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As I like to say on"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":196.98,"endTime":199.68,"body":"this channel, technology"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":196.98,"endTime":199.68,"body":"reflects the mindset or state of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":199.71,"endTime":202.91,"body":"consciousness of its creators,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":199.71,"endTime":202.91,"body":"which then influences the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":202.97,"endTime":206.78,"body":"consciousness of users of that"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":202.97,"endTime":206.78,"body":"technology, so the mindset of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":206.78,"endTime":211.13,"body":"the innovators and builders"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":206.78,"endTime":211.13,"body":"really matters. So, what do I"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":211.22,"endTime":215.84,"body":"mean by AI being a worldview"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":211.22,"endTime":215.84,"body":"entrenchment machine? As I have"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":215.84,"endTime":218.72,"body":"suggested in the past, many of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":215.84,"endTime":218.72,"body":"the challenges facing humanity"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":218.87,"endTime":221.83,"body":"today arise out of the European"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":218.87,"endTime":221.83,"body":"legacy of coloniality,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":222.31,"endTime":226.42,"body":"extraction, exploitation, hyper"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":222.31,"endTime":226.42,"body":"rationality, materialism, and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":226.51,"endTime":231.67,"body":"even utopianism. 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In other"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":274.01,"endTime":277.61,"body":"words, a machine created"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":277.64,"endTime":281.02,"body":"exclusively by the conditioned"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":277.64,"endTime":281.02,"body":"modern mind will only further"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":281.11,"endTime":284.74,"body":"entrench toxic ways of living"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":281.11,"endTime":284.74,"body":"and relating, but an AI system"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":284.77,"endTime":287.8,"body":"and innovation ethos that is"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":284.77,"endTime":287.8,"body":"free of that baggage is really"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":287.86,"endTime":291.67,"body":"exciting. 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When AI is"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":304.95,"endTime":308.52,"body":"built and used with this blind"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":304.95,"endTime":308.52,"body":"spot, it only exacerbates the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":308.64,"endTime":312.96,"body":"global societal and mental"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":308.64,"endTime":312.96,"body":"health crises. 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The fact"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":408.31,"endTime":410.8,"body":"that Bhutan has never been"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":408.31,"endTime":410.8,"body":"colonized is significant,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":410.83,"endTime":414.28,"body":"because it's crucial that the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":410.83,"endTime":414.28,"body":"data sets being used to train AI"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":414.43,"endTime":417.61,"body":"models and the minds of the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":414.43,"endTime":417.61,"body":"people building the AI models"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":417.64,"endTime":423.54,"body":"and systems be decolonialized."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":417.64,"endTime":423.54,"body":"Now, decolonialization is a $10"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":423.81,"endTime":426.27,"body":"word, of course, and I'm not"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":423.81,"endTime":426.27,"body":"trying to give an academic"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":426.72,"endTime":428.73,"body":"lecture here, but it's an"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":426.72,"endTime":428.73,"body":"important concept. So,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":429.93,"endTime":433.95,"body":"decolonialization is different"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":429.93,"endTime":433.95,"body":"from decolonization. The latter"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":434.31,"endTime":437.76,"body":"is physical and structural,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":434.31,"endTime":437.76,"body":"while the former involves mental"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":437.82,"endTime":440.07,"body":"conditioning and states of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":437.82,"endTime":440.07,"body":"consciousness. So, let me"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":440.13,"endTime":444.08,"body":"explain a little bit more."