1715 Treasure Coast Financial Wellness with Thomas Davies

Roth Conversions: Turn Market Volatility Into Tax-Free Wealth

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Market downturns aren't just bad news — for high-net-worth investors, they can be one of the most powerful tax planning opportunities of your financial life. In this episode, we break down Roth conversions and why market volatility may actually be the perfect time to act. When asset values dip, converting pre-tax retirement dollars to a Roth IRA costs you less in taxes today — and positions those assets to recover and grow completely tax-free. This isn't generic advice from a national wirehouse. This is fiduciary, fee-based financial planning built for investors with $1 million or more in pre-tax retirement assets who are serious about long-term wealth management. Whether you're approaching retirement or already in it, understanding this strategy could reshape your financial future. Ready to talk? Schedule a complimentary discovery call at TDWealth.net. For educational purposes only. Not investment advice. 📖 Full show notes: https://tdwealth.net/roth-conversions-turn-market-volatility-into-tax-free-wealth/

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SPEAKER_00

You know, um usually when you look at the stock market and see just like a sea of red, right? Tickers dropping, headlines blaring about a correction, the natural human instinct is absolute panic. Oh yeah.

SPEAKER_01

Pure panic.

SPEAKER_00

Right. I mean you check your retirement accounts, you wince at the balance and you just kind of hope it bounces back. But uh then you flip the script and look at how ultra high net worth investors react to that exact same sea of red.

SPEAKER_01

Aaron Powell Yeah. And they they are panicking at all.

SPEAKER_00

Exactly. They are quietly going to work because they actually see a massive money-saving opportunity in all that chaos. Trevor Burrus, Jr.

SPEAKER_01

It's you know, it's the ultimate contrarian mindset. While everyone else is selling out of fear or they're just paralyzed by the news, the wealthy are executing these highly precise tax strategies to capitalize on the dip.

SPEAKER_00

Which brings us to our mission for today. We want to welcome you to this deep dive where we are unpacking a masterclass in this exact strategy.

SPEAKER_01

And we have some incredible source material for this one.

SPEAKER_00

We really do. We've got this incredibly detailed advisory article written by Thomas Davies. He's with Davies Wealth Management, which is a fee-based fiduciary firm based out of Stewart, Florida.

SPEAKER_01

Right. And this material was actually put together for a financial wellness audio series broadcast out of the Treasure Coast.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah, the 1715 Treasure Coast Financial Wellness Podcast. And um uh the focal point of his analysis is how market downturns create this very specific window to execute Roth conversions.

SPEAKER_01

Exactly. It's about using the volatility to your advantage.

SPEAKER_00

So we're gonna explore how you can use this exact tax planning strategy to literally shelter hundreds of thousands of dollars from the IRS. So, okay, let's untack this.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, let's get into the mechanics.

SPEAKER_00

Since you listening are likely already familiar with the basic tax-free growth mechanics of a Roth, we don't need to rehash all the 101 level stuff. But what we really need to understand is why a market crash is like the secret ingredient to a massive tax arbitrage.

SPEAKER_01

Aaron Powell Right. Well, the leverage here is all about valuation. You know, when the broad market takes a dive, the paper value of the assets sitting in your pre-tax accounts drops temporarily.

SPEAKER_00

Okay.

SPEAKER_01

That means you have this unique window to move the exact same number of shares, but at a significantly lower taxable value. And uh Dadies actually uses a brilliant concrete example in his article to illustrate just the sheer scale of these savings.

SPEAKER_00

Let's let's visualize the math on this because it's kind of mind-blowing. So imagine I hold 10,000 shares of a broad equity fund in my pre-tax account.

SPEAKER_01

Okay, 10,000 shares.

SPEAKER_00

Right. And in a normal calm market, let's say those shares are trading at $100 each. So that is a $1 million position.

SPEAKER_01

Which is a nice position to have.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah, exactly. But if I decide to convert those shares to a Roth today, I mean, I have to recognize $1 million in ordinary income on my tax return for this year.

SPEAKER_01

Which generates a brutal tax bill. Especially if you're already in a high bracket. I mean you're paying top dollar.

SPEAKER_00

Right, right. But let's say a market correction happens instead. You know, the market gets spooked, algorithmic trading takes over, and those exact same shares drop by 30%.

