{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":0.0,"endTime":0.8,"body":"01"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":0.8,"endTime":5.6,"body":"I'm David Miller and you're listening"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":0.8,"endTime":5.6,"body":"to Cities 1.5, a podcast about"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":5.6,"endTime":9.6,"body":"how climate leaders are driving"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":5.6,"endTime":9.6,"body":"global change through local action."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":9.6,"endTime":10.8,"body":"20"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":10.8,"endTime":14.8,"body":"[light, driving music] Both outdoor"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":10.8,"endTime":14.8,"body":"and indoor air pollution prematurely"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":14.8,"endTime":19.2,"body":"kills 7 million people each year"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":14.8,"endTime":19.2,"body":"from an air quality perspective."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":19.2,"endTime":24.0,"body":"Almost everyone on Earth breathes air"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":19.2,"endTime":24.0,"body":"that exceeds the official air quality"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":24.0,"endTime":28.4,"body":"guidelines, which have been set by"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":24.0,"endTime":28.4,"body":"the World Health Organization, and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":28.4,"endTime":34.0,"body":"there's now a growing awareness of the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":28.4,"endTime":34.0,"body":"reality of the health risks, not just"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":34.0,"endTime":38.4,"body":"among cities, but also among residents,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":34.0,"endTime":38.4,"body":"the media, and health professionals."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":38.4,"endTime":44.0,"body":"It's also been scientifically proven that"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":38.4,"endTime":44.0,"body":"there are no safe levels of air pollution."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":44.0,"endTime":48.0,"body":"Even low levels can cause"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":44.0,"endTime":48.0,"body":"long-term damage to our health."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 00","startTime":48.0,"endTime":50.0,"body":"We're all exposed every day."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":50.0,"endTime":51.6,"body":"03"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":51.6,"endTime":56.4,"body":"[atmospheric music] It started on"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":51.6,"endTime":56.4,"body":"the 5th of December and it went"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":56.4,"endTime":58.8,"body":"on getting worse until the 9th."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":58.8,"endTime":63.6,"body":"Fog, rolling in from the sea,"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":58.8,"endTime":63.6,"body":"laid a blanket over the London"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":63.6,"endTime":68.4,"body":"area – a blanket so thick that"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":63.6,"endTime":68.4,"body":"the smoke couldn't get through it."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":68.4,"endTime":73.2,"body":"The fog and smoke mixed together"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":68.4,"endTime":73.2,"body":"in a dark yellow choking mass."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":73.2,"endTime":76.0,"body":"This was smog on a grand scale."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":76.0,"endTime":80.0,"body":"There had never been anything"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":76.0,"endTime":80.0,"body":"like it before and there's"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":80.0,"endTime":82.4,"body":"not been one like it since..."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":82.4,"endTime":83.6,"body":"not yet, anyway."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":83.6,"endTime":89.2,"body":"The sky and the light were blotted out,"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":83.6,"endTime":89.2,"body":"and London coughed and crawled almost"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":89.2,"endTime":92.0,"body":"to a standstill in murky yellow gloom."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":92.0,"endTime":96.0,"body":"And, as if this wasn't bad"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":92.0,"endTime":96.0,"body":"enough, there was more."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":96.0,"endTime":100.4,"body":"[eerie music] Mixed with the"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":96.0,"endTime":100.4,"body":"filthy smog was a high proportion"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":100.4,"endTime":103.6,"body":"of another substance—sulphur"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":100.4,"endTime":103.6,"body":"dioxide—and this was the killer."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":103.6,"endTime":108.0,"body":"As the days passed, doctors realized"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":103.6,"endTime":108.0,"body":"that something drastic was happening."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":108.0,"endTime":110.8,"body":"Deaths were increasing"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":108.0,"endTime":110.8,"body":"at a frightening rate."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":110.8,"endTime":114.8,"body":"The mortality rate for babies"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":110.8,"endTime":114.8,"body":"under a year old doubled."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":114.8,"endTime":116.8,"body":"Hospitals overflowed with chest cases."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":116.8,"endTime":119.2,"body":"Deaths from pneumonia"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":116.8,"endTime":119.2,"body":"increased four times."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":119.2,"endTime":124.0,"body":"And, for those with bronchitis,"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":119.2,"endTime":124.0,"body":"it was the worst killer of all."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":124.0,"endTime":129.6,"body":"The mortality rate rose by nine times"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":124.0,"endTime":129.6,"body":"and nobody could do anything about it."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":129.6,"endTime":135.2,"body":"Smash-and-grab raiders had a field day,"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":129.6,"endTime":135.2,"body":"and though there weren't many cars on the"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":135.2,"endTime":137.6,"body":"roads, there were hundreds of accidents."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":137.6,"endTime":140.8,"body":"[train chugs] On the"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":137.6,"endTime":140.8,"body":"railways, it was chaos."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":140.8,"endTime":146.0,"body":"Those trains which did get through were"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":140.8,"endTime":146.0,"body":"packed and, at the stations, crowds"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":146.0,"endTime":148.4,"body":"queued, in many cases, all night."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":148.4,"endTime":149.6,"body":"Thousands were stranded."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":149.6,"endTime":155.2,"body":"It was impossible to see the signals"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":149.6,"endTime":155.2,"body":"and drivers had to work by ear."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":155.2,"endTime":156.0,"body":"[train thuds]"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":156.0,"endTime":160.8,"body":"[eerie music continues] As the five"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":156.0,"endTime":160.8,"body":"days passed, the emergency built up."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":160.8,"endTime":166.8,"body":"Ice and frost joined in to make matters"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":160.8,"endTime":166.8,"body":"even worse, and while people coughed and"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":166.8,"endTime":169.6,"body":"choked, the smog got thicker and darker."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":169.6,"endTime":174.0,"body":"[music intensifies] At the airport,"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":169.6,"endTime":174.0,"body":"traffic came to a standstill and"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":174.0,"endTime":176.8,"body":"it was the same in the docks."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":176.8,"endTime":180.4,"body":"Ships and aircraft stopped"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":176.8,"endTime":180.4,"body":"where they were and waited."},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":180.4,"endTime":185.6,"body":"As a direct result of those five"},{"speaker":"1950s English Reporter 01","startTime":180.4,"endTime":185.6,"body":"days of smog, 4,000 people died."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":185.6,"endTime":186.4,"body":"02"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":186.4,"endTime":191.6,"body":"[sombre music] In 1952, the Great Smog"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":186.4,"endTime":191.6,"body":"of London killed an estimated 12,000"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":191.6,"endTime":194.4,"body":"people who breathed the filthy, toxic air."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":194.4,"endTime":198.8,"body":"The often-catastrophic health impacts"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":194.4,"endTime":198.8,"body":"of air pollution were made fatally clear"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":198.8,"endTime":204.0,"body":"and, in response, in 1956, the United"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":198.8,"endTime":204.0,"body":"Kingdom adopted the Clean Air Act."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":204.0,"endTime":209.2,"body":"Over 70 years later, cities around the"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":204.0,"endTime":209.2,"body":"world are still suffering negative health"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":209.2,"endTime":214.0,"body":"impacts of air pollution, primarily"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":209.2,"endTime":214.0,"body":"caused by the burning of fossil fuels."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":214.0,"endTime":219.6,"body":"And, just as in 1956, London is yet"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":214.0,"endTime":219.6,"body":"again leading the charge against air"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":219.6,"endTime":223.2,"body":"pollution, ensuring all residents"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":219.6,"endTime":223.2,"body":"are breathing safer, cleaner air"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":223.2,"endTime":225.2,"body":"through a variety of measures."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":225.2,"endTime":229.2,"body":"[upbeat, energetic music] Under"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":225.2,"endTime":229.2,"body":"the leadership of Mayor Sadiq Khan,"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":229.2,"endTime":234.4,"body":"the Ultra Low Emission Zone, or"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":229.2,"endTime":234.4,"body":"ULEZ—an area of London where the most"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":234.4,"endTime":238.8,"body":"polluting vehicles are restricted or"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":234.4,"endTime":238.8,"body":"a charge must be paid—was expanded"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":238.8,"endTime":241.6,"body":"to cover all boroughs of the city."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":241.6,"endTime":246.8,"body":"The Clean Air Wins campaign is focused"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":241.6,"endTime":246.8,"body":"on building a network of advocates"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":246.8,"endTime":251.6,"body":"committed to social and environmental"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":246.8,"endTime":251.6,"body":"justice and was a vital tool in"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":251.6,"endTime":256.4,"body":"building public support for the ULEZ"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":251.6,"endTime":256.4,"body":"expansion and other clean air policies."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":256.4,"endTime":261.2,"body":"Thus far, ULEZ is estimated to have"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":256.4,"endTime":261.2,"body":"contributed to a 4.5% reduction"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":261.2,"endTime":265.2,"body":"in long-term health problems and"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":261.2,"endTime":265.2,"body":"an 8% decrease in respiratory"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":265.2,"endTime":267.2,"body":"issues like asthma and bronchitis."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":267.2,"endTime":272.4,"body":"It is expected to bring cleaner air"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":267.2,"endTime":272.4,"body":"to an additional 5 million people"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":272.4,"endTime":277.2,"body":"while reducing carbon emissions in"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":272.4,"endTime":277.2,"body":"outer London by a further 27,000 tons."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":277.2,"endTime":283.2,"body":"Being able to breathe clean air should"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":277.2,"endTime":283.2,"body":"be a human right but here are some"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":283.2,"endTime":285.2,"body":"statistics that might surprise you."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":285.2,"endTime":288.8,"body":"According to the World Health"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":285.2,"endTime":288.8,"body":"Organization, only 1% of"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":288.8,"endTime":292.4,"body":"the global population can"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":288.8,"endTime":292.4,"body":"take that right for granted."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":292.4,"endTime":298.0,"body":"99% of the world's population does not"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":292.4,"endTime":298.0,"body":"experience clean air because they live in"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":298.0,"endTime":300.4,"body":"areas that exceed safe pollution limits."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":300.4,"endTime":306.0,"body":"6.7 million premature deaths per year"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":300.4,"endTime":306.0,"body":"are due to exposure to poor air quality"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":306.0,"endTime":310.8,"body":"and 91% of those premature deaths occur"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":306.0,"endTime":310.8,"body":"in low- and middle-income countries."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":310.8,"endTime":315.2,"body":"But, on a brighter note, there"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":310.8,"endTime":315.2,"body":"are 50 like-minded cities around"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":315.2,"endTime":319.6,"body":"the world, committed to ambitious"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":315.2,"endTime":319.6,"body":"targets that take direct and decisive"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":319.6,"endTime":321.2,"body":"action against air pollution."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":321.2,"endTime":326.0,"body":"Cities are taking urgent action on air"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":321.2,"endTime":326.0,"body":"pollution to tackle climate breakdown,"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":326.0,"endTime":329.6,"body":"improve air quality, and create"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":326.0,"endTime":329.6,"body":"healthier, more resilient cities."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":329.6,"endTime":333.2,"body":"But, what does that action"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":329.6,"endTime":333.2,"body":"look like in practice?"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":333.2,"endTime":334.0,"body":"[music ends]"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":334.0,"endTime":339.2,"body":"[light, gentle music] Today, we'll hear"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":334.0,"endTime":339.2,"body":"from two amazing clean air advocates who"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":339.2,"endTime":344.8,"body":"are empowering cities to raise up the"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":339.2,"endTime":344.8,"body":"voices of those who are most affected."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":344.8,"endTime":350.0,"body":"These leaders are ensuring that the most"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":344.8,"endTime":350.0,"body":"vulnerable and impacted city residents are"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":350.0,"endTime":354.8,"body":"better protected from the health impacts"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":350.0,"endTime":354.8,"body":"and inequities of the climate crisis."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":354.8,"endTime":360.4,"body":"One of those guests is C40's own Senior"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":354.8,"endTime":360.4,"body":"Manager for Air Quality, who helps"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":360.4,"endTime":364.8,"body":"cities to collaborate and share best"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":360.4,"endTime":364.8,"body":"practices and solutions for improving"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":364.8,"endTime":369.2,"body":"air quality to meet their public"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":364.8,"endTime":369.2,"body":"health, climate, and equity goals."