"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3655.022,"endTime":3656.641,"body":"whole milk isn't easy. Um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3656.641,"endTime":3658.56,"body":"storing it, cooling it, heating"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3658.56,"endTime":3660.119,"body":"back up. Um, and also the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3660.119,"endTime":3662.038,"body":"disease risk, I think that is a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3662.038,"endTime":3663.777,"body":"massive challenge that we do"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3663.777,"endTime":3665.396,"body":"have, um, with yoni and TB"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3665.396,"endTime":3667.315,"body":"mycoplasma. Um, there are a lot"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3667.315,"endTime":3668.874,"body":"of um, uh, pathogens, not"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3668.874,"endTime":3670.673,"body":"necessarily directly into the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3670.673,"endTime":3672.292,"body":"milk, but they can also be"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3672.292,"endTime":3674.151,"body":"fecal, um, transmitted through"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3674.151,"endTime":3676.01,"body":"feces as well. Um, and I think"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3676.01,"endTime":3677.989,"body":"that's a really interesting one."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3677.989,"endTime":3679.968,"body":"I suppose from my point of view,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3679.968,"endTime":3681.827,"body":"it has to be dependent on your"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3681.827,"endTime":3683.266,"body":"farm and your situation"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3683.266,"endTime":3685.065,"body":"depending upon your farm milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3685.065,"endTime":3686.444,"body":"price, what your labor"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3686.444,"endTime":3688.363,"body":"availability is. But I do think"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3688.363,"endTime":3690.042,"body":"calf milk replacer offers a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3690.042,"endTime":3691.601,"body":"consistent composition, a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3691.601,"endTime":3693.46,"body":"controlled composition, and an"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3693.46,"endTime":3695.199,"body":"opportunity for optimization"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3695.199,"endTime":3696.878,"body":"with regards to feed curve."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3696.878,"endTime":3698.497,"body":"You're not, um, focused on"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3698.497,"endTime":3700.296,"body":"availability and it should be"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3700.296,"endTime":3701.976,"body":"disease free as well. So it"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3701.976,"endTime":3703.535,"body":"minimizes that risk. So I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3703.535,"endTime":3705.094,"body":"completely understand the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3705.094,"endTime":3707.073,"body":"pressures that we are under. But"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3707.073,"endTime":3709.052,"body":"I do think it needs to be looked"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3709.052,"endTime":3710.971,"body":"at rather than price per liter."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3710.971,"endTime":3712.949,"body":"It needs to be looked at of some"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3712.949,"endTime":3714.449,"body":"of the things that we've"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3714.449,"endTime":3715.648,"body":"discussed today. Um"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3715.648,"endTime":3717.567,"body":"pasteurization also has quite a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3717.567,"endTime":3719.546,"body":"big cost. High electricity, high"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3719.546,"endTime":3721.525,"body":"water usage do need to be adding"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3721.525,"endTime":3723.324,"body":"that cost onto your price per"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3723.324,"endTime":3725.243,"body":"liter. Um, and also I encourage"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3725.243,"endTime":3727.161,"body":"people to calculate, um, energy"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3727.161,"endTime":3728.721,"body":"intakes of carbs, try and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3728.721,"endTime":3730.64,"body":"correlate that with an expected"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3730.64,"endTime":3732.499,"body":"performance of calves and make"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3732.499,"endTime":3734.238,"body":"your decisions based on more"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3734.238,"endTime":3735.977,"body":"information, not just purely"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3735.977,"endTime":3737.896,"body":"pence per liter or eurocent per"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3737.896,"endTime":3739.754,"body":"liter. Um, I think one thing I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3739.754,"endTime":3741.134,"body":"wanted to share is our"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3741.134,"endTime":3742.933,"body":"researcher, one of Juliette's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3742.933,"endTime":3744.792,"body":"colleagues, It's from a family"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3744.792,"endTime":3746.411,"body":"farm, has a family farm in"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3746.411,"endTime":3748.27,"body":"France. They've always used ad"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3748.27,"endTime":3750.069,"body":"lib, whole milk. Um, and they"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3750.069,"endTime":3751.868,"body":"have moved to, um, our latest"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3751.868,"endTime":3753.847,"body":"calf milk replacer recently. And"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3753.847,"endTime":3755.706,"body":"they've seen huge improvements"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3755.706,"endTime":3756.965,"body":"in diarrhea and calf"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3756.965,"endTime":3758.944,"body":"performance. So even moving from"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3758.944,"endTime":3760.683,"body":"ad lib whole milk, we're now"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3760.683,"endTime":3762.122,"body":"able to with the latest"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3762.122,"endTime":3764.041,"body":"innovations and the latest calf"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3764.041,"endTime":3765.9,"body":"milk replacers offer something"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3765.9,"endTime":3767.519,"body":"that is as good as, if not"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3767.519,"endTime":3769.498,"body":"better. Um, and I think that's a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3769.498,"endTime":3771.417,"body":"really nice story because often"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3771.417,"endTime":3773.336,"body":"with ad lib whole milk, if it's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3773.336,"endTime":3775.015,"body":"clean and disease free, you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3775.015,"endTime":3776.694,"body":"think, well, actually, am I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3776.694,"endTime":3778.433,"body":"going to get any performance"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3778.433,"endTime":3779.992,"body":"benefits from a calf milk"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3779.992,"endTime":3781.491,"body":"replacer? But one of our"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3781.491,"endTime":3783.29,"body":"colleagues actually did. So I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3783.29,"endTime":3784.609,"body":"think that's a really"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3784.609,"endTime":3786.588,"body":"interesting thing to think about"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3786.588,"endTime":3787.128,"body":"as well."