SPEAKER_01

A pretty standard bear market move.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah. So now they're sitting at $70 a share instead of a hundred. If I execute the conversion during this dip, I'm still moving all $10,000 shares into the Roth. But because the market is down, the IRS only sees a $700,000 conversion. Exactly. I just made $300,000 of taxable income legally vanish from this year's calculations.

SPEAKER_01

It's it really is that simple. That is the core mechanism. You only recognize the $700,000. Yeah. Now, you know, when the market inevitably recovers, because we are operating on a multi-decade investing horizon here. Let's say those shares bounce back to $130 a share over the next few years, that entire recovery happens inside the Roth wrapper. Oh, wow. So that $300,000 in recovered gains plus all the future compounding growth is completely invisible to the IRS forever.

SPEAKER_00

Aaron Powell Let me just make sure I'm quantifying this correctly because the numbers get huge. If I'm a taxpayer in, say, I don't know, the 35% or 37% marginal bracket.

SPEAKER_01

Right, the top tiers.

SPEAKER_00

Converting during that 30% dip rather than the calm market saves me um what, like over a hundred grand?

SPEAKER_01

Yeah. That simple timing difference saves you about $105,000 in upfront taxes compared to doing it when the market was calm.

SPEAKER_00

That is wild. It's like walking into a high-end boutique and buying luxury items on a clearance rack. And the IRS basically agrees to only ever tax you on that clearance price.

SPEAKER_01

Aaron Powell That's a perfect way to look at it.

SPEAKER_00

And even when the item appreciates back to its full retail value, they can't touch the difference. But wait, if the math is this much of a slam dunk, why wouldn't mass market investors do this too? Like why is this specifically characterized as a strategy for the wealthy?

SPEAKER_01

Aaron Powell Well, and that that is the structural catch, right? Mass market investors with smaller balances often lack the liquidity outside of their retirement accounts to pull this off.

SPEAKER_00

Oh, because of the tax bill.

SPEAKER_01

Exactly. You still have to pay the upfront tax bill. That $245,000 in our example, that has to come out of pocket. So if the vast majority of your wealth is tied up in your traditional IRA and your primary residence, you can't just easily generate a quarter million dollars in cash to pay the IRS today without, you know, liquidating assets and causing other financial damage.

SPEAKER_00

Aaron Powell That makes total sense. You really need a war chest to make this happen. High net worth investors have diversified income sources. I mean, they have taxable brokerage accounts, substantial cash reserves, uh maybe real estate income. Trevor Burrus, Jr. Right.

SPEAKER_01

They have options.

SPEAKER_00

They have the financial infrastructure to absorb that massive six-figure upfront hit just to secure the long-term tax-free leverage.

SPEAKER_01

Aaron Powell Precisely. And knowing you have the cash is really only step one. Because, you know, if the math is that compelling, you can't just pick any random asset in your portfolio to convert.

SPEAKER_00

What do you mean?

SPEAKER_01

Well, not everything in your portfolio reacts to a market panic the exact same way.

SPEAKER_00

Right, right. Because during a correction, high quality municipal bonds might hold relatively steady or I guess even go up if interest rates drop, while you know, tech stocks or aggressive growth funds might just fall off a cliff.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, you're hitting on the core tension of the strategy right there.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah.

SPEAKER_01

Growth stocks in equity funds have much higher beta, meaning they dropped faster and further than bonds. Okay. So when a correction hits, a sophisticated investor doesn't just convert a flat cross section of their entire portfolio.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah.

SPEAKER_01

You selectively cherry pick and convert the most beaten-down positions first.

SPEAKER_00

Because they have the most coiled spring potential. Like you want the asset that dropped 40% because when it snaps back to its historical mean, that massive aggressive bounce back happens entirely in the tax-free environment.

SPEAKER_01

Exactly. And taking that a step further, it also means you leave the stable assets, like your bonds, over in the pre-tax account.

SPEAKER_00

Oh, interesting.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah. I mean, you don't want to waste your conversion dollars paying taxes on an asset that is only going to grow at like 4% a year. You want to pay taxes on the asset that has the potential to double in the next five years.

SPEAKER_00

Aaron Powell That is so smart. So that covers the asset selection, but that naturally brings us to the timeline. Because even if you pick the perfect beaten-down stock, if you execute this conversion while you are at the peak of your earning years, say you just got a massive executive bonus or something, the tax math is going to just fall apart. You're just stacking taxable income on top of taxable income.