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":369.2,"endTime":373.6,"body":"But first, let's meet a community"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":369.2,"endTime":373.6,"body":"leader who's committed to placing"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":373.6,"endTime":378.8,"body":"research and agency back into the hands"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":373.6,"endTime":378.8,"body":"of Black communities as advocates for"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":378.8,"endTime":381.2,"body":"change in their own health narratives."},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":381.2,"endTime":382.0,"body":"[music ends]"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 06","startTime":382.0,"endTime":383.2,"body":"53"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 06","startTime":383.2,"endTime":387.2,"body":"[rotary dial telephone rings]"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 06","startTime":383.2,"endTime":387.2,"body":"[clicks] My name is Agnes Agyepong."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 06","startTime":387.2,"endTime":391.2,"body":"I'm the Founder and CEO of"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 06","startTime":387.2,"endTime":391.2,"body":"Global Black Maternal Health"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 06","startTime":391.2,"endTime":393.6,"body":"and I'm calling in from London."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 06","startTime":393.6,"endTime":395.6,"body":"[receiver chimes, replaced in cradle]"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":395.6,"endTime":396.4,"body":"06"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":396.4,"endTime":401.2,"body":"[light, rhythmic music] Agnes and"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":396.4,"endTime":401.2,"body":"her team studied the impact of air"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":401.2,"endTime":405.2,"body":"pollution on Black women, especially"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":401.2,"endTime":405.2,"body":"during pregnancy, and their children."},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":405.2,"endTime":409.6,"body":"They sponsor the Black Child Clean"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":405.2,"endTime":409.6,"body":"Air Initiative and also support"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":409.6,"endTime":411.6,"body":"the Clean Air Wins campaign."},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":411.6,"endTime":415.2,"body":"Because of historical and structural"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":411.6,"endTime":415.2,"body":"inequities, Black women are"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":415.2,"endTime":418.4,"body":"disproportionately affected by air"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":415.2,"endTime":418.4,"body":"pollution and consequently suffer"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":418.4,"endTime":420.4,"body":"from related negative health outcomes."},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":420.4,"endTime":425.6,"body":"To overcome these injustices, it's"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":420.4,"endTime":425.6,"body":"vital for cities to listen to, and be"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":425.6,"endTime":430.4,"body":"champions of, the important work that"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":425.6,"endTime":430.4,"body":"Agnes and her organizations are doing."},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":430.4,"endTime":431.2,"body":"[music ends]"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":431.2,"endTime":433.2,"body":"Agnes, welcome to Cities, 1.5."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":433.2,"endTime":434.4,"body":"48"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":434.4,"endTime":436.8,"body":"Thank you for having me, David."},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":436.8,"endTime":437.6,"body":"51"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":437.6,"endTime":442.8,"body":"Can you just tell our listeners a"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":437.6,"endTime":442.8,"body":"little bit about yourself and what"},{"speaker":"David 07","startTime":442.8,"endTime":445.6,"body":"influenced you to work in this area?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":445.6,"endTime":446.8,"body":"57"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":446.8,"endTime":454.4,"body":"To be honest, if anyone had said to me"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":446.8,"endTime":454.4,"body":"5, 10 years back that I would be a clean"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":454.4,"endTime":456.8,"body":"air advocate, I would have laughed."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":456.8,"endTime":458.4,"body":"But, I'm a mum."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":458.4,"endTime":460.0,"body":"I have three children."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":460.0,"endTime":461.6,"body":"My daughter is asthmatic."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":461.6,"endTime":468.0,"body":"When she was around four or five, she was"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":461.6,"endTime":468.0,"body":"hospitalized a good three times during a"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":468.0,"endTime":473.6,"body":"short period of time, and so it started"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":468.0,"endTime":473.6,"body":"my journey in understanding, you know,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":473.6,"endTime":476.0,"body":"how the air intersects with health."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":476.0,"endTime":482.4,"body":"I live in London, as well, which is,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":476.0,"endTime":482.4,"body":"you know, a busy city, but also, with"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":482.4,"endTime":484.8,"body":"busy cities, comes high polluted areas."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":484.8,"endTime":491.6,"body":"So, I just kind of fell into this space"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":484.8,"endTime":491.6,"body":"of, \"How can I keep my daughter safe?\""},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":491.6,"endTime":498.0,"body":"In parallel to that, I'm a maternal health"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":491.6,"endTime":498.0,"body":"advocate, and so when I was looking at"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":498.0,"endTime":502.4,"body":"all of the conversations around maternal"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":498.0,"endTime":502.4,"body":"health, maternal mental health, but"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":502.4,"endTime":508.0,"body":"particularly Black maternal health in"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":502.4,"endTime":508.0,"body":"the UK at the time, so looking at 2019,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":508.0,"endTime":513.6,"body":"Black women were five times more likely"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":508.0,"endTime":513.6,"body":"to die in pregnancy than white women,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":513.6,"endTime":520.0,"body":"and similar stats that we see also in"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":513.6,"endTime":520.0,"body":"the US and around the world, none of"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":520.0,"endTime":523.6,"body":"the conversations were around these"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":520.0,"endTime":523.6,"body":"environmental factors that contribute"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":523.6,"endTime":525.2,"body":"towards adverse health outcomes."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":525.2,"endTime":526.8,"body":"I'm thinking, \"Hold on."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":526.8,"endTime":532.0,"body":"Why are we not talking about, [chuckles"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":526.8,"endTime":532.0,"body":"wryly] you know, the environmental factors"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":532.0,"endTime":534.0,"body":"in all these different conversations?\""},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":534.0,"endTime":540.4,"body":"and then they all kind of met together in"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 07","startTime":534.0,"endTime":540.4,"body":"the middle and that started my journey."},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":540.4,"endTime":541.2,"body":"12"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":541.2,"endTime":544.0,"body":"First of all, how's your daughter doing?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":544.0,"endTime":545.2,"body":"14"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":545.2,"endTime":546.0,"body":"She's fine."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":546.0,"endTime":550.4,"body":"She's 11, going on a good"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":546.0,"endTime":550.4,"body":"25 at the moment, so..."},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":550.4,"endTime":551.2,"body":"19"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":551.2,"endTime":556.4,"body":"[chuckles] So, can you talk a"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":551.2,"endTime":556.4,"body":"little bit about the work of the"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":556.4,"endTime":558.0,"body":"organization that you founded?"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":558.0,"endTime":559.2,"body":"What's the mission?"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":559.2,"endTime":561.6,"body":"And, what does it actually do?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":561.6,"endTime":562.8,"body":"28"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":562.8,"endTime":567.2,"body":"Well, oftentimes, when we're looking"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":562.8,"endTime":567.2,"body":"at Black maternal health, we don't"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":567.2,"endTime":570.8,"body":"have enough Black maternal health"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":567.2,"endTime":570.8,"body":"researchers leading as decision-makers."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":570.8,"endTime":574.0,"body":"I started understanding"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":570.8,"endTime":574.0,"body":"that, \"Hold on a minute."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":574.0,"endTime":578.0,"body":"There's not enough research on"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":574.0,"endTime":578.0,"body":"Black maternal health from Black"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":578.0,"endTime":582.8,"body":"women, led by Black women, for"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":578.0,"endTime":582.8,"body":"Black women,\" and there's a lack."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":582.8,"endTime":587.2,"body":"And, if we're trying to readdress"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":582.8,"endTime":587.2,"body":"maternal health disparities, we need"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":587.2,"endTime":592.0,"body":"to have those people who are from"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":587.2,"endTime":592.0,"body":"the communities driving that change."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":592.0,"endTime":598.4,"body":"So, with myself, with the network that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":592.0,"endTime":598.4,"body":"I had been able to build, I kind of"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":598.4,"endTime":603.2,"body":"pulled the whole team together and"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":598.4,"endTime":603.2,"body":"said, \"Look, we're not waiting around."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":603.2,"endTime":605.2,"body":"If not us, then who?\""},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":605.2,"endTime":608.8,"body":"And that's how Global Black"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":605.2,"endTime":608.8,"body":"Maternal Health came about."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":608.8,"endTime":614.4,"body":"And, our mission is to really put"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":608.8,"endTime":614.4,"body":"research back into the hands of Black"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":614.4,"endTime":618.4,"body":"communities as leaders and change"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":614.4,"endTime":618.4,"body":"agents, because we fundamentally believe"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":618.4,"endTime":622.0,"body":"that actually, when we're looking"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":618.4,"endTime":622.0,"body":"at research that's evidence-based,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":622.0,"endTime":628.0,"body":"and when we look at how funding is"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":622.0,"endTime":628.0,"body":"allocated, you need to have the evidence."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":628.0,"endTime":633.6,"body":"You need to have research, rounded in"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":628.0,"endTime":633.6,"body":"the community but, if it's not there,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":633.6,"endTime":638.4,"body":"then actually the situation becomes very"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":633.6,"endTime":638.4,"body":"anecdotal, so we felt that actually,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":638.4,"endTime":643.2,"body":"if we want to readdress structural"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":638.4,"endTime":643.2,"body":"inequalities, we needed to be the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":643.2,"endTime":648.8,"body":"ones to drive home that research, and"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 09","startTime":643.2,"endTime":648.8,"body":"that's what we're doing at the moment."},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":648.8,"endTime":649.6,"body":"39"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":649.6,"endTime":655.2,"body":"So, that's really interesting to me"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":649.6,"endTime":655.2,"body":"on a whole range of levels, but that"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":655.2,"endTime":660.0,"body":"link between academic research and the"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":655.2,"endTime":660.0,"body":"actions of government – of course, city"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":660.0,"endTime":665.2,"body":"government in our case because that's"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":660.0,"endTime":665.2,"body":"what this podcast is about—is a really"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":665.2,"endTime":670.0,"body":"complicated one and an interesting"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":665.2,"endTime":670.0,"body":"one if you can get the results."},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":670.0,"endTime":675.6,"body":"Have you been able to spur research"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":670.0,"endTime":675.6,"body":"that's relevant, that helps to make the"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":675.6,"endTime":680.8,"body":"argument that there is a differential"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":675.6,"endTime":680.8,"body":"impact of air pollution on the health"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":680.8,"endTime":683.2,"body":"of Black women and their children?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":683.2,"endTime":684.4,"body":"14"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":684.4,"endTime":685.2,"body":"Well, definitely."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":685.2,"endTime":690.4,"body":"I think we've really started to start"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":685.2,"endTime":690.4,"body":"a real conversation because I'm from"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":690.4,"endTime":696.0,"body":"south London, born and raised in a"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":690.4,"endTime":696.0,"body":"very diverse area, and what does clean"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":696.0,"endTime":701.6,"body":"air mean to me if that's the only"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":696.0,"endTime":701.6,"body":"air I've ever breathed, you know?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":701.6,"endTime":707.2,"body":"And so, for us, in the kind of"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":701.6,"endTime":707.2,"body":"first instance, it was really about"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":707.2,"endTime":711.2,"body":"having a baseline understanding of"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":707.2,"endTime":711.2,"body":"the attitudes, the knowledge, and"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":711.2,"endTime":716.0,"body":"the behaviour of Black women around"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":711.2,"endTime":716.0,"body":"air pollution in the first instance."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":716.0,"endTime":720.0,"body":"I'm having that conversation so that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":716.0,"endTime":720.0,"body":"policymakers, government, but also"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":720.0,"endTime":724.4,"body":"the community can understand what"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":720.0,"endTime":724.4,"body":"does air pollution, what does clean"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":724.4,"endTime":728.8,"body":"air look like to the very communities"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":724.4,"endTime":728.8,"body":"who are disproportionately impacted?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":728.8,"endTime":734.8,"body":"So, that was kind of what we thought"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":728.8,"endTime":734.8,"body":"our role was because we couldn't even"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":734.8,"endTime":740.0,"body":"delve into any further area because"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":734.8,"endTime":740.0,"body":"there just hadn't been a baseline study."