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":440.13,"endTime":444.08,"body":"Decolonization is the process by"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":444.14,"endTime":446.66,"body":"which formerly colonized"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":444.14,"endTime":446.66,"body":"countries gain independence. So,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":446.84,"endTime":450.35,"body":"for example, when India gained"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":446.84,"endTime":450.35,"body":"its independence in 1947 after"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":450.35,"endTime":453.8,"body":"the British withdrew, this"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":450.35,"endTime":453.8,"body":"independence that Gandhi had"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":453.86,"endTime":457.58,"body":"worked so hard for was"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":453.86,"endTime":457.58,"body":"decolonization, but as Latin"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":457.58,"endTime":460.96,"body":"American scholars first pointed"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":457.58,"endTime":460.96,"body":"out in the 1990s that's not"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":460.99,"endTime":464.17,"body":"enough to undo the ongoing harms"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":460.99,"endTime":464.17,"body":"of that, of that colonization."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":464.92,"endTime":468.25,"body":"So, decolonialization is the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":464.92,"endTime":468.25,"body":"more subtle intellectual,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":468.31,"endTime":471.85,"body":"cultural, emotional, and even"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":468.31,"endTime":471.85,"body":"spiritual process of dismantling"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":471.85,"endTime":475.15,"body":"the invisible, lingering"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":471.85,"endTime":475.15,"body":"structures of Eurocentric power,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":475.69,"endTime":478.96,"body":"knowledge, and identity that"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":475.69,"endTime":478.96,"body":"linger long after physical and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":479.02,"endTime":483.36,"body":"governmental independence."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":479.02,"endTime":483.36,"body":"Decolonializing minds is not"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":483.51,"endTime":486.87,"body":"easy in most industrialized"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":483.51,"endTime":486.87,"body":"countries. A Eurocentric"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":486.96,"endTime":491.07,"body":"worldview is baked into the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":486.96,"endTime":491.07,"body":"education, mass media, and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":491.07,"endTime":494.37,"body":"government institutions. Whether"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":491.07,"endTime":494.37,"body":"you are in the United States,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":494.76,"endTime":498.03,"body":"Brazil, or India, because of the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":494.76,"endTime":498.03,"body":"long-standing colonial history"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":498.06,"endTime":500.72,"body":"and influence, it is so"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":498.06,"endTime":500.72,"body":"difficult to remove this"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":500.84,"endTime":504.65,"body":"Eurocentric conditioning, in"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":500.84,"endTime":504.65,"body":"fact, my talking about this in a"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":504.68,"endTime":506.81,"body":"critical way right now might be"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":504.68,"endTime":506.81,"body":"triggering that very"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":506.96,"endTime":510.29,"body":"conditioning in you. If it is, I"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":506.96,"endTime":510.29,"body":"hope you approach that with"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":510.32,"endTime":514.91,"body":"curiosity. Decoloniality is"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":510.32,"endTime":514.91,"body":"intensely relevant to artificial"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":514.94,"endTime":518.39,"body":"intelligence, because where AI"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":514.94,"endTime":518.39,"body":"is trained on what is primarily"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":518.54,"endTime":522.19,"body":"a Eurocentric knowledge system,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":518.54,"endTime":522.19,"body":"it is the ultimate coloniality"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":522.46,"endTime":525.94,"body":"machine, as the Pope talked"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":522.46,"endTime":525.94,"body":"about this week. Actually,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":526.84,"endTime":529.63,"body":"consequently, to the extent that"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":526.84,"endTime":529.63,"body":"the problems facing humanity are"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":529.75,"endTime":533.11,"body":"rooted in European thinking,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":529.75,"endTime":533.11,"body":"extraction, exploitation,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":533.23,"endTime":537.37,"body":"division, hyper rationality, and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":533.23,"endTime":537.37,"body":"even capitalism itself, it is"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":537.43,"endTime":541.26,"body":"absolutely essential to design"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":537.43,"endTime":541.26,"body":"technical, epistemological, and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":541.32,"endTime":545.97,"body":"even cosmological alternatives"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":541.32,"endTime":545.97,"body":"to address this. When a"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":546.03,"endTime":548.49,"body":"general-purpose large language"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":546.03,"endTime":548.49,"body":"model