{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":0.0,"endTime":0.8,"body":"00"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":0.8,"endTime":5.2,"body":"[Cities 1.5 main theme music] I'm"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":0.8,"endTime":5.2,"body":"David Miller, and you're listening"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":5.2,"endTime":9.6,"body":"to Cities 1.5, a podcast about"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":5.2,"endTime":9.6,"body":"how climate leaders are driving"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":9.6,"endTime":11.6,"body":"global change through local action."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":11.6,"endTime":12.4,"body":"[music ends]"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":12.4,"endTime":18.4,"body":"[urgent music] Last week on Cities 1.5,"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":12.4,"endTime":18.4,"body":"we took you into the Arctic region through"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":18.4,"endTime":22.8,"body":"the perspectives of a world-renowned"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":18.4,"endTime":22.8,"body":"scientist and a seasoned canoe guide."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":22.8,"endTime":29.2,"body":"I hope you got a sense of the fragile"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":22.8,"endTime":29.2,"body":"beauty of the north that is apparent"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":29.2,"endTime":31.6,"body":"to anyone who spends time there."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":31.6,"endTime":36.8,"body":"This episode, we're staying in that"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":31.6,"endTime":36.8,"body":"region, but this time we're speaking to"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":36.8,"endTime":41.6,"body":"an expert who hails from the Circumpolar"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":36.8,"endTime":41.6,"body":"North about the connections between"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":41.6,"endTime":43.6,"body":"climate change and human rights."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":43.6,"endTime":47.6,"body":"Indigenous communities have been calling"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":43.6,"endTime":47.6,"body":"attention to warming temperatures in"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":47.6,"endTime":52.8,"body":"the Arctic and the resulting impacts"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":47.6,"endTime":52.8,"body":"on their ways of life for decades."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":52.8,"endTime":56.4,"body":"Spanning from contemporary Finland,"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":52.8,"endTime":56.4,"body":"Sweden, Norway, Russia, Greenland, to"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":56.4,"endTime":61.2,"body":"the United States and Canada, Indigenous"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":56.4,"endTime":61.2,"body":"peoples have called the Arctic home"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":61.2,"endTime":66.0,"body":"for far longer than concepts of states"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":61.2,"endTime":66.0,"body":"and national borders have existed."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":66.0,"endTime":70.4,"body":"For thousands of years, they've"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":66.0,"endTime":70.4,"body":"relied on the ice to inform"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":70.4,"endTime":72.8,"body":"and sustain their ways of life."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":72.8,"endTime":77.2,"body":"Ice routes that allow communities to"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":72.8,"endTime":77.2,"body":"travel safely and facilitate their"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":77.2,"endTime":82.4,"body":"hunting and gathering of country food,"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":77.2,"endTime":82.4,"body":"and which only come into existence in"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":82.4,"endTime":85.2,"body":"the Arctic winter, are now at risk."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":85.2,"endTime":90.4,"body":"The destruction of ancient ways"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":85.2,"endTime":90.4,"body":"of life is leading to the loss of"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":90.4,"endTime":95.6,"body":"languages and customs reliant on the"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":90.4,"endTime":95.6,"body":"cold, meaning there's so much more at"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":95.6,"endTime":98.4,"body":"stake in the north than melting ice."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":98.4,"endTime":103.2,"body":"Indigenous peoples across the Arctic"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":98.4,"endTime":103.2,"body":"have lives that depend on that ice"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":103.2,"endTime":108.8,"body":"and depend on the rest of the world"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":103.2,"endTime":108.8,"body":"to transition away from fossil fuels"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":108.8,"endTime":111.6,"body":"to help preserve their way of life."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":111.6,"endTime":116.0,"body":"These communities, that need to practice"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":111.6,"endTime":116.0,"body":"their culture and preserve their"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":116.0,"endTime":120.8,"body":"heritage, deserve as much attention"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":116.0,"endTime":120.8,"body":"and energy as the concerns over rising"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":120.8,"endTime":122.8,"body":"global temperatures and sea levels."