{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":0.9,"endTime":4.11,"body":"You're listening"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":0.9,"endTime":4.11,"body":"to Veterinary Vertex. A podcast"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":4.11,"endTime":7.47,"body":"the AVMA Journals. In this"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":4.11,"endTime":7.47,"body":"episode, we chat about the"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":7.47,"endTime":11.31,"body":"effects of rapamycin in delaying"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":7.47,"endTime":11.31,"body":"progressive left ventricular"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":11.31,"endTime":14.79,"body":"hypertrophy in cats with"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":11.31,"endTime":14.79,"body":"subclinical hypertrophic"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":14.79,"endTime":17.58,"body":"cardiomyopathy with our guest,"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":14.79,"endTime":17.58,"body":"Joshua Stern."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":23.21,"endTime":24.98,"body":"Welcome to"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":23.21,"endTime":24.98,"body":"veterinary vertex, I'm"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":25.01,"endTime":28.22,"body":"Editor-in-Chief Lisa Fortier."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":25.01,"endTime":28.22,"body":"And I'm joined by Associate"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":28.22,"endTime":32.21,"body":"Editor Sarah Wright. Today we"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":28.22,"endTime":32.21,"body":"have Joshua joining us from NC"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":32.21,"endTime":35.24,"body":"State as the newly appointed"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":32.21,"endTime":35.24,"body":"Associate Dean for Research."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":35.54,"endTime":38.27,"body":"Joshua, thank you so much, you"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":35.54,"endTime":38.27,"body":"know, just landing in a new"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":38.27,"endTime":41.36,"body":"place and, and taking the time"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":38.27,"endTime":41.36,"body":"to be with us here today. We"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":41.36,"endTime":42.35,"body":"really appreciate it."},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":42.92,"endTime":44.45,"body":"Thank you so much,"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":42.92,"endTime":44.45,"body":"Lisa and Sarah."},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":46.1,"endTime":48.68,"body":"So Joshua, a"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":46.1,"endTime":48.68,"body":"diagnosis of hypertrophic"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":48.68,"endTime":52.67,"body":"cardiomyopathy or HCM in cats"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":48.68,"endTime":52.67,"body":"can be devastating. Your"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":52.67,"endTime":55.52,"body":"manuscripts in JAVMA make give"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":52.67,"endTime":55.52,"body":"feline practitioners and owners"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":55.52,"endTime":58.67,"body":"some hope. Your manuscript"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":55.52,"endTime":58.67,"body":"investigates the effects of"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":58.67,"endTime":62.21,"body":"rapamycin in cats with"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":58.67,"endTime":62.21,"body":"subclinical HCM, can you give"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":62.21,"endTime":64.22,"body":"our listeners some background on"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":62.21,"endTime":64.22,"body":"this topic?"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":65.38,"endTime":68.53,"body":"Absolutely. So"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":65.38,"endTime":68.53,"body":"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":69.52,"endTime":72.67,"body":"really a disease with a"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":69.52,"endTime":72.67,"body":"staggering prevalence in the cat"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":72.67,"endTime":75.61,"body":"population that afflicts about"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":72.67,"endTime":75.61,"body":"one in seven cats. And"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":76.06,"endTime":79.21,"body":"unfortunately, roughly half of"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":76.06,"endTime":79.21,"body":"those with this disease will go"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":79.21,"endTime":82.99,"body":"on to have significant disease"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":79.21,"endTime":82.99,"body":"outcomes, like congestive heart"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":82.99,"endTime":87.4,"body":"failure, sudden cardiac death,"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":82.99,"endTime":87.4,"body":"or even blood clot formation,"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":87.4,"endTime":92.26,"body":"what we call thromboembolism."},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":87.4,"endTime":92.26,"body":"And so really, anything we can"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":92.26,"endTime":95.59,"body":"do to try and prevent or slow"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":92.26,"endTime":95.59,"body":"the disease progression of"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":95.59,"endTime":100.06,"body":"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":95.59,"endTime":100.06,"body":"going to impact a really wild"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":100.06,"endTime":105.79,"body":"number of cats along the way."},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":100.06,"endTime":105.79,"body":"Unfortunately, this disease also"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":105.79,"endTime":110.23,"body":"happens in people, it happens in"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":105.79,"endTime":110.23,"body":"about one in 500 people. And"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":110.26,"endTime":113.56,"body":"there are very few therapies"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":110.26,"endTime":113.56,"body":"that have been shown to make any"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":113.56,"endTime":117.31,"body":"difference in the subclinical"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":113.56,"endTime":117.31,"body":"phase of this disease. And we're"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":117.31,"endTime":121.6,"body":"left typically just kind of"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":117.31,"endTime":121.6,"body":"managing the outcomes of this"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":121.6,"endTime":126.16,"body":"disease as they come along at"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":121.6,"endTime":126.16,"body":"us. And so really, the work that"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":126.46,"endTime":130.33,"body":"is published in this manuscript"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":126.46,"endTime":130.33,"body":"is looking at novel"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":130.33,"endTime":133.54,"body":"interventions to try and slow"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":130.33,"endTime":133.54,"body":"down the progression of"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":133.54,"endTime":138.43,"body":"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":133.54,"endTime":138.43,"body":"an ultimate aim to stop cats"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":138.43,"endTime":142.03,"body":"from progressing to a disease"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":138.43,"endTime":142.03,"body":"outcome. So to keep them in what"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":142.03,"endTime":145.24,"body":"we would call the subclinical"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":142.03,"endTime":145.24,"body":"phase would be the ultimate goal"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":145.24,"endTime":148.45,"body":"of a therapy like this. This"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":145.24,"endTime":148.45,"body":"manuscripts really the first"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":148.45,"endTime":152.53,"body":"look at giving a novel therapy a"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":148.45,"endTime":152.53,"body":"try and seeing how it's"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":152.53,"endTime":156.07,"body":"tolerated in cats, and whether"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":152.53,"endTime":156.07,"body":"it's doing what we expect it to"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":156.07,"endTime":158.05,"body":"do at the level of their heart"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":156.07,"endTime":158.05,"body":"muscle."