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3787.128,"endTime":3787.608,"body":"And one"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3787.608,"endTime":3789.527,"body":"limitation also with whole milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3789.527,"endTime":3791.386,"body":"feeding is that sometimes, uh,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3791.386,"endTime":3793.065,"body":"when a farm is feeding high"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3793.065,"endTime":3794.984,"body":"quality whole milk, it's at low"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3794.984,"endTime":3796.843,"body":"plane because, uh, whole milk,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3796.843,"endTime":3798.702,"body":"of course, um, is economically"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3798.702,"endTime":3800.681,"body":"important for the farm, but even"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3800.681,"endTime":3802.599,"body":"when calves are fed whole milk,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3802.599,"endTime":3804.578,"body":"they should be fed whole milk at"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3804.578,"endTime":3805.298,"body":"high plane."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3805.298,"endTime":3806.257,"body":"So I'm sat here"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3806.257,"endTime":3807.996,"body":"thinking that imitation is a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3807.996,"endTime":3809.915,"body":"sincere form of flattery. Since"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3809.915,"endTime":3811.475,"body":"you say energizer's being"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3811.475,"endTime":3813.214,"body":"milked, that powder has been"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3813.214,"endTime":3815.013,"body":"copied across the industry, I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3815.013,"endTime":3816.632,"body":"would say how do. How is a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3816.632,"endTime":3818.491,"body":"business or how do you feel as"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3818.491,"endTime":3820.35,"body":"that that. Or as a researcher?"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3820.35,"endTime":3822.328,"body":"Juliette. I guess that must make"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3822.328,"endTime":3823.948,"body":"you think, well, I'm doing"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3823.948,"endTime":3825.387,"body":"something right because"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":3825.387,"endTime":3827.126,"body":"everybody's copying my lead."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3827.126,"endTime":3827.905,"body":"I think, um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3827.905,"endTime":3829.704,"body":"from a LifeStart perspective,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3829.704,"endTime":3831.623,"body":"when we set out with LifeStart,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3831.623,"endTime":3833.482,"body":"our ultimate aim was to have a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3833.482,"endTime":3835.341,"body":"platform that could facilitate"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3835.341,"endTime":3836.9,"body":"the sharing of the latest"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3836.9,"endTime":3838.639,"body":"research. So when we build a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3838.639,"endTime":3840.618,"body":"platform like that, Juliette and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3840.618,"endTime":3842.297,"body":"her team are widely, widely"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3842.297,"endTime":3844.096,"body":"publishing their work. It the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3844.096,"endTime":3845.895,"body":"overall aim is hopefully that"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3845.895,"endTime":3847.395,"body":"the industry can improve"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3847.395,"endTime":3849.313,"body":"together. So I think that's one"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3849.313,"endTime":3851.172,"body":"of our first things. Um, and I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3851.172,"endTime":3853.091,"body":"do think we did launch energise"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3853.091,"endTime":3854.95,"body":"calf milk, um, into the market"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3854.95,"endTime":3856.39,"body":"within Europe in twenty"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3856.39,"endTime":3858.189,"body":"eighteen. Some markets within"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3858.189,"endTime":3860.047,"body":"Europe were heavily skin based"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3860.047,"endTime":3861.846,"body":"already. Some weren't like GB"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3861.846,"endTime":3863.825,"body":"and Ireland were very much still"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3863.825,"endTime":3865.684,"body":"based on weight based seeding."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3865.684,"endTime":3867.543,"body":"Um, I think the products spoke"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3867.543,"endTime":3868.923,"body":"for themselves and the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3868.923,"endTime":3870.242,"body":"performance spoke for"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3870.242,"endTime":3872.101,"body":"themselves. And yes, there's a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3872.101,"endTime":3873.72,"body":"lot of high fat, high skin"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3873.72,"endTime":3875.459,"body":"products around there. Um, I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3875.459,"endTime":3877.438,"body":"think my um position is um, look"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3877.438,"endTime":3879.417,"body":"for the LifeStart badge on bags."