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":122.8,"endTime":124.0,"body":"[music fades out]"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":124.0,"endTime":128.4,"body":"[energetic, upbeat music] The climate"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":124.0,"endTime":128.4,"body":"crisis has already begun to negatively"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":128.4,"endTime":134.0,"body":"impact the communities of the Arctic,"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":128.4,"endTime":134.0,"body":"but part of ensuring that all voices are"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":134.0,"endTime":137.2,"body":"heard means that especially-vulnerable"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":134.0,"endTime":137.2,"body":"demographics must be equitably"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":137.2,"endTime":139.2,"body":"represented at the decision table."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":139.2,"endTime":142.8,"body":"My guest today knows from"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":139.2,"endTime":142.8,"body":"personal experience that even"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":142.8,"endTime":145.2,"body":"though it shouldn't be this way."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":145.2,"endTime":150.8,"body":"Sometimes, you need to shout to be"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":145.2,"endTime":150.8,"body":"heard, but through her lifetime of work"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":150.8,"endTime":156.4,"body":"advocating for the people in the land"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":150.8,"endTime":156.4,"body":"of the Arctic, she has certainly made"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":156.4,"endTime":161.6,"body":"a difference in helping the world to"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":156.4,"endTime":161.6,"body":"understand the costs that are already"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":161.6,"endTime":168.4,"body":"being paid by the north, costs that the"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":161.6,"endTime":168.4,"body":"north is being forced to pay, but the rest"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":168.4,"endTime":171.6,"body":"of the world has incurred on their behalf."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":171.6,"endTime":176.8,"body":"But she can tell you about herself"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":171.6,"endTime":176.8,"body":"better than I can [chuckles lightly]"},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":176.8,"endTime":179.2,"body":"or should, so let's get going."},{"speaker":"David 00","startTime":179.2,"endTime":180.0,"body":"[music ends]"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 02","startTime":180.0,"endTime":181.2,"body":"57"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 02","startTime":181.2,"endTime":184.4,"body":"[rotary dial telephone rings]"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 02","startTime":181.2,"endTime":184.4,"body":"[clicks] Sheila Watt-Cloutier here."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 02","startTime":184.4,"endTime":187.2,"body":"I am an independent speaker and author."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 02","startTime":187.2,"endTime":192.0,"body":"I call myself an advocate for environment"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 02","startTime":187.2,"endTime":192.0,"body":"human rights and cultural rights."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 02","startTime":192.0,"endTime":194.0,"body":"I'm calling from Montréal, Québec."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 02","startTime":194.0,"endTime":196.0,"body":"[receiver chimes, replaced in cradle]"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":196.0,"endTime":196.8,"body":"09"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":196.8,"endTime":200.8,"body":"[gentle, electronic music] Sheila"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":196.8,"endTime":200.8,"body":"is an icon to climate advocates,"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":200.8,"endTime":205.2,"body":"both in Canada and internationally,"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":200.8,"endTime":205.2,"body":"as well as an award-winning Inuk"},{"speaker":"David 03","startTime":205.2,"endTime":206.8,"body":"activist and celebrated author."},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":206.8,"endTime":212.4,"body":"One"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":206.8,"endTime":212.4,"body":"Woman's Story of Protecting Her Culture,"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":212.4,"endTime":218.0,"body":"the Arctic, and the Whole Planet about"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":212.4,"endTime":218.0,"body":"the effects of climate change on Inuit"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":218.0,"endTime":220.0,"body":"communities is a national bestseller."},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":220.0,"endTime":224.8,"body":"She has been a political representative"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":220.0,"endTime":224.8,"body":"for Inuit at the regional, national,"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":224.8,"endTime":228.0,"body":"and international levels, most"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":224.8,"endTime":228.0,"body":"recently as International Chair"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":228.0,"endTime":230.0,"body":"for the Inuit Circumpolar Council."},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":230.0,"endTime":235.2,"body":"She has received numerous awards and"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":230.0,"endTime":235.2,"body":"honours for her work, has been featured"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":235.2,"endTime":240.0,"body":"in a number of documentaries, and"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":235.2,"endTime":240.0,"body":"profiled by journalists around the world."},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":240.0,"endTime":244.8,"body":"She sits as an advisor to Canada's"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":240.0,"endTime":244.8,"body":"Ecofiscal Commission, and is also"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":244.8,"endTime":248.8,"body":"a Senior Fellow at the Centre for"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":244.8,"endTime":248.8,"body":"International Governance Innovation."