},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":159.75,"endTime":161.58,"body":"As a cat owner, I"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":159.75,"endTime":161.58,"body":"especially appreciate your"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":161.58,"endTime":164.58,"body":"manuscripts. I have an eight"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":161.58,"endTime":164.58,"body":"year old and a six year old, the"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":164.58,"endTime":166.62,"body":"six year old has some kidney"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":164.58,"endTime":166.62,"body":"issues. And I'm like, Please"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":166.62,"endTime":168.93,"body":"don't be the kidney and the"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":166.62,"endTime":168.93,"body":"heart cat because those are"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":168.93,"endTime":171.09,"body":"never fun to manage clinically."},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":171.57,"endTime":173.73,"body":"Absolutely,"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":171.57,"endTime":173.73,"body":"though, that is certainly a rock"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":173.73,"endTime":174.57,"body":"and a hard place."},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":174.6,"endTime":177.45,"body":"Yes, most"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":174.6,"endTime":177.45,"body":"definitely. What are some"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":177.45,"endTime":179.19,"body":"important findings from this"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":177.45,"endTime":179.19,"body":"study?"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":180.86,"endTime":183.2,"body":"Thanks for that. I"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":180.86,"endTime":183.2,"body":"think probably the most"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":183.2,"endTime":186.2,"body":"important finding for this study"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":183.2,"endTime":186.2,"body":"is that this novel therapy"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":186.2,"endTime":189.95,"body":"rapamycin, it's a delayed"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":186.2,"endTime":189.95,"body":"release rapamycin treatment"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":189.95,"endTime":196.28,"body":"option was well tolerated in the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":189.95,"endTime":196.28,"body":"cats in our study. And so we now"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":196.28,"endTime":200.72,"body":"feel confident that we can use a"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":196.28,"endTime":200.72,"body":"drug like rapamycin in patients"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":200.72,"endTime":204.86,"body":"with subclinical hypertrophic"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":200.72,"endTime":204.86,"body":"cardiomyopathy safely to get the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":204.86,"endTime":209.21,"body":"data that we need to see how it"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":204.86,"endTime":209.21,"body":"will impact disease outcomes."},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":209.6,"endTime":213.89,"body":"And then the really exciting"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":209.6,"endTime":213.89,"body":"part of the work that we did was"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":213.89,"endTime":216.71,"body":"to see that it was having the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":213.89,"endTime":216.71,"body":"targeted effects that we were"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":216.71,"endTime":220.85,"body":"looking for. So hypertrophic"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":216.71,"endTime":220.85,"body":"cardiomyopathy is a disease that"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":221.09,"endTime":225.77,"body":"causes thickening of the pumping"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":221.09,"endTime":225.77,"body":"chamber of the cat's heart, the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":225.77,"endTime":229.58,"body":"left ventricle, and that"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":225.77,"endTime":229.58,"body":"thickening of the heart leads to"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":229.58,"endTime":232.49,"body":"all of the downstream bad"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":229.58,"endTime":232.49,"body":"outcomes that happen with"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":232.49,"endTime":237.62,"body":"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. And"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":232.49,"endTime":237.62,"body":"so the idea of using rapamycin"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":237.8,"endTime":241.79,"body":"is that it modulates or alters"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":237.8,"endTime":241.79,"body":"the thickening of the heart"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":241.79,"endTime":245.21,"body":"muscle during what we call"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":241.79,"endTime":245.21,"body":"cardiac remodeling and kind of"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":245.3,"endTime":249.38,"body":"reversing that stage of disease."},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":245.3,"endTime":249.38,"body":"And so the most exciting"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":249.38,"endTime":252.92,"body":"takeaway for us was that kept"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":249.38,"endTime":252.92,"body":"that we're receiving one of the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":252.92,"endTime":256.88,"body":"dose groups of this therapy in"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":252.92,"endTime":256.88,"body":"our trial, had reverse"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":256.88,"endTime":260.45,"body":"remodeling of their hypertrophic"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":256.88,"endTime":260.45,"body":"cardiomyopathy. And so compared"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":260.45,"endTime":264.05,"body":"to cats receiving placebo, their"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":260.45,"endTime":264.05,"body":"heart muscle stayed nice and"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":264.32,"endTime":268.88,"body":"thin or thinned out a little bit"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":264.32,"endTime":268.88,"body":"compared to what it started out"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":268.88,"endTime":269.48,"body":"as."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":271.01,"endTime":272.75,"body":"Pretty"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":271.01,"endTime":272.75,"body":"fascinating. Josh, as you as you"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":272.75,"endTime":278.36,"body":"might know, I'm an equine"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":272.75,"endTime":278.36,"body":"orthopedic surgeon. So HCM is a"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":278.36,"endTime":282.32,"body":"long way from my memory bank."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":278.36,"endTime":282.32,"body":"How did you identify some"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":282.35,"endTime":284.12,"body":"clinical cats in this study?"