vacuums up the entire"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":548.61,"endTime":551.52,"body":"internet to build, quote"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":548.61,"endTime":551.52,"body":"unquote, super intelligence, it"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":551.67,"endTime":555.6,"body":"is performing an extractive"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":551.67,"endTime":555.6,"body":"maneuver, flattening 1000s of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":555.72,"endTime":558.51,"body":"years of distinct human"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":555.72,"endTime":558.51,"body":"traditions into a single"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":559.02,"endTime":563.75,"body":"dominant hyper-rationalized"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":559.02,"endTime":563.75,"body":"worldview. even if you were to"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":563.81,"endTime":566.9,"body":"train AI models in all the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":563.81,"endTime":566.9,"body":"world's knowledge, traditions,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":567.02,"endTime":570.41,"body":"and wisdom, you still wouldn't"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":567.02,"endTime":570.41,"body":"arrive at anything that subverts"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":570.47,"endTime":575.15,"body":"the dominant monoculture. In"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":570.47,"endTime":575.15,"body":"fact, this very impulse to sort"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":575.18,"endTime":578.96,"body":"of mush everything into one"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":575.18,"endTime":578.96,"body":"giant blob mirrors the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":579.2,"endTime":582.25,"body":"monocultural thinking that's"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":579.2,"endTime":582.25,"body":"behind Eurocentric modernity,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":584.47,"endTime":587.29,"body":"wisdom is not an emergent"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":584.47,"endTime":587.29,"body":"property of a massive, large"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":587.44,"endTime":590.71,"body":"language model. A"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":587.44,"endTime":590.71,"body":"general-purpose AI model cannot"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":590.74,"endTime":593.89,"body":"develop discernment or the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":590.74,"endTime":593.89,"body":"capacity to understand which"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":594.04,"endTime":597.52,"body":"pieces of its training are more"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":594.04,"endTime":597.52,"body":"true, more relevant, or wiser"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":597.64,"endTime":601.38,"body":"than others. So, for the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":597.64,"endTime":601.38,"body":"foreseeable. Future discernment"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":601.38,"endTime":605.88,"body":"is a deeply human, albeit rare"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":601.38,"endTime":605.88,"body":"quality, and this is why it's so"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":605.91,"endTime":608.67,"body":"important to train AI models"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":605.91,"endTime":608.67,"body":"with the right data sets and the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":608.73,"endTime":614.16,"body":"right mindset as tools that aid"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":608.73,"endTime":614.16,"body":"discerning humans. Granted, the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":614.58,"endTime":617.4,"body":"European monoculture and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":614.58,"endTime":617.4,"body":"Enlightenment reason have"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":617.49,"endTime":621.38,"body":"brought us many gifts, including"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":617.49,"endTime":621.38,"body":"modern medicine, air travel and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":621.38,"endTime":624.11,"body":"the internet, but the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":621.38,"endTime":624.11,"body":"possibilities of an evolution of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":624.14,"endTime":627.62,"body":"humanity offered by this narrow"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":624.14,"endTime":627.62,"body":"European mindset would be"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":627.83,"endTime":630.8,"body":"artificially limited were we not"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":627.83,"endTime":630.8,"body":"to consider other ways of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":630.86,"endTime":634.34,"body":"approaching and relating to the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":630.86,"endTime":634.34,"body":"world. The unimaginative idea"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":634.46,"endTime":638.48,"body":"that nature is a machine can"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":634.46,"endTime":638.48,"body":"only take us so far. It's"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":638.51,"endTime":641.56,"body":"entirely possible, and even"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":638.51,"endTime":641.56,"body":"likely, that a relational"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":641.98,"endTime":645.28,"body":"reciprocal society would be far"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":641.98,"endTime":645.28,"body":"superior to one full of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":645.4,"endTime":648.1,"body":"isolated, rational,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":645.4,"endTime":648.1,"body":"self-interested actors in