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3879.417,"endTime":3881.276,"body":"That's the evidence based, um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3881.276,"endTime":3883.075,"body":"sort of criteria that we work"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3883.075,"endTime":3884.934,"body":"for. And we'll continue to, to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3884.934,"endTime":3886.613,"body":"evolve. And you can see now"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3886.613,"endTime":3888.412,"body":"since energized calf milk has"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3888.412,"endTime":3890.271,"body":"come out and we're now talking"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3890.271,"endTime":3892.25,"body":"about fatty acid technology, and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3892.25,"endTime":3893.989,"body":"Juliette's brilliant work is"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3893.989,"endTime":3895.788,"body":"really moving us forward. And"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3895.788,"endTime":3897.766,"body":"those results that we are seeing"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3897.766,"endTime":3899.745,"body":"on farm are really exciting. Um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3899.745,"endTime":3901.604,"body":"for me, as if calves are being"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3901.604,"endTime":3903.583,"body":"fed better and they're being fed"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3903.583,"endTime":3904.962,"body":"more energy. Um, yeah,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3904.962,"endTime":3906.881,"body":"absolutely. Trail nutrition are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3906.881,"endTime":3908.74,"body":"the originators of the science"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3908.74,"endTime":3910.659,"body":"and the originators of high fat"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3910.659,"endTime":3912.158,"body":"milk replacers, but will"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3912.158,"endTime":3913.957,"body":"continue to evolve. We're not"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3913.957,"endTime":3915.936,"body":"stopping now. I think Juliette's"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3915.936,"endTime":3917.256,"body":"just getting started."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3917.256,"endTime":3918.275,"body":"So that leads us"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3918.275,"endTime":3920.074,"body":"really nicely into what, what"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3920.074,"endTime":3921.873,"body":"are you currently researching"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3921.873,"endTime":3923.852,"body":"and what would be your. If money"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3923.852,"endTime":3925.651,"body":"was no object, what would you"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3925.651,"endTime":3927.45,"body":"look? Where would you look to"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":3927.45,"endTime":3928.649,"body":"take your research?"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3928.649,"endTime":3929.669,"body":"Um, so currently"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3929.669,"endTime":3931.528,"body":"we, we are still working a lot"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3931.528,"endTime":3933.207,"body":"on the, on the fatty acids,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3933.207,"endTime":3934.946,"body":"especially to understand the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3934.946,"endTime":3936.925,"body":"biological pathway. And we would"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3936.925,"endTime":3938.664,"body":"like to, to collaborate also"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3938.664,"endTime":3940.583,"body":"with some universities. Um, and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3940.583,"endTime":3942.562,"body":"we also started a project on, on"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3942.562,"endTime":3944.241,"body":"the, the protein because we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3944.241,"endTime":3946.16,"body":"would like to, to highlight the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3946.16,"endTime":3947.899,"body":"importance of high skim milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3947.899,"endTime":3949.698,"body":"powder for the development of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3949.698,"endTime":3951.616,"body":"calves. And now we, we just got"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3951.616,"endTime":3953.475,"body":"wonderful results. So we had a"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3953.475,"endTime":3955.334,"body":"group of calves with skim milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3955.334,"endTime":3957.313,"body":"versus only thirty five percent,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3957.313,"endTime":3959.292,"body":"while it should be around fifty."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3959.292,"endTime":3961.031,"body":"And by the end of the of the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3961.031,"endTime":3963.01,"body":"weaning, there were eleven kilos"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3963.01,"endTime":3964.629,"body":"difference between the two"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3964.629,"endTime":3966.308,"body":"groups. So having skim milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3966.308,"endTime":3967.927,"body":"powder really makes a huge"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3967.927,"endTime":3969.546,"body":"difference. And we want to"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3969.546,"endTime":3971.465,"body":"understand how that affects the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3971.465,"endTime":3973.384,"body":"insulin. Um, and the whole body"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3973.384,"endTime":3975.243,"body":"composition and development of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3975.243,"endTime":3976.862,"body":"the calves. Um, but again,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3976.862,"endTime":3978.841,"body":"coming back to the fact, I think"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3978.841,"endTime":3980.46,"body":"we are just scratching the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3980.46,"endTime":3982.199,"body":"surface of everything we can"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3982.199,"endTime":3983.938,"body":"harvest, especially with the"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3983.938,"endTime":3985.558,"body":"short and the medium fatty"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":3985.558,"endTime":3987.237,"body":"acids, medium chain. Sorry."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3987.237,"endTime":3987.956,"body":"And I think"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3987.956,"endTime":3989.815,"body":"it's also important to mention"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3989.815,"endTime":3991.374,"body":"we talk a lot about dairy"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3991.374,"endTime":3993.173,"body":"heifers. I think the industry"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3993.173,"endTime":3995.152,"body":"talks a lot about dairy heifers."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3995.152,"endTime":3997.011,"body":"Um, but one of Juliette's team"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3997.011,"endTime":3998.87,"body":"members is doing a huge amount"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":3998.87,"endTime":4000.729,"body":"of work on, on dairy beef now."