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":285.02,"endTime":287.9,"body":"Yeah, so So the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":285.02,"endTime":287.9,"body":"diagnosis of hypertrophic"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":287.9,"endTime":291.68,"body":"cardiomyopathy is really one"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":287.9,"endTime":291.68,"body":"that is largely made by"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":291.68,"endTime":295.55,"body":"echocardiography or cardiac"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":291.68,"endTime":295.55,"body":"ultrasound of the heart. So cats"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":295.55,"endTime":299.69,"body":"are either mildly sedated or not"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":295.55,"endTime":299.69,"body":"sedated and undergo a cardiac"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":299.69,"endTime":303.74,"body":"ultrasound where we can actually"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":299.69,"endTime":303.74,"body":"measure wall thickness on"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":303.74,"endTime":306.65,"body":"imaging, and that's the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":303.74,"endTime":306.65,"body":"principal diagnostic method for"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":306.65,"endTime":309.8,"body":"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. I"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":306.65,"endTime":309.8,"body":"think a lot of cats made their"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":309.8,"endTime":313.07,"body":"way to this study, because their"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":309.8,"endTime":313.07,"body":"family veterinarians heard a"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":313.07,"endTime":317.0,"body":"heart murmur in the cat, or"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":313.07,"endTime":317.0,"body":"identified an elevation and"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":317.0,"endTime":320.6,"body":"what's known as a cardiac"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":317.0,"endTime":320.6,"body":"biomarker, like NTproBNP on"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":320.6,"endTime":323.99,"body":"routine lab work. And that"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":320.6,"endTime":323.99,"body":"spurred them to recommend that"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":323.99,"endTime":326.96,"body":"the cat's heartbeat evaluated by"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":323.99,"endTime":326.96,"body":"a cardiologist who then"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":326.96,"endTime":329.99,"body":"subsequently could identify the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":326.96,"endTime":329.99,"body":"thickening and diagnose"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":330.2,"endTime":333.8,"body":"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. And"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":330.2,"endTime":333.8,"body":"so that's our principal way of"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":333.83,"endTime":337.43,"body":"of diagnosing the disease."},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":333.83,"endTime":337.43,"body":"Unfortunately, with hypertrophic"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":337.43,"endTime":341.06,"body":"cardiomyopathy, because, in the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":337.43,"endTime":341.06,"body":"subclinical phase, it's a really"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":341.06,"endTime":345.08,"body":"silent disease. A lot of cats in"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":341.06,"endTime":345.08,"body":"the clinic actually get"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":345.08,"endTime":348.38,"body":"diagnosed at the end of their"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":345.08,"endTime":348.38,"body":"disease, when they're already in"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":348.38,"endTime":350.93,"body":"congestive heart failure and"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":348.38,"endTime":350.93,"body":"having difficulty breathing."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":352.13,"endTime":354.17,"body":"That's really"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":352.13,"endTime":354.17,"body":"that's so super cool. There's so"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":354.17,"endTime":357.14,"body":"few things that we can do other"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":354.17,"endTime":357.14,"body":"than like vaccines that are"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":357.14,"endTime":360.53,"body":"preventative. So this is, this"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":357.14,"endTime":360.53,"body":"is really ground breaking for"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":360.53,"endTime":367.49,"body":"all those cats. I love the"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":360.53,"endTime":367.49,"body":"title, RAPACAT trial. Who came"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":367.49,"endTime":368.48,"body":"up with RAPACAT?"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":369.2,"endTime":371.81,"body":"Yeah, that is that"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":369.2,"endTime":371.81,"body":"is actually a credit to my"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":371.81,"endTime":375.65,"body":"graduate students who were in"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":371.81,"endTime":375.65,"body":"the lab, and we were trying to"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":375.65,"endTime":379.55,"body":"get really creative, you know,"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":375.65,"endTime":379.55,"body":"cardiologists have a long"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":379.55,"endTime":384.68,"body":"history of thinking of amazing"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":379.55,"endTime":384.68,"body":"study titles for ongoing"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":384.68,"endTime":387.89,"body":"clinical trials. And we were"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":384.68,"endTime":387.89,"body":"coming up short when we put all"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":387.89,"endTime":391.13,"body":"of our words together to look at"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":387.89,"endTime":391.13,"body":"what we needed. And so we"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":391.13,"endTime":394.31,"body":"literally just shortened"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":391.13,"endTime":394.31,"body":"rapamycin and that we were"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":394.31,"endTime":396.98,"body":"targeting cats and to RAPACAT"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":394.31,"endTime":396.98,"body":"and it stuck."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":397.58,"endTime":400.7,"body":"That's awesome. I"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":397.58,"endTime":400.7,"body":"really like it. What personally"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":400.7,"endTime":404.18,"body":"sparked your research interest"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":400.7,"endTime":404.18,"body":"in HCM? Did you personally have"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":404.18,"endTime":408.92,"body":"a cat or did you see a couple"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":404.18,"endTime":408.92,"body":"cases as an intern or resident?"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":408.0,"endTime":412.26,"body":"Yeah, so I am"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":408.0,"endTime":412.26,"body":"really interested in"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":412.26,"endTime":416.52,"body":"cardiomyopathy is, in general,"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":412.26,"endTime":416.52,"body":"my labs research focus is really"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":416.52,"endTime":420.96,"body":"on INHERITED HEART DISEASE. And"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":416.52,"endTime":420.96,"body":"so as a geneticist, I'm really"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":420.96,"endTime":423.39,"body":"fascinated by hypertrophic"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":420.96,"endTime":423.39,"body":"cardiomyopathy, and the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":423.39,"endTime":426.36,"body":"mutations that lead to"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":423.39,"endTime":426.36,"body":"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy."},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":426.87,"endTime":429.84,"body":"That really dovetails with my"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":426.87,"endTime":429.84,"body":"clinical interest in managing"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":429.84,"endTime":434.07,"body":"chronic heart disease. I'm a"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":429.84,"endTime":434.07,"body":"kind of medical cardiologist, by"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":434.61,"endTime":438.33,"body":"design, I really liked the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":434.61,"endTime":438.33,"body":"medical cardiology, more so than"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":438.33,"endTime":443.79,"body":"interventional cardiology. And"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":438.33,"endTime":443.79,"body":"so hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":443.79,"endTime":448.5,"body":"is a disease that is incredibly"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":443.79,"endTime":448.5,"body":"frustrating, because we don't"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":448.5,"endTime":451.56,"body":"have a lot that we do before"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":448.5,"endTime":451.56,"body":"they're symptomatic. And so it's"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":451.56,"endTime":455.16,"body":"always been on my bucket list to"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":451.56,"endTime":455.16,"body":"be part of trials that might"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":455.16,"endTime":459.45,"body":"investigate novel therapies. So"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":455.16,"endTime":459.45,"body":"I really got my, my start"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":459.45,"endTime":462.42,"body":"because of my interest in"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":459.45,"endTime":462.42,"body":"genetics, and then that really"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":462.42,"endTime":465.36,"body":"piqued my clinical interest and"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":462.42,"endTime":465.36,"body":"led to all of this work with"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":465.36,"endTime":466.59,"body":"novel interventions."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":467.52,"endTime":470.52,"body":"What inspired you"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":467.52,"endTime":470.52,"body":"then to write this manuscript?"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":470.52,"endTime":472.74,"body":"It's highly collaborative,"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":470.52,"endTime":472.74,"body":"you've got a lot of the who's"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":472.74,"endTime":476.94,"body":"who on there, even I know them."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":472.74,"endTime":476.94,"body":"What inspired you to gather up"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":476.94,"endTime":480.48,"body":"everybody and really try and do"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":476.94,"endTime":480.48,"body":"this clinical trial?"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":481.17,"endTime":483.72,"body":"Yeah, this was,"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":481.17,"endTime":483.72,"body":"you know, this is a industry"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":483.72,"endTime":487.77,"body":"sponsored clinical trial. So our"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":483.72,"endTime":487.77,"body":"partners at Trivium vet had the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":487.83,"endTime":493.89,"body":"compound rapamycin, and worked"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":487.83,"endTime":493.89,"body":"really diligently to get a type"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":493.89,"endTime":496.74,"body":"of rapamycin together that would"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":493.89,"endTime":496.74,"body":"be delayed release, and could be"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":496.74,"endTime":500.46,"body":"used in an intermittent dosing"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":496.74,"endTime":500.46,"body":"schedule to really target the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":500.46,"endTime":505.02,"body":"pathway that rapamycin hits in"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":500.46,"endTime":505.02,"body":"precisely the way that we"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":505.02,"endTime":509.16,"body":"wanted. And so they actually"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":505.02,"endTime":509.16,"body":"worked and reached out to us"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":509.67,"endTime":513.57,"body":"with their compound. And then we"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":509.67,"endTime":513.57,"body":"really started diving down the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":513.57,"endTime":517.35,"body":"rabbit holes of what do we"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":513.57,"endTime":517.35,"body":"really expect this to do? What"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":517.35,"endTime":519.87,"body":"would a clinical trial with this"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":517.35,"endTime":519.87,"body":"product look like to be"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":519.87,"endTime":523.29,"body":"successful, and who are our"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":519.87,"endTime":523.29,"body":"partners that we can work with,"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":523.59,"endTime":528.24,"body":"to get this trial completed in"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":523.59,"endTime":528.24,"body":"the right number of cats at the"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":528.24,"endTime":532.38,"body":"right time, to really make a"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":528.24,"endTime":532.38,"body":"difference. And so that's when"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":532.38,"endTime":534.6,"body":"you call up your trusted"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":532.38,"endTime":534.6,"body":"colleagues and collaborators."},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":534.6,"endTime":537.78,"body":"And so Kate Meurs and team here"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":534.6,"endTime":537.78,"body":"at North Carolina State"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":537.78,"endTime":541.44,"body":"University, as well as our"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":537.78,"endTime":541.44,"body":"cardiology team at University of"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":541.44,"endTime":544.86,"body":"California Davis, have worked"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":541.44,"endTime":544.86,"body":"together on a number of trials"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":544.86,"endTime":548.13,"body":"in the past. And we just had"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":544.86,"endTime":548.13,"body":"great confidence that between"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":548.13,"endTime":550.95,"body":"those two clinical trials"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":548.13,"endTime":550.95,"body":"centers, that we could get this"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":550.95,"endTime":555.39,"body":"done even during COVID times in"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":550.95,"endTime":555.39,"body":"an effort to hopefully figure"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":555.39,"endTime":559.56,"body":"out whether it was safe and well"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":555.39,"endTime":559.56,"body":"tolerated, which it was, and"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":559.56,"endTime":562.92,"body":"whether it had the targeted"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":559.56,"endTime":562.92,"body":"effects that we predicted, which"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":562.92,"endTime":567.87,"body":"it did. So that, you know, we"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":562.92,"endTime":567.87,"body":"can move down the pathway of"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":568.02,"endTime":570.3,"body":"possible pivotal clinical trial."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":571.74,"endTime":573.93,"body":"You know, again,"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":571.74,"endTime":573.93,"body":"just a great collaborative event"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":573.93,"endTime":577.53,"body":"and super great example of how"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":573.93,"endTime":577.53,"body":"important collaboration with"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":577.53,"endTime":578.49,"body":"industry is."