{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Daniele Swetnam","startTime":11.46,"endTime":13.8,"body":"Welcome to the"},{"speaker":"Daniele Swetnam","startTime":11.46,"endTime":13.8,"body":"infectious Science Podcast. This"},{"speaker":"Daniele Swetnam","startTime":13.8,"endTime":17.4,"body":"is not just another Science"},{"speaker":"Daniele Swetnam","startTime":13.8,"endTime":17.4,"body":"Podcast Nope. Infectious science"},{"speaker":"Daniele Swetnam","startTime":17.4,"endTime":19.86,"body":"is produced by a team from the"},{"speaker":"Daniele Swetnam","startTime":17.4,"endTime":19.86,"body":"University of Texas Medical"},{"speaker":"Daniele Swetnam","startTime":19.86,"endTime":21.15,"body":"Branch and the Galveston"},{"speaker":"Daniele Swetnam","startTime":19.86,"endTime":21.15,"body":"national"},{"speaker":"Matt Dacso","startTime":21.15,"endTime":23.52,"body":"lab where we study"},{"speaker":"Matt Dacso","startTime":21.15,"endTime":23.52,"body":"some of the most dangerous"},{"speaker":"Matt Dacso","startTime":23.52,"endTime":25.59,"body":"viruses on the planet. Our goal"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":25.62,"endTime":28.05,"body":"is to inspire future"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":25.62,"endTime":28.05,"body":"scientists towards a career in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":28.05,"endTime":31.5,"body":"science with a focus on one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":28.05,"endTime":31.5,"body":"health, one health one planet."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":31.65,"endTime":34.17,"body":"That's right. One of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":31.65,"endTime":34.17,"body":"approaches public health threats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":34.17,"endTime":37.29,"body":"by examining the connections"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":34.17,"endTime":37.29,"body":"between people, plants, animals"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":37.32,"endTime":38.73,"body":"and the environment we all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":37.32,"endTime":38.73,"body":"share."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":39.06,"endTime":42.99,"body":"This show will explore how one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":39.06,"endTime":42.99,"body":"health is your health. So sit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":42.99,"endTime":43.29,"body":"back"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":43.29,"endTime":46.11,"body":"and learn something infectious"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":43.29,"endTime":46.11,"body":"science where enthusiasm for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":46.11,"endTime":46.71,"body":"science"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":46.979,"endTime":53.399,"body":"is contagious. By now, if you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":46.979,"endTime":53.399,"body":"are living on planet Earth, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":53.399,"endTime":56.249,"body":"have heard of coronaviruses"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":53.399,"endTime":56.249,"body":"Coronavirus, has had have been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":56.249,"endTime":59.399,"body":"present in the animal kingdom"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":56.249,"endTime":59.399,"body":"for a very long time and have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":59.399,"endTime":62.159,"body":"been on the radar of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":59.399,"endTime":62.159,"body":"veterinarians for many decades."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":62.429,"endTime":66.179,"body":"In today's episode, we are going"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":62.429,"endTime":66.179,"body":"to talk about a Coronavirus that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":66.209,"endTime":70.259,"body":"only infects cats and is almost"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":66.209,"endTime":70.259,"body":"always fatal. This isn't a new"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":70.259,"endTime":73.919,"body":"disease. And don't worry, cats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":70.259,"endTime":73.919,"body":"cannot transmit this Coronavirus"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":73.919,"endTime":77.099,"body":"to people but it can have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":73.919,"endTime":77.099,"body":"serious implications for Animal"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":77.099,"endTime":80.429,"body":"Health. And here's the catch."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":77.099,"endTime":80.429,"body":"There may be a cure, but it is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":80.429,"endTime":83.219,"body":"not easy to get your hands on."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":80.429,"endTime":83.219,"body":"The following discussion"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":83.219,"endTime":85.949,"body":"illustrates the connection"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":83.219,"endTime":85.949,"body":"between animal health science,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":85.949,"endTime":89.429,"body":"the drug industry and society."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":85.949,"endTime":89.429,"body":"It's a clear example that helps"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":89.429,"endTime":92.339,"body":"to define the One Health"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":89.429,"endTime":92.339,"body":"approach. Thanks for tuning in."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":92.339,"endTime":96.089,"body":"We hope you learned something."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":92.339,"endTime":96.089,"body":"The following story is based on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":96.089,"endTime":98.909,"body":"true events, but the names of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":96.089,"endTime":98.909,"body":"people in places have been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":98.909,"endTime":99.629,"body":"changed."},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":101.73,"endTime":103.08,"body":"Hey, guys, how"},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":101.73,"endTime":103.08,"body":"are you doing?"},{"speaker":"Connie Holubar","startTime":103.319,"endTime":106.469,"body":"Oh, hey, yes."},{"speaker":"Connie Holubar","startTime":103.319,"endTime":106.469,"body":"Good to see you. Have you been"},{"speaker":"Connie Holubar","startTime":106.499,"endTime":110.969,"body":"Danielle was just telling me the"},{"speaker":"Connie Holubar","startTime":106.499,"endTime":110.969,"body":"story about you and your cat?"},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":111.719,"endTime":114.119,"body":"Yeah, the last"},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":111.719,"endTime":114.119,"body":"week has been pretty rough for"},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":114.119,"endTime":116.999,"body":"me. I don't know if I told you,"},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":114.119,"endTime":116.999,"body":"Connie. But you know, in the"},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":116.999,"endTime":120.779,"body":"past year, I started fostering"},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":116.999,"endTime":120.779,"body":"and recently I started fostering"},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":120.779,"endTime":124.589,"body":"a cat from the animal shelter."},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":120.779,"endTime":124.589,"body":"They had an emergency because so"},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":124.589,"endTime":127.349,"body":"many people are surrendering the"},{"speaker":"Bente, Dennis A.","startTime":124.589,"endTime":127.349,"body":"cats and dogs."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":127.439,"endTime":129.329,"body":"I've heard about this."