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":740.0,"endTime":744.0,"body":"A lot of things were being"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":740.0,"endTime":744.0,"body":"done to communities as"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 11","startTime":744.0,"endTime":745.6,"body":"opposed to with communities."},{"speaker":"David 12","startTime":745.6,"endTime":746.4,"body":"05"},{"speaker":"David 12","startTime":746.4,"endTime":746.8,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"David 12","startTime":746.8,"endTime":748.8,"body":"That's a very important distinction."},{"speaker":"David 12","startTime":748.8,"endTime":752.4,"body":"[driving music] And, in London,"},{"speaker":"David 12","startTime":748.8,"endTime":752.4,"body":"the air quality, historically,"},{"speaker":"David 12","startTime":752.4,"endTime":754.8,"body":"is not very good at all."},{"speaker":"David 12","startTime":754.8,"endTime":760.0,"body":"There's research that connects the impact"},{"speaker":"David 12","startTime":754.8,"endTime":760.0,"body":"of the air pollution with maternal health."},{"speaker":"David 12","startTime":760.0,"endTime":762.4,"body":"Can you speak to those impacts?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":762.4,"endTime":763.6,"body":"25"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":763.6,"endTime":769.6,"body":"Now, the air is not racist, but where"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":763.6,"endTime":769.6,"body":"people live, where they grow up, the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":769.6,"endTime":774.0,"body":"environment that shapes their world,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":769.6,"endTime":774.0,"body":"that is what causes the systemic"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":774.0,"endTime":778.4,"body":"racism, so it's really important to"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":774.0,"endTime":778.4,"body":"understand the distinction between that."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":778.4,"endTime":783.2,"body":"When we're saying that Black women"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":778.4,"endTime":783.2,"body":"are more likely to experience the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":783.2,"endTime":788.0,"body":"adverse impact of air pollution,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":783.2,"endTime":788.0,"body":"it's not to say that air pollution"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":788.0,"endTime":789.6,"body":"only impacts Black women."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":789.6,"endTime":793.2,"body":"It's to say that, actually, where"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":789.6,"endTime":793.2,"body":"these communities disproportionately"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":793.2,"endTime":798.4,"body":"live means that they're, to a higher"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":793.2,"endTime":798.4,"body":"degree, more likely to be exposed"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":798.4,"endTime":800.4,"body":"to environmental hazards, you know?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":800.4,"endTime":801.6,"body":"[music fades out]"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":801.6,"endTime":807.6,"body":"And so, for us, if these very communities"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":801.6,"endTime":807.6,"body":"then are not aware that they're more"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":807.6,"endTime":814.0,"body":"likely to be exposed or it's the only area"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":807.6,"endTime":814.0,"body":"that you you breathe, then that's where"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":814.0,"endTime":816.4,"body":"the social justice issue comes about."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":816.4,"endTime":822.4,"body":"And, when you're talking about how has"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":816.4,"endTime":822.4,"body":"our work now kind of impacted the research"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":822.4,"endTime":827.6,"body":"world, for myself personally, just"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":822.4,"endTime":827.6,"body":"within the past, I would say seven, eight"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":827.6,"endTime":830.4,"body":"months, it's been a really busy time."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":830.4,"endTime":835.2,"body":"I actually thought we were going"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":830.4,"endTime":835.2,"body":"to release our report, we were"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":835.2,"endTime":840.8,"body":"going to have our conference, and"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":835.2,"endTime":840.8,"body":"I was going to be able to rest."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":840.8,"endTime":842.8,"body":"That was what I thought."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":842.8,"endTime":847.2,"body":"[laughs] But actually, since our"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":842.8,"endTime":847.2,"body":"conference and since releasing the report,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":847.2,"endTime":852.8,"body":"you know, we've been having conversations"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":847.2,"endTime":852.8,"body":"in Ghana with anyone from the World Health"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":852.8,"endTime":858.4,"body":"Organization to the United Nations around"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":852.8,"endTime":858.4,"body":"our work and how there's kind of similar"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":858.4,"endTime":860.4,"body":"correlations in a different context."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":860.4,"endTime":865.6,"body":"I was just at COP 28, speaking"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":860.4,"endTime":865.6,"body":"about maternal health to a global"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":865.6,"endTime":870.8,"body":"audience, so you can see that there"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":865.6,"endTime":870.8,"body":"is a massive appetite to actually"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":870.8,"endTime":872.4,"body":"understand the human impact."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":872.4,"endTime":877.2,"body":"Even though we've only focused on"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":872.4,"endTime":877.2,"body":"London, so many different kind of"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":877.2,"endTime":881.2,"body":"cities and communities around the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":877.2,"endTime":881.2,"body":"world are identifying that actually,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":881.2,"endTime":886.4,"body":"yes, you know, where people live,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":881.2,"endTime":886.4,"body":"where they grow up, where they school"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":886.4,"endTime":889.2,"body":"does have an impact on their health."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":889.2,"endTime":893.2,"body":"Definitely, it has an impact"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":889.2,"endTime":893.2,"body":"on our health as adults."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":893.2,"endTime":898.4,"body":"What's the impact on us, on our"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":893.2,"endTime":898.4,"body":"children, and also our unborn babies?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":898.4,"endTime":902.4,"body":"So, that conversation and that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":898.4,"endTime":902.4,"body":"research is starting to happen."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":902.4,"endTime":903.6,"body":"But, not enough."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":903.6,"endTime":910.0,"body":"I feel like there should be more,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":903.6,"endTime":910.0,"body":"but at the end of the day we are"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 12","startTime":910.0,"endTime":912.0,"body":"starting to have those conversations."},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":912.0,"endTime":912.8,"body":"25"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":912.8,"endTime":917.2,"body":"For the listeners, can you"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":912.8,"endTime":917.2,"body":"say how to find the report?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 14","startTime":917.2,"endTime":918.4,"body":"29"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 14","startTime":918.4,"endTime":918.8,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 14","startTime":918.8,"endTime":923.6,"body":"So, we have a dedicated website, so that's"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 14","startTime":918.8,"endTime":923.6,"body":"www.blackchildcleanair.com, and if you"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 14","startTime":923.6,"endTime":930.0,"body":"go on to our website, you'll not only see"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 14","startTime":923.6,"endTime":930.0,"body":"our report; we also have an infographic."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 14","startTime":930.0,"endTime":935.6,"body":"We also have kind of a mini video"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 14","startTime":930.0,"endTime":935.6,"body":"showing the conference and some photos"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 14","startTime":935.6,"endTime":937.6,"body":"and further information, as well."},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":937.6,"endTime":938.4,"body":"47"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":938.4,"endTime":941.6,"body":"It's really, really important"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":938.4,"endTime":941.6,"body":"and highly relevant, globally."},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":941.6,"endTime":947.2,"body":"Now, I understand that you've been"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":941.6,"endTime":947.2,"body":"involved in some of the work in London,"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":947.2,"endTime":949.6,"body":"including the Clean Air Wins campaign."},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":949.6,"endTime":951.6,"body":"Can you speak about that?"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":951.6,"endTime":956.0,"body":"And, I'd be interested in your"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":951.6,"endTime":956.0,"body":"perspective about the importance of"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":956.0,"endTime":960.0,"body":"practical advocacy like this when"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":956.0,"endTime":960.0,"body":"you're an organization whose starting"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":960.0,"endTime":964.8,"body":"point was the people we're working with"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":960.0,"endTime":964.8,"body":"are excluded from the conversation."},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":964.8,"endTime":967.2,"body":"Let's get them into the conversation."},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":967.2,"endTime":974.0,"body":"And, it looks to me like, in London at"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":967.2,"endTime":974.0,"body":"least, you've been able to move past that"},{"speaker":"David 14","startTime":974.0,"endTime":977.2,"body":"and try to speak to results, as well."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":977.2,"endTime":978.4,"body":"24"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":978.4,"endTime":978.8,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":978.8,"endTime":985.2,"body":"So, I really enjoyed being part of the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":978.8,"endTime":985.2,"body":"Clean Air Wins campaign and I felt like"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":985.2,"endTime":989.6,"body":"it was really important that diverse"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":985.2,"endTime":989.6,"body":"voices are included around campaigns"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":989.6,"endTime":994.0,"body":"such as this because, historically,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":989.6,"endTime":994.0,"body":"when we're looking at the environmental"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":994.0,"endTime":996.0,"body":"sector, it hasn't been diverse."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":996.0,"endTime":1001.2,"body":"So then, when you try and bring"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":996.0,"endTime":1001.2,"body":"in policies like ULEZ and policies"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1001.2,"endTime":1005.6,"body":"that actually do help communities,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1001.2,"endTime":1005.6,"body":"it feels often like you're doing"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1005.6,"endTime":1008.0,"body":"to and you're not doing with."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1008.0,"endTime":1013.2,"body":"So, being part of the Clean Air"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1008.0,"endTime":1013.2,"body":"Wins campaign was good because we"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1013.2,"endTime":1018.0,"body":"were able to speak to communities"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1013.2,"endTime":1018.0,"body":"in a very culturally sensitive way."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1018.0,"endTime":1023.2,"body":"For me, now moving forward, it's about"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1018.0,"endTime":1023.2,"body":"getting involved in these kind of"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1023.2,"endTime":1025.6,"body":"campaigns, but much earlier on now."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1025.6,"endTime":1032.4,"body":"You know, we want to be able to be"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1025.6,"endTime":1032.4,"body":"involved and be on the driving seat before"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1032.4,"endTime":1038.4,"body":"a campaign is even a campaign so that,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1032.4,"endTime":1038.4,"body":"when there are policies coming out, it's"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1038.4,"endTime":1040.8,"body":"not just, \"Now, let's get involved.\""},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1040.8,"endTime":1044.0,"body":"It's actually that communities"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1040.8,"endTime":1044.0,"body":"well-informed about the issues,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1044.0,"endTime":1048.4,"body":"and therefore they're actually the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1044.0,"endTime":1048.4,"body":"ones even asking for these changes."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1048.4,"endTime":1051.6,"body":"But Clean Air Wins was"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1048.4,"endTime":1051.6,"body":"really, really important."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1051.6,"endTime":1057.2,"body":"I thought that it helped to drive,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1051.6,"endTime":1057.2,"body":"you know, a conversation in a very"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1057.2,"endTime":1064.0,"body":"kind of nuanced way and I and I was"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 15","startTime":1057.2,"endTime":1064.0,"body":"really honoured to be a part of it."},{"speaker":"David 16","startTime":1064.0,"endTime":1064.8,"body":"34"},{"speaker":"David 16","startTime":1064.8,"endTime":1070.8,"body":"I love the point you made that the"},{"speaker":"David 16","startTime":1064.8,"endTime":1070.8,"body":"community will do the work if they're"},{"speaker":"David 16","startTime":1070.8,"endTime":1072.8,"body":"properly there at the beginning..."},{"speaker":"David 16","startTime":1072.8,"endTime":1074.0,"body":"before the beginning."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1074.0,"endTime":1075.2,"body":"42"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1075.2,"endTime":1078.4,"body":"Before the beginning"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1075.2,"endTime":1078.4,"body":"because we want the change."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1078.4,"endTime":1081.2,"body":"You know, we live in these communities."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1081.2,"endTime":1086.8,"body":"These are the only communities that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1081.2,"endTime":1086.8,"body":"we know, so we want to be healthy."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1086.8,"endTime":1091.2,"body":"[light, percussive music] But, give"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1086.8,"endTime":1091.2,"body":"us that agency and don't presume"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1091.2,"endTime":1095.2,"body":"that, \"Oh, you know, we're from"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1091.2,"endTime":1095.2,"body":"this social-economic background or"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1095.2,"endTime":1100.0,"body":"we're from this race,\" or, you know,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1095.2,"endTime":1100.0,"body":"having those kind of assumptions."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1100.0,"endTime":1104.4,"body":"So, let's go into kind of,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1100.0,"endTime":1104.4,"body":"\"We want to help everybody.\""},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1104.4,"endTime":1108.8,"body":"And, it might be well-meaning but"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1104.4,"endTime":1108.8,"body":"actually, let's give communities the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1108.8,"endTime":1114.0,"body":"agency to be able to let policymakers"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1108.8,"endTime":1114.0,"body":"really understand what matters to them"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1114.0,"endTime":1116.8,"body":"and work together in a relational way."