},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":579.81,"endTime":582.21,"body":"Yeah, I think so"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":579.81,"endTime":582.21,"body":"too. It was a really, this was a"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":582.21,"endTime":586.92,"body":"really lovely study for us to do"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":582.21,"endTime":586.92,"body":"and to work with the Trivium"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":586.92,"endTime":590.64,"body":"team and to really leverage"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":586.92,"endTime":590.64,"body":"their scientists and what they"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":590.64,"endTime":594.06,"body":"know about the pathway of"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":590.64,"endTime":594.06,"body":"rapamycin and our clinical teams"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":594.06,"endTime":596.52,"body":"and what they know about"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":594.06,"endTime":596.52,"body":"cardiology, and then our"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":596.52,"endTime":600.15,"body":"research minds and unanswered"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":596.52,"endTime":600.15,"body":"questions that we want to know"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":600.21,"endTime":604.41,"body":"So it really was a lovely"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":600.21,"endTime":604.41,"body":"collaboration. And we're looking"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":604.41,"endTime":607.35,"body":"forward to many more of those,"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":604.41,"endTime":607.35,"body":"as we answer more questions"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":607.35,"endTime":611.85,"body":"about the same compound and"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":607.35,"endTime":611.85,"body":"other disease processes, as well"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":611.85,"endTime":614.94,"body":"as the future of caps with this"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":611.85,"endTime":614.94,"body":"compound and hypertrophic"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":614.94,"endTime":615.75,"body":"cardiomyopathy."},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":617.19,"endTime":619.14,"body":"That's excellent."},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":617.19,"endTime":619.14,"body":"Your manuscript has received a"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":619.14,"endTime":623.07,"body":"lot of attention and has been"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":619.14,"endTime":623.07,"body":"mentioned by the news and 51"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":623.07,"endTime":625.89,"body":"people on Twitter. So people are"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":623.07,"endTime":625.89,"body":"talking about this and it has"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":625.89,"endTime":629.04,"body":"been noticed, I think the catchy"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":625.89,"endTime":629.04,"body":"title really does help as well"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":629.04,"endTime":631.23,"body":"as having that really great"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":629.04,"endTime":631.23,"body":"clinically applicable"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":631.23,"endTime":632.04,"body":"information."},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":632.85,"endTime":635.58,"body":"Thank you. I"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":632.85,"endTime":635.58,"body":"think, you know, there's a lot"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":635.58,"endTime":638.22,"body":"of cat owners out there that are"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":635.58,"endTime":638.22,"body":"just as frustrated with this"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":638.22,"endTime":642.33,"body":"disease as we are. Nobody likes"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":638.22,"endTime":642.33,"body":"being told that we don't have a"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":642.33,"endTime":645.57,"body":"lot that we do that makes a big"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":642.33,"endTime":645.57,"body":"difference. And so it's always"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":645.57,"endTime":648.42,"body":"great to be part of something"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":645.57,"endTime":648.42,"body":"that that can change the way we"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":648.42,"endTime":649.11,"body":"practice."},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":649.8,"endTime":653.46,"body":"Agreed, very well"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":649.8,"endTime":653.46,"body":"said. So back to you for a"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":653.46,"endTime":657.03,"body":"minute. How did your advanced"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":653.46,"endTime":657.03,"body":"training prepare you to write"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":657.03,"endTime":658.11,"body":"this manuscripts?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":659.83,"endTime":663.34,"body":"Oh, that's a great"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":659.83,"endTime":663.34,"body":"question. I mean, I, I did my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":663.46,"endTime":669.07,"body":"cardiology, residency and PhD in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":663.46,"endTime":669.07,"body":"cardiac genetics kind of,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":669.25,"endTime":673.39,"body":"concurrently. And I was really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":669.25,"endTime":673.39,"body":"fortunate to be introduced to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":673.39,"endTime":676.33,"body":"teams of clinician scientists."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":673.39,"endTime":676.33,"body":"And that's what I consider"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":676.33,"endTime":680.86,"body":"myself, we're always thinking"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":676.33,"endTime":680.86,"body":"about unanswered questions, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":680.86,"endTime":683.71,"body":"where we could make a difference"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":680.86,"endTime":683.71,"body":"in the way that we practice"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":683.71,"endTime":687.82,"body":"veterinary cardiology, as well"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":683.71,"endTime":687.82,"body":"as trying to take what we know"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":687.82,"endTime":691.54,"body":"from humans take what we know"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":687.82,"endTime":691.54,"body":"from other animals, and crossed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":691.54,"endTime":694.75,"body":"the aisle with it. And so I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":691.54,"endTime":694.75,"body":"think I principally had really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":694.75,"endTime":698.38,"body":"great role models in that area,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":694.75,"endTime":698.38,"body":"both in the more benchtop"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":698.38,"endTime":703.21,"body":"science and the clinical science"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":698.38,"endTime":703.21,"body":"along the way. And so I think my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":703.21,"endTime":706.66,"body":"training prepared me for that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":703.21,"endTime":706.66,"body":"and it fit pretty nicely. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":706.66,"endTime":711.91,"body":"then, I think, my work at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":706.66,"endTime":711.91,"body":"University of California Davis,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":712.36,"endTime":715.21,"body":"and intersection with our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":712.36,"endTime":715.21,"body":"Veterinary Center for Clinical"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":715.21,"endTime":719.2,"body":"Trials, really showed me how"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":715.21,"endTime":719.2,"body":"important getting clinical"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":719.2,"endTime":723.25,"body":"trials on the books and getting"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":719.2,"endTime":723.25,"body":"answers to whether novel"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":723.25,"endTime":732.58,"body":"therapies were going to make a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":723.25,"endTime":732.58,"body":"difference was. And so I really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":732.58,"endTime":735.43,"body":"felt like when this came along,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":732.58,"endTime":735.43,"body":"it was just the right time for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":735.43,"endTime":741.37,"body":"us to dive in and go the route"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":735.43,"endTime":741.37,"body":"of a novel therapy and see what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":741.37,"endTime":742.12,"body":"we could find."