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":127.439,"endTime":129.329,"body":"I've actually read about it,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":129.329,"endTime":133.049,"body":"too. I didn't know you were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":129.329,"endTime":133.049,"body":"fostering but I did hear that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":133.049,"endTime":136.109,"body":"shelters nationwide are facing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":133.049,"endTime":136.109,"body":"really large numbers of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":136.109,"endTime":139.649,"body":"relinquished animals really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":136.109,"endTime":139.649,"body":"since COVID. And they're at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":139.679,"endTime":143.459,"body":"desperate situations. What do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":139.679,"endTime":143.459,"body":"you think that is? Well, from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":143.459,"endTime":146.369,"body":"what I've read, a lot of it has"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":143.459,"endTime":146.369,"body":"to do with the fact that people"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":146.369,"endTime":149.399,"body":"went out during COVID and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":146.369,"endTime":149.399,"body":"adopted animals because they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":149.399,"endTime":152.339,"body":"were home and they had time to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":149.399,"endTime":152.339,"body":"do the training and the walking"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":152.339,"endTime":155.399,"body":"and then everybody went back to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":152.339,"endTime":155.399,"body":"work and situation normal and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":155.459,"endTime":158.579,"body":"the victims then become the dogs"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":155.459,"endTime":158.579,"body":"and cats and they're being taken"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":158.579,"endTime":161.519,"body":"aback. I also heard too, that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":158.579,"endTime":161.519,"body":"there were even people that were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":161.519,"endTime":164.609,"body":"concerned that they can get"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":161.519,"endTime":164.609,"body":"COVID from their pets. Oh, well,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":164.609,"endTime":167.759,"body":"that's sad, because there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":164.609,"endTime":167.759,"body":"really no evidence for that. Oh,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":167.879,"endTime":168.929,"body":"yeah, I didn't know."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":169.229,"endTime":173.369,"body":"It is really sad. Well, I ended"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":169.229,"endTime":173.369,"body":"up fostering a fairly small six"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":173.369,"endTime":177.899,"body":"month old cats use so little,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":173.369,"endTime":177.899,"body":"and he was a tabby and as you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":177.899,"endTime":181.799,"body":"know, tabbies usually don't get"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":177.899,"endTime":181.799,"body":"adopted very readily. So I felt"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":181.799,"endTime":185.639,"body":"compelled almost to adopt him."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":181.799,"endTime":185.639,"body":"He was so sweet. He would stand"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":185.639,"endTime":189.959,"body":"on its hind legs and stretch out"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":185.639,"endTime":189.959,"body":"and wanted to be picked up and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":189.959,"endTime":193.499,"body":"he wanted to snuggle with you."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":189.959,"endTime":193.499,"body":"He was just so affectionate and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":193.499,"endTime":195.359,"body":"really friendly. Oh, that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":195.36,"endTime":197.49,"body":"sounds so sweet. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":197.549,"endTime":201.659,"body":"I know. So when I adopted him,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":197.549,"endTime":201.659,"body":"or when I started fostering, I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":201.659,"endTime":205.079,"body":"noticed that he had a little bit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":201.659,"endTime":205.079,"body":"of an inflammations left eye,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":205.079,"endTime":208.739,"body":"but it seemed that was in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":205.079,"endTime":208.739,"body":"process of healing. It didn't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":208.739,"endTime":212.189,"body":"seem new, it seemed kind of old."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":208.739,"endTime":212.189,"body":"And I was wondering if it was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":212.189,"endTime":215.909,"body":"related to trauma or something"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":212.189,"endTime":215.909,"body":"else. So I didn't pay a lot of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":215.909,"endTime":219.509,"body":"attention to words. I took them"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":215.909,"endTime":219.509,"body":"home and actually got along with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":219.509,"endTime":223.139,"body":"my dog my cat very quickly."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":219.509,"endTime":223.139,"body":"Obviously, he was hiding under"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":223.139,"endTime":224.549,"body":"the bed initially,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":224.7,"endTime":229.17,"body":"I think, yeah, you can expect"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":224.7,"endTime":229.17,"body":"cats. Yeah, you can."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":229.17,"endTime":232.38,"body":"But after you know, a few days,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":229.17,"endTime":232.38,"body":"I started wondering why he was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":232.38,"endTime":236.01,"body":"so calm, you know, for six month"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":232.38,"endTime":236.01,"body":"old cards. He wouldn't play with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":236.01,"endTime":238.23,"body":"them, but he would just sleep"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":236.01,"endTime":238.23,"body":"most days."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":238.289,"endTime":241.469,"body":"Yeah, but I think cats sleep"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":238.289,"endTime":241.469,"body":"like 18 hours a day, don't they?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":241.59,"endTime":245.46,"body":"Yes, they do. But you know, it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":241.59,"endTime":245.46,"body":"just didn't feel right for six"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":245.46,"endTime":248.55,"body":"month old cards. And then all of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":245.46,"endTime":248.55,"body":"a sudden things change"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":248.55,"endTime":252.27,"body":"dramatically. One day, he almost"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":248.55,"endTime":252.27,"body":"had like what I would call a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":252.27,"endTime":254.22,"body":"neurological fit. Oh,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":254.79,"endTime":256.29,"body":"that doesn't sound good. You"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":254.79,"endTime":256.29,"body":"know, what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":256.29,"endTime":257.46,"body":"does that mean? Well,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":257.489,"endTime":259.889,"body":"my dog was trying to play with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":257.489,"endTime":259.889,"body":"them. And then all of a sudden"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":259.889,"endTime":263.669,"body":"he started to salivate his"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":259.889,"endTime":263.669,"body":"whiskers started to twitch. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":263.669,"endTime":267.029,"body":"then he was all of a sudden very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":263.669,"endTime":267.029,"body":"bouncy, he just jumped up and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":267.029,"endTime":271.139,"body":"down and just didn't look right."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":267.029,"endTime":271.139,"body":"It made me suspicious that he"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":271.139,"endTime":274.679,"body":"maybe had eaten something toxic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":271.139,"endTime":274.679,"body":"or something else was going on."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":274.679,"endTime":276.929,"body":"So I actually took him to the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":274.679,"endTime":276.929,"body":"vet the same day."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":277.26,"endTime":281.22,"body":"It sounds pretty serious. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":277.26,"endTime":281.22,"body":"yeah. So the staff was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":281.22,"endTime":284.34,"body":"super nice. And they were very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":281.22,"endTime":284.34,"body":"busy, but they actually took him"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":284.34,"endTime":288.54,"body":"in immediately. They had a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":284.34,"endTime":288.54,"body":"suspicion what it could be. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":288.54,"endTime":291.75,"body":"unfortunately, the suspicion"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":288.54,"endTime":291.75,"body":"came true very quickly after"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":291.75,"endTime":295.59,"body":"they ran a few tests. So what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":291.75,"endTime":295.59,"body":"kind of tests what was it? Well,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":295.62,"endTime":300.63,"body":"the cat heads feline infectious"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":295.62,"endTime":300.63,"body":"peritonitis FIP for short. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":300.84,"endTime":303.93,"body":"so there's no specific test for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":300.84,"endTime":303.93,"body":"it but you can run some other"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":303.93,"endTime":307.86,"body":"tests and they are indicative"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":303.93,"endTime":307.86,"body":"that it could be FIP and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":307.86,"endTime":311.4,"body":"together you know, with the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":307.86,"endTime":311.4,"body":"trauma in the eye or the the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":311.4,"endTime":314.7,"body":"inflammation in the eye, that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":311.4,"endTime":314.7,"body":"was another hint that it could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":314.7,"endTime":320.07,"body":"be FIP so fit this very serious"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":314.7,"endTime":320.07,"body":"viral disease in cats, and it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":320.07,"endTime":322.23,"body":"caused by a feline Coronavirus,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":322.44,"endTime":326.49,"body":"a Coronavirus, so it's like a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":322.44,"endTime":326.49,"body":"respiratory virus like for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":326.49,"endTime":329.28,"body":"humans. COVID is a respiratory"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":326.49,"endTime":329.28,"body":"virus."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":329.31,"endTime":333.12,"body":"Well, actually, most strains of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":329.31,"endTime":333.12,"body":"the virus are found in the cat's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":333.12,"endTime":336.33,"body":"gastrointestinal tract and don't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":333.12,"endTime":336.33,"body":"really cause significant"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":336.33,"endTime":340.08,"body":"disease, but a few go on to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":336.33,"endTime":340.08,"body":"cause FIP unfortunately, which"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":340.08,"endTime":343.44,"body":"is really deadly disease and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":340.08,"endTime":343.44,"body":"fatal almost all the time."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":343.65,"endTime":346.98,"body":"Oh my gosh, that sounds awful."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":343.65,"endTime":346.98,"body":"Now, Is it contagious? Can any"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":346.98,"endTime":347.82,"body":"cat get it?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":348.09,"endTime":351.66,"body":"Any kids that carries feeling"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":348.09,"endTime":351.66,"body":"Coronavirus is potentially at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":351.66,"endTime":355.53,"body":"risk of developing FIP. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":351.66,"endTime":355.53,"body":"younger cats are at greater risk"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":355.53,"endTime":358.47,"body":"of developing FIP. So there were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":355.53,"endTime":358.47,"body":"studies that show that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":358.47,"endTime":363.15,"body":"approximately 70% of the cases"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":358.47,"endTime":363.15,"body":"diagnosed in cats are less than"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":363.15,"endTime":367.05,"body":"one and a half years of age. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":363.15,"endTime":367.05,"body":"some studies even suggest that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":367.05,"endTime":371.46,"body":"50% of the cases occur in cats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":367.05,"endTime":371.46,"body":"less than seven months of age."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":371.49,"endTime":374.79,"body":"Yeah, and the most common mode"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":371.49,"endTime":374.79,"body":"of transmission for Feline"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":374.79,"endTime":378.42,"body":"coronaviruses are believed to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":374.79,"endTime":378.42,"body":"occur between an infected mother"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":378.42,"endTime":381.75,"body":"when she passes the virus along"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":378.42,"endTime":381.75,"body":"to her kittens, usually usually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":381.75,"endTime":384.3,"body":"when the kittens are only"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":381.75,"endTime":384.3,"body":"between five and eight weeks of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":384.33,"endTime":387.69,"body":"age, and the kittens that are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":384.33,"endTime":387.69,"body":"housed in these like high"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":387.69,"endTime":390.36,"body":"density facilities like pet"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":387.69,"endTime":390.36,"body":"shops and shelters and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":390.36,"endTime":393.54,"body":"categories appear to be a lot"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":390.36,"endTime":393.54,"body":"more susceptible to FIP. And for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":393.54,"endTime":397.62,"body":"some reason, purebred cats and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":393.54,"endTime":397.62,"body":"male cats and geriatric cats are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":397.62,"endTime":400.44,"body":"also a pretty high risk, but no"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":397.62,"endTime":400.44,"body":"one really knows why."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":400.62,"endTime":404.43,"body":"Hmm, so these crowded shelters,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":400.62,"endTime":404.43,"body":"that doesn't sound like a good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":404.43,"endTime":408.93,"body":"thing. So why do some cats end"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":404.43,"endTime":408.93,"body":"up with FIP? And others don't?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":409.08,"endTime":412.17,"body":"Yeah, it's a good question. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":409.08,"endTime":412.17,"body":"think it's still somewhat of an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":412.17,"endTime":417.18,"body":"enigma of what's going on. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":412.17,"endTime":417.18,"body":"the one of the hypotheses is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":417.24,"endTime":421.56,"body":"that these fit viruses or the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":417.24,"endTime":421.56,"body":"Coronavirus, and the cats, they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":421.56,"endTime":425.67,"body":"start to mutate, and then all of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":421.56,"endTime":425.67,"body":"a sudden, they don't infect the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":425.67,"endTime":428.64,"body":"gastrointestinal tract anymore,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":425.67,"endTime":428.64,"body":"all of a sudden, they infect"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":428.64,"endTime":432.09,"body":"white blood cells, and those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":428.64,"endTime":432.09,"body":"white blood cells spread the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":432.09,"endTime":436.86,"body":"virus throughout the body. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":432.09,"endTime":436.86,"body":"the body will then mount just a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":436.86,"endTime":440.4,"body":"very intense inflammatory"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":436.86,"endTime":440.4,"body":"reaction to those viruses and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":440.4,"endTime":444.27,"body":"those white blood cells, which"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":440.4,"endTime":444.27,"body":"causes symptoms such as fever or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":444.27,"endTime":448.29,"body":"weight loss, fluid accumulation"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":444.27,"endTime":448.29,"body":"in different parts of the body."