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4000.729,"endTime":4002.648,"body":"So looking at those systems, we"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4002.648,"endTime":4004.387,"body":"know when you look at calves"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4004.387,"endTime":4006.366,"body":"hitting the ground within Europe"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4006.366,"endTime":4008.345,"body":"now that a huge proportion is of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4008.345,"endTime":4010.204,"body":"beef origin. And so we need to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4010.204,"endTime":4012.003,"body":"optimize the rearing of those"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4012.003,"endTime":4013.802,"body":"calves. And that's something."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4013.802,"endTime":4015.781,"body":"Um, Juliette's got a PhD student"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4015.781,"endTime":4017.52,"body":"working on it. And that's an"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4017.52,"endTime":4019.139,"body":"area of exploration for us"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4019.139,"endTime":4020.998,"body":"because yes, a calf is a calf,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4020.998,"endTime":4022.977,"body":"but their long term outcomes are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4022.977,"endTime":4024.836,"body":"different. And therefore we're"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4024.836,"endTime":4026.755,"body":"trying to understand how we can"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4026.755,"endTime":4028.554,"body":"optimize feeding, um, a dairy"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4028.554,"endTime":4030.353,"body":"heifer, but also a dairy beef"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4030.353,"endTime":4032.272,"body":"animal too. So I think there'll"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4032.272,"endTime":4034.25,"body":"be more research and more things"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4034.25,"endTime":4035.93,"body":"to come under that as well."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4035.93,"endTime":4036.949,"body":"As I say, do you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4036.949,"endTime":4038.928,"body":"think then that means ultimately"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4038.928,"endTime":4040.847,"body":"you might have a range of dairy"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4040.847,"endTime":4042.466,"body":"milk powders and beef milk"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4042.466,"endTime":4044.205,"body":"powders, because there'll be"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4044.205,"endTime":4046.124,"body":"slightly different outcomes and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4046.124,"endTime":4047.803,"body":"you're looking for slightly"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4047.803,"endTime":4049.782,"body":"different, I don't know, growths"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4049.782,"endTime":4050.801,"body":"or developments."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4050.801,"endTime":4051.701,"body":"I think we are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4051.701,"endTime":4053.5,"body":"working on understanding what"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4053.5,"endTime":4055.359,"body":"may be needed. Obviously there"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4055.359,"endTime":4057.098,"body":"are two completely different"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4057.098,"endTime":4058.957,"body":"systems and dairy. Beef is not"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4058.957,"endTime":4060.816,"body":"integrated is it? Some systems"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4060.816,"endTime":4062.615,"body":"are semi-integrated or highly"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4062.615,"endTime":4064.234,"body":"integrated, but throughout"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4064.234,"endTime":4065.793,"body":"Europe there are no super"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4065.793,"endTime":4067.172,"body":"integrated systems. So"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4067.172,"endTime":4069.091,"body":"understanding that is important"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4069.091,"endTime":4071.07,"body":"to where the value comes and who"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4071.07,"endTime":4072.449,"body":"owns that value is the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4072.449,"endTime":4074.248,"body":"challenge. Whereas with dairy"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4074.248,"endTime":4076.167,"body":"heifers, the dairy heifers born"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4076.167,"endTime":4077.906,"body":"on the farm, if there were a"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4077.906,"endTime":4079.825,"body":"replacement animal, that person"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4079.825,"endTime":4081.804,"body":"rearing their calves and putting"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4081.804,"endTime":4083.483,"body":"the costs in gets the value"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4083.483,"endTime":4085.282,"body":"back. So that's the challenge"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4085.282,"endTime":4087.021,"body":"that we have. And but also I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4087.021,"endTime":4088.64,"body":"think, um, calves that are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4088.64,"endTime":4090.259,"body":"moving, um, have different"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4090.259,"endTime":4091.938,"body":"challenges as well. So, um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4091.938,"endTime":4093.857,"body":"moving at two or three weeks of"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4093.857,"endTime":4095.716,"body":"age, for example, moving again"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4095.716,"endTime":4097.455,"body":"at weaning. They potentially"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4097.455,"endTime":4099.314,"body":"have a challenge to. But yeah,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4099.314,"endTime":4101.113,"body":"we're excited. There's a huge"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4101.113,"endTime":4102.672,"body":"amount to come from Trouw"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4102.672,"endTime":4104.351,"body":"Nutrition and the LifeStart"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4104.351,"endTime":4105.971,"body":"platform. So I think, like"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4105.971,"endTime":4107.53,"body":"Juliette says, we're only"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4107.53,"endTime":4109.389,"body":"scratching the surface on what"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4109.389,"endTime":4110.648,"body":"we're doing already."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4110.648,"endTime":4111.907,"body":"It's changed so much"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4111.907,"endTime":4113.886,"body":"since I'm going back probably, I"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4113.886,"endTime":4115.505,"body":"don't know, twenty five to"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4115.505,"endTime":4117.424,"body":"thirty years ago when I used to"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4117.424,"endTime":4119.403,"body":"sell milk powder and it was, um,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4119.403,"endTime":4121.382,"body":"is it for beef or heifers? If it"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4121.382,"endTime":4123.121,"body":"was for heifers, it was a, a"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4123.121,"endTime":4124.92,"body":"thirty or forty percent skim."