},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":743.77,"endTime":746.05,"body":"It's certainly an"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":743.77,"endTime":746.05,"body":"area of interest to make a"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":746.05,"endTime":750.7,"body":"difference. So nicely done. This"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":746.05,"endTime":750.7,"body":"is an important question for our"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":750.7,"endTime":754.63,"body":"listeners. What is one piece of"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":750.7,"endTime":754.63,"body":"information the veterinarian"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":754.66,"endTime":757.63,"body":"should know before discussing"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":754.66,"endTime":757.63,"body":"this topic with the clients?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":759.58,"endTime":762.46,"body":"That is a great"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":759.58,"endTime":762.46,"body":"question. I think veterinarians"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":762.55,"endTime":766.84,"body":"should be prepared to understand"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":762.55,"endTime":766.84,"body":"that not every cat that has"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":766.84,"endTime":770.68,"body":"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":766.84,"endTime":770.68,"body":"going to be suitable for a novel"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":770.68,"endTime":774.73,"body":"therapy like this. And we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":770.68,"endTime":774.73,"body":"really in our infancy in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":774.73,"endTime":778.63,"body":"figuring out what this drug is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":774.73,"endTime":778.63,"body":"going to do long term for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":778.63,"endTime":782.86,"body":"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":778.63,"endTime":782.86,"body":"are incredibly hopeful, but it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":782.86,"endTime":786.4,"body":"has limited the scope of animals"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":782.86,"endTime":786.4,"body":"that we have experienced using"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":786.4,"endTime":790.48,"body":"this drug in, for example, we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":786.4,"endTime":790.48,"body":"are not yet using this compound"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":790.51,"endTime":792.64,"body":"in cats that are symptomatic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":790.51,"endTime":792.64,"body":"with hypertrophic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":792.64,"endTime":796.27,"body":"cardiomyopathy. So veterinarians"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":792.64,"endTime":796.27,"body":"are no doubt going to get a lot"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":796.27,"endTime":800.71,"body":"of desperate owners where their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":796.27,"endTime":800.71,"body":"cat has an advanced stage of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":800.71,"endTime":804.4,"body":"disease and want to try this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":800.71,"endTime":804.4,"body":"compound. What I would say there"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":804.4,"endTime":808.09,"body":"is that it's probably not the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":804.4,"endTime":808.09,"body":"right time for that yet. We"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":808.09,"endTime":810.58,"body":"really investigated this in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":808.09,"endTime":810.58,"body":"subclinical hypertrophic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":810.58,"endTime":813.76,"body":"cardiomyopathy. And that's very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":810.58,"endTime":813.76,"body":"likely where a future pivotal"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":813.76,"endTime":818.98,"body":"trial is going to go. And so I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":813.76,"endTime":818.98,"body":"hope that our veterinarians that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":818.98,"endTime":822.22,"body":"are listening can bear with us,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":818.98,"endTime":822.22,"body":"and know that there's nobody"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":822.22,"endTime":825.28,"body":"that wants to advance the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":822.22,"endTime":825.28,"body":"science any faster than we do."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":825.76,"endTime":829.93,"body":"And keep an eye on the social"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":825.76,"endTime":829.93,"body":"media spaces and clinical trials"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":829.93,"endTime":833.02,"body":"pages, to see when those pivotal"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":829.93,"endTime":833.02,"body":"trials come up, because we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":833.02,"endTime":836.02,"body":"going to be looking for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":833.02,"endTime":836.02,"body":"enrollment centers around the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":836.02,"endTime":839.71,"body":"country and internationally. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":836.02,"endTime":839.71,"body":"we're going to be adding new"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":839.71,"endTime":843.97,"body":"cats to the rapamycin trials"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":839.71,"endTime":843.97,"body":"just as soon as we can to answer"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":843.97,"endTime":847.15,"body":"that next level of questioning."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":843.97,"endTime":847.15,"body":"So I think that's probably what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":847.15,"endTime":850.06,"body":"I would share with them first."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":847.15,"endTime":850.06,"body":"And then secondly, I think it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":850.06,"endTime":854.35,"body":"important to have a optimistic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":850.06,"endTime":854.35,"body":"outlook. You know, this is one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":854.35,"endTime":858.31,"body":"compound that we were very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":854.35,"endTime":858.31,"body":"fortunate to get to investigate,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":858.31,"endTime":861.67,"body":"and it made a difference. And no"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":858.31,"endTime":861.67,"body":"doubt, we're excited to see"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":861.67,"endTime":864.7,"body":"where it goes, but there could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":861.67,"endTime":864.7,"body":"even be others. So keep an eye"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":864.7,"endTime":868.27,"body":"on this space. I think research"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":864.7,"endTime":868.27,"body":"is moving at a really rapid pace"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":868.27,"endTime":868.96,"body":"in this area."},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":870.9,"endTime":873.15,"body":"And then on the"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":870.9,"endTime":873.15,"body":"flip side, what is one thing the"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":873.15,"endTime":875.22,"body":"client should know about this"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":873.15,"endTime":875.22,"body":"topic?