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1116.8,"endTime":1123.2,"body":"And, I think, when we do policy that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1116.8,"endTime":1123.2,"body":"way, we can't help but make our world"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1123.2,"endTime":1125.2,"body":"a more, healthier, better place."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 16","startTime":1125.2,"endTime":1126.4,"body":"[music fades out]"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1126.4,"endTime":1127.2,"body":"23"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1127.2,"endTime":1129.6,"body":"Well, a very well-founded point indeed."},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1129.6,"endTime":1134.8,"body":"You mentioned a little bit earlier"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1129.6,"endTime":1134.8,"body":"about Ghana and some of the attention"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1134.8,"endTime":1139.2,"body":"this work has gotten globally"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1134.8,"endTime":1139.2,"body":"and the real interest in it."},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1139.2,"endTime":1144.4,"body":"We know, from all of the climate"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1139.2,"endTime":1144.4,"body":"science, that extreme heat is going"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1144.4,"endTime":1149.6,"body":"to be another issue and science is"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1144.4,"endTime":1149.6,"body":"telling us that there's real risk,"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1149.6,"endTime":1153.2,"body":"particularly to pregnant women, which"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1149.6,"endTime":1153.2,"body":"might disproportionately impact Africa."},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1153.2,"endTime":1156.8,"body":"It's a really significant population"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1153.2,"endTime":1156.8,"body":"of Black women, obviously."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 17","startTime":1156.8,"endTime":1158.0,"body":"57"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 17","startTime":1158.0,"endTime":1158.4,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1158.4,"endTime":1159.2,"body":"57"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1159.2,"endTime":1164.8,"body":"Any thoughts from the work that you've"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1159.2,"endTime":1164.8,"body":"been doing globally about how we apply"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1164.8,"endTime":1170.0,"body":"that principle of inclusion, both of"},{"speaker":"David 17","startTime":1164.8,"endTime":1170.0,"body":"process and results, to women in Africa?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1170.0,"endTime":1171.2,"body":"08"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1171.2,"endTime":1176.0,"body":"Again, it's about working with the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1171.2,"endTime":1176.0,"body":"communities that are on the ground."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1176.0,"endTime":1181.6,"body":"I went to a conference last year"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1176.0,"endTime":1181.6,"body":"that was convened by the Second Lady"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1181.6,"endTime":1186.4,"body":"of Ghana and I was really, really"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1181.6,"endTime":1186.4,"body":"shocked to find an organization"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1186.4,"endTime":1188.8,"body":"there who was campaigning about guns."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1188.8,"endTime":1194.0,"body":"What's an organization campaigning"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1188.8,"endTime":1194.0,"body":"about guns doing at a kind of women and"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1194.0,"endTime":1195.6,"body":"children's climate change conference?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1195.6,"endTime":1201.6,"body":"And, what they had said to me was that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1195.6,"endTime":1201.6,"body":"actually, because of climate change, you"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1201.6,"endTime":1207.6,"body":"know, particularly in the north of Ghana,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1201.6,"endTime":1207.6,"body":"it means that crops are not growing in"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1207.6,"endTime":1213.6,"body":"the same kind of way, and it means that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1207.6,"endTime":1213.6,"body":"there's a massive migration from the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1213.6,"endTime":1218.4,"body":"north to the south, which is bringing"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1213.6,"endTime":1218.4,"body":"instability, which is increasing violence,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1218.4,"endTime":1223.2,"body":"and we know disproportionately then it's"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1218.4,"endTime":1223.2,"body":"women and children who are impacted."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1223.2,"endTime":1227.6,"body":"So again, it's about really understanding"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1223.2,"endTime":1227.6,"body":"when we're talking about the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1227.6,"endTime":1231.6,"body":"environment and we're talking about"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1227.6,"endTime":1231.6,"body":"climate change, what's the real-life"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1231.6,"endTime":1234.4,"body":"impact on human beings on the ground?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1234.4,"endTime":1237.6,"body":"You know, what does that now look like?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1237.6,"endTime":1239.6,"body":"Does it look like instability?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1239.6,"endTime":1242.4,"body":"Does it look like more crowded cities?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1242.4,"endTime":1246.0,"body":"Does it look like then lack"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1242.4,"endTime":1246.0,"body":"of economic opportunity?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1246.0,"endTime":1252.8,"body":"If I hadn't been in Ghana, I would never"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1246.0,"endTime":1252.8,"body":"have thought that, so it's all about the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1252.8,"endTime":1257.6,"body":"importance of actually being on the ground"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1252.8,"endTime":1257.6,"body":"and speaking to communities, individuals,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1257.6,"endTime":1263.2,"body":"about what does climate change actually"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1257.6,"endTime":1263.2,"body":"look like for them on a day-to-day basis?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1263.2,"endTime":1268.4,"body":"And I think, if we're not having those"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1263.2,"endTime":1268.4,"body":"conversations and we're being presumptuous"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1268.4,"endTime":1273.6,"body":"and we're also extrapolating a Western"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1268.4,"endTime":1273.6,"body":"mindset-- you know, I'm born  and raised"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1273.6,"endTime":1276.4,"body":"in an urban city in London, right?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1276.4,"endTime":1278.8,"body":"So yes, I'm a Black woman."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1278.8,"endTime":1285.6,"body":"My heritage is Ghanaian, but I'm not born"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1278.8,"endTime":1285.6,"body":"and raised in Ghana, so I still have to,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1285.6,"endTime":1291.2,"body":"even when I'm in Ghana, be in a continuous"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1285.6,"endTime":1291.2,"body":"state of learning and understanding,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1291.2,"endTime":1296.0,"body":"and so speaking to communities and"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1291.2,"endTime":1296.0,"body":"understanding the nuance of what that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1296.0,"endTime":1300.8,"body":"looks like from their cultural standpoint,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1296.0,"endTime":1300.8,"body":"again, you get that thing cascading"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1300.8,"endTime":1305.6,"body":"effect, where then communities will"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1300.8,"endTime":1305.6,"body":"start actually doing the work that they"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1305.6,"endTime":1311.6,"body":"need to do and policymakers can then"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1305.6,"endTime":1311.6,"body":"see, \"Where can I fit in to support"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1311.6,"endTime":1314.8,"body":"you on doing the work within that way?\""},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1314.8,"endTime":1321.6,"body":"But also, again, policymakers from a kind"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1314.8,"endTime":1321.6,"body":"of a macro level has a big role to play."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1321.6,"endTime":1326.0,"body":"When we're talking about climate"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1321.6,"endTime":1326.0,"body":"change, we know that for communities"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1326.0,"endTime":1329.2,"body":"that are disproportionately"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1326.0,"endTime":1329.2,"body":"impacted, they're not the biggest"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1329.2,"endTime":1330.8,"body":"contributors to climate change."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1330.8,"endTime":1331.2,"body":"Right?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1331.2,"endTime":1335.2,"body":"So, there's a whole role that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1331.2,"endTime":1335.2,"body":"policymakers, the government, individuals"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1335.2,"endTime":1340.0,"body":"that have decision-making authority"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1335.2,"endTime":1340.0,"body":"need to be involved in order to really"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1340.0,"endTime":1345.6,"body":"change that balance of power so that we"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1340.0,"endTime":1345.6,"body":"don't have the biggest players creating"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1345.6,"endTime":1351.2,"body":"the most towards pollution, to climate"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1345.6,"endTime":1351.2,"body":"change, and having the option to then kind"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1351.2,"endTime":1358.0,"body":"of move out of that city or move out of"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1351.2,"endTime":1358.0,"body":"that area and leave the most vulnerable"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1358.0,"endTime":1362.8,"body":"at the mercies of the environment"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 18","startTime":1358.0,"endTime":1362.8,"body":"when they didn't cause those damages."},{"speaker":"David 20","startTime":1362.8,"endTime":1363.6,"body":"44"},{"speaker":"David 20","startTime":1363.6,"endTime":1366.0,"body":"How should the climate sector diversify?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1366.0,"endTime":1367.2,"body":"49"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1367.2,"endTime":1371.6,"body":"Well, what I would say is"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1367.2,"endTime":1371.6,"body":"that's quite an easy one."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1371.6,"endTime":1377.2,"body":"I think, for people that are working in"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1371.6,"endTime":1377.2,"body":"the environmental sector, when they go"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1377.2,"endTime":1383.2,"body":"into a room or a meeting, they should"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1377.2,"endTime":1383.2,"body":"look around the room and ask themselves,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1383.2,"endTime":1388.4,"body":"\"How diverse is this room in comparison"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1383.2,"endTime":1388.4,"body":"to the communities that we serve?\""},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1388.4,"endTime":1388.8,"body":"Right?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1388.8,"endTime":1392.4,"body":"So, is there an equitable"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1388.8,"endTime":1392.4,"body":"representation around the table?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1392.4,"endTime":1397.2,"body":"And oftentimes, in rooms I walk"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1392.4,"endTime":1397.2,"body":"in, I'm the only person from--"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1397.2,"endTime":1402.0,"body":"I don't even want to say a Black"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1397.2,"endTime":1402.0,"body":"background – from a minoritized"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1402.0,"endTime":1404.0,"body":"background, walking in the room."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1404.0,"endTime":1408.8,"body":"So, there is a lot that the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1404.0,"endTime":1408.8,"body":"environmental sector needs to do."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1408.8,"endTime":1414.8,"body":"I think, secondly, I will put"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1408.8,"endTime":1414.8,"body":"my hands up in the air and say I"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1414.8,"endTime":1417.6,"body":"elbowed my way into all of this."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1417.6,"endTime":1422.4,"body":"I don't take no for an answer,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1417.6,"endTime":1422.4,"body":"but not everybody has the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1422.4,"endTime":1425.2,"body":"agency to be able to do that."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1425.2,"endTime":1430.4,"body":"I think because of the work I"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1425.2,"endTime":1430.4,"body":"was doing on the maternal health"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1430.4,"endTime":1434.8,"body":"side, I was able to translate that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1430.4,"endTime":1434.8,"body":"into the environmental sector."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1434.8,"endTime":1440.4,"body":"When you do have people around the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1434.8,"endTime":1440.4,"body":"table, how many of them are around"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1440.4,"endTime":1447.2,"body":"the table with an equal voice and what"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1440.4,"endTime":1447.2,"body":"I mean is how many of them are there"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1447.2,"endTime":1448.8,"body":"at senior decision-making levels?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1448.8,"endTime":1452.8,"body":"And, if you're working within"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1448.8,"endTime":1452.8,"body":"the environmental sector and you"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1452.8,"endTime":1454.8,"body":"know, \"Actually yes, it's true."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1454.8,"endTime":1459.2,"body":"Every meeting I go into, actually,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1454.8,"endTime":1459.2,"body":"there's not really a representation"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1459.2,"endTime":1464.0,"body":"of the communities that we serve in"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1459.2,"endTime":1464.0,"body":"a decision-making level,\" then there"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1464.0,"endTime":1466.8,"body":"needs to be something done about that."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1466.8,"endTime":1470.4,"body":"Different people from different"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1466.8,"endTime":1470.4,"body":"communities are going to experience"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1470.4,"endTime":1475.6,"body":"the environment in different ways, so"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1470.4,"endTime":1475.6,"body":"it is really important that we're not"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1475.6,"endTime":1481.6,"body":"just looking at this from a kind of"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1475.6,"endTime":1481.6,"body":"race aspect, but also poverty and race"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1481.6,"endTime":1487.2,"body":"and how that intersects and make sure"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1481.6,"endTime":1487.2,"body":"that, when we are having meetings, just"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1487.2,"endTime":1493.2,"body":"like I said with the way I fell into the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1487.2,"endTime":1493.2,"body":"maternity or through service-user voice,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1493.2,"endTime":1496.8,"body":"that actually, within the environmental"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1493.2,"endTime":1496.8,"body":"sector, we're including service-user"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 20","startTime":1496.8,"endTime":1499.2,"body":"voice of voice around that table."},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1499.2,"endTime":1500.0,"body":"26"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1500.0,"endTime":1504.4,"body":"Just from an outcomes perspective,"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1500.0,"endTime":1504.4,"body":"any thoughts about what mayors and"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1504.4,"endTime":1508.4,"body":"their policymakers should actually"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1504.4,"endTime":1508.4,"body":"be doing so that Black maternal"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1508.4,"endTime":1511.2,"body":"health is addressed in a better way?