a"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":648.19,"endTime":653.26,"body":"so-called free market. A machine"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":648.19,"endTime":653.26,"body":"built exclusively by a mindset"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":653.32,"endTime":656.89,"body":"obsessed with optimization will"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":653.32,"endTime":656.89,"body":"only further entrench our"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":656.95,"endTime":659.89,"body":"collective crisis of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":656.95,"endTime":659.89,"body":"disconnection and our loss of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":660.01,"endTime":663.9,"body":"agency. If we want technology"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":660.01,"endTime":663.9,"body":"that serves human evolution"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":663.99,"endTime":667.41,"body":"rather than human replacement,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":663.99,"endTime":667.41,"body":"we have to design an alternative"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":667.95,"endTime":672.09,"body":"rooted in epistemic pluralism,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":667.95,"endTime":672.09,"body":"and what does that mean? It's"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":672.09,"endTime":675.12,"body":"the idea that there's no single"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":672.09,"endTime":675.12,"body":"universal way of knowing,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":675.75,"endTime":679.32,"body":"instead there's a rich tapestry"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":675.75,"endTime":679.32,"body":"of localized wisdom traditions."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":681.33,"endTime":684.74,"body":"This is why Bhutan and places"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":681.33,"endTime":684.74,"body":"like it are such a unique"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":684.8,"endTime":688.22,"body":"opportunity. Although they are"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":684.8,"endTime":688.22,"body":"obviously not immune to modern"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":688.31,"endTime":691.73,"body":"Eurocentric influence, they at"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":688.31,"endTime":691.73,"body":"least have a head start relative"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":691.85,"endTime":695.39,"body":"to the United States, Europe, or"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":691.85,"endTime":695.39,"body":"even China. Although China was"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":695.45,"endTime":698.6,"body":"never colonized in the way that"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":695.45,"endTime":698.6,"body":"Africa or the Americas were, its"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":698.66,"endTime":701.56,"body":"government, economic goals, and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":698.66,"endTime":701.56,"body":"contemporary culture have been"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":701.71,"endTime":704.65,"body":"deeply shaped by European"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":701.71,"endTime":704.65,"body":"thought, from Marxism to"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":704.8,"endTime":709.54,"body":"scientific materialism. In"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":704.8,"endTime":709.54,"body":"short, I'm not describing just a"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":709.57,"endTime":714.31,"body":"romantic, philosophical sort of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":709.57,"endTime":714.31,"body":"fantasy. I'm talking about an"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":714.34,"endTime":717.04,"body":"entirely different software"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":714.34,"endTime":717.04,"body":"architecture and set of ethics."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":719.14,"endTime":722.22,"body":"This is precisely why the near"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":719.14,"endTime":722.22,"body":"to medium term future of AI that"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":722.22,"endTime":725.37,"body":"excites me is not a singular"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":722.22,"endTime":725.37,"body":"universal super intelligence,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":725.55,"endTime":728.94,"body":"but rather a network of quasi"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":725.55,"endTime":728.94,"body":"local domain specific and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":729.0,"endTime":733.35,"body":"sovereign models. When the goal"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":729.0,"endTime":733.35,"body":"is not super intelligence, then"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":733.41,"endTime":736.14,"body":"there's no need to drastically"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":733.41,"endTime":736.14,"body":"ramp up scaling and resource"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":736.26,"endTime":740.31,"body":"use. Specialized targeted AI"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":736.26,"endTime":740.31,"body":"models are more efficient, use"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":740.4,"endTime":743.42,"body":"less energy and water, and do"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":740.4,"endTime":743.42,"body":"not flatten the knowledge or"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":743.51,"endTime":747.17,"body":"worldview of the community using"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":743.51,"endTime":747.17,"body":"them. In addition, they can be"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":747.32,"endTime":750.35,"body":"run on quasi-local cloud"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":747.32,"endTime":750.35,"body":"infrastructure and easily made"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":750.41,"endTime":753.8,"body":"compliant with local laws,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":750.41,"endTime":753.8,"body":"ethical guidelines, and norms."