},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":248.8,"endTime":252.8,"body":"Sheila was instrumental in the"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":248.8,"endTime":252.8,"body":"global negotiations that led to"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":252.8,"endTime":256.8,"body":"the 2001 Stockholm Convention"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":252.8,"endTime":256.8,"body":"banning the generation and use of"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":256.8,"endTime":260.4,"body":"persistent organic pollutants that"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":256.8,"endTime":260.4,"body":"contaminate the Arctic food web."},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":260.4,"endTime":261.2,"body":"[music ends]"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":261.2,"endTime":264.8,"body":"Sheila, thanks so much"},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":261.2,"endTime":264.8,"body":"for joining us on Cities."},{"speaker":"Her book, The Right To Be Cold","startTime":264.8,"endTime":265.2,"body":"1.5."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":265.2,"endTime":266.4,"body":"22"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":266.4,"endTime":267.6,"body":"My pleasure, David."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":267.6,"endTime":268.8,"body":"Good to reconnect."},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":268.8,"endTime":269.6,"body":"24"},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":269.6,"endTime":275.2,"body":"It's fabulous and, you know, sometimes"},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":269.6,"endTime":275.2,"body":"we're lucky in life to connect with people"},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":275.2,"endTime":278.4,"body":"who help teach us and help us learn."},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":278.4,"endTime":282.8,"body":"After our previous conversation,"},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":278.4,"endTime":282.8,"body":"I've learned an awful lot and thought"},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":282.8,"endTime":288.8,"body":"a lot about some of the issues you"},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":282.8,"endTime":288.8,"body":"raised in your book, and I really"},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":288.8,"endTime":293.2,"body":"appreciate and am thankful for"},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":288.8,"endTime":293.2,"body":"that inspiration you gave to me."},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":293.2,"endTime":298.8,"body":"For those listeners who don't"},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":293.2,"endTime":298.8,"body":"know you as well as I do, can you"},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":298.8,"endTime":303.6,"body":"just tell them a little bit about"},{"speaker":"David 04","startTime":298.8,"endTime":303.6,"body":"yourself and about your background?"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":303.6,"endTime":304.8,"body":"53"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":304.8,"endTime":308.8,"body":"Well, I'm an Inuk woman—Inuk"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":304.8,"endTime":308.8,"body":"is singular for Inuit—born in"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":308.8,"endTime":313.6,"body":"Kuujjuaq, just in the northern"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":308.8,"endTime":313.6,"body":"part of Québec, in a region called"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":313.6,"endTime":315.6,"body":"Nunavik – small communities up there."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":315.6,"endTime":321.2,"body":"Raised traditionally, travelled only by"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":315.6,"endTime":321.2,"body":"dog team the first ten years of my life,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":321.2,"endTime":328.0,"body":"didn't know any English till I started"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":321.2,"endTime":328.0,"body":"school at the age of six, then I was sent"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":328.0,"endTime":334.8,"body":"off for school at the age of ten, as those"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":328.0,"endTime":334.8,"body":"were the government policies of the day."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":334.8,"endTime":339.6,"body":"For eight years I was away, \"being"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":334.8,"endTime":339.6,"body":"educated\", as they say, [chuckles]"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":339.6,"endTime":344.0,"body":"but it was more about deprogramming"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":339.6,"endTime":344.0,"body":"and reprogramming in a sense"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":344.0,"endTime":346.4,"body":"for many of us Inuit children."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":346.4,"endTime":348.4,"body":"And we were very young."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":348.4,"endTime":353.2,"body":"And so, my grounding and my humble"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":348.4,"endTime":353.2,"body":"beginnings are being raised very"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":353.2,"endTime":357.6,"body":"traditionally up in the Arctic,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":353.2,"endTime":357.6,"body":"hunting and fishing, and just the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":357.6,"endTime":362.8,"body":"values and principles of what it"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":357.6,"endTime":362.8,"body":"was like before a lot of turmoil"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":362.8,"endTime":365.6,"body":"was coming into play in our regions."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 04","startTime":365.6,"endTime":368.0,"body":"And so, that's my humble beginnings."