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1511.2,"endTime":1512.4,"body":"38"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1512.4,"endTime":1518.0,"body":"Within our report, Black Child Clean Air,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1512.4,"endTime":1518.0,"body":"we have recommendations, and we have four"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1518.0,"endTime":1524.0,"body":"key themes, so amplify to bring Black"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1518.0,"endTime":1524.0,"body":"voices to the fore of the current air"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1524.0,"endTime":1529.6,"body":"pollution debate; we have to discover,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1524.0,"endTime":1529.6,"body":"and that is the search for solutions that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1529.6,"endTime":1533.6,"body":"are community-driven and evidence-based;"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1529.6,"endTime":1533.6,"body":"educate, so to teach, train, and"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1533.6,"endTime":1537.6,"body":"equip communities and stakeholders"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1533.6,"endTime":1537.6,"body":"with the knowledge to make informed"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1537.6,"endTime":1542.4,"body":"choices; and to empower, to inspire"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1537.6,"endTime":1542.4,"body":"autonomy and the confidence to act."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1542.4,"endTime":1546.4,"body":"So, they're kind of our"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1542.4,"endTime":1546.4,"body":"four key areas of actions."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1546.4,"endTime":1551.6,"body":"And, we also have a particular kind"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1546.4,"endTime":1551.6,"body":"of area of action for policymakers."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1551.6,"endTime":1556.0,"body":"We want to raise awareness of air"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1551.6,"endTime":1556.0,"body":"pollution amongst Black families."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1556.0,"endTime":1561.6,"body":"For me, one of the biggest social justice"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1556.0,"endTime":1561.6,"body":"issues around the kind of environmental"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1561.6,"endTime":1566.0,"body":"sector, around air quality, that the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1561.6,"endTime":1566.0,"body":"people who are most disproportionately"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1566.0,"endTime":1571.6,"body":"impacted do not even know that they're"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1566.0,"endTime":1571.6,"body":"being harmed, so they're more likely to"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1571.6,"endTime":1576.8,"body":"have strokes, more likely to have high"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1571.6,"endTime":1576.8,"body":"blood pressure, more likely to have"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1576.8,"endTime":1581.2,"body":"diabetes, all these kind of different"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1576.8,"endTime":1581.2,"body":"aspects, and they don't actually"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1581.2,"endTime":1586.0,"body":"know they're actually living in areas"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1581.2,"endTime":1586.0,"body":"with high levels of air pollution."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1586.0,"endTime":1591.2,"body":"You can't even help to empower these"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1586.0,"endTime":1591.2,"body":"communities if they're unaware, and so"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1591.2,"endTime":1597.2,"body":"I think the main thing at this level,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1591.2,"endTime":1597.2,"body":"at the moment, is really raising that"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1597.2,"endTime":1601.6,"body":"awareness around the impact of air"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1597.2,"endTime":1601.6,"body":"pollution on maternal health outcomes."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1601.6,"endTime":1607.2,"body":"In the UK, for example, at the moment,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1601.6,"endTime":1607.2,"body":"Black women are over three times"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1607.2,"endTime":1612.8,"body":"more likely now, in 2024, to die in"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1607.2,"endTime":1612.8,"body":"pregnancy, twice as likely to experience"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1612.8,"endTime":1616.8,"body":"a stillbirth, more likely to experience"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1612.8,"endTime":1616.8,"body":"miscarriages, and it's interesting"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1616.8,"endTime":1622.8,"body":"that women who live in areas with high"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1616.8,"endTime":1622.8,"body":"levels of air pollution are also twice"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1622.8,"endTime":1625.2,"body":"as likely to experience a stillbirth."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1625.2,"endTime":1630.8,"body":"At the first level for policymakers"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1625.2,"endTime":1630.8,"body":"is how do we engage the community to"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1630.8,"endTime":1636.0,"body":"make them aware, and then equally then,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1630.8,"endTime":1636.0,"body":"women are looking at policy making."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1636.0,"endTime":1640.0,"body":"If the communities are aware,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1636.0,"endTime":1640.0,"body":"policymakers and the community can"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1640.0,"endTime":1645.2,"body":"now work together to look at, \"Okay,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1640.0,"endTime":1645.2,"body":"what are some of those solutions?\""},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1645.2,"endTime":1650.0,"body":"because even when we're talking about air"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1645.2,"endTime":1650.0,"body":"pollution, we're talking about outdoor"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1650.0,"endTime":1652.4,"body":"but there's also indoor air pollution."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1652.4,"endTime":1656.0,"body":"You know, there are so many"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 22","startTime":1652.4,"endTime":1656.0,"body":"other different factors."},{"speaker":"David 24","startTime":1656.0,"endTime":1656.8,"body":"35"},{"speaker":"David 24","startTime":1656.8,"endTime":1659.6,"body":"You've been incredibly"},{"speaker":"David 24","startTime":1656.8,"endTime":1659.6,"body":"generous with your time."},{"speaker":"David 24","startTime":1659.6,"endTime":1662.0,"body":"It's been such a fantastic conversation."},{"speaker":"David 24","startTime":1662.0,"endTime":1664.4,"body":"I don't want it to end."},{"speaker":"David 24","startTime":1664.4,"endTime":1669.2,"body":"What's next for Global Black Maternal"},{"speaker":"David 24","startTime":1664.4,"endTime":1669.2,"body":"Health and what's next for you?"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1669.2,"endTime":1670.4,"body":"45"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1670.4,"endTime":1675.2,"body":"The organization is evolving into Global"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1670.4,"endTime":1675.2,"body":"Child and Maternal Health, so we're"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1675.2,"endTime":1677.6,"body":"kind of expanding our reach, globally."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1677.6,"endTime":1682.0,"body":"Initially, Global Black Maternal Health"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1677.6,"endTime":1682.0,"body":"is a research organization that was"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1682.0,"endTime":1684.8,"body":"mostly focused on disparities in the West."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1684.8,"endTime":1690.4,"body":"But, as we're expanding our reach and"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1684.8,"endTime":1690.4,"body":"kind of moving into Africa and looking"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1690.4,"endTime":1695.6,"body":"at ambition for Australia and so forth,"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1690.4,"endTime":1695.6,"body":"Global Child and Maternal Health is"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1695.6,"endTime":1700.0,"body":"kind of looking at those disparities"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1695.6,"endTime":1700.0,"body":"for everyone in different ways."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1700.0,"endTime":1704.0,"body":"And, I think, really, you"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1700.0,"endTime":1704.0,"body":"need to watch this space."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1704.0,"endTime":1710.4,"body":"I mean, we've got a lot in store, we're"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1704.0,"endTime":1710.4,"body":"doing work around looking at the impact"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1710.4,"endTime":1716.4,"body":"of air quality on neurodiversity, so"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1710.4,"endTime":1716.4,"body":"there's a lot on the horizon and, with all"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1716.4,"endTime":1720.8,"body":"of your support, please keep downloading"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1716.4,"endTime":1720.8,"body":"the report, [pensive music] please"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1720.8,"endTime":1726.4,"body":"keep spreading the word in terms of the"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1720.8,"endTime":1726.4,"body":"work that we're doing, and hopefully"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1726.4,"endTime":1732.0,"body":"we are able to move some of these"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1726.4,"endTime":1732.0,"body":"kind of tangible research into action"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1732.0,"endTime":1734.4,"body":"because that's really the next stage."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1734.4,"endTime":1739.2,"body":"It's to not just produce reports"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1734.4,"endTime":1739.2,"body":"for reports' sake, but actually to"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1739.2,"endTime":1744.8,"body":"listen to the community and then get"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1739.2,"endTime":1744.8,"body":"on with the job of actually solving"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 24","startTime":1744.8,"endTime":1747.2,"body":"some of these really pressing issues."},{"speaker":"David 25","startTime":1747.2,"endTime":1748.0,"body":"45"},{"speaker":"David 25","startTime":1748.0,"endTime":1751.2,"body":"It's not just about"},{"speaker":"David 25","startTime":1748.0,"endTime":1751.2,"body":"reports; it's about action."},{"speaker":"David 25","startTime":1751.2,"endTime":1754.4,"body":"You've made a lot of"},{"speaker":"David 25","startTime":1751.2,"endTime":1754.4,"body":"change happen already."},{"speaker":"David 25","startTime":1754.4,"endTime":1759.6,"body":"Keep up the fantastic work and"},{"speaker":"David 25","startTime":1754.4,"endTime":1759.6,"body":"thank you so very much indeed for"},{"speaker":"David 25","startTime":1759.6,"endTime":1762.8,"body":"taking the time to be with us today."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 25","startTime":1762.8,"endTime":1764.0,"body":"55"},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 25","startTime":1764.0,"endTime":1765.6,"body":"Thank you so much."},{"speaker":"Agnes Agyepong 25","startTime":1765.6,"endTime":1767.2,"body":"[music continues then ends]"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1767.2,"endTime":1768.0,"body":"04"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1768.0,"endTime":1772.4,"body":"[light, driving music] This episode"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1768.0,"endTime":1772.4,"body":"of Cities 1.5 is produced by"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1772.4,"endTime":1776.8,"body":"University of Toronto Press with"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1772.4,"endTime":1776.8,"body":"generous support from the C40 Centre"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1776.8,"endTime":1779.2,"body":"for City Climate Policy and Economy."},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1779.2,"endTime":1783.2,"body":"Want more access to current"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1779.2,"endTime":1783.2,"body":"research on how city leaders"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1783.2,"endTime":1784.8,"body":"are taking climate action?"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1784.8,"endTime":1789.2,"body":"We also publish the Journal of"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1784.8,"endTime":1789.2,"body":"City Climate Policy and Economy."},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1789.2,"endTime":1793.2,"body":"Our mission is to publish timely,"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1789.2,"endTime":1793.2,"body":"evidence-based research that contributes"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1793.2,"endTime":1797.2,"body":"to the urban climate agenda and"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1793.2,"endTime":1797.2,"body":"supports governmental policy toward"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1797.2,"endTime":1799.2,"body":"an equitable and resilient world."},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1799.2,"endTime":1803.6,"body":"The Journal serves as a platform"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1799.2,"endTime":1803.6,"body":"for dynamic content that highlights"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1803.6,"endTime":1807.2,"body":"ambitious, near-term climate action,"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1803.6,"endTime":1807.2,"body":"focusing on human-centred solutions to"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1807.2,"endTime":1809.2,"body":"today's most pressing climate challenges."},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1809.2,"endTime":1812.8,"body":"To read the latest issue, visit"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1809.2,"endTime":1812.8,"body":"JCCPE.utpjournals.press or find"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1812.8,"endTime":1815.2,"body":"the link in the show notes."},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1815.2,"endTime":1819.2,"body":"[rotary dial telephone rings] [clicks]"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1815.2,"endTime":1819.2,"body":"[receiver chimes, replaced in cradle]"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1819.2,"endTime":1824.4,"body":"[light, gentle music] Dolly's priority"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1819.2,"endTime":1824.4,"body":"at C40 is to support cities in designing"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1824.4,"endTime":1828.0,"body":"healthier, inclusive, and resilient"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1824.4,"endTime":1828.0,"body":"societies across the transport, buildings"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1828.0,"endTime":1830.4,"body":"and energy, and waste management sectors."},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1830.4,"endTime":1835.2,"body":"Air is intrinsically tied to each"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1830.4,"endTime":1835.2,"body":"of these sectors, both because they"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1835.2,"endTime":1839.2,"body":"have substantial impacts on polluting"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1835.2,"endTime":1839.2,"body":"emissions and because air health"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1839.2,"endTime":1844.4,"body":"needs to be considered in every arena,"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1839.2,"endTime":1844.4,"body":"because having clean air to breathe"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1844.4,"endTime":1847.6,"body":"is a concern that affects all of us."},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1847.6,"endTime":1848.8,"body":"[music fades out]"},{"speaker":"David 26","startTime":1848.8,"endTime":1850.8,"body":"Dolly, welcome to Cities, 1.5."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1850.8,"endTime":1852.0,"body":"46"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1852.0,"endTime":1854.8,"body":"Thank you very much for having me."},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1854.8,"endTime":1855.6,"body":"48"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1855.6,"endTime":1861.2,"body":"Can you give the listeners a bit about"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1855.6,"endTime":1861.2,"body":"your background so we can understand"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1861.2,"endTime":1863.6,"body":"how you came on this journey?"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1863.6,"endTime":1864.8,"body":"52"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1864.8,"endTime":1869.6,"body":"So, I currently work in C40's Air"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1864.8,"endTime":1869.6,"body":"Quality Team which supports cities"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1869.6,"endTime":1872.0,"body":"through a broad range of programs."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1872.0,"endTime":1876.8,"body":"I specifically manage the Air Quality"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1872.0,"endTime":1876.8,"body":"Network, which is a global network"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1876.8,"endTime":1881.6,"body":"of 50 cities coming together to share"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1876.8,"endTime":1881.6,"body":"their challenges and their best-practice"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1881.6,"endTime":1885.2,"body":"solutions so they can collectively"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1881.6,"endTime":1885.2,"body":"improve international air quality."