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4124.92,"endTime":4126.899,"body":"And if it was for beef I'll have"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4126.899,"endTime":4128.878,"body":"the whey powder. And things have"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4128.878,"endTime":4130.857,"body":"changed so much in, in as I say,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4130.857,"endTime":4132.536,"body":"those twenty five to thirty"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4132.536,"endTime":4134.095,"body":"years, it's, it's, it's a"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4134.095,"endTime":4135.534,"body":"totally different game."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4135.534,"endTime":4136.134,"body":"Massively"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4136.134,"endTime":4137.993,"body":"changed. I think what you find"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4137.993,"endTime":4139.912,"body":"is sometimes you go on farm and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4139.912,"endTime":4141.651,"body":"the heifers may be on a high"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4141.651,"endTime":4143.45,"body":"lactose powder at six liters,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4143.45,"endTime":4145.249,"body":"and the beef calves may be on"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4145.249,"endTime":4147.228,"body":"waste milk. The beef calves look"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4147.228,"endTime":4149.146,"body":"better than the heifers. Um, so"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4149.146,"endTime":4150.886,"body":"that's the challenge that we"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4150.886,"endTime":4152.685,"body":"have isn't it. But um yeah, I"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4152.685,"endTime":4154.484,"body":"think that's something for us"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4154.484,"endTime":4156.103,"body":"all to think about is just"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4156.103,"endTime":4157.842,"body":"optimizing where we can. The"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4157.842,"endTime":4159.701,"body":"calf nutrition for the for the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4159.701,"endTime":4161.02,"body":"different sectors to."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4161.02,"endTime":4161.799,"body":"I mean, like"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4161.799,"endTime":4163.658,"body":"you're saying that about waste"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4163.658,"endTime":4165.637,"body":"milk. My father used to rear all"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4165.637,"endTime":4167.616,"body":"of our replacements when we were"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4167.616,"endTime":4169.595,"body":"still in Somerset on the cow. So"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4169.595,"endTime":4171.574,"body":"if you had a high cell count cow"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4171.574,"endTime":4173.433,"body":"or whatever it was. I remember"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4173.433,"endTime":4175.292,"body":"when I first went as a student"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4175.292,"endTime":4177.211,"body":"to work somewhere else and they"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4177.211,"endTime":4179.07,"body":"were weaning it. I don't know,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4179.07,"endTime":4180.989,"body":"was it eight to twelve weeks? I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4180.989,"endTime":4182.908,"body":"can't remember when it was. And"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4182.908,"endTime":4184.647,"body":"I'm like, what? They're only"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4184.647,"endTime":4186.566,"body":"half the size of the ones we've"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4186.566,"endTime":4188.425,"body":"got at home because those ones"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4188.425,"endTime":4190.403,"body":"at home were just running around"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4190.403,"endTime":4192.322,"body":"either in a pen or outside in a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4192.322,"endTime":4194.061,"body":"paddock with whoever the cow"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4194.061,"endTime":4196.04,"body":"that was being suckled. And, you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4196.04,"endTime":4197.779,"body":"know, they obviously did all"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4197.779,"endTime":4199.578,"body":"right on it because they were"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4199.578,"endTime":4201.497,"body":"they were huge, great things in"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4201.497,"endTime":4203.236,"body":"comparison to most others at"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4203.236,"endTime":4205.035,"body":"that stage. And it just shows"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4205.035,"endTime":4206.714,"body":"what a difference it makes."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4206.714,"endTime":4208.693,"body":"Okay. Well, I'm, I'm starting to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4208.693,"endTime":4210.492,"body":"look at the time now thinking"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4210.492,"endTime":4212.411,"body":"it's time we start to wrap this"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4212.411,"endTime":4214.39,"body":"up. So like usual, Georgina, any"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4214.39,"endTime":4215.949,"body":"last words of wisdom from"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4215.949,"endTime":4216.549,"body":"yourself?"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4216.549,"endTime":4217.508,"body":"I think from my"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4217.508,"endTime":4219.427,"body":"point of view now and from from"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4219.427,"endTime":4221.226,"body":"LifeStart science. Um, if you"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4221.226,"endTime":4223.085,"body":"look at what LifeStart science"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4223.085,"endTime":4224.884,"body":"is trying to show us, we know"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4224.884,"endTime":4226.623,"body":"that, um, we can feed calves"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4226.623,"endTime":4228.602,"body":"better. We know that we can feed"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4228.602,"endTime":4230.581,"body":"more volume. We know that we can"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4230.581,"endTime":4232.56,"body":"feed more milk, we can feed more"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4232.56,"endTime":4234.539,"body":"energy. Um, and that delivers us"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4234.539,"endTime":4236.398,"body":"immediate benefit with regards"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4236.398,"endTime":4238.317,"body":"to calf health. Um, but I think"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4238.317,"endTime":4240.296,"body":"now we need to think about going"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4240.296,"endTime":4242.035,"body":"beyond growth. So we need to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4242.035,"endTime":4243.954,"body":"look at feeding for resilience."