},{"speaker":"David 05","startTime":368.0,"endTime":368.8,"body":"50"},{"speaker":"David 05","startTime":368.8,"endTime":373.6,"body":"Can you talk a bit about those"},{"speaker":"David 05","startTime":368.8,"endTime":373.6,"body":"humble beginnings, that way of"},{"speaker":"David 05","startTime":373.6,"endTime":378.4,"body":"life, and maybe the richness of it"},{"speaker":"David 05","startTime":373.6,"endTime":378.4,"body":"that's perhaps not appreciated by"},{"speaker":"David 05","startTime":378.4,"endTime":380.8,"body":"those who aren't from the north?"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":380.8,"endTime":382.0,"body":"01"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":382.0,"endTime":388.0,"body":"I think what most people have not come"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":382.0,"endTime":388.0,"body":"to really appreciate or even learn about"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":388.0,"endTime":394.4,"body":"the value of Inuit culture, not just for"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":388.0,"endTime":394.4,"body":"us, but for the world, of course, because"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":394.4,"endTime":400.8,"body":"actually the ice and the snow and the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":394.4,"endTime":400.8,"body":"cold, as I always say, is our university."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":400.8,"endTime":406.4,"body":"We teach our children not just the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":400.8,"endTime":406.4,"body":"technical aspect of a hunt, where they"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":406.4,"endTime":410.4,"body":"become proficient providers and natural"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":406.4,"endTime":410.4,"body":"conservationists, but we certainly teach"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":410.4,"endTime":414.8,"body":"them the life and character-building"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":410.4,"endTime":414.8,"body":"skills that are needed for them"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":414.8,"endTime":420.0,"body":"to be efficient providers for the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":414.8,"endTime":420.0,"body":"community and to survive one of the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":420.0,"endTime":422.0,"body":"harshest environments in the world."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":422.0,"endTime":426.8,"body":"But those life skills, the coping"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":422.0,"endTime":426.8,"body":"skills that they learn about themselves"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":426.8,"endTime":432.8,"body":"is just as important, if not more"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":426.8,"endTime":432.8,"body":"so, because it not only helps them to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":432.8,"endTime":437.2,"body":"survive the harsh environments, but it"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":432.8,"endTime":437.2,"body":"really gets ingrained and integrated"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":437.2,"endTime":442.4,"body":"if they've learned, traditionally, how"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":437.2,"endTime":442.4,"body":"to be patient, how to be bold under"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":442.4,"endTime":446.8,"body":"pressure, how to withstand stressful"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":442.4,"endTime":446.8,"body":"situations, how to develop their coping"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":446.8,"endTime":450.8,"body":"and resiliency skills and ultimately"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":446.8,"endTime":450.8,"body":"their sound judgment and wisdom..."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":450.8,"endTime":455.6,"body":"what we call [speaks Indigenous language"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":450.8,"endTime":455.6,"body":"00:07:07] in our language and those"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":455.6,"endTime":460.8,"body":"skills, we're finding, are very needed"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":455.6,"endTime":460.8,"body":"in dealing with the modern stressors of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":460.8,"endTime":466.4,"body":"the day because, as Inuit, we've gone"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":460.8,"endTime":466.4,"body":"through so much changes in one lifetime,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":466.4,"endTime":472.0,"body":"where most societies have taken, what, 350"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":466.4,"endTime":472.0,"body":"years to adjust to this modern setting."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":472.0,"endTime":477.6,"body":"And, for us, we say, in my lifetime,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":472.0,"endTime":477.6,"body":"it's been three lifetimes, you know,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":477.6,"endTime":480.8,"body":"that we've lived as a result of that."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":480.8,"endTime":486.0,"body":"But, along with the tumultuous change,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":480.8,"endTime":486.0,"body":"it also has included, of course, the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":486.0,"endTime":489.2,"body":"historical legacies of historical"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":486.0,"endTime":489.2,"body":"traumas—the colonization, you know,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":489.2,"endTime":493.6,"body":"the oppression, the suppression, the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":489.2,"endTime":493.6,"body":"violence, the abuses that occurred from"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":493.6,"endTime":499.2,"body":"those of authority—and that has created"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":493.6,"endTime":499.2,"body":"of course what we are faced with today."