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1885.2,"endTime":1891.6,"body":"Prior to joining C40's Air Quality Team,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1885.2,"endTime":1891.6,"body":"I was also based at the Mayor of London's"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1891.6,"endTime":1896.8,"body":"office, but within the realms of my"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1891.6,"endTime":1896.8,"body":"current work, the broader air quality"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1896.8,"endTime":1901.6,"body":"program also offers technical assistance"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1896.8,"endTime":1901.6,"body":"at a global level and regional initiatives"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1901.6,"endTime":1903.2,"body":"across various African countries."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1903.2,"endTime":1908.8,"body":"The ultimate goal for our cities is to"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1903.2,"endTime":1908.8,"body":"rapidly reduce air pollution so they"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1908.8,"endTime":1913.6,"body":"can now improve the health, well-being,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1908.8,"endTime":1913.6,"body":"and social equity for their residents."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1913.6,"endTime":1918.8,"body":"I'm particularly interested in providing"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1913.6,"endTime":1918.8,"body":"cities with a space where they can build"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1918.8,"endTime":1922.8,"body":"long-lasting, trust relationships as"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1918.8,"endTime":1922.8,"body":"this creates an environment in which"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1922.8,"endTime":1925.6,"body":"they can be honest about their barriers."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1925.6,"endTime":1931.2,"body":"But, it also allows them to inspire"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1925.6,"endTime":1931.2,"body":"and motivate each other to try new"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1931.2,"endTime":1933.6,"body":"ideas and be much more ambitious."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1933.6,"endTime":1939.6,"body":"And, the cities I support are taking a"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1933.6,"endTime":1939.6,"body":"range of steps to improve air quality."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1939.6,"endTime":1943.6,"body":"They are, for example, monitoring"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1939.6,"endTime":1943.6,"body":"air pollution to identify the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1943.6,"endTime":1945.6,"body":"key sources in their city."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1945.6,"endTime":1949.6,"body":"They're also enabling the transition"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1945.6,"endTime":1949.6,"body":"to cleaner household fuels, introducing"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1949.6,"endTime":1954.0,"body":"vehicle emission standards, as well"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1949.6,"endTime":1954.0,"body":"as building safe and affordable public"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1954.0,"endTime":1956.8,"body":"transport networks and pedestrian-"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1954.0,"endTime":1956.8,"body":"and cycle-friendly networks."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1956.8,"endTime":1961.2,"body":"These are just a couple of"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1956.8,"endTime":1961.2,"body":"examples, but cities are doing"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1961.2,"endTime":1966.0,"body":"so much more to reduce pollution"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 27","startTime":1961.2,"endTime":1966.0,"body":"from a broader variety of sources."},{"speaker":"David 28","startTime":1966.0,"endTime":1966.8,"body":"01"},{"speaker":"David 28","startTime":1966.8,"endTime":1971.6,"body":"For the benefit of listeners who"},{"speaker":"David 28","startTime":1966.8,"endTime":1971.6,"body":"understand, of course, that air pollution"},{"speaker":"David 28","startTime":1971.6,"endTime":1976.0,"body":"is bad but don't necessarily understand"},{"speaker":"David 28","startTime":1971.6,"endTime":1976.0,"body":"the connection between air pollution,"},{"speaker":"David 28","startTime":1976.0,"endTime":1981.2,"body":"climate, and public health, could you"},{"speaker":"David 28","startTime":1976.0,"endTime":1981.2,"body":"speak about how fossil fuels, poor air"},{"speaker":"David 28","startTime":1981.2,"endTime":1986.8,"body":"quality, and public health are linked"},{"speaker":"David 28","startTime":1981.2,"endTime":1986.8,"body":"and why air quality is a climate issue?"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":1986.8,"endTime":1988.0,"body":"14"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":1988.0,"endTime":1992.0,"body":"Air pollution and climate change,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":1988.0,"endTime":1992.0,"body":"they share many common sources,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":1992.0,"endTime":1994.4,"body":"including the burning of fossil fuels."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":1994.4,"endTime":1998.4,"body":"Burning coal, for example, releases"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":1994.4,"endTime":1998.4,"body":"small particles that can burrow"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":1998.4,"endTime":2002.4,"body":"deep into people's bodies, which"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":1998.4,"endTime":2002.4,"body":"affect virtually every body system."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2002.4,"endTime":2005.2,"body":"Burning coal also contributes"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2002.4,"endTime":2005.2,"body":"to climate change."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2005.2,"endTime":2010.8,"body":"So, stopping coal use, for example, has"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2005.2,"endTime":2010.8,"body":"benefits for both air quality and climate,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2010.8,"endTime":2013.6,"body":"while also helping people to stay healthy."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2013.6,"endTime":2017.2,"body":"There are two pollutants in"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2013.6,"endTime":2017.2,"body":"particular—black carbon and ozone—which"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2017.2,"endTime":2022.0,"body":"aren't just air pollutants harming our"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2017.2,"endTime":2022.0,"body":"health, but they are also short-lived"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2022.0,"endTime":2026.0,"body":"climate pollutants, as they are"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2022.0,"endTime":2026.0,"body":"powerful climate forces that remain"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2026.0,"endTime":2031.2,"body":"in the atmosphere for a much shorter"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2026.0,"endTime":2031.2,"body":"period of time than carbon dioxide,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2031.2,"endTime":2036.4,"body":"and yet their potential to warm the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2031.2,"endTime":2036.4,"body":"atmosphere can be many times greater."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2036.4,"endTime":2040.4,"body":"So, burning wood, charcoal, and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2036.4,"endTime":2040.4,"body":"kerosene release black carbon, and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2040.4,"endTime":2044.8,"body":"one way these fuels are used are"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2040.4,"endTime":2044.8,"body":"within households that, unfortunately,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2044.8,"endTime":2047.2,"body":"cannot afford cleaner forms of energy."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2047.2,"endTime":2051.6,"body":"Ozone, however, is formed by interacting"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2047.2,"endTime":2051.6,"body":"with vehicle and industrial emissions,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2051.6,"endTime":2054.0,"body":"as well as sunlight and methane."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2054.0,"endTime":2058.0,"body":"Methane is another short-lived climate"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2054.0,"endTime":2058.0,"body":"pollutant and, together, these short-lived"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2058.0,"endTime":2062.8,"body":"climate pollutants are responsible for"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 28","startTime":2058.0,"endTime":2062.8,"body":"up to 45% of current global warming."},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2062.8,"endTime":2063.6,"body":"37"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2063.6,"endTime":2068.4,"body":"So there's a very direct connection"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2063.6,"endTime":2068.4,"body":"between the burning of fossil fuels"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2068.4,"endTime":2073.2,"body":"and wood and charcoal, and these"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2068.4,"endTime":2073.2,"body":"public health issues in climate change."},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2073.2,"endTime":2077.2,"body":"It's interesting you mentioned methane"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2073.2,"endTime":2077.2,"body":"because, of course, methane, the"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2077.2,"endTime":2079.6,"body":"fossil fuel industry calls natural gas."},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2079.6,"endTime":2084.4,"body":"But, it's really quite a serious"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2079.6,"endTime":2084.4,"body":"pollutant, from what you just said."},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2084.4,"endTime":2088.4,"body":"[light, driving music] From that"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2084.4,"endTime":2088.4,"body":"perspective of air quality and"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2088.4,"endTime":2092.8,"body":"emissions, is transitioning away from"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2088.4,"endTime":2092.8,"body":"fossil fuels important to improving air"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2092.8,"endTime":2094.8,"body":"quality and protecting public health?"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2094.8,"endTime":2098.8,"body":"How does transitioning from"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2094.8,"endTime":2098.8,"body":"fossil fuels to clean energy help?"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2098.8,"endTime":2100.0,"body":"09"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2100.0,"endTime":2102.8,"body":"Yes, I would say it's extremely important."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2102.8,"endTime":2107.2,"body":"We recognize that, for many residents"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2102.8,"endTime":2107.2,"body":"within cities, especially within the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2107.2,"endTime":2112.0,"body":"context of this global cost-of-living"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2107.2,"endTime":2112.0,"body":"crisis, they may not have the financial"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2112.0,"endTime":2116.8,"body":"resources or the capacity to transition"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2112.0,"endTime":2116.8,"body":"towards cleaner sources of energy, and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2116.8,"endTime":2122.4,"body":"when we think about cities' capacity"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2116.8,"endTime":2122.4,"body":"and what we would consider to be a"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2122.4,"endTime":2127.6,"body":"first step to taking action, air quality"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2122.4,"endTime":2127.6,"body":"monitoring is an incredibly useful tool"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2127.6,"endTime":2131.6,"body":"for simply establishing the baseline"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2127.6,"endTime":2131.6,"body":"pollution levels and identifying where"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2131.6,"endTime":2134.4,"body":"air pollution is highest in the city."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2134.4,"endTime":2140.0,"body":"The data can then be used for informing"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2134.4,"endTime":2140.0,"body":"how and where cities target, design,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2140.0,"endTime":2144.8,"body":"implement, and evaluate their air quality"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2140.0,"endTime":2144.8,"body":"and their climate policies, but also"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2144.8,"endTime":2150.4,"body":"framing their policies as a health issue,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2144.8,"endTime":2150.4,"body":"so really making climate a health issue."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2150.4,"endTime":2155.2,"body":"From a health inequity or social justice"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2150.4,"endTime":2155.2,"body":"perspective, air quality monitoring can"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2155.2,"endTime":2160.0,"body":"also help cities to measure pollution"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2155.2,"endTime":2160.0,"body":"levels and impacts on marginalized and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2160.0,"endTime":2163.6,"body":"clinically vulnerable communities, and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2160.0,"endTime":2163.6,"body":"these communities are typically women,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2163.6,"endTime":2166.8,"body":"children, Indigenous communities,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2163.6,"endTime":2166.8,"body":"low-income groups, and informal workers,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2166.8,"endTime":2171.6,"body":"so it's important to prioritize health"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2166.8,"endTime":2171.6,"body":"assessments in the areas where these"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2171.6,"endTime":2173.6,"body":"communities live, work, and play."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2173.6,"endTime":2174.8,"body":"[music fades out]"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2174.8,"endTime":2179.2,"body":"As you know, they are disproportionately"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2174.8,"endTime":2179.2,"body":"exposed to air pollution, most"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2179.2,"endTime":2184.4,"body":"impacted by climate breakdown, and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2179.2,"endTime":2184.4,"body":"in some cases may also be very much"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2184.4,"endTime":2188.4,"body":"economically impacted by the transition"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2184.4,"endTime":2188.4,"body":"to cleaner sources of energy."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2188.4,"endTime":2193.6,"body":"And, those three challenges that I"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2188.4,"endTime":2193.6,"body":"just described, this is due to deep"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2193.6,"endTime":2195.2,"body":"historic and systemic inequities."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2195.2,"endTime":2200.0,"body":"So, for example, in my hometown, London,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2195.2,"endTime":2200.0,"body":"the city's most-deprived residents are"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2200.0,"endTime":2204.8,"body":"living in neighbourhoods with an annual"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2200.0,"endTime":2204.8,"body":"average PM2.5 concentration that is 6%"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2204.8,"endTime":2206.8,"body":"higher than the least-deprived areas."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2206.8,"endTime":2210.8,"body":"Further research on air pollution"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2206.8,"endTime":2210.8,"body":"exposure shows that Black communities,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2210.8,"endTime":2214.8,"body":"diaspora immigrant communities are"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2210.8,"endTime":2214.8,"body":"the worst affected by air pollution."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2214.8,"endTime":2218.8,"body":"However, this gap is thankfully"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2214.8,"endTime":2218.8,"body":"closing due to measures implemented"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2218.8,"endTime":2223.2,"body":"to improve air quality, such"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 32","startTime":2218.8,"endTime":2223.2,"body":"as the Ultra Low Emission Zone."},{"speaker":"David 34","startTime":2223.2,"endTime":2224.0,"body":"20"},{"speaker":"David 34","startTime":2224.0,"endTime":2230.0,"body":"Could you just explain in lay terms"},{"speaker":"David 34","startTime":2224.0,"endTime":2230.0,"body":"what PM2.5 actually is and the kind of"},{"speaker":"David 34","startTime":2230.0,"endTime":2234.4,"body":"detrimental health impacts breathing"},{"speaker":"David 34","startTime":2230.0,"endTime":2234.4,"body":"PM2.5 particles can cause or make worse?"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2234.4,"endTime":2235.6,"body":"34"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2235.6,"endTime":2240.0,"body":"The pollutant particulate matter"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2235.6,"endTime":2240.0,"body":"PM2.5 is known to be the most"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2240.0,"endTime":2242.0,"body":"harmful pollutant to human health."