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4243.954,"endTime":4245.753,"body":"Um, so we need to think about"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4245.753,"endTime":4247.492,"body":"building stronger, healthier"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4247.492,"endTime":4249.411,"body":"calves. Um, and that's achieved"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4249.411,"endTime":4250.79,"body":"really through smarter"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4250.79,"endTime":4252.589,"body":"nutrition. So feed more milk,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4252.589,"endTime":4254.448,"body":"feed more energy, look towards"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4254.448,"endTime":4256.367,"body":"now feeding for resilience. And"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4256.367,"endTime":4258.106,"body":"that's when we have to start"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4258.106,"endTime":4259.785,"body":"fine tuning. So that's when"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4259.785,"endTime":4261.284,"body":"we're now looking at fat"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4261.284,"endTime":4263.023,"body":"composition. And I think the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4263.023,"endTime":4264.762,"body":"thing that I would say is in"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4264.762,"endTime":4266.681,"body":"your own car fearing system, if"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4266.681,"endTime":4268.3,"body":"you are struggling to feed"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4268.3,"endTime":4269.739,"body":"enough milk, if you are"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4269.739,"endTime":4271.718,"body":"struggling with a high fat milk,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4271.718,"endTime":4273.577,"body":"um, I would just always review"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4273.577,"endTime":4275.496,"body":"what you're doing. Always think"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4275.496,"endTime":4277.115,"body":"about is the milk that I'm"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4277.115,"endTime":4279.094,"body":"feeding appropriate to be fed at"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4279.094,"endTime":4280.713,"body":"eight plus liters? Um, and"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4280.713,"endTime":4282.452,"body":"really, I suppose we want to"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4282.452,"endTime":4284.071,"body":"translate the science into"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4284.071,"endTime":4286.05,"body":"actionable steps for farmers. So"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4286.05,"endTime":4287.969,"body":"I would just encourage everyone"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4287.969,"endTime":4289.768,"body":"to think about evidence based"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4289.768,"endTime":4291.267,"body":"products, evidence based"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4291.267,"endTime":4293.186,"body":"solutions, and to really foster"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4293.186,"endTime":4294.985,"body":"that teamwork on farm between"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4294.985,"endTime":4296.364,"body":"your vet, between your"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4296.364,"endTime":4298.343,"body":"nutritionist, um, just ask a lot"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4298.343,"endTime":4300.202,"body":"of questions and challenge the"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4300.202,"endTime":4302.061,"body":"team that you're working with."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4302.061,"endTime":4304.04,"body":"Um, and even the best units, um,"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4304.04,"endTime":4306.019,"body":"can make small steps and achieve"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4306.019,"endTime":4307.878,"body":"some improvements as well from"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4307.878,"endTime":4308.478,"body":"yourself."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4308.478,"endTime":4309.617,"body":"Juliette. Any last"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4309.617,"endTime":4310.637,"body":"words of wisdom?"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4310.637,"endTime":4311.536,"body":"Um, so what we"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4311.536,"endTime":4313.275,"body":"learned through our research"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4313.275,"endTime":4315.254,"body":"program is that any step we take"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4315.254,"endTime":4316.753,"body":"closer to the biological"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4316.753,"endTime":4318.612,"body":"reference, um, the, we, we can"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4318.612,"endTime":4320.531,"body":"have a really, uh, big benefit,"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4320.531,"endTime":4322.21,"body":"uh, on calf development and"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4322.21,"endTime":4324.189,"body":"health. Um, so I would encourage"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4324.189,"endTime":4326.048,"body":"to also question, um, the milk"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4326.048,"endTime":4327.667,"body":"feeding plane, the winning"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4327.667,"endTime":4329.466,"body":"strategies and the quality of"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4329.466,"endTime":4331.445,"body":"whole milk or milk replacer that"},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4331.445,"endTime":4332.824,"body":"are being fed on farm."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4332.824,"endTime":4333.244,"body":"Sarah."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4333.244,"endTime":4334.503,"body":"I think that farmers"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4334.503,"endTime":4336.302,"body":"coming away from listening to"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4336.302,"endTime":4338.221,"body":"this could, could benefit from,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4338.221,"endTime":4340.08,"body":"um, asking themselves why they"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4340.08,"endTime":4341.579,"body":"are feeding what they're"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4341.579,"endTime":4343.378,"body":"currently feeding. Um, take a"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4343.378,"endTime":4345.177,"body":"look at what they're feeding,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4345.177,"endTime":4346.916,"body":"look at the label, ask their"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4346.916,"endTime":4348.895,"body":"feed rep what's in their, what's"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4348.895,"endTime":4350.814,"body":"in their milk powder. And above"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4350.814,"endTime":4352.613,"body":"all, ask themselves, are they"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4352.613,"endTime":4354.532,"body":"actually hitting the goals that"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4354.532,"endTime":4356.271,"body":"they want to achieve? And if"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4356.271,"endTime":4358.01,"body":"they're not finding somebody"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4358.01,"endTime":4359.689,"body":"that can help them fit that"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4359.689,"endTime":4360.289,"body":"solution?"