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":499.2,"endTime":504.4,"body":"Most people have come to understand"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":499.2,"endTime":504.4,"body":"the Arctic for-- or know the Arctic"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":504.4,"endTime":507.2,"body":"for its wildlife more than its people."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":507.2,"endTime":513.2,"body":"And, for me, the work that I've been"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":507.2,"endTime":513.2,"body":"doing all these almost 30 years now,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":513.2,"endTime":518.8,"body":"is to humanize the issues of climate"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":513.2,"endTime":518.8,"body":"change, and put that human face onto"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":518.8,"endTime":524.4,"body":"that map to better understand that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":518.8,"endTime":524.4,"body":"context of why we have such high suicide"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":524.4,"endTime":528.8,"body":"rates—the highest in North America,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":524.4,"endTime":528.8,"body":"in fact—and the addictions and the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":528.8,"endTime":534.8,"body":"violence that has now been created in our"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":528.8,"endTime":534.8,"body":"communities as a result of that history."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":534.8,"endTime":540.8,"body":"So, what we're finding is, as we come"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":534.8,"endTime":540.8,"body":"out the other side of understanding these"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":540.8,"endTime":547.2,"body":"pieces a lot more clearly, we find that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":540.8,"endTime":547.2,"body":"the answers lie right in front of us."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":547.2,"endTime":549.2,"body":"It lies in our culture."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":549.2,"endTime":555.2,"body":"In order for us to stand back on our"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":549.2,"endTime":555.2,"body":"feet or on solid ice—pun intended—then"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":555.2,"endTime":561.2,"body":"we need to ensure that that ice remains"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":555.2,"endTime":561.2,"body":"intact as the university, as the learning"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":561.2,"endTime":566.8,"body":"space and place for our young people to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":561.2,"endTime":566.8,"body":"develop those resiliencies as a result"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":566.8,"endTime":572.4,"body":"of the historical traumas which, again,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":566.8,"endTime":572.4,"body":"as I say are very transferable to the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":572.4,"endTime":577.6,"body":"modern setting, because we've realized the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":572.4,"endTime":577.6,"body":"younger generation that have had that kind"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":577.6,"endTime":582.8,"body":"of training, culturally, traditionally,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":577.6,"endTime":582.8,"body":"are more apt to adjust and adapt to the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":582.8,"endTime":585.2,"body":"modern setting and to the stressors."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":585.2,"endTime":587.6,"body":"That's how very transferable that is."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":587.6,"endTime":593.2,"body":"So, it's not just about the ice, not"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":587.6,"endTime":593.2,"body":"just about the polar bears – it's"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":593.2,"endTime":598.0,"body":"about the people and the younger"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":593.2,"endTime":598.0,"body":"generation that carry the burden the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":598.0,"endTime":602.8,"body":"most, the heaviest burden the most"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":598.0,"endTime":602.8,"body":"of all of those historical contexts."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":602.8,"endTime":607.2,"body":"So, that's why it's important to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":602.8,"endTime":607.2,"body":"understand the human context of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":607.2,"endTime":611.6,"body":"climate change and its impacts"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 06","startTime":607.2,"endTime":611.6,"body":"on the Arctic and its people."},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":611.6,"endTime":612.4,"body":"35"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":612.4,"endTime":617.6,"body":"[driving, pensive music] It's fascinating"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":612.4,"endTime":617.6,"body":"to hear you speak about how living that"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":617.6,"endTime":623.2,"body":"very difficult existence on the ice"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":617.6,"endTime":623.2,"body":"teaches those values of to be brave, to"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":623.2,"endTime":628.8,"body":"be wise, to be prepared, and you listed"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":623.2,"endTime":628.8,"body":"many more, you know, very important"},{"speaker":"David 09","startTime":628.8,"endTime":632.4,"body":"values to become a wise adult, in a way..."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":632.4,"endTime":633.6,"body":"01"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":633.6,"endTime":634.4,"body":"That's right."