SPEAKER_01

Which introduces the concept of the income gap. So we are shifting our focus here from market timing to lifetiming. Trevor Burrus, Jr.

SPEAKER_00

Okay. Lifetiming. I like that.

SPEAKER_01

Aaron Powell For wealthy individuals, you know, executives retiring or perhaps business owners selling their companies, there is usually a finite, predictable window of time where their earned income suddenly evaporates.

SPEAKER_00

Just drops to zero.

SPEAKER_01

Aaron Powell Right. It's the years between when they stop receiving a massive salary and when Social Security or required minimum distributions RMDs kick in.

SPEAKER_00

Right. And just a level set for everyone, RMDs currently start at age 73, right? And Social Security is usually delayed until age 70 to maximize the benefit.

SPEAKER_01

Aaron Powell Yes, exactly. So imagine a business owner who sells their company at, say, 62.

SPEAKER_00

Okay.

SPEAKER_01

For the next eight to eleven years, their W-2 income is virtually zero. But they haven't been forced by the government to start pulling money out of their pre-tax accounts yet.

SPEAKER_00

So their tax bracket just artificially plummets.

SPEAKER_01

Exactly. And to truly understand the power of this, you have to think of the progressive tax system as a series of buckets. When your earned income drops, your lowest buckets, the 10%, 12%, 22%, and 24% brackets, they are sitting completely empty.

SPEAKER_00

Wow. Okay.

SPEAKER_01

So you're essentially buying up that empty space. If you can combine a market correction with one of these income gap years, you get what Davies calls a double discount.

SPEAKER_00

A double discount.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah. You have a significantly lower account value because the market is down, plus you have a lower effective tax rate because you're filling up those 24% or 32% buckets instead of paying at the top 37% marginal rate.

SPEAKER_00

Okay, but here's where it gets really interesting to me. If I have this magical income gap, right, I've got these empty tax buckets and the market is just bleeding. Why not just back up the truck? Why not convert my entire $2 million traditional IRA all at once right now while things are historically cheap?

SPEAKER_01

And that that right there is the most dangerous temptation, and giving into it will completely destroy the entire strategy. If you convert $2 million all at once, you instantly overflow all those lower buckets and blast yourself right back into the highest possible tax bracket.

SPEAKER_00

Oh.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, you just vaporize the tax advantage of your income gap year because the IRS treats that entire conversion as ordinary income.

SPEAKER_00

I see. So the sweet spot isn't a sledgehammer, it's a scalpel.

SPEAKER_01

It requires intense restraint. The goal for wealthy retirees is to execute systematic surgical conversions of maybe $150,000 to $400,000 per year, and you spread that out over five to ten years. Uh okay. Fill up your current lower tax bracket, but you halt the conversion right before you cross the line into the next highest bracket.

SPEAKER_00

It's a game of absolute precision. And uh if you aren't precise, you don't just pay a little more in income tax, right? You trigger secondary penalties. Because that brings us to the dreaded IRMA cliff. And honestly, IRMAA just sounds like a terrible place to go hiking. What exactly is it?

SPEAKER_01

It does sound bad, doesn't it? It stands for the Medicare Income Related Monthly Adjustment Amount.

SPEAKER_00

Gotta love bureaucratic acronyms.

SPEAKER_01

Always. But it is essentially a hidden tax. It's a surcharge on your Medicare Part B and Part D premiums. The government sets very specific income thresholds, and what makes IRMA so incredibly dangerous is that it is not a progressive phase out.

SPEAKER_00

What do you mean?

SPEAKER_01

It is a hard cliff. If your modified adjusted gross income crosses one of these lines, even by a single dollar you fall off the cliff. You go from paying standard Medicare premiums to suddenly getting hit with thousands of dollars in surcharges.

SPEAKER_00

Wait, just for crossing the line by one dollar?

SPEAKER_01

One dollar.

SPEAKER_00

How much of a penalty are we actually talking about here?

SPEAKER_01

Well, an unplanned, overly aggressive Roth conversion that pushes a couple over a higher IMAA threshold that can easily result in $5,000 to $10,000 in unexpected annual Medicare surcharges.

SPEAKER_00

That is completely absurd. But I imagine market volatility helps soften this blow, right? Because lower share prices mean I can convert more actual shares of my investments while keeping my recognized income just underneath that IRMAA cliff.