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":755.12,"endTime":757.64,"body":"Sovereign AI isn't just an"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":755.12,"endTime":757.64,"body":"eco-friendly or convenient"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":757.7,"endTime":760.87,"body":"design choice; it is a vital act"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":757.7,"endTime":760.87,"body":"of jurisdictional"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":760.99,"endTime":764.05,"body":"infrastructural and cognitive"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":760.99,"endTime":764.05,"body":"containment to protect a"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":764.2,"endTime":767.59,"body":"culture's data and legacy from"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":764.2,"endTime":767.59,"body":"digital digestion and dilution."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":769.21,"endTime":773.38,"body":"Furthermore, Bhutan is building"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":769.21,"endTime":773.38,"body":"their own data centers, which"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":773.47,"endTime":776.71,"body":"are powered almost entirely by"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":773.47,"endTime":776.71,"body":"their abundant hydroelectric"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":776.8,"endTime":779.89,"body":"power, and they stay relatively"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":776.8,"endTime":779.89,"body":"cool due to their temperate"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":779.95,"endTime":784.23,"body":"climate, so the energy that"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":779.95,"endTime":784.23,"body":"their AI models would use is"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":784.29,"endTime":787.26,"body":"entirely supported by their"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":784.29,"endTime":787.26,"body":"natural resources. Now, I should"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":787.35,"endTime":791.43,"body":"say it's very early on in the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":787.35,"endTime":791.43,"body":"exploration of Bhutan's own kind"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":791.46,"endTime":796.47,"body":"of hyper-local AI models, but"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":791.46,"endTime":796.47,"body":"this is the direction that they"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":796.53,"endTime":800.72,"body":"want to head. It's very much a"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":796.53,"endTime":800.72,"body":"work in progress for Bhutan, and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":800.72,"endTime":803.33,"body":"alternative energy sources are"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":800.72,"endTime":803.33,"body":"not as reliable as traditional"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":803.36,"endTime":806.21,"body":"energy sources, of course, even"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":803.36,"endTime":806.21,"body":"if it's hydropower, it kind of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":806.51,"endTime":809.0,"body":"comes and goes based on the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":806.51,"endTime":809.0,"body":"season here. So, Bhutan has to"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":809.03,"endTime":811.88,"body":"figure out how to address the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":809.03,"endTime":811.88,"body":"intermittent nature of hydro,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":812.18,"endTime":815.72,"body":"solar, and wind. I think they're"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":812.18,"endTime":815.72,"body":"looking into geothermal as well,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":815.9,"endTime":818.72,"body":"but you know, they're also"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":815.9,"endTime":818.72,"body":"looking into flexible or"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":818.78,"endTime":820.81,"body":"seasonal computing, which is"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":818.78,"endTime":820.81,"body":"another kind of innovative"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":820.9,"endTime":844.05,"body":"approach to this, again, it's"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":820.9,"endTime":844.05,"body":"all very early stage, I so"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":844.11,"endTime":847.26,"body":"although general purpose AI"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":844.11,"endTime":847.26,"body":"models like Chad GPT or Claude"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":847.32,"endTime":850.71,"body":"are useful for generic"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":847.32,"endTime":850.71,"body":"conversational tasks, they are"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":850.8,"endTime":853.89,"body":"structurally designed for"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":850.8,"endTime":853.89,"body":"boundless scale. Selling the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":853.98,"endTime":857.13,"body":"promise of super intelligence"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":853.98,"endTime":857.13,"body":"requires vacuuming up the entire"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":857.31,"endTime":860.72,"body":"world's data using vast"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":857.31,"endTime":860.72,"body":"computing resources to provide"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":860.81,"endTime":864.35,"body":"semi-reliable answers and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":860.81,"endTime":864.35,"body":"flattening cultural nuances into"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":864.38,"endTime":869.36,"body":"generic