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":634.4,"endTime":634.8,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":634.8,"endTime":635.6,"body":"02"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":635.6,"endTime":640.0,"body":"[music continues] ... and climate change"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":635.6,"endTime":640.0,"body":"affecting their ability to have the"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":640.0,"endTime":644.4,"body":"development of these values because"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":640.0,"endTime":644.4,"body":"climate change is threatening the ice."},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":644.4,"endTime":650.4,"body":"Can you speak a bit more about what"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":644.4,"endTime":650.4,"body":"you've seen over the past 30 years"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":650.4,"endTime":655.2,"body":"that are connected with the changing"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":650.4,"endTime":655.2,"body":"climate and the impacts those are"},{"speaker":"David 10","startTime":655.2,"endTime":657.6,"body":"having on communities, as a result?"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":657.6,"endTime":658.8,"body":"21"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":658.8,"endTime":665.6,"body":"Well, when I was a child, growing up,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":658.8,"endTime":665.6,"body":"the ice froze by late October and we were"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":665.6,"endTime":670.4,"body":"able to start to travel safely because"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":665.6,"endTime":670.4,"body":"don't forget, it's about transportation"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":670.4,"endTime":676.0,"body":"and mobility for us, and so, when that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":670.4,"endTime":676.0,"body":"ice freezes, it becomes our highways"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":676.0,"endTime":681.6,"body":"that lead us out to our own environment,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":676.0,"endTime":681.6,"body":"our supermarket, our organic farm, so"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":681.6,"endTime":687.2,"body":"to speak, to bring home the nutritious"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":681.6,"endTime":687.2,"body":"food that is so important to us."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":687.2,"endTime":694.4,"body":"And, I will get into that kind of value of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":687.2,"endTime":694.4,"body":"our food, what we call our country food."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":694.4,"endTime":695.6,"body":"[music fades out]"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":695.6,"endTime":700.4,"body":"And so, things were freezing very"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":695.6,"endTime":700.4,"body":"early in the fall and breaking"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":700.4,"endTime":703.2,"body":"up much later by June, let's say."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":703.2,"endTime":708.8,"body":"Today, the ice in my community of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":703.2,"endTime":708.8,"body":"Kuujjuaq does not form fully on that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":708.8,"endTime":713.6,"body":"river until December, January, and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":708.8,"endTime":713.6,"body":"some pockets of that area of the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 10","startTime":713.6,"endTime":716.4,"body":"river do not freeze at all anymore."},{"speaker":"David 11","startTime":716.4,"endTime":717.2,"body":"11"},{"speaker":"David 11","startTime":717.2,"endTime":717.6,"body":"Wow."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":717.6,"endTime":718.8,"body":"12"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":718.8,"endTime":724.0,"body":"There are streams and lakes now that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":718.8,"endTime":724.0,"body":"are very dangerous in the spring"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":724.0,"endTime":726.0,"body":"because it comes very quickly."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":726.0,"endTime":731.2,"body":"So, for us, it becomes an issue"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":726.0,"endTime":731.2,"body":"of safety and security, first and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":731.2,"endTime":736.4,"body":"foremost, because those are icy highways"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":731.2,"endTime":736.4,"body":"that we use, and we still harvest"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":736.4,"endTime":739.2,"body":"all of our animals and our fishing."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":739.2,"endTime":744.0,"body":"And so, it really is about"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":739.2,"endTime":744.0,"body":"that safety and issue for us."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":744.0,"endTime":749.6,"body":"And then, of course, the changes that are"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":744.0,"endTime":749.6,"body":"happening, too, is the coastal erosion."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":749.6,"endTime":755.2,"body":"I mean, we Inuit live in Greenland,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":749.6,"endTime":755.2,"body":"we live in Alaska, we live in"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":755.2,"endTime":757.6,"body":"Canada, and we live in Russia."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":757.6,"endTime":763.2,"body":"In Alaska, they are hit the hardest"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":757.6,"endTime":763.2,"body":"when it comes to that because it's"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":763.2,"endTime":768.0,"body":"open coast now, and so there's"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":763.2,"endTime":768.0,"body":"homes that are already into the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":768.0,"endTime":770.8,"body":"sea as a result of coastal erosion."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":770.8,"endTime":776.4,"body":"So, it's really about that losing our"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":770.8,"endTime":776.4,"body":"homes, even to that kind of situation"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":776.4,"endTime":778.0,"body":"that's happening very quickly."