Chinese Foot Binding

A quick guide to understanding this highly politicized form of body modification.

Sources:
         Berger, E., Yang, L., & Ye, W. (2019). Foot binding in a Ming dynasty cemetery near Xi’an, China. International Journal of Paleopathology, 24, 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.09.005
        Brown, M. J., & Satterthwaite-Phillips, D. (2018). Economic correlates of footbinding: Implications for the importance of Chinese daughters’ labor. PloS One, 13(9), e0201337–e0201337. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201337
       Ko, Dorothy. (2020). Footbinding and Anti-footbinding in China: The Subject of Pain in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. In Discipline and the Other Body (pp. 215–243). Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822387930-009
        Bossen, L., Xurui, W., Brown, M. J., & Gates, H. (2011). Feet and Fabrication: Footbinding and Early Twentieth-Century Rural Women’s Labor in Shaanxi. Modern China, 37(4), 347–383. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23053328
       Silberstein, Rachel. (2020). A Fashionable Century: Textile Artistry and Commerce in the Late Qing. The University of Washington Press. 
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nsong/hd_nsong.htm 
https://www.britannica.com/place/China/The-Song-dynasty 
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ming-dynasty-Chinese-history 
https://www.britannica.com/place/China/Qing-society