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":448.41,"endTime":451.74,"body":"And that can even have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":448.41,"endTime":451.74,"body":"neurological symptoms. So FIP is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":451.74,"endTime":455.1,"body":"usually progressive, and it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":451.74,"endTime":455.1,"body":"almost always fatal without"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":455.1,"endTime":455.82,"body":"treatment."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":456.06,"endTime":460.02,"body":"Oh, no. So there's no cure. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":456.06,"endTime":460.02,"body":"mean, so there's treatments for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":460.02,"endTime":461.82,"body":"COVID but there's no cure for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":460.02,"endTime":461.82,"body":"FIP."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":462.06,"endTime":465.03,"body":"Well, so when I was in vet"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":462.06,"endTime":465.03,"body":"school, 20 years ago, there was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":465.03,"endTime":467.37,"body":"no cure. I don't know Danielle."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":465.03,"endTime":467.37,"body":"Um, yeah."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":467.55,"endTime":471.3,"body":"So I was actually I brought my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":467.55,"endTime":471.3,"body":"notes with me. I did some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":471.3,"endTime":474.54,"body":"looking into this, after you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":471.3,"endTime":474.54,"body":"told me and I don't know, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":474.54,"endTime":479.52,"body":"kind of this crazy story. In"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":474.54,"endTime":479.52,"body":"2018, a team at UC Davis led by"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":479.52,"endTime":482.94,"body":"Nels Patterson published a paper"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":479.52,"endTime":482.94,"body":"describing a small clinical"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":482.94,"endTime":486.78,"body":"trial involving 10 cats with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":482.94,"endTime":486.78,"body":"FIP. And remember, this is a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":486.84,"endTime":489.75,"body":"this is a disease that is almost"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":486.84,"endTime":489.75,"body":"always fatal. But when they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":489.75,"endTime":494.88,"body":"treated the cats with this drug"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":489.75,"endTime":494.88,"body":"je s 441524. I know that's a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":494.88,"endTime":499.35,"body":"mouthful, it's from it's from a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":494.88,"endTime":499.35,"body":"company called Gilead Sciences."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":499.44,"endTime":504.27,"body":"The results were amazing. 10 out"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":499.44,"endTime":504.27,"body":"of 10 Cats survived. And even in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":504.27,"endTime":508.41,"body":"this follow up study that they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":504.27,"endTime":508.41,"body":"did with 31 cats, all with fit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":508.44,"endTime":511.86,"body":"25 of them survived. So that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":508.44,"endTime":511.86,"body":"really, really impressive for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":511.86,"endTime":514.02,"body":"this disease. That's almost"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":511.86,"endTime":514.02,"body":"always fatal."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":514.08,"endTime":516.54,"body":"Yeah, it is. It's pretty amazing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":514.08,"endTime":516.54,"body":"results."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":516.54,"endTime":520.41,"body":"So how does this drug work?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":516.54,"endTime":520.41,"body":"Well, like all Corona viruses,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":520.44,"endTime":525.54,"body":"the viruses that cause FIP have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":520.44,"endTime":525.54,"body":"an RNA genome that's made up of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":525.57,"endTime":528.09,"body":"these kind of like molecular"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":525.57,"endTime":528.09,"body":"building blocks that we call"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":528.09,"endTime":532.29,"body":"nucleotides, you have guanine,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":528.09,"endTime":532.29,"body":"uracil, adenine and cytosine."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":532.38,"endTime":536.64,"body":"And in order to replicate the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":532.38,"endTime":536.64,"body":"virus steals hours actually, or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":536.64,"endTime":539.52,"body":"steals the cats. In this case,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":536.64,"endTime":539.52,"body":"yes, the virus would steal the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":539.52,"endTime":543.03,"body":"cats. There's this really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":539.52,"endTime":543.03,"body":"interesting class of drugs"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":543.03,"endTime":546.09,"body":"called nucleoside inhibitors."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":543.03,"endTime":546.09,"body":"And that's what this drug is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":546.09,"endTime":548.88,"body":"it's a nucleoside inhibitors."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":546.09,"endTime":548.88,"body":"And they're these small"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":548.88,"endTime":552.9,"body":"molecules that look almost"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":548.88,"endTime":552.9,"body":"exactly like our nucleus sides."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":552.93,"endTime":556.02,"body":"So much so that the virus can't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":552.93,"endTime":556.02,"body":"tell the difference. But when"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":556.02,"endTime":559.98,"body":"the virus is trying to replicate"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":556.02,"endTime":559.98,"body":"itself, they make a mistake, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":559.98,"endTime":563.34,"body":"they use these drugs instead of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":559.98,"endTime":563.34,"body":"the nucleus sides and it kind of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":563.34,"endTime":566.52,"body":"jams up the virus so that it can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":563.34,"endTime":566.52,"body":"continue replicating and then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":566.52,"endTime":570.57,"body":"the virus will will die. Okay,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":566.52,"endTime":570.57,"body":"so what I'm hearing you say is,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":570.57,"endTime":576.27,"body":"it's kind of like if you had a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":570.57,"endTime":576.27,"body":"lock on a door, and you had a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":576.27,"endTime":580.23,"body":"key to that door, right? And so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":576.27,"endTime":580.23,"body":"the normal building blocks, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":580.23,"endTime":584.1,"body":"know, you could open the door"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":580.23,"endTime":584.1,"body":"with the key, but this creates"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":584.28,"endTime":587.34,"body":"something that looks just like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":584.28,"endTime":587.34,"body":"that lock, but the key won't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":587.43,"endTime":592.59,"body":"open the lock. And so the virus"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":587.43,"endTime":592.59,"body":"cannot replicate in that cell."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":592.65,"endTime":595.98,"body":"Yeah, analogy that sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":592.65,"endTime":595.98,"body":"works. That sort of works. The"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":596.01,"endTime":599.01,"body":"drugs. It's almost as if they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":596.01,"endTime":599.01,"body":"were a key that jam the lock."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":599.31,"endTime":602.28,"body":"It's stuck. The virus can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":599.31,"endTime":602.28,"body":"continue replicating. Okay,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":602.37,"endTime":603.48,"body":"interesting. Well, that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":603.48,"endTime":604.32,"body":"good news."