SPEAKER_01

Yes, exactly. It is really the only way to maximize the maneuver. But there is a massive trap here regarding how Medicare calculates that income. Uh-oh. They don't look at what you are making right now. Medicare uses a two-year look back rule.

SPEAKER_00

Wait, a two-year look back. So what does this all mean? If I make a sloppy massive Roth conversion today, let's say in 2026, and accidentally cross the line, well, Medicare isn't going to bill me now. They are going to send me a surprise penalty bill in 2028.

SPEAKER_01

That is exactly how the bureaucracy functions. The conversion you do today dictates the Medicare premiums you pay 24 months from now.

SPEAKER_00

That is a terrifying bureaucratic landmine.

SPEAKER_01

Which is why Davies Wealth Management emphasizes that precision modeling is mandatory. You cannot eyeball this. You have to map out exactly where those cliffs are two years in advance. And you have to factor in your conversions, your dividends, your capital gains, everything.

SPEAKER_00

Oh, okay. So high taxes and surprise Medicare penalties are the primary enemies of a good conversion. How do high net worth investors neutralize those threats? Like, if the goal is to convert as much as possible during a dip without crossing these cliffs, there has to be a way to offset all this new taxable income.

SPEAKER_01

There is a highly effective offset, and it relies on strategic philanthropy. High net worth individuals routinely care their conversions with charitable giving in the exact same tax year.

SPEAKER_00

Using specific vehicles, I imagine, not just writing a random check.

SPEAKER_01

Exactly. Often they utilize a donor advised fund or a DF. And to understand why this is so powerful, we have to look at the mechanics of a DF.

SPEAKER_00

Okay, let's hear it.

SPEAKER_01

When you put money into a donor-advised fund, you get an immediate, massive tax deduction for that specific year. But you don't have to distribute the money to actual charities immediately.

SPEAKER_00

Oh, really?

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, you can invest it inside the fund and grant it out over the next decade.

SPEAKER_00

So let me put this together with the conversion strategy. Let's say I execute a $300,000 Roth conversion during a massive market dip. I've got $300,000 of new taxable income sitting on my ledger. But in that exact same year, I make a $100,000 contribution of highly appreciated stock to my donor advice fund.

SPEAKER_01

You see in the architecture now?

SPEAKER_00

It's like a financial Seesaw. The Roth conversion pushes my taxable income way up, threatening to push me over an IRMAGA cliff. But the massive charitable deduction from the DAF pushes my taxable income right back down, keeping me perfectly balanced in my current tax bracket.

SPEAKER_01

Trevor Burrus That is a phenomenal analogy. The Seesaw.

SPEAKER_00

Yes.

SPEAKER_01

The DAF contribution wipes out a massive portion of the recognized income from the conversion. It effectively anchors you safely in your target tax bucket.

SPEAKER_00

That is incredibly elegant. You get to move assets to a tax-free environment, you secure your philanthropic legacy, and you dodge the Medicare penalty all in one move.

SPEAKER_01

Aaron Powell It's a win-win-win.

SPEAKER_00

But what if philanthropy isn't a major part of your plan? Are there other structural ways to avoid getting crushed by taxes on the conversion?

SPEAKER_01

The other major structural lever is geography. Or, more specifically, your legal domicile. Ignoring state lines is a massive unforced error.

SPEAKER_00

Oh, right, because state income taxes vary so wildly from state to state.

SPEAKER_01

Exactly. Federal tax planning is really only half the battlefield. Let's imagine you currently live in a high-tax state, say California or New York, where state income taxes can easily exceed 9%.

SPEAKER_00

Gouch, yeah.

SPEAKER_01

But you're planning to retire and establish residency in a zero income tax state like Florida.

SPEAKER_00

Where coincidentally Davies Wealth Management happens to be located.

SPEAKER_01

Right. Now establishing domicile isn't just spending the winter there. It requires legal intent. You know, changing your driver's license, registering to vote, spending the majority of your days there. Right. If you get impatient and execute a $500,000 conversion while you are still legally a resident of that 9% state, you just voluntarily cost yourself $45,000 in state taxes.

SPEAKER_00

Oh man, just setting money on fire.

SPEAKER_01

Exactly. If you simply delay the conversion until the paperwork is filed and your Florida residency is legally established, that $45,000 stays in your portfolio to compound tax-free forever.