statistical weights. In"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":864.38,"endTime":869.36,"body":"contrast, when you start with"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":869.39,"endTime":872.9,"body":"distinct real-world problems"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":869.39,"endTime":872.9,"body":"rather than an obsession with"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":873.41,"endTime":877.07,"body":"scaling, solving all diseases,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":873.41,"endTime":877.07,"body":"as Demis Hassabis said recently"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":877.46,"endTime":880.54,"body":"at Google I/O, or discovering"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":877.46,"endTime":880.54,"body":"all physics, as Sam Alban likes"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":880.57,"endTime":884.89,"body":"to say a country like Bhutan can"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":880.57,"endTime":884.89,"body":"train and fine tune lean,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":885.16,"endTime":888.52,"body":"efficient, and targeted AI"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":885.16,"endTime":888.52,"body":"models, and so can everyone"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":888.55,"endTime":892.54,"body":"else. EU countries can create"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":888.55,"endTime":892.54,"body":"sovereign AI systems that are EU"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":892.84,"endTime":896.53,"body":"AI act compliant and solve EU"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":892.84,"endTime":896.53,"body":"problems. China can use their"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":896.62,"endTime":899.95,"body":"sovereign domain-specific AI"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":896.62,"endTime":899.95,"body":"systems to counteract the."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":900.06,"endTime":903.81,"body":"Graphic shifts manage massive"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":900.06,"endTime":903.81,"body":"industrial infrastructure and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":903.81,"endTime":907.53,"body":"secure resource independence,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":903.81,"endTime":907.53,"body":"and India can use sovereign AI"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":907.71,"endTime":911.52,"body":"systems that use satellite data"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":907.71,"endTime":911.52,"body":"to evaluate crop health, soil"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":911.58,"endTime":915.69,"body":"moisture, and weather impact for"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":911.58,"endTime":915.69,"body":"individual smallholder farms, as"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":915.78,"endTime":918.42,"body":"well as overcome the language"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":915.78,"endTime":918.42,"body":"barrier in a country with over"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":918.45,"endTime":922.79,"body":"121 languages. In any case,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":918.45,"endTime":922.79,"body":"Bhutan is inspiring because"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":922.85,"endTime":926.81,"body":"Bhutan does not see technology"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":922.85,"endTime":926.81,"body":"as an end in itself, but rather"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":926.9,"endTime":930.71,"body":"as a subservient tool to"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":926.9,"endTime":930.71,"body":"preserve its culture, protect"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":930.74,"endTime":934.88,"body":"its pristine ecology, and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":930.74,"endTime":934.88,"body":"enhance human well-being. In"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":935.06,"endTime":938.33,"body":"contrast with most other"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":935.06,"endTime":938.33,"body":"countries, its goal is wisdom"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":938.42,"endTime":942.85,"body":"and contentment, not efficiency."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":938.42,"endTime":942.85,"body":"If we want an AI system that"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":942.88,"endTime":946.57,"body":"doesn't simply entrench Silicon"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":942.88,"endTime":946.57,"body":"Valley's monoculture, we have to"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":946.66,"endTime":950.17,"body":"change the scale and source of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":946.66,"endTime":950.17,"body":"the data. Instead of aiming for"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":950.23,"endTime":953.35,"body":"a universal superintelligence,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":950.23,"endTime":953.35,"body":"Bhutan's unique position allows"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":953.44,"endTime":957.55,"body":"it to build targeted AI models"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":953.44,"endTime":957.55,"body":"designed to solve specific local"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":957.61,"endTime":961.44,"body":"problems using curated data sets"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":957.61,"endTime":961.44,"body":"rooted in Tibetan, Bhutanese,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":961.71,"endTime":964.77,"body":"and Sanskrit sources, and the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":961.71,"endTime":964.77,"body":"global national happiness"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":964.83,"endTime":968.7,"body":"principles, this isn't just a"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":964.83,"endTime":968.7,"body":"pivot in software design, it's a"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":968.76,"endTime":971.16,"body":"total reworking of the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":968.76,"endTime":971.16,"body":"ideologies that underlie the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":971.31,"endTime":974.31,"body":"design, making it inherently"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":971.31,"endTime":974.31,"body":"less constrained in its"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":974.31,"endTime":978.3,"body":"capabilities. Lean, agile models"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":974.31,"endTime":978.3,"body":"that reflect the consciousness"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":978.33,"endTime":981.74,"body":"and culture of their creators is"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":978.33,"endTime":981.74,"body":"the most promising path forward."