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":604.47,"endTime":607.98,"body":"It's actually not that simple."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":604.47,"endTime":607.98,"body":"It's not licensed by the FDA."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":607.98,"endTime":610.68,"body":"It's not an FDA approved drugs."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":607.98,"endTime":610.68,"body":"So there's no way for vets to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":610.68,"endTime":612.69,"body":"legally prescribe it to their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":610.68,"endTime":612.69,"body":"patients."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":612.75,"endTime":615.6,"body":"Danielle, do you know why it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":612.75,"endTime":615.6,"body":"not licensed by the FDA?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":615.69,"endTime":619.35,"body":"Yeah, well, it's kind of this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":615.69,"endTime":619.35,"body":"weird story. I'm not super clear"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":619.35,"endTime":624.6,"body":"on it. But the drug Gs 441524 is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":619.35,"endTime":624.6,"body":"really closely related to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":624.6,"endTime":630.45,"body":"another drug made by Gilead"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":624.6,"endTime":630.45,"body":"Sciences called Gs 5734. Another"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":630.45,"endTime":632.76,"body":"mouthful, but you've probably"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":630.45,"endTime":632.76,"body":"heard of it. It's called"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":632.76,"endTime":636.51,"body":"remdesivir. Oh, yeah. Yeah. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":632.76,"endTime":636.51,"body":"it's something we've heard of."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":636.54,"endTime":640.77,"body":"And in fact, in an interview"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":636.54,"endTime":640.77,"body":"that I read with Dr. Pettersen,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":640.77,"endTime":644.28,"body":"who originally did those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":640.77,"endTime":644.28,"body":"clinical trials, he said in his"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":644.28,"endTime":648.6,"body":"preliminary studies, he tried"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":644.28,"endTime":648.6,"body":"both from Desmo beer and the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":648.6,"endTime":653.46,"body":"other drug Gs 441524. And they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":648.6,"endTime":653.46,"body":"both worked in cat cells. In"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":653.46,"endTime":657.18,"body":"their preliminary studies, he"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":653.46,"endTime":657.18,"body":"only even chose to focus on Gs"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":657.18,"endTime":661.08,"body":"441524 Because it was chemically"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":657.18,"endTime":661.08,"body":"simpler. remdesivir has"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":661.08,"endTime":664.05,"body":"additional chemical modification"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":661.08,"endTime":664.05,"body":"additional phosphate group that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":664.05,"endTime":666.99,"body":"allows it to be taken up by the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":664.05,"endTime":666.99,"body":"cells more easily, but it didn't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":666.99,"endTime":669.72,"body":"really seem to make any"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":666.99,"endTime":669.72,"body":"difference in those early"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":669.75,"endTime":673.08,"body":"preclinical trials and just the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":669.75,"endTime":673.08,"body":"cat cells."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":673.169,"endTime":676.199,"body":"Okay, so what I know about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":673.169,"endTime":676.199,"body":"remdesivir Isn't that one of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":676.199,"endTime":681.509,"body":"drugs that FDA granted emergency"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":676.199,"endTime":681.509,"body":"use authorization during COVID"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":681.509,"endTime":682.709,"body":"for the treatment of COVID."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":682.95,"endTime":686.19,"body":"And it's been tried for a lot of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":682.95,"endTime":686.19,"body":"other viruses as well, right. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":686.19,"endTime":686.76,"body":"yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":686.85,"endTime":690.87,"body":"yeah, yeah, it has. So when"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":686.85,"endTime":690.87,"body":"these papers first came out in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":690.87,"endTime":695.91,"body":"2018, and 2019, Gilead was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":690.87,"endTime":695.91,"body":"originally hoping to develop"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":695.91,"endTime":698.67,"body":"this drug remdesivir as a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":695.91,"endTime":698.67,"body":"treatment for Ebola."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":698.67,"endTime":701.88,"body":"Unfortunately, it didn't seem to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":698.67,"endTime":701.88,"body":"be effective and never went on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":701.88,"endTime":705.0,"body":"to get any approval. And now"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":701.88,"endTime":705.0,"body":"they're focusing on like you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":705.0,"endTime":708.33,"body":"said, developing it for use in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":705.0,"endTime":708.33,"body":"COVID. And while some studies"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":708.33,"endTime":711.45,"body":"have shown that there's some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":708.33,"endTime":711.45,"body":"impact, other studies have shown"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":711.45,"endTime":713.58,"body":"the opposite, and shown that it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":711.45,"endTime":713.58,"body":"hasn't been effective. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":713.58,"endTime":716.43,"body":"getting back to our main"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":713.58,"endTime":716.43,"body":"question here with FIP. Either"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":716.43,"endTime":721.35,"body":"way, it's unclear if Gilead has"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":716.43,"endTime":721.35,"body":"any interest in developing Gs"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":721.35,"endTime":726.57,"body":"441524 or remdesivir. Either"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":721.35,"endTime":726.57,"body":"drug for licensing and cards."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":726.63,"endTime":729.09,"body":"Well, that's kind of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":726.63,"endTime":729.09,"body":"infuriating, considering how"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":729.09,"endTime":732.15,"body":"fatal this disease is for cats."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":729.09,"endTime":732.15,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":732.179,"endTime":735.449,"body":"it really is. And it's this huge"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":732.179,"endTime":735.449,"body":"hole in the veterinary"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":735.449,"endTime":736.259,"body":"community."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":736.679,"endTime":739.589,"body":"Yeah, that's it's really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":736.679,"endTime":739.589,"body":"infuriating. I mean, there was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":739.589,"endTime":743.519,"body":"nothing I could do to save the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":739.589,"endTime":743.519,"body":"the queue, Tabby, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":743.579,"endTime":745.589,"body":"ultimately, I had to be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":743.579,"endTime":745.589,"body":"euthanized."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":745.68,"endTime":748.11,"body":"But didn't you tell me you heard"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":745.68,"endTime":748.11,"body":"something about the drug maybe"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":748.11,"endTime":750.3,"body":"was available on the black"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":748.11,"endTime":750.3,"body":"market? That's kind of what sent"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":750.3,"endTime":753.87,"body":"me a minute. Yeah, black market"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":750.3,"endTime":753.87,"body":"for cat drugs."