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":778.0,"endTime":784.4,"body":"There are new species of animals and fish"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":778.0,"endTime":784.4,"body":"and insects that sometimes we don't have a"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":784.4,"endTime":790.4,"body":"name for because they're making their way"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":784.4,"endTime":790.4,"body":"north as a result of the climatic changes."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":790.4,"endTime":795.6,"body":"We live just below the tree line"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":790.4,"endTime":795.6,"body":"in Kuujjuaq in Nunavik and there's"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":795.6,"endTime":801.2,"body":"a lot of trees that are slumping"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":795.6,"endTime":801.2,"body":"as a result of the permafrost that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":801.2,"endTime":803.6,"body":"is melting very quickly, as well."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":803.6,"endTime":805.2,"body":"So, many, many changes."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":805.2,"endTime":810.4,"body":"Hunters have to reroute themselves to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":805.2,"endTime":810.4,"body":"get to the same hunting and fishing"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":810.4,"endTime":815.2,"body":"grounds that they've done for generations,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":810.4,"endTime":815.2,"body":"and also, the Indigenous knowledge and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":815.2,"endTime":821.2,"body":"wisdom is weakened because, as I say,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":815.2,"endTime":821.2,"body":"not only does the ice go; so, too,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":821.2,"endTime":824.4,"body":"does the wisdom when it all melts away."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":824.4,"endTime":827.2,"body":"And so, those teachings are very valuable."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":827.2,"endTime":832.4,"body":"But, many of our hunters and our"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":827.2,"endTime":832.4,"body":"seasoned elders often will say, \"I'm"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":832.4,"endTime":837.6,"body":"teaching you this now, as I have"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":832.4,"endTime":837.6,"body":"done for generations, to help you."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":837.6,"endTime":840.8,"body":"However\"—and there's a disclaimer,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":837.6,"endTime":840.8,"body":"“however”—“because of climate change,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":840.8,"endTime":844.0,"body":"it's not always going to be that way."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":844.0,"endTime":849.2,"body":"Things are unpredictable and we can't"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":844.0,"endTime":849.2,"body":"assess the ice conditions by looking at"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":849.2,"endTime":855.2,"body":"it from the surface anymore because the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":849.2,"endTime":855.2,"body":"Arctic sink or the waters are warming so"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":855.2,"endTime":858.0,"body":"much that the ice forms very differently."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":858.0,"endTime":863.2,"body":"So, that's what I mean by minimizing"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":858.0,"endTime":863.2,"body":"of traditional knowledge that has held"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":863.2,"endTime":869.2,"body":"us together and safe for generations"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 11","startTime":863.2,"endTime":869.2,"body":"is now in question as a result of that."},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":869.2,"endTime":870.0,"body":"19"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":870.0,"endTime":875.2,"body":"You've been a powerful advocate for"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":870.0,"endTime":875.2,"body":"change as a result of what you've"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":875.2,"endTime":880.0,"body":"seen and what the Inuit are facing,"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":875.2,"endTime":880.0,"body":"culturally, as you so clearly"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":880.0,"endTime":882.4,"body":"expressed over the last few minutes."},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":882.4,"endTime":885.6,"body":"You've been a powerful"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":882.4,"endTime":885.6,"body":"advocate, globally, for change."},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":885.6,"endTime":891.6,"body":"Can you speak a bit about that history"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":885.6,"endTime":891.6,"body":"and that work you've done with the"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":891.6,"endTime":895.2,"body":"Inuit Circumpolar Conference and"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":891.6,"endTime":895.2,"body":"the petition to the Inter-American"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":895.2,"endTime":900.4,"body":"Commission on Human Rights, and a lot"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":895.2,"endTime":900.4,"body":"of other work you've done together"},{"speaker":"David 13","startTime":900.4,"endTime":902.8,"body":"with others, but you've often led?"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":902.8,"endTime":904.0,"body":"48"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":904.0,"endTime":909.2,"body":"[gentle music] Well, the first"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":904.0,"endTime":909.2,"body":"part of the work that I did was"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":909.2,"endTime":911.2,"body":"to protect our country food."