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":981.83,"endTime":988.67,"body":"I think Bhutan has the mindset,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":981.83,"endTime":988.67,"body":"political will, and resources to"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":988.73,"endTime":992.75,"body":"build precisely these kinds of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":988.73,"endTime":992.75,"body":"AI models and systems. However,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":993.17,"endTime":996.59,"body":"I should note that, despite its"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":993.17,"endTime":996.59,"body":"inspiring GNH ethos, its Gross"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":996.65,"endTime":999.98,"body":"National Happiness ethos, Bhutan"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":996.65,"endTime":999.98,"body":"is currently facing an"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1000.04,"endTime":1004.44,"body":"existential demographic crisis"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1000.04,"endTime":1004.44,"body":"since the pandemic, nearly 9% of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1004.47,"endTime":1008.28,"body":"its population, predominantly"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1004.47,"endTime":1008.28,"body":"its educated youth, have left"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1008.28,"endTime":1010.8,"body":"the country in search of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1008.28,"endTime":1010.8,"body":"economic opportunities abroad."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1011.97,"endTime":1015.12,"body":"So, Bhutan is also hoping that"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1011.97,"endTime":1015.12,"body":"building these sovereign AI"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1015.78,"endTime":1019.08,"body":"models and infrastructure and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1015.78,"endTime":1019.08,"body":"its mindfulness city will"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1019.14,"endTime":1022.97,"body":"reverse this trend. So, just to"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1019.14,"endTime":1022.97,"body":"wrap up, the Silicon Valley"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1023.03,"endTime":1025.7,"body":"future that's on offer today is"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1023.03,"endTime":1025.7,"body":"a mechanistic future of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1025.79,"endTime":1028.7,"body":"biohacking, merging with"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1025.79,"endTime":1028.7,"body":"machines, and then quickly being"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1028.79,"endTime":1031.67,"body":"replaced by machines that then"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1028.79,"endTime":1031.67,"body":"solve all the problems that are"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1031.73,"endTime":1034.43,"body":"worsened by this very process,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1031.73,"endTime":1034.43,"body":"including mass economic"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1034.46,"endTime":1037.79,"body":"disruption, decimation of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1034.46,"endTime":1037.79,"body":"natural environment, and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1037.82,"endTime":1040.15,"body":"pollution of the information"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1037.82,"endTime":1040.15,"body":"ecosystem, as well as the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1040.33,"endTime":1043.69,"body":"erosion of a shared reality, in"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1040.33,"endTime":1043.69,"body":"contrast, as a Buddhist and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1043.72,"endTime":1046.6,"body":"Hindu country in deep"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1043.72,"endTime":1046.6,"body":"relationship with the land,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1047.14,"endTime":1049.87,"body":"Bhutan recognizes the inherent"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1047.14,"endTime":1049.87,"body":"evolutionary potential of the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1049.99,"endTime":1053.02,"body":"human and emphasizes"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1049.99,"endTime":1053.02,"body":"technologies of the sacred, like"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1053.08,"endTime":1057.07,"body":"meditation, sacred rituals, and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1053.08,"endTime":1057.07,"body":"mantra, which can be augmented"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1057.1,"endTime":1060.22,"body":"with material technologies, but"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1057.1,"endTime":1060.22,"body":"the starting point is a"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1060.25,"endTime":1063.78,"body":"grounded, interconnected"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1060.25,"endTime":1063.78,"body":"humanity, not a robotic future"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1063.9,"endTime":1068.4,"body":"utopia. In