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":754.529,"endTime":757.019,"body":"That that I took the cat to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":754.529,"endTime":757.019,"body":"actually said that there's a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":757.019,"endTime":759.149,"body":"black market for for treatment."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":759.449,"endTime":763.619,"body":"Yeah, I actually found a paper"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":759.449,"endTime":763.619,"body":"published in 2021, led by"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":763.619,"endTime":766.919,"body":"Samantha Evans at The Ohio State"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":763.619,"endTime":766.919,"body":"University, and she actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":766.919,"endTime":771.179,"body":"surveyed members of this group"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":766.919,"endTime":771.179,"body":"that had gotten a hold of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":771.179,"endTime":776.309,"body":"drug on the black market. She"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":771.179,"endTime":776.309,"body":"surveyed 393 People actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":776.339,"endTime":777.359,"body":"from the group. Okay, so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":777.36,"endTime":780.27,"body":"where's this drug made? If it I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":777.36,"endTime":780.27,"body":"mean, if it's being sold on the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":780.27,"endTime":783.48,"body":"black market? Where is it coming"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":780.27,"endTime":783.48,"body":"from? It's not coming from the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":783.48,"endTime":785.13,"body":"companies that created it?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":785.19,"endTime":788.82,"body":"No, no, it's actually it appears"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":785.19,"endTime":788.82,"body":"to be coming from Chinese"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":788.82,"endTime":789.57,"body":"companies."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":789.93,"endTime":792.99,"body":"How do you how do people find"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":789.93,"endTime":792.99,"body":"stuff like that on the black"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":792.99,"endTime":799.47,"body":"market? I mean, we don't endorse"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":792.99,"endTime":799.47,"body":"anything that's really, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":799.5,"endTime":803.61,"body":"know, done on the black market."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":799.5,"endTime":803.61,"body":"Just so clear. I personally"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":803.61,"endTime":805.68,"body":"would never do this. Right."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":803.61,"endTime":805.68,"body":"Never near"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":805.68,"endTime":808.2,"body":"a veterinarians, you know, I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":805.68,"endTime":808.2,"body":"mean, that's pretty good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":808.199,"endTime":812.609,"body":"advice. Yeah. Okay. So it turns"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":808.199,"endTime":812.609,"body":"out, I did a little bit of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":812.609,"endTime":816.749,"body":"reading, and she has 441524,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":812.609,"endTime":816.749,"body":"that mouthful of a drag is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":816.749,"endTime":820.199,"body":"pretty easy to make, you know, a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":816.749,"endTime":820.199,"body":"little bit about chemistry. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":820.199,"endTime":823.649,"body":"apparently, there was a Chinese"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":820.199,"endTime":823.649,"body":"company that tried to get"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":823.649,"endTime":827.609,"body":"licensing for the drug in China,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":823.649,"endTime":827.609,"body":"because FIP is a problem"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":827.609,"endTime":830.009,"body":"worldwide, just like how we have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":827.609,"endTime":830.009,"body":"a lot of cats here. There's a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":830.009,"endTime":832.829,"body":"lot of cats in China, and the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":830.009,"endTime":832.829,"body":"company was never able to get"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":832.829,"endTime":836.729,"body":"licensing for use in China. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":832.829,"endTime":836.729,"body":"it appears they started"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":836.729,"endTime":840.269,"body":"developing it anyway, and so did"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":836.729,"endTime":840.269,"body":"a lot of other companies. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":840.269,"endTime":843.989,"body":"that's where pretty soon pet"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":840.269,"endTime":843.989,"body":"owners across the world found"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":843.989,"endTime":846.929,"body":"out about this and turned to the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":843.989,"endTime":846.929,"body":"black market to get a hold of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":846.929,"endTime":848.999,"body":"the drug. It's pretty crazy."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":849.149,"endTime":852.149,"body":"It's interesting to think about,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":849.149,"endTime":852.149,"body":"you know, you love your pets,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":852.479,"endTime":854.849,"body":"and you want to help them out."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":852.479,"endTime":854.849,"body":"On one hand, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":854.85,"endTime":858.6,"body":"really maddening that this drug,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":854.85,"endTime":858.6,"body":"if it works, isn't available."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":858.66,"endTime":862.38,"body":"But the other part is scary if"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":858.66,"endTime":862.38,"body":"the only way to get it is not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":862.38,"endTime":866.04,"body":"illegal. Yeah. And I mean,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":862.38,"endTime":866.04,"body":"Gilead does own the rights of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":866.04,"endTime":868.41,"body":"this drug. You know, they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":866.04,"endTime":868.41,"body":"developed it, it is their drugs."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":868.41,"endTime":872.07,"body":"So legally, I guess they do have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":868.41,"endTime":872.07,"body":"the right to say who can and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":872.07,"endTime":875.19,"body":"can't develop it and license it."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":872.07,"endTime":875.19,"body":"And you know, I was reading that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":875.19,"endTime":879.93,"body":"study where they surveyed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":875.19,"endTime":879.93,"body":"members of this Facebook group"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":879.93,"endTime":883.68,"body":"where you're able to get a hold"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":879.93,"endTime":883.68,"body":"of the drug, and people paid"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":883.68,"endTime":890.46,"body":"anywhere between $521,000 for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":883.68,"endTime":890.46,"body":"112 week treatment. I know it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":890.46,"endTime":894.36,"body":"really expensive. And in some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":890.46,"endTime":894.36,"body":"cases, you know, cats have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":894.36,"endTime":899.07,"body":"relapses, or in cases where the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":894.36,"endTime":899.07,"body":"cats have neurological symptoms,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":899.1,"endTime":901.62,"body":"they either have to have an A"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":899.1,"endTime":901.62,"body":"Increase dose or a second dose,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":901.62,"endTime":904.26,"body":"and that would bring the total"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":901.62,"endTime":904.26,"body":"up even higher to 10,000 or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":904.26,"endTime":905.46,"body":"$15,000."