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":877.28,"endTime":879.92,"body":"For clients, I think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":877.28,"endTime":879.92,"body":"it's important to recognize that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":879.92,"endTime":882.92,"body":"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":879.92,"endTime":882.92,"body":"disease that comes in many"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":882.92,"endTime":887.36,"body":"flavors and has many different"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":882.92,"endTime":887.36,"body":"degrees of severity. And that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":887.36,"endTime":890.12,"body":"your veterinarian is really your"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":887.36,"endTime":890.12,"body":"partner in helping you identify"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":890.12,"endTime":894.05,"body":"the best treatment path for your"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":890.12,"endTime":894.05,"body":"cat. And not all cats are going"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":894.05,"endTime":899.0,"body":"to be in the right phase to go"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":894.05,"endTime":899.0,"body":"ahead and use rapamycin at this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":899.0,"endTime":904.1,"body":"point and so I would say for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":899.0,"endTime":904.1,"body":"clients, ask the question, is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":904.1,"endTime":907.25,"body":"there anything new that we can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":904.1,"endTime":907.25,"body":"try? Understand that your"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":907.25,"endTime":910.64,"body":"veterinarian is is learning"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":907.25,"endTime":910.64,"body":"about these things just as the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":910.64,"endTime":914.42,"body":"research teams are as we go, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":910.64,"endTime":914.42,"body":"so that might change. And so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":914.63,"endTime":917.09,"body":"always check in those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":914.63,"endTime":917.09,"body":"reevaluation appointments and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":917.09,"endTime":921.05,"body":"just see whether something new"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":917.09,"endTime":921.05,"body":"is hit that they could work"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":921.05,"endTime":921.41,"body":"with."},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":923.12,"endTime":925.19,"body":"And what would you"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":923.12,"endTime":925.19,"body":"say is the most surprising"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":925.19,"endTime":928.13,"body":"finding from this manuscript?"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":925.19,"endTime":928.13,"body":"This doesn't have to be the most"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":928.13,"endTime":930.8,"body":"important one. But what was the"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":928.13,"endTime":930.8,"body":"thing that surprised you by your"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":931.22,"endTime":931.76,"body":"study?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":933.14,"endTime":937.64,"body":"I would say I've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":933.14,"endTime":937.64,"body":"learned in research that many"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":937.64,"endTime":942.32,"body":"times, you go into a project"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":937.64,"endTime":942.32,"body":"with a hypothesis, and you learn"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":942.32,"endTime":945.89,"body":"something entirely new or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":942.32,"endTime":945.89,"body":"different. And so for me, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":945.89,"endTime":949.7,"body":"most surprising thing in this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":945.89,"endTime":949.7,"body":"study was, we really did"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":949.7,"endTime":953.27,"body":"hypothesize that the lowest dose"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":949.7,"endTime":953.27,"body":"group was going to be the most"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":953.27,"endTime":956.96,"body":"successful treatment group. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":953.27,"endTime":956.96,"body":"we really did hypothesize that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":956.96,"endTime":959.72,"body":"it was going to alter wall"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":956.96,"endTime":959.72,"body":"thickening. And it was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":959.72,"endTime":964.01,"body":"surprising that we were correct."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":959.72,"endTime":964.01,"body":"It almost never happens that all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":964.01,"endTime":970.13,"body":"of your our priori, or first"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":964.01,"endTime":970.13,"body":"first go hypotheses come out to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":970.13,"endTime":974.39,"body":"be correct. And so it was both"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":970.13,"endTime":974.39,"body":"surprising and delightful to see"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":974.39,"endTime":975.89,"body":"that we were headed in the right"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":974.39,"endTime":975.89,"body":"direction."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":976.589,"endTime":979.109,"body":"It's awesome. The"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":976.589,"endTime":979.109,"body":"flip side of that Josh was not"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":979.109,"endTime":981.929,"body":"like, hey, we were wrong. So now"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":979.109,"endTime":981.929,"body":"we have more studies to do, but"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":981.929,"endTime":985.259,"body":"you obviously have plenty of"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":981.929,"endTime":985.259,"body":"studies to do. That's right."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":985.979,"endTime":990.509,"body":"It's been you can feel your"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":985.979,"endTime":990.509,"body":"passion for veterinary medicine."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":990.509,"endTime":992.969,"body":"And congratulations on your new"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":990.509,"endTime":992.969,"body":"role as Associate Dean of"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":992.969,"endTime":996.839,"body":"Research at NC State. You"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":992.969,"endTime":996.839,"body":"clearly have what we talk about"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":996.839,"endTime":999.839,"body":"in veterinary medicine is"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":996.839,"endTime":999.839,"body":"resilience and determination."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1000.169,"endTime":1001.879,"body":"Where do you think yours came"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1000.169,"endTime":1001.879,"body":"from?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1003.37,"endTime":1005.44,"body":"Oh, thank you for that."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1003.37,"endTime":1005.44,"body":"That is a that's a great"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1005.44,"endTime":1010.18,"body":"question. I mean, I think I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1005.44,"endTime":1010.18,"body":"think I have always been a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1010.18,"endTime":1015.28,"body":"person that doesn't really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1010.18,"endTime":1015.28,"body":"settle for the no answer and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1015.28,"endTime":1017.65,"body":"goes back to the drawing board"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1015.28,"endTime":1017.65,"body":"to try and figure out where I'm"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1017.65,"endTime":1019.9,"body":"going to go. And that started"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1017.65,"endTime":1019.9,"body":"when I was trying to get into"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1019.9,"endTime":1023.98,"body":"vet school, which wasn't an easy"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1019.9,"endTime":1023.98,"body":"road, back when I applied, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1024.01,"endTime":1026.59,"body":"certainly it's an even harder"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1024.01,"endTime":1026.59,"body":"road for students applying right"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1026.59,"endTime":1032.74,"body":"now. You know, as a geneticist,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1026.59,"endTime":1032.74,"body":"we often look in many, many,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1032.74,"endTime":1035.89,"body":"many haystacks before we find"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1032.74,"endTime":1035.89,"body":"the answer to a question. And so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1035.89,"endTime":1038.74,"body":"I feel like my research has"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1035.89,"endTime":1038.74,"body":"really set me up for that pretty"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1038.74,"endTime":1042.37,"body":"nicely. And I've had some pretty"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1038.74,"endTime":1042.37,"body":"amazing mentors along the way,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1043.51,"endTime":1046.21,"body":"including Kate Meurs, who's one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1043.51,"endTime":1046.21,"body":"of my lead co authors on this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1046.21,"endTime":1049.33,"body":"study, and now the Dean of our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1046.21,"endTime":1049.33,"body":"School here at NCSU."