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4360.289,"endTime":4361.368,"body":"Well, I'd like to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4361.368,"endTime":4363.107,"body":"start by saying thank you to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4363.107,"endTime":4365.086,"body":"both Georgina and Juliette. It's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4365.086,"endTime":4366.945,"body":"been fantastic to have you on."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4366.945,"endTime":4368.444,"body":"Um, it's been absolutely"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4368.444,"endTime":4370.423,"body":"fascinating talking to you both."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4370.423,"endTime":4372.162,"body":"And I know we say this every"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4372.162,"endTime":4373.901,"body":"time, but again, we could we"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4373.901,"endTime":4375.64,"body":"could have just kept talking"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4375.64,"endTime":4377.499,"body":"about this for a lot longer. I"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4377.499,"endTime":4379.478,"body":"mean, it's something we see time"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4379.478,"endTime":4381.337,"body":"and time again with our guests"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4381.337,"endTime":4383.136,"body":"because it's their field. The"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4383.136,"endTime":4384.935,"body":"passion they show just shines"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4384.935,"endTime":4386.734,"body":"through. And that's very much"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4386.734,"endTime":4388.593,"body":"the case with both of you. Um,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4388.593,"endTime":4390.392,"body":"and it's great because as you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4390.392,"endTime":4391.891,"body":"say, there's been a real"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4391.891,"endTime":4393.63,"body":"revolution. Uh, yeah, I will"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4393.63,"endTime":4395.609,"body":"call it a revolution, I think in"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4395.609,"endTime":4397.468,"body":"calf, um, uh, rearing in those"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4397.468,"endTime":4399.267,"body":"last ten, fifteen years from,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4399.267,"endTime":4401.006,"body":"you know, the way it kind of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4401.006,"endTime":4402.745,"body":"always been and, you know, a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4402.745,"endTime":4404.604,"body":"couple of liters and how we've"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4404.604,"endTime":4406.103,"body":"moved it on and a better"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4406.103,"endTime":4407.902,"body":"understanding of what's going"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4407.902,"endTime":4409.222,"body":"on. And like you say,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4409.222,"endTime":4411.081,"body":"originally, probably calf milk"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4411.081,"endTime":4412.94,"body":"started as a byproduct, didn't"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4412.94,"endTime":4414.739,"body":"it? It was what how do we use"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4414.739,"endTime":4416.598,"body":"this way and ways forward? And"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4416.598,"endTime":4418.456,"body":"now we're starting to actually"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4418.456,"endTime":4420.136,"body":"go, um, actually, if we can"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4420.136,"endTime":4421.995,"body":"actually make this as close as"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4421.995,"endTime":4423.913,"body":"possible to the real deal, then"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4423.913,"endTime":4425.832,"body":"what are the benefits? It a cow"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4425.832,"endTime":4427.691,"body":"produces milk for a reason and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4427.691,"endTime":4429.37,"body":"that's to allow its calf to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4429.37,"endTime":4431.289,"body":"develop. So, you know, um, this"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4431.289,"endTime":4433.148,"body":"is what we're trying to do and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4433.148,"endTime":4434.947,"body":"starting to see by just those"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4434.947,"endTime":4436.686,"body":"little bits, like the recent"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4436.686,"endTime":4438.485,"body":"developments in short chains,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4438.485,"endTime":4440.284,"body":"the development, the positive"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4440.284,"endTime":4442.023,"body":"benefits have been seen from"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4442.023,"endTime":4443.882,"body":"there. So it's probably little"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4443.882,"endTime":4445.681,"body":"steps now, but it's still all"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4445.681,"endTime":4447.24,"body":"little steps in the right"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4447.24,"endTime":4448.979,"body":"direction. And we talk about"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4448.979,"endTime":4450.898,"body":"this and it's the nutrition and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4450.898,"endTime":4452.757,"body":"we've got to get the nutrition"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4452.757,"endTime":4454.736,"body":"right because it makes them more"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4454.736,"endTime":4456.595,"body":"resilient. It makes them for a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4456.595,"endTime":4458.514,"body":"healthier calf. It makes better"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4458.514,"endTime":4460.313,"body":"immunity because if they have"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4460.313,"endTime":4462.052,"body":"the energy, they've got more"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4462.052,"endTime":4463.731,"body":"chance to fight whatever is"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4463.731,"endTime":4465.53,"body":"challenging them. Definitely."