SPEAKER_00

That is a staggering amount of money just for checking the wrong box on your residency timeline.

SPEAKER_01

It really is.

SPEAKER_00

Okay. So we've covered the valuation mechanics, the asset selection, the income gap, the IRMAA cliffs, and the philanthropic and geographic offsets. But this brings me to a much bigger question. That's you're right. A lot of the high net worth folks I know aren't just planning for their own retirement consumption. They are actively thinking about their kids and grandkids. How does this strategy impact generational wealth?

SPEAKER_01

Well, what's fascinating here is that while we've been framing this primarily as a retirement strategy, it is arguably one of the most powerful estate planning tools available today, largely due to recent legislative changes.

SPEAKER_00

You're talking about the Secure Act and the new inheritance rules on IRAs, right?

SPEAKER_01

Yes, exactly. Before 2020, if your kids inherited your pre-tax IRA, they could stretch the distributions over their entire lifetime, meaning they were just taking out tiny slivers and keeping the tax impact minimal. Right. The Secure Act killed that. Under current law, if a non-spouse aid heir, like an adult child, inherits a traditional IRA, they are legally forced to drain that entire account within 10 years.

SPEAKER_00

And every single dollar they pull out of that inherited pre-tax account is taxed as ordinary income.

SPEAKER_01

Precisely. Now layer that on top of the life timeline we discussed earlier. If your kids inherit your IRA when you pass away, they're likely in their 40s or 50s.

SPEAKER_00

They are in their peak earning years. Yes. So imagine a 55-year-old doctor inheriting a $1 million IRA from their parents. They are already in the 37% tax bracket. Now the government is forcing them to pull out $100,000 a year from this inherited account.

SPEAKER_01

Every year for a decade.

SPEAKER_00

You are dumping a massive pile of taxable income onto them exactly when their tax brackets are at their absolute highest. They are losing 37%, maybe more with state taxes, of your life savings straight to the IRS.

SPEAKER_01

Which is why a strategic Roth conversion is often framed by state attorneys as gift to your heirs tomorrow.

SPEAKER_00

Oh, I like that.

SPEAKER_01

If you execute the conversion now, paying the tax at your lower 24% rate during one of your income gap years, you permanently remove that massive burden from your children.

SPEAKER_00

Wow.

SPEAKER_01

Inherited Roth IRAs still have that 10-year distribution rule, but the critical difference is that every single dollar your kids take out is 100% tax-free.

SPEAKER_00

You are systematically transferring wealth across generations at a massive discount.

SPEAKER_01

Absolutely.

SPEAKER_00

But there is a trap here, too, isn't there? You mentioned earlier you have to pay the tax bill from outside funds.

SPEAKER_01

This is the golden rule of Roth conversions, and it honestly cannot be overstated. You must never pay the conversion tax from the IRA itself.

SPEAKER_00

Well, why? Wouldn't it just be easier to withhold, say, 24% for taxes at the time of the conversion and move the remaining 76% to the Roth, like a normal paycheck?

SPEAKER_01

I mean, it is easier, sure, but it is financially destructive. First, it permanently reduces the amount of capital that actually makes it into the Roth, which severely blunts your decades of tax-free compounding.

SPEAKER_00

Right.

SPEAKER_01

You are starving the most powerful wealth-building engine you have. And second, if you happen to be under 59 and a half, any funds you withhold from the IRA to pay the tax are legally considered an early withdrawal.

SPEAKER_00

Oh no, you get penalized for paying your taxes.

SPEAKER_01

Yes. You get hit with a 10% early withdrawal penalty on the amount you use to pay the tax. It is a compounding error. You must always use outside taxable brokerage funds or cash savings to pay the IRS.

SPEAKER_00

Okay, looking at the big picture here, this is an incredibly complex web. We're talking progressive bracket management, asset location, 10-year inheritance rules, two-year Medicare lookbacks, a charitable trusts, state domicile laws. It's a lot. I can see why the Davies article draws such a sharp distinction between a fiduciary advisor and a standard financial broker.

SPEAKER_01

The contract is really night and day. If you go to a broker at a massive national warehouse, their guidance on this topic is usually a very generic surface level observation, something like Roth conversions are generally good.

SPEAKER_00

Basically just do it.

SPEAKER_01

Right. But they aren't building the multi-year projections. A fee-only fiduciary, someone who is legally obligated to act in your best interest and doesn't make commissions on trades, they coordinate this entire symphony. Yeah. They are actively working with your CPA and your estate attorney to ensure all these moving parts align perfectly. Trevor Burrus, Jr.