other words, Bhutan"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1063.9,"endTime":1068.4,"body":"offers a promising alternative"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1068.49,"endTime":1070.5,"body":"to Silicon Valley's"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1068.49,"endTime":1070.5,"body":"techno-deterministic,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1070.95,"endTime":1074.67,"body":"techno-utopian innovation ethos,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1070.95,"endTime":1074.67,"body":"one grounded in wisdom,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1075.03,"endTime":1079.83,"body":"decoloniality, and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1075.03,"endTime":1079.83,"body":"interconnectedness. So far, AI"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1079.98,"endTime":1082.64,"body":"has proven helpful and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1079.98,"endTime":1082.64,"body":"reasonably reliable in medicine,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1082.88,"endTime":1086.15,"body":"finance, supply chain logistics,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1082.88,"endTime":1086.15,"body":"software development, and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1086.21,"endTime":1089.87,"body":"cybersecurity, and customer"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1086.21,"endTime":1089.87,"body":"service, with important caveats"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1089.87,"endTime":1092.72,"body":"in each case, but what else"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1089.87,"endTime":1092.72,"body":"could it do when the innovation"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1092.81,"endTime":1095.9,"body":"happens within a diverse"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1092.81,"endTime":1095.9,"body":"international garden of AI"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1096.14,"endTime":1100.36,"body":"innovation, one that's hyper"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1096.14,"endTime":1100.36,"body":"local. The decisions made now"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1100.69,"endTime":1103.21,"body":"about AI development will shape"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1100.69,"endTime":1103.21,"body":"humanity's future for"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1103.24,"endTime":1106.9,"body":"generations. Bhutan is a testing"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1103.24,"endTime":1106.9,"body":"ground for a completely"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1106.96,"endTime":1110.23,"body":"different approach that can"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1106.96,"endTime":1110.23,"body":"become a replicable model for"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1110.23,"endTime":1113.53,"body":"other nations, sovereign,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1110.23,"endTime":1113.53,"body":"non-extractive,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1114.16,"endTime":1117.28,"body":"non-exploitative,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1114.16,"endTime":1117.28,"body":"domain-specific AI systems that"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1117.34,"endTime":1121.15,"body":"prioritize well-being over"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1117.34,"endTime":1121.15,"body":"growth at all costs. Again,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1121.78,"endTime":1123.96,"body":"where technology reflects the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1121.78,"endTime":1123.96,"body":"mindset or state of"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1124.02,"endTime":1127.47,"body":"consciousness of its creators,"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1124.02,"endTime":1127.47,"body":"Bhutan is positioned to create a"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1127.68,"endTime":1131.16,"body":"truly conscious and humane set"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1127.68,"endTime":1131.16,"body":"of tools for a human future"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1131.31,"endTime":1135.03,"body":"driven by reciprocity rather"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1131.31,"endTime":1135.03,"body":"than endless voracious expansion"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1135.09,"endTime":1138.18,"body":"for its own sake. The question I"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1135.09,"endTime":1138.18,"body":"will be sitting with this week"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1138.45,"endTime":1140.99,"body":"is, how the lessons Bhutan"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1138.45,"endTime":1140.99,"body":"offers in its approach to"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1141.08,"endTime":1144.8,"body":"technology innovation can be"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1141.08,"endTime":1144.8,"body":"brought back to the West and"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1144.8,"endTime":1149.36,"body":"specifically to Silicon Valley."},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1144.8,"endTime":1149.36,"body":"Anyways, I'm sure this week will"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1149.39,"endTime":1151.76,"body":"surprise me, subvert my"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1149.39,"endTime":1151.76,"body":"expectations, and leave me with"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1151.76,"endTime":1155.93,"body":"a whole new set of questions. So"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1151.76,"endTime":1155.93,"body":"look for more from me on the"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1155.93,"endTime":1160.16,"body":"things that Bhutan is doing when"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1155.93,"endTime":1160.16,"body":"I come back from my trip. And"},{"speaker":"Chad Woodford","startTime":1160.16,"endTime":1160.7,"body":"thanks for listening."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1162.59,"endTime":1162.65,"body":"Bye."}]}