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4465.53,"endTime":4467.509,"body":"Um, but also we can't forget the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4467.509,"endTime":4469.428,"body":"basics about colostrum quality,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4469.428,"endTime":4470.987,"body":"about just simple general"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4470.987,"endTime":4472.966,"body":"management that if you don't get"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4472.966,"endTime":4474.825,"body":"them right, no matter what you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4474.825,"endTime":4476.564,"body":"feed them, it ain't going to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4476.564,"endTime":4478.543,"body":"solve it. So, you know, it still"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4478.543,"endTime":4480.402,"body":"goes back to the basics and do"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4480.402,"endTime":4482.381,"body":"the basics, right? And then this"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4482.381,"endTime":4484.24,"body":"will help grow and develop and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4484.24,"endTime":4486.219,"body":"do a better job. So, uh, from my"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4486.219,"endTime":4488.138,"body":"point of view, again, thank you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4488.138,"endTime":4489.997,"body":"very much to both of you. It's"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4489.997,"endTime":4491.496,"body":"been a pleasure. Um, but"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4491.496,"endTime":4493.055,"body":"otherwise, I guess it's a"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4493.055,"endTime":4494.074,"body":"goodbye from me."},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4494.074,"endTime":4495.214,"body":"It's a goodbye and"},{"speaker":"Sarah Bolt","startTime":4495.214,"endTime":4496.353,"body":"thank you from me."},{"speaker":"Juliette Wilms","startTime":4496.353,"endTime":4497.373,"body":"Thank you. Yeah."},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4497.373,"endTime":4498.212,"body":"Thank you for"},{"speaker":"Georgina Thomas","startTime":4498.212,"endTime":4498.872,"body":"having us."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4498.872,"endTime":4499.771,"body":"Thank you very"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4499.771,"endTime":4500.131,"body":"much."},{"speaker":"Victoria Ham","startTime":4507.1,"endTime":4507.976,"body":"Arm \u0026 Hammer"},{"speaker":"Victoria Ham","startTime":4507.976,"endTime":4510.132,"body":"Animal Nutrition are pleased to"},{"speaker":"Victoria Ham","startTime":4510.132,"endTime":4512.153,"body":"support ChewintheCud Podcast."},{"speaker":"Victoria Ham","startTime":4512.153,"endTime":4514.175,"body":"We're all in when it comes to"},{"speaker":"Victoria Ham","startTime":4514.175,"endTime":4516.196,"body":"supporting healthy productive"},{"speaker":"Victoria Ham","startTime":4516.196,"endTime":4518.015,"body":"farm animals. Please visit"},{"speaker":"Victoria Ham","startTime":4518.015,"endTime":4520.104,"body":"ahanimalnutrition.com for more"},{"speaker":"Victoria Ham","startTime":4520.104,"endTime":4520.98,"body":"information."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4562.739,"endTime":4563.476,"body":"Thank you for"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4563.476,"endTime":4565.057,"body":"listening to the ChewintheCud"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4565.057,"endTime":4566.532,"body":"Podcast, where we bring you"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4566.532,"endTime":4568.007,"body":"conversations for the dairy"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4568.007,"endTime":4569.692,"body":"industry, produced in the South"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4569.692,"endTime":4571.431,"body":"West of England, and listened to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4571.431,"endTime":4572.379,"body":"around the world."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4572.379,"endTime":4573.222,"body":"And now for the"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4573.222,"endTime":4574.855,"body":"really boring bit I'm afraid —"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4574.855,"endTime":4576.013,"body":"the legal disclaimer."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4576.013,"endTime":4576.856,"body":"The information"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4576.856,"endTime":4578.595,"body":"provided during this podcast has"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4578.595,"endTime":4579.964,"body":"been prepared for general"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4579.964,"endTime":4581.544,"body":"information purposes only and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4581.544,"endTime":4583.23,"body":"does not constitute advice. The"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4583.23,"endTime":4584.863,"body":"information must not be relied"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4584.863,"endTime":4586.338,"body":"upon for any purpose and no"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4586.338,"endTime":4587.918,"body":"representation or warranty is"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4587.918,"endTime":4589.13,"body":"given to its accuracy,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4589.13,"endTime":4590.552,"body":"completeness or otherwise."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4590.552,"endTime":4591.448,"body":"Any reference to"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4591.448,"endTime":4593.133,"body":"other organisations, businesses"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4593.133,"endTime":4594.819,"body":"or products during this podcast"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4594.819,"endTime":4596.083,"body":"are not endorsements or"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4596.083,"endTime":4597.769,"body":"recommendations of ChewintheCud"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4597.769,"endTime":4598.032,"body":"Ltd."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4598.032,"endTime":4598.717,"body":"The views of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4598.717,"endTime":4600.297,"body":"Andrew Jones are personal and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4600.297,"endTime":4601.561,"body":"may not be the views of"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4601.561,"endTime":4603.247,"body":"ChewintheCud Ltd, and the views"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4603.247,"endTime":4604.88,"body":"of Sarah Bolt are personal and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4604.88,"endTime":4606.618,"body":"may not be the views of Kingshay"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4606.618,"endTime":4608.199,"body":"Farming and Conservation Ltd,"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4608.199,"endTime":4609.779,"body":"and any affiliated companies."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4609.779,"endTime":4610.253,"body":"For more"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4610.253,"endTime":4611.886,"body":"information on the podcast and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4611.886,"endTime":4613.519,"body":"details of services offered by"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4613.519,"endTime":4614.731,"body":"ChewintheCud Ltd visit"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4614.731,"endTime":4615.889,"body":"www.chewinthecud.com."},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4615.889,"endTime":4616.627,"body":"Thank you and"},{"speaker":"Andrew Jones","startTime":4616.627,"endTime":4617.101,"body":"goodbye."}]}