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":905.669,"endTime":909.509,"body":"Oh my gosh, that's so much money"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":905.669,"endTime":909.509,"body":"and especially for a drug that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":909.539,"endTime":913.469,"body":"isn't regulated, and it's being"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":909.539,"endTime":913.469,"body":"sold peer to peer through social"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":913.469,"endTime":917.249,"body":"media. I mean, how do you know"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":913.469,"endTime":917.249,"body":"if it's any good? How do you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":917.249,"endTime":920.459,"body":"know if it's safe for your cat?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":917.249,"endTime":920.459,"body":"It sounds pretty dangerous to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":920.459,"endTime":920.759,"body":"me."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":920.82,"endTime":924.3,"body":"Yeah. You can't know. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":920.82,"endTime":924.3,"body":"there's nothing really like this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":924.3,"endTime":927.06,"body":"before in the veterinary"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":924.3,"endTime":927.06,"body":"community that I know of. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":927.06,"endTime":928.14,"body":"mean, have you heard of anything"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":928.139,"endTime":931.229,"body":"like the status? Oh, no. So what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":928.139,"endTime":931.229,"body":"do you think what will happen"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":931.229,"endTime":931.769,"body":"next?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":931.86,"endTime":935.4,"body":"Well, there's a couple of things"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":931.86,"endTime":935.4,"body":"going on right now. So a lot of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":935.4,"endTime":939.18,"body":"people that I have talked to you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":935.4,"endTime":939.18,"body":"in red, since you told me about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":939.18,"endTime":942.27,"body":"the Stennis are hoping that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":939.18,"endTime":942.27,"body":"remdesivir Right now, it's only"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":942.27,"endTime":945.18,"body":"under conditional approval in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":942.27,"endTime":945.18,"body":"the US. But if it gets full"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":945.18,"endTime":949.47,"body":"licensing and full FDA approval,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":945.18,"endTime":949.47,"body":"then veterinarians can write off"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":949.47,"endTime":952.29,"body":"label use write prescriptions"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":949.47,"endTime":952.29,"body":"for the drug off label. And I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":952.29,"endTime":954.24,"body":"think that's what they're doing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":952.29,"endTime":954.24,"body":"right now in the UK, where the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":954.24,"endTime":957.63,"body":"drug is already licensed. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":954.24,"endTime":957.63,"body":"you know, it's kind of tricky,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":957.63,"endTime":961.47,"body":"because all the clinical trials"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":957.63,"endTime":961.47,"body":"were done not with remdesivir."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":961.47,"endTime":966.96,"body":"But with the other drug, Gs"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":961.47,"endTime":966.96,"body":"441524. So we don't really know"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":966.96,"endTime":971.85,"body":"how effective remdesivir is in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":966.96,"endTime":971.85,"body":"cats with FIP. So investigators"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":971.88,"endTime":975.15,"body":"at UC Davis looks like they've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":971.88,"endTime":975.15,"body":"launched another clinical trial"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":975.18,"endTime":979.44,"body":"for cats and FIP, comparing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":975.18,"endTime":979.44,"body":"remdesivir and the other drug,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":979.44,"endTime":982.68,"body":"Gs 4415 to four, and hopefully"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":979.44,"endTime":982.68,"body":"that will lead to a more"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":982.68,"endTime":987.12,"body":"reliable way for cat owners and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":982.68,"endTime":987.12,"body":"veterinarians to treat cats with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":987.12,"endTime":991.26,"body":"fit. That'd be great. Because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":987.12,"endTime":991.26,"body":"you know, Dennis is little kitty"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":991.26,"endTime":994.86,"body":"might still be alive if this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":991.26,"endTime":994.86,"body":"drug was available. And it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":994.86,"endTime":997.65,"body":"something we definitely want to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":994.86,"endTime":997.65,"body":"maybe pay attention to keep our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":997.65,"endTime":1001.16,"body":"eye on because this is sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":997.65,"endTime":1001.16,"body":"an interesting story. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1001.19,"endTime":1006.59,"body":"combining the black market."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1001.19,"endTime":1006.59,"body":"Kittens and drugs manufactured."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1006.65,"endTime":1013.25,"body":"Yeah, illegally, perhaps and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1006.65,"endTime":1013.25,"body":"paying $20,000 $21,000. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1013.28,"endTime":1014.69,"body":"it's pretty crazy."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1014.78,"endTime":1017.51,"body":"Yeah, you know, and when I was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1014.78,"endTime":1017.51,"body":"in grad school, I kind of had"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1017.51,"endTime":1020.12,"body":"this feeling that if I did good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1017.51,"endTime":1020.12,"body":"science, I can have an important"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1020.12,"endTime":1023.15,"body":"impact. But science happens in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1020.12,"endTime":1023.15,"body":"the real world. And there's all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1023.15,"endTime":1026.09,"body":"these other considerations. In"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1023.15,"endTime":1026.09,"body":"addition to science, there's the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1026.09,"endTime":1030.2,"body":"politics and economics and the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1026.09,"endTime":1030.2,"body":"legal things and the business"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1030.2,"endTime":1033.08,"body":"components to think about as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1030.2,"endTime":1033.08,"body":"well. And then there's the human"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1033.08,"endTime":1035.57,"body":"aspect, what a person is willing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1033.08,"endTime":1035.57,"body":"to do when they have a sick"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1035.57,"endTime":1038.72,"body":"kitten or a sick family member"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1035.57,"endTime":1038.72,"body":"or something like that. This is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1038.72,"endTime":1040.43,"body":"definitely a complicated story."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1040.73,"endTime":1043.16,"body":"So Danielle, it sounds like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1040.73,"endTime":1043.16,"body":"you've done a lot of research."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1044.21,"endTime":1045.05,"body":"down the rabbit hole. Is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1045.05,"endTime":1048.44,"body":"there anything? Is there"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1045.05,"endTime":1048.44,"body":"anywhere where our listeners can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1048.44,"endTime":1049.58,"body":"find more information?