SPEAKER_00

And there's real empirical data backing up why that technical coordination matters, right? The source article cites Vanguard's research on this.

SPEAKER_01

Yes. Vanguard has a well-documented concept called Advisors Alpha. Their research shows that this kind of personalized, highly technical wealth management adds about 3% in net returns annually to a portfolio.

SPEAKER_00

3%.

SPEAKER_01

And to be clear, that 3% doesn't come from magically picking better stocks. It comes heavily from behavioral coaching, asset location, and highly engineered tax planning, specifically systematic Roth conversions.

SPEAKER_00

So what does that fiduciary process actually look like in practice? Because mapping out IRMAA cliffs and charitable offsets, that can't just be something you scramble to do on New Year's Eve.

SPEAKER_01

No, not at all. It is a relentless year-round discipline. Davies maps out the ideal cadence perfectly in the article. In January, you model the year's projected income to see exactly how much bracket space you have available.

SPEAKER_00

Okay, starting early.

SPEAKER_01

Then in Q1 and Q2, you are strictly monitoring the market, waiting for volatility to create those discounted entry points we talked about.

SPEAKER_00

Right.

SPEAKER_01

In Q3, you finalize the target conversion amounts based on the year-to-date reality. In October and November, you actually execute the conversion and coordinate the estimated tax payments with your CPA. And then in December, you do a final review for any last-minute charitable opportunities.

SPEAKER_00

But wait, if the process dictates that I wait until November to see exactly where my income lands for the year, how on earth do I capture a market dip that happens randomly in March? By November, the market might have fully recovered and the discount is just gone.

SPEAKER_01

What's fascinating here is how top fiduciaries solve that exact sequencing problem. They do not wait for November to do the math.

SPEAKER_00

How do they do it?

SPEAKER_01

They utilize specialized software to maintain what are called rolling tax projections.

SPEAKER_00

Ah, so they already know the parameters.

SPEAKER_01

Exactly. The analytical framework is already built and is constantly being updated with your live financial data. So if the market crashes by 15% on a random Tuesday in March, they don't need a week to figure out what to do. Wow. They know within hours exactly how much bracketabase you have, which specific assets are beaten down the most, and whether the dip opens a window worth taking. They can strike immediately.

SPEAKER_00

It's entirely proactive.

SPEAKER_01

The investors who win are the ones who arrive at the market correction already prepared.

SPEAKER_00

So bringing this all together for you listening, the big takeaway here is that market volatility isn't a crisis. It is a highly profitable, finite window of opportunities.

SPEAKER_01

A huge opportunity.

SPEAKER_00

But it is absolutely not something you can just wing on a Saturday afternoon. Between maximizing those income gap years, tiptoeing around those hidden IRMEA thresholds, avoiding state tax traps, and navigating those massive ten-year inheritance rules for your kids, a Roth conversion requires a scalpel, not a sledgehammer.

SPEAKER_01

It requires intention, liquidity, and a really robust advisory infrastructure.

SPEAKER_00

And if you want to see exactly how that infrastructure works in practice, Davies Wealth Management actually offers a Medicare IRMAA planning guide to help map out those cliffs.

SPEAKER_01

Which is incredibly helpful.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah. Plus, they offer complementary fiduciary audits to help investors model these exact volatility-driven strategies for their specific situations. It's an incredibly smart place to start if you want to see the math applied to your own portfolio.

SPEAKER_01

It is a great resource. But if we connect this to the bigger picture, it raises a really important question for you to consider on your own.

SPEAKER_00

Well, tear it.

SPEAKER_01

We've established today that you must pay the conversion tax bill from funds outside your IRA to make this math work.

SPEAKER_00

Right. The golden rule. Never use the IRA money to pay the toll.

SPEAKER_01

But if you know that market volatility is a guaranteed unavoidable part of a multi-decade investing horizon, how should you be restructuring your liquid taxable accounts today so that you have enough cash on hand to buy those massive tax discounts tomorrow?

SPEAKER_00

Oh, that is a brilliant puzzle to leave everyone with. You really have to build the war chest before the battle even starts. Thank you so much for joining us on this deep dive. Keep asking questions, keep looking for the underlying mechanics, and we'll catch you next time.