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2242.0,"endTime":2247.2,"body":"So, the 2.5 simply represents the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2242.0,"endTime":2247.2,"body":"size of the pollutant, which is very"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2247.2,"endTime":2252.4,"body":"important to share as the small size"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2247.2,"endTime":2252.4,"body":"means that the pollutant is capable"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2252.4,"endTime":2257.6,"body":"of penetrating deep into the lungs and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2252.4,"endTime":2257.6,"body":"entering our bloodstreams, and this causes"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2257.6,"endTime":2260.0,"body":"cardiovascular, cerebrovascular—which"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2257.6,"endTime":2260.0,"body":"is linked to strokes—and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2260.0,"endTime":2262.0,"body":"respiratory impacts such as asthma."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2262.0,"endTime":2265.6,"body":"There is also emerging evidence"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2262.0,"endTime":2265.6,"body":"that particulate matter also"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2265.6,"endTime":2269.6,"body":"impacts the brain, which can cause"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2265.6,"endTime":2269.6,"body":"neurological and psychological damage."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2269.6,"endTime":2273.2,"body":"So, the consequences of"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 34","startTime":2269.6,"endTime":2273.2,"body":"inhaling PM2.5 are truly severe."},{"speaker":"David 35","startTime":2273.2,"endTime":2274.0,"body":"20"},{"speaker":"David 35","startTime":2274.0,"endTime":2279.6,"body":"Essentially, nowhere in the world has air"},{"speaker":"David 35","startTime":2274.0,"endTime":2279.6,"body":"pollution levels below the level set by"},{"speaker":"David 35","startTime":2279.6,"endTime":2282.0,"body":"the World Health Organization as safe."},{"speaker":"David 35","startTime":2282.0,"endTime":2285.2,"body":"I find that to be an incredible statistic."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2285.2,"endTime":2286.4,"body":"36"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2286.4,"endTime":2286.8,"body":"Mm."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2286.8,"endTime":2292.0,"body":"It just captures the scale of the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2286.8,"endTime":2292.0,"body":"challenge and that, for many cities,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2292.0,"endTime":2297.6,"body":"even if they used all of their resources"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2292.0,"endTime":2297.6,"body":"to rapidly reduce air pollution within"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2297.6,"endTime":2302.8,"body":"their cities, so really thinking about"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2297.6,"endTime":2302.8,"body":"the sources that cities can control such"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2302.8,"endTime":2307.2,"body":"as the transport sector, the building"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2302.8,"endTime":2307.2,"body":"sector, waste and agricultural sectors,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2307.2,"endTime":2312.4,"body":"so many cities are also finding it really"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2307.2,"endTime":2312.4,"body":"challenging to reduce air pollution"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2312.4,"endTime":2317.2,"body":"from transboundary sources, and this"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2312.4,"endTime":2317.2,"body":"is why organizations like C40 are a"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2317.2,"endTime":2321.6,"body":"really great opportunity to support"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2317.2,"endTime":2321.6,"body":"cities, not just collaborate with each"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2321.6,"endTime":2325.6,"body":"other, city-to-city, but also working"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2321.6,"endTime":2325.6,"body":"and engaging vertically, so engaging"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2325.6,"endTime":2329.6,"body":"with their regional counterparts, their"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2325.6,"endTime":2329.6,"body":"state, and their federal counterparts,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2329.6,"endTime":2334.0,"body":"so they're now collaborating with"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2329.6,"endTime":2334.0,"body":"each other to really tackle air"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2334.0,"endTime":2336.0,"body":"pollution within that broader region."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2336.0,"endTime":2341.2,"body":"For the World Health Organization, they've"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2336.0,"endTime":2341.2,"body":"done a fantastic job in setting these"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2341.2,"endTime":2345.2,"body":"really clear health-based guidelines"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2341.2,"endTime":2345.2,"body":"to support countries around the world"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2345.2,"endTime":2349.6,"body":"to understand what they consider"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2345.2,"endTime":2349.6,"body":"to be relatively safe air pollution"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2349.6,"endTime":2354.8,"body":"concentration levels, and at the heart"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2349.6,"endTime":2354.8,"body":"of air quality and climate action is"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2354.8,"endTime":2356.8,"body":"health – social and economic justice."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2356.8,"endTime":2361.6,"body":"So, I'm currently working with a few"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2356.8,"endTime":2361.6,"body":"cities to specifically address the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2361.6,"endTime":2366.8,"body":"health and equities of air pollution"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2361.6,"endTime":2366.8,"body":"to make sure that the residents that"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2366.8,"endTime":2371.6,"body":"are most affected by air pollution,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2366.8,"endTime":2371.6,"body":"which, as I mentioned, are marginalized"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2371.6,"endTime":2376.0,"body":"in clinically vulnerable residents,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2371.6,"endTime":2376.0,"body":"that they are prioritized in the design"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2376.0,"endTime":2378.4,"body":"of clean air and climate solutions."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2378.4,"endTime":2383.6,"body":"And, this approach is a step towards"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2378.4,"endTime":2383.6,"body":"ensuring equitable outcomes, so it is"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2383.6,"endTime":2389.2,"body":"really essential to remember that clean"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2383.6,"endTime":2389.2,"body":"air is a human right, defined by the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2389.2,"endTime":2394.8,"body":"UN as these same residents have seen"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2389.2,"endTime":2394.8,"body":"their human rights violated in the past."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2394.8,"endTime":2399.2,"body":"So, let's not allow toxic air to"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2394.8,"endTime":2399.2,"body":"compound these existing inequities."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2399.2,"endTime":2403.6,"body":"Reducing the health inequities associated"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2399.2,"endTime":2403.6,"body":"with air pollution can be achieved"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2403.6,"endTime":2408.0,"body":"through policy design, but first,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2403.6,"endTime":2408.0,"body":"cities should identify what are the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2408.0,"endTime":2411.2,"body":"environmental, social, and economic"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2408.0,"endTime":2411.2,"body":"factors that influence localized"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2411.2,"endTime":2415.6,"body":"exposure and vulnerability to air"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2411.2,"endTime":2415.6,"body":"pollution, and then take an integrated"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2415.6,"endTime":2417.6,"body":"approach to addressing these factors."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2417.6,"endTime":2422.8,"body":"However, the data that is needed to"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2417.6,"endTime":2422.8,"body":"develop an integrated approach is often"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2422.8,"endTime":2427.2,"body":"collected and held by multiple city,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2422.8,"endTime":2427.2,"body":"regional and national agencies and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2427.2,"endTime":2430.8,"body":"this is why inter-agency or regional"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2427.2,"endTime":2430.8,"body":"collaboration and multidisciplinary"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 35","startTime":2430.8,"endTime":2433.2,"body":"teams are extremely important to build."},{"speaker":"David 38","startTime":2433.2,"endTime":2434.0,"body":"07"},{"speaker":"David 38","startTime":2434.0,"endTime":2437.6,"body":"[light, gentle music] Any"},{"speaker":"David 38","startTime":2434.0,"endTime":2437.6,"body":"examples of leading city action"},{"speaker":"David 38","startTime":2437.6,"endTime":2439.2,"body":"that particularly inspire you?"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2439.2,"endTime":2440.4,"body":"13"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2440.4,"endTime":2445.6,"body":"So, there are some really great examples"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2440.4,"endTime":2445.6,"body":"of how cities are incorporating community"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2445.6,"endTime":2449.2,"body":"participation, building that into the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2445.6,"endTime":2449.2,"body":"design, implementation, and evaluation"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2449.2,"endTime":2452.0,"body":"of their clean air and climate policies."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2452.0,"endTime":2456.8,"body":"One truly great example of that is"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2452.0,"endTime":2456.8,"body":"Bogotá, where they considered community"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2456.8,"endTime":2461.2,"body":"participation in that process of their"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2456.8,"endTime":2461.2,"body":"recently launched clean air zone,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2461.2,"endTime":2465.6,"body":"better known as the ZUMA, but also"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2461.2,"endTime":2465.6,"body":"really prioritized specific low-income"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2465.6,"endTime":2472.0,"body":"districts for the location of their first"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2465.6,"endTime":2472.0,"body":"ZUMA so, in the long term, the city is"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2472.0,"endTime":2474.4,"body":"hoping to implement several of these."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2474.4,"endTime":2478.0,"body":"And, the way they did"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2474.4,"endTime":2478.0,"body":"this wasn't by accident."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2478.0,"endTime":2479.6,"body":"It was by design."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2479.6,"endTime":2484.0,"body":"They were firstly fully aware of"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2479.6,"endTime":2484.0,"body":"these existing silos and institutional"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2484.0,"endTime":2488.8,"body":"barriers within the city, and they"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2484.0,"endTime":2488.8,"body":"broke them down by bringing together"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2488.8,"endTime":2493.2,"body":"professionals across air quality, health,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2488.8,"endTime":2493.2,"body":"and mobility, but also key stakeholders"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2493.2,"endTime":2494.8,"body":"such as academic institutions."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2494.8,"endTime":2499.2,"body":"[music fades out] So, together, they"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2494.8,"endTime":2499.2,"body":"developed this shared vision which"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2499.2,"endTime":2503.6,"body":"allowed them to provide critical data"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2499.2,"endTime":2503.6,"body":"inputs, engage with communities and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2503.6,"endTime":2508.0,"body":"implement the ZUMA so it can primarily"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2503.6,"endTime":2508.0,"body":"benefit the low-income residents."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2508.0,"endTime":2512.0,"body":"And, as a result of that"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2508.0,"endTime":2512.0,"body":"collaboration, they developed a"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2512.0,"endTime":2513.6,"body":"new socioeconomic equity index."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2513.6,"endTime":2517.2,"body":"And so, it is their"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2513.6,"endTime":2517.2,"body":"flagship air quality policy."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2517.2,"endTime":2522.4,"body":"The socioeconomic equity index included"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2517.2,"endTime":2522.4,"body":"a few metrics which I think would be"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2522.4,"endTime":2525.2,"body":"really exciting for other cities to learn."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2525.2,"endTime":2528.8,"body":"They included citywide population"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2525.2,"endTime":2528.8,"body":"density, the density of marginalized"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2528.8,"endTime":2532.8,"body":"residents, loss of life associated"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2528.8,"endTime":2532.8,"body":"with air pollution, per capita"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2532.8,"endTime":2536.8,"body":"income, land and house value, the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2532.8,"endTime":2536.8,"body":"facilities where clinically vulnerable"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2536.8,"endTime":2540.4,"body":"residents are/reside, such as"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2536.8,"endTime":2540.4,"body":"schools, nursing homes, and hospitals."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2540.4,"endTime":2545.6,"body":"And then, they overlaid this analysis"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2540.4,"endTime":2545.6,"body":"with a map of their existing and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2545.6,"endTime":2550.0,"body":"planned mobility programs, and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2545.6,"endTime":2550.0,"body":"then that went on to identify these"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 38","startTime":2550.0,"endTime":2552.4,"body":"key priority areas for their ZUMA."},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2552.4,"endTime":2553.2,"body":"13"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2553.2,"endTime":2556.8,"body":"You've spoken to some examples"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2553.2,"endTime":2556.8,"body":"of individual and collective"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2556.8,"endTime":2558.8,"body":"city action that inspire you."},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2558.8,"endTime":2564.0,"body":"One question I have is, are there"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2558.8,"endTime":2564.0,"body":"lessons that C40's Air Quality Network"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2564.0,"endTime":2569.2,"body":"that you lead, has seen from best"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2564.0,"endTime":2569.2,"body":"practices about how to talk about"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2569.2,"endTime":2571.6,"body":"these issues with residents of cities?"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2571.6,"endTime":2572.8,"body":"35"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2572.8,"endTime":2573.2,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2573.2,"endTime":2577.6,"body":"One lesson that has been highlighted"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2573.2,"endTime":2577.6,"body":"recently is the importance of"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2577.6,"endTime":2581.2,"body":"communicating the challenges of air"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2577.6,"endTime":2581.2,"body":"pollution, reducing emissions, but"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2581.2,"endTime":2586.4,"body":"still finding a way of communicating"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2581.2,"endTime":2586.4,"body":"a positive vision and solutions to the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2586.4,"endTime":2590.8,"body":"twin crises of pollution and climate"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2586.4,"endTime":2590.8,"body":"change as this gives people—especially"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2590.8,"endTime":2594.0,"body":"the younger generation—hope,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2590.8,"endTime":2594.0,"body":"which they very much need."