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1049.81,"endTime":1052.12,"body":"Yeah, she's"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1049.81,"endTime":1052.12,"body":"fabulous. I know what you mean."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1052.12,"endTime":1054.58,"body":"And I think people would, I'm"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1052.12,"endTime":1054.58,"body":"sure some of your friends and"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1054.58,"endTime":1057.55,"body":"colleagues and family members"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1054.58,"endTime":1057.55,"body":"when you said I always ask the"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1057.55,"endTime":1060.52,"body":"question are like listening to"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1057.55,"endTime":1060.52,"body":"like, oh, yeah, he's that one."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1062.56,"endTime":1065.32,"body":"Sometimes you're like, I'm so"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1062.56,"endTime":1065.32,"body":"tortured by that sometimes you"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1065.32,"endTime":1068.92,"body":"wish you could just like, blank"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1065.32,"endTime":1068.92,"body":"out. Why do you always like why?"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1068.95,"endTime":1070.72,"body":"Why is that? How come? Why?"},{"speaker":"Joshua Stern","startTime":1072.37,"endTime":1073.24,"body":"Exactly."},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1073.42,"endTime":1076.06,"body":"Yeah. And we know"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1073.42,"endTime":1076.06,"body":"you haven't been at your desk"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1076.06,"endTime":1078.73,"body":"for very long but we love asking"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1076.06,"endTime":1078.73,"body":"this question or this desk"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1078.73,"endTime":1082.84,"body":"anyway, what is the oldest or"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1078.73,"endTime":1082.84,"body":"the most interesting item on"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1082.84,"endTime":1084.4,"body":"your desk or in your desk"},{"speaker":"Lisa Fortier","startTime":1082.84,"endTime":1084.4,"body":"drawer?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1085.47,"endTime":1090.66,"body":"Oh, it's actually on my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1085.47,"endTime":1090.66,"body":"desk. I have a really lovely"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1091.68,"endTime":1094.95,"body":"heart model that was made by one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1091.68,"endTime":1094.95,"body":"of my mentors in my clinical"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1094.95,"endTime":1100.32,"body":"training. It has a silicone base"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1094.95,"endTime":1100.32,"body":"through the venous and arterial"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1100.32,"endTime":1103.98,"body":"system and you can take it apart"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1100.32,"endTime":1103.98,"body":"and exactly explain where"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1103.98,"endTime":1107.1,"body":"everything goes and heads and I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1103.98,"endTime":1107.1,"body":"just love that thing. I get it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1107.1,"endTime":1110.61,"body":"out and use it as my stress"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1107.1,"endTime":1110.61,"body":"reliever when I'm trying to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1110.61,"endTime":1111.78,"body":"solve a problem."},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1113.16,"endTime":1114.93,"body":"I love everyone's"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1113.16,"endTime":1114.93,"body":"answers that question. We"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1114.93,"endTime":1119.13,"body":"recently had a podcast about"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1114.93,"endTime":1119.13,"body":"another cat topic as well. And"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1119.52,"endTime":1125.22,"body":"there's someone had like an old"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1119.52,"endTime":1125.22,"body":"foreign body from a cat. I feel"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1125.22,"endTime":1128.31,"body":"do that really does align with a"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1125.22,"endTime":1128.31,"body":"person's academic interests as"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1128.31,"endTime":1129.39,"body":"well, which is quite funny."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1130.35,"endTime":1133.17,"body":"I would have happily"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1130.35,"endTime":1133.17,"body":"shown it to you except for it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1133.17,"endTime":1135.81,"body":"in one of the boxes behind me"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1133.17,"endTime":1135.81,"body":"because it hasn't been unpacked"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1135.81,"endTime":1136.74,"body":"yet with my move."},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1136.92,"endTime":1138.36,"body":"I think it's"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1136.92,"endTime":1138.36,"body":"understandable. You said it's"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1138.36,"endTime":1142.8,"body":"been like eight days. No"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1138.36,"endTime":1142.8,"body":"worries. But just thank you"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1142.8,"endTime":1145.11,"body":"again, Joshua. We really"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1142.8,"endTime":1145.11,"body":"appreciate your time today and"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1145.11,"endTime":1148.26,"body":"for joining us and sharing your"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1145.11,"endTime":1148.26,"body":"manuscript with JAVMA. And also"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1148.26,"endTime":1151.86,"body":"now with all of our Veterinary"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1148.26,"endTime":1151.86,"body":"Vertex listeners. Thank you so"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1151.86,"endTime":1156.42,"body":"much. And to our listeners, you"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1151.86,"endTime":1156.42,"body":"can read Joshua's manuscript on"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1156.42,"endTime":1159.54,"body":"our journals' website and in"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1156.42,"endTime":1159.54,"body":"print JAVMA. I am Sarah Wright"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1159.54,"endTime":1162.57,"body":"with Lisa Fortier. We want to"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1159.54,"endTime":1162.57,"body":"thank each of you for joining us"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1162.6,"endTime":1165.75,"body":"on this episode of the"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1162.6,"endTime":1165.75,"body":"Veterinary Vertex podcast. We"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1165.75,"endTime":1168.66,"body":"love sharing cutting edge"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1165.75,"endTime":1168.66,"body":"veterinary research with you and"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1168.66,"endTime":1171.6,"body":"we want to hear from you. Be"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1168.66,"endTime":1171.6,"body":"sure to leave us a rating review"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1171.63,"endTime":1173.85,"body":"on Apple podcasts or whatever"},{"speaker":"Sarah Wright","startTime":1171.63,"endTime":1173.85,"body":"platform you listen to"}]}