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1049.61,"endTime":1052.7,"body":"Yeah, definitely. I'm gonna"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1049.61,"endTime":1052.7,"body":"summarize all my notes. And if"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1052.7,"endTime":1055.76,"body":"you're interested, check our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1052.7,"endTime":1055.76,"body":"show notes. And I'll post a full"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1055.76,"endTime":1059.36,"body":"blog with all the details. If"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1055.76,"endTime":1059.36,"body":"you want to check out I'll also"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1059.36,"endTime":1062.9,"body":"link the new clinical trial at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1059.36,"endTime":1062.9,"body":"UC Davis and a couple of other"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1062.9,"endTime":1065.06,"body":"articles where I found"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1062.9,"endTime":1065.06,"body":"interesting information."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1065.09,"endTime":1069.05,"body":"So that's great. Well, Dennis,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1065.09,"endTime":1069.05,"body":"I'm really sorry about your cat."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1069.08,"endTime":1073.76,"body":"Yeah. Your week gets better and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1069.08,"endTime":1073.76,"body":"I hope that you know, there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1073.76,"endTime":1077.75,"body":"good news and good resolution to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1073.76,"endTime":1077.75,"body":"this with this drug. Yeah, road"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1077.75,"endTime":1078.17,"body":"it'd be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1078.2,"endTime":1081.47,"body":"we'll see what happens. Yeah."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1078.2,"endTime":1081.47,"body":"Interesting. And go out and um,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1081.47,"endTime":1086.15,"body":"foster cats and dogs. Yeah. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1081.47,"endTime":1086.15,"body":"big needs right now. Yeah, yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1086.27,"endTime":1086.9,"body":"definitely."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1090.859,"endTime":1094.729,"body":"Rabies is a major public health"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1090.859,"endTime":1094.729,"body":"problem worldwide. In fact,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1094.729,"endTime":1098.629,"body":"there are about a 59,000 deaths"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1094.729,"endTime":1098.629,"body":"per year, and that's one death"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1098.629,"endTime":1101.779,"body":"every nine minutes. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1098.629,"endTime":1101.779,"body":"unfortunately, 40% of those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1101.779,"endTime":1105.979,"body":"deaths occur in children. Rabies"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1101.779,"endTime":1105.979,"body":"is usually transmitted by the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1105.979,"endTime":1110.149,"body":"bite of an infected animal. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1105.979,"endTime":1110.149,"body":"globally, the most common way to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1110.149,"endTime":1114.469,"body":"become exposed to rabies is the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1110.149,"endTime":1114.469,"body":"bite of a dog. And in fact, 99%"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1114.469,"endTime":1118.129,"body":"of cases are from dog bites"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1114.469,"endTime":1118.129,"body":"worldwide. A big problem with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1118.129,"endTime":1121.009,"body":"rabies is that it's fatal and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1118.129,"endTime":1121.009,"body":"symptoms appear which is really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1121.009,"endTime":1125.479,"body":"scary. And it's tragic because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1121.009,"endTime":1125.479,"body":"rabies is 100% preventable by"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1125.479,"endTime":1128.239,"body":"vaccines. And we have really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1125.479,"endTime":1128.239,"body":"good vaccines available for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1128.239,"endTime":1132.169,"body":"mammals, including humans, dogs,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1128.239,"endTime":1132.169,"body":"raccoons, etc. And as a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1132.169,"endTime":1135.049,"body":"scientist, the thing I find most"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1132.169,"endTime":1135.049,"body":"interesting about rabies is that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1135.049,"endTime":1138.769,"body":"it's capable of modifying host"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1135.049,"endTime":1138.769,"body":"behavior. So for example, in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1138.799,"endTime":1141.949,"body":"herbivores are typical animals"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1138.799,"endTime":1141.949,"body":"of prey, the virus will make"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1141.949,"endTime":1144.859,"body":"them more docile and increase"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1141.949,"endTime":1144.859,"body":"the likelihood that they can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1144.859,"endTime":1148.519,"body":"become attacked by a predator."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1144.859,"endTime":1148.519,"body":"In the other hand, when"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1148.519,"endTime":1151.459,"body":"carnivores are infected, they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1148.519,"endTime":1151.459,"body":"become more aggressive or rabid"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1151.459,"endTime":1155.179,"body":"as they say, now you know about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1151.459,"endTime":1155.179,"body":"rabies virus. This is your viral"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1155.179,"endTime":1159.949,"body":"minute. Thanks for listening to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1155.179,"endTime":1159.949,"body":"the infectious Science Podcast."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1160.069,"endTime":1163.429,"body":"Be sure to hit subscribe and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1160.069,"endTime":1163.429,"body":"visit infectious science.org to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1163.429,"endTime":1165.949,"body":"join the conversation, access"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1163.429,"endTime":1165.949,"body":"the show notes and to sign up"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1165.949,"endTime":1167.989,"body":"for our newsletter and receive"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1165.949,"endTime":1167.989,"body":"our free materials."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1168.29,"endTime":1171.41,"body":"If you enjoyed this new episode"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1168.29,"endTime":1171.41,"body":"of infectious science, please"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1171.41,"endTime":1174.65,"body":"leave us a review on Apple"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1171.41,"endTime":1174.65,"body":"podcasts at Spotify. And go"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1174.65,"endTime":1176.78,"body":"ahead and share this episode"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1174.65,"endTime":1176.78,"body":"with some of your friends."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1177.05,"endTime":1179.54,"body":"I'll say and don't hesitate to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1177.05,"endTime":1179.54,"body":"ask questions and tell us what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1179.54,"endTime":1182.45,"body":"topics you'd like us to cover"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1179.54,"endTime":1182.45,"body":"for future episodes. To get in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1182.45,"endTime":1184.94,"body":"touch, drop a line in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1182.45,"endTime":1184.94,"body":"comment section or send us a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1184.94,"endTime":1186.17,"body":"message on social media."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1186.29,"endTime":1188.51,"body":"So we'll see you next time for a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1186.29,"endTime":1188.51,"body":"new episode. And in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1188.51,"endTime":1192.14,"body":"meantime, stay happy stay"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1188.51,"endTime":1192.14,"body":"healthy. stay interested"}]}