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2594.0,"endTime":2598.0,"body":"We're also seeing really great work"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2594.0,"endTime":2598.0,"body":"happening within non-profit organizations,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2598.0,"endTime":2603.6,"body":"but also private sector corporations,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2598.0,"endTime":2603.6,"body":"and I think we can do so much more"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2603.6,"endTime":2608.4,"body":"to make sure that these solutions or"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2603.6,"endTime":2608.4,"body":"innovative work receive media attention"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2608.4,"endTime":2614.0,"body":"as this will help us all gain broader"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2608.4,"endTime":2614.0,"body":"support from the public and politicians."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2614.0,"endTime":2619.2,"body":"And, what we're seeing when cities talk"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2614.0,"endTime":2619.2,"body":"about communicating a positive vision is"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2619.2,"endTime":2624.0,"body":"their interest in also working directly"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2619.2,"endTime":2624.0,"body":"with the broader health community, such"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2624.0,"endTime":2628.8,"body":"as medical practitioners and their public"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2624.0,"endTime":2628.8,"body":"health agencies, and they're doing this"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2628.8,"endTime":2633.6,"body":"to find creative ways of communicating"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2628.8,"endTime":2633.6,"body":"air quality and the associated public"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2633.6,"endTime":2637.6,"body":"health risks, but they're partnering"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2633.6,"endTime":2637.6,"body":"with the broader health community"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2637.6,"endTime":2642.8,"body":"to also educate the health community"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2637.6,"endTime":2642.8,"body":"and use that as an opportunity to"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2642.8,"endTime":2647.2,"body":"inform clinical practice and provide"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 40","startTime":2642.8,"endTime":2647.2,"body":"a better service to their patients."},{"speaker":"David 42","startTime":2647.2,"endTime":2648.0,"body":"01"},{"speaker":"David 42","startTime":2648.0,"endTime":2654.4,"body":"This issue is a global issue of public"},{"speaker":"David 42","startTime":2648.0,"endTime":2654.4,"body":"health, and the poor air quality that is"},{"speaker":"David 42","startTime":2654.4,"endTime":2660.0,"body":"either caused or made much worse by the"},{"speaker":"David 42","startTime":2654.4,"endTime":2660.0,"body":"same pollutants that cause climate change,"},{"speaker":"David 42","startTime":2660.0,"endTime":2662.8,"body":"that is, the burning of fossil fuels."},{"speaker":"David 42","startTime":2662.8,"endTime":2667.2,"body":"What's the biggest thing you've"},{"speaker":"David 42","startTime":2662.8,"endTime":2667.2,"body":"learned through your work that cities"},{"speaker":"David 42","startTime":2667.2,"endTime":2672.0,"body":"and mayors can do to improve air"},{"speaker":"David 42","startTime":2667.2,"endTime":2672.0,"body":"quality and therefore public health?"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2672.0,"endTime":2673.2,"body":"23"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2673.2,"endTime":2678.8,"body":"I would say that C40's relationship"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2673.2,"endTime":2678.8,"body":"and the work that I do, managing the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2678.8,"endTime":2683.2,"body":"Air Quality Network with cities, has"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2678.8,"endTime":2683.2,"body":"provided a really great opportunity"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2683.2,"endTime":2687.6,"body":"to tackle the major sources of"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2683.2,"endTime":2687.6,"body":"air pollution to deliver climate,"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2687.6,"endTime":2689.6,"body":"health, and social equity benefits."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2689.6,"endTime":2695.2,"body":"The work that we do within the border"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2689.6,"endTime":2695.2,"body":"Air Quality Program has been to"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2695.2,"endTime":2700.0,"body":"directly support cities to manage the"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2695.2,"endTime":2700.0,"body":"sources that are within their control."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2700.0,"endTime":2706.4,"body":"But also, framing has been a real lesson"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2700.0,"endTime":2706.4,"body":"learned in the past couple of years, for"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2706.4,"endTime":2711.6,"body":"example, in Phoenix, Arizona, they've been"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2706.4,"endTime":2711.6,"body":"thinking about how to frame air quality"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2711.6,"endTime":2714.0,"body":"within the context of extreme heat."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2714.0,"endTime":2719.6,"body":"So, for Phoenix clean air, heat, and"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2714.0,"endTime":2719.6,"body":"social equity are the city's main holistic"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2719.6,"endTime":2724.0,"body":"priorities, but this is actually tied"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2719.6,"endTime":2724.0,"body":"to resilience and economic development."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2724.0,"endTime":2729.6,"body":"I think that type of framing is something"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2724.0,"endTime":2729.6,"body":"that cities are really interested to"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2729.6,"endTime":2734.4,"body":"learn as we continue to face and tackle"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2729.6,"endTime":2734.4,"body":"misinformation and the manipulation"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2734.4,"endTime":2736.8,"body":"of air quality and climate evidence."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2736.8,"endTime":2741.2,"body":"[pensive music] So, because it is often"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2736.8,"endTime":2741.2,"body":"politicized, framing the challenges"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2741.2,"endTime":2746.8,"body":"that we face as a resiliency solution"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2741.2,"endTime":2746.8,"body":"can be one way of securing broader"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 42","startTime":2746.8,"endTime":2748.8,"body":"political support for many cities."},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2748.8,"endTime":2749.6,"body":"45"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2749.6,"endTime":2755.2,"body":"You know, what I take from our"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2749.6,"endTime":2755.2,"body":"conversation today is that this is a"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2755.2,"endTime":2761.2,"body":"really serious public health issue and"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2755.2,"endTime":2761.2,"body":"the good news is, if we address the public"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2761.2,"endTime":2766.4,"body":"health issues, cities in the world, at"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2761.2,"endTime":2766.4,"body":"least, can also address climate change,"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2766.4,"endTime":2772.0,"body":"so doing the right thing has multiple"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2766.4,"endTime":2772.0,"body":"benefits and the right thing is made"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2772.0,"endTime":2777.2,"body":"possible by the Air Quality Network"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2772.0,"endTime":2777.2,"body":"that you lead, Dolly, so thanks very"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2777.2,"endTime":2782.8,"body":"much for your ongoing work helping the"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2777.2,"endTime":2782.8,"body":"great cities of the world address these"},{"speaker":"David 43","startTime":2782.8,"endTime":2784.8,"body":"very difficult but critical challenges."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 44","startTime":2784.8,"endTime":2786.0,"body":"16"},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 44","startTime":2786.0,"endTime":2787.2,"body":"Thank you, David."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 44","startTime":2787.2,"endTime":2790.4,"body":"It was really great talking to you today."},{"speaker":"Dolly Oladini 44","startTime":2790.4,"endTime":2792.0,"body":"[music continues then ends]"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2792.0,"endTime":2792.8,"body":"26"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2792.8,"endTime":2797.6,"body":"[upbeat, energetic music] Not only"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2792.8,"endTime":2797.6,"body":"is clean air a human right, it's"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2797.6,"endTime":2799.2,"body":"something that affects everyone."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2799.2,"endTime":2804.4,"body":"We all breathe air the same way,"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2799.2,"endTime":2804.4,"body":"but the reality is that poor"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2804.4,"endTime":2808.0,"body":"air quality has a significantly"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2804.4,"endTime":2808.0,"body":"greater impact on populations"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2808.0,"endTime":2810.8,"body":"that already experience structural"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2808.0,"endTime":2810.8,"body":"vulnerabilities and inequalities."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2810.8,"endTime":2816.0,"body":"The voices of the communities who make"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2810.8,"endTime":2816.0,"body":"the least contributions but bear the"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2816.0,"endTime":2818.8,"body":"greatest burden need to be listened to."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2818.8,"endTime":2823.2,"body":"Cities should reach out to, support,"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2818.8,"endTime":2823.2,"body":"and platform organizations like Global"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2823.2,"endTime":2828.4,"body":"Black Maternal Health who are placing"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2823.2,"endTime":2828.4,"body":"information and agency into the hands of"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2828.4,"endTime":2833.2,"body":"those facing the health impacts caused"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2828.4,"endTime":2833.2,"body":"by air pollution and climate change."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2833.2,"endTime":2837.6,"body":"Their future depends on decisive and"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2833.2,"endTime":2837.6,"body":"critical actions from cities, and"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2837.6,"endTime":2840.0,"body":"it's action that must happen now."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2840.0,"endTime":2841.6,"body":"[music continues then ends]"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2841.6,"endTime":2847.2,"body":"[Cities 1.5 main theme music plays]"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2841.6,"endTime":2847.2,"body":"On the next episode of Cities 1.5, we"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2847.2,"endTime":2851.2,"body":"have a fascinating conversation about"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2847.2,"endTime":2851.2,"body":"climate disinformation and how it"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2851.2,"endTime":2854.4,"body":"threatens climate action—and potentially"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2851.2,"endTime":2854.4,"body":"democracy itself—with Jennie King,"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2854.4,"endTime":2859.2,"body":"the Director of Climate Research and"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2854.4,"endTime":2859.2,"body":"Policy at the Institute for Strategic"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2859.2,"endTime":2863.2,"body":"Dialogue and Co-Founder of the Climate"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2859.2,"endTime":2863.2,"body":"Action Against Disinformation Coalition."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2863.2,"endTime":2868.4,"body":"We will also hear from C40's Director"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2863.2,"endTime":2868.4,"body":"of Urban Planning and Design, Hélène"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2868.4,"endTime":2873.2,"body":"Chartier, who speaks to the concept"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2868.4,"endTime":2873.2,"body":"of the 15-minute city, an urban"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2873.2,"endTime":2877.6,"body":"planning policy that allows everyone"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2873.2,"endTime":2877.6,"body":"in every neighbourhood to meet most"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2877.6,"endTime":2883.2,"body":"of their daily needs within a short"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2877.6,"endTime":2883.2,"body":"walk or bike ride from their home."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2883.2,"endTime":2888.8,"body":"This policy has been adopted by many"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2883.2,"endTime":2888.8,"body":"mayors and cities, but has also been"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2888.8,"endTime":2892.0,"body":"the target of climate conspiracists"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2888.8,"endTime":2892.0,"body":"and disinformation attacks."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2892.0,"endTime":2894.4,"body":"You won't want to miss it."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2894.4,"endTime":2898.4,"body":"[music continues] This has been"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2894.4,"endTime":2898.4,"body":"Cities 1.5, leading global change"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2898.4,"endTime":2900.0,"body":"through local climate action."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2900.0,"endTime":2901.2,"body":"I'm David Miller."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2901.2,"endTime":2906.8,"body":"I was the Mayor of Toronto, Canada,"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2901.2,"endTime":2906.8,"body":"and I know, firsthand, the role cities"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2906.8,"endTime":2909.6,"body":"can play in solving the climate crisis."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2909.6,"endTime":2915.2,"body":"I'm the Editor in Chief of the Journal"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2909.6,"endTime":2915.2,"body":"of City Climate Policy and Economy,"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2915.2,"endTime":2920.4,"body":"published by the University of Toronto"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2915.2,"endTime":2920.4,"body":"Press in collaboration with the C40 Centre"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2920.4,"endTime":2925.2,"body":"for City Climate Policy and Economy,"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2920.4,"endTime":2925.2,"body":"where I'm also the Managing Director."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2925.2,"endTime":2930.4,"body":"C40's mission is to help our member"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2925.2,"endTime":2930.4,"body":"cities halve their emissions within a"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2930.4,"endTime":2934.4,"body":"decade, while improving equity, building"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2930.4,"endTime":2934.4,"body":"resilience, and creating the conditions"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2934.4,"endTime":2936.4,"body":"for everyone, everywhere to thrive."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2936.4,"endTime":2941.2,"body":"[music continues] Cities 1.5 is produced"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2936.4,"endTime":2941.2,"body":"by University of Toronto Press in"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2941.2,"endTime":2946.4,"body":"association with the Journal of City"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2941.2,"endTime":2946.4,"body":"Climate Policy and Economy and C40 Cities."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2946.4,"endTime":2950.8,"body":"This podcast is produced by Jessica"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2946.4,"endTime":2950.8,"body":"Schmidt, and our executive producers"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2950.8,"endTime":2953.2,"body":"are Peggy Whitfield and Dali Carmichael."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2953.2,"endTime":2955.6,"body":"Our music is by Lorna Gilfedder."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2955.6,"endTime":2960.8,"body":"The fight for an equitable and resilient"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2955.6,"endTime":2960.8,"body":"world is closer than you think."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2960.8,"endTime":2965.6,"body":"To learn more, visit the show's"},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2960.8,"endTime":2965.6,"body":"website, linked in the episode notes."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2965.6,"endTime":2967.2,"body":"See you next time."},{"speaker":"David 44","startTime":2967.2,"endTime":2969.6,"body":"[main theme music continues then ends]"}]}