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":911.2,"endTime":917.6,"body":"That, I would consider to be one of the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":911.2,"endTime":917.6,"body":"bigger successes at the UN level, that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":917.6,"endTime":922.8,"body":"I led that campaign on protecting our"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":917.6,"endTime":922.8,"body":"country food because of these persistent"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":922.8,"endTime":927.6,"body":"organic pollutants that were making their"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":922.8,"endTime":927.6,"body":"way through the weather patterns, from"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":927.6,"endTime":932.8,"body":"pesticides and byproduct of industry"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":927.6,"endTime":932.8,"body":"from very far away, and ending up in"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":932.8,"endTime":938.4,"body":"our food chain because they made their"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":932.8,"endTime":938.4,"body":"home in the cold Arctic waters, not"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":938.4,"endTime":941.6,"body":"able to go back up in the atmosphere."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":941.6,"endTime":946.8,"body":"[music fades out] So, they bio-magnified"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":941.6,"endTime":946.8,"body":"and bio-intensified when they got to the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":946.8,"endTime":953.2,"body":"Arctic and ended up in our marine mammals,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":946.8,"endTime":953.2,"body":"which we are avid eaters of because that's"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":953.2,"endTime":959.2,"body":"very highly-nutritious food that we eat"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":953.2,"endTime":959.2,"body":"up there to stay warm and to stay healthy."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":959.2,"endTime":964.8,"body":"And so, I became very active as I was"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":959.2,"endTime":964.8,"body":"just a newly-elected ICC Canada—Inuit"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":964.8,"endTime":968.8,"body":"Circumpolar Council Canada—president, and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":964.8,"endTime":968.8,"body":"the UN negotiations were just starting."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":968.8,"endTime":974.0,"body":"Lots of work had been done previous"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":968.8,"endTime":974.0,"body":"to that with Health Canada, Inuit"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":974.0,"endTime":977.6,"body":"organizations, Inuit committees"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":974.0,"endTime":977.6,"body":"in the community, when we realize"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":977.6,"endTime":982.8,"body":"in the '80s we were being poisoned"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":977.6,"endTime":982.8,"body":"from afar, not of our doing."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":982.8,"endTime":988.4,"body":"And so, it became very alarming when"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":982.8,"endTime":988.4,"body":"these toxins were being found in the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":988.4,"endTime":994.4,"body":"nursing milk of our Inuit women and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":988.4,"endTime":994.4,"body":"in our food chain, in the blood cord"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":994.4,"endTime":996.8,"body":"as they were doing the research."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":996.8,"endTime":1002.4,"body":"So, when the negotiations started for me,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":996.8,"endTime":1002.4,"body":"as a mother and a young grandmother-to-be,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1002.4,"endTime":1008.0,"body":"it was a no-brainer to say, \"This"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1002.4,"endTime":1008.0,"body":"is not just a chemical story here."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1008.0,"endTime":1010.8,"body":"This is not just an environmental problem."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1010.8,"endTime":1016.4,"body":"This is an urgent health matter for"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1010.8,"endTime":1016.4,"body":"Inuit, who rely upon their country food"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1016.4,"endTime":1022.4,"body":"for incredible sources,\" and I'll just"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1016.4,"endTime":1022.4,"body":"list a little bit of that for you now..."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1022.4,"endTime":1027.2,"body":"The nutritional value of our food, the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1022.4,"endTime":1027.2,"body":"cultural value, educational value—that I"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1027.2,"endTime":1031.6,"body":"had mentioned earlier about the character"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1027.2,"endTime":1031.6,"body":"building—the emotional value of connecting"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1031.6,"endTime":1038.0,"body":"to identity and the grounding that we"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1031.6,"endTime":1038.0,"body":"have as we connect to family and to our"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1038.0,"endTime":1044.0,"body":"hunter and ancestry, the spiritual value"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1038.0,"endTime":1044.0,"body":"of our women as they sow in almost a"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1044.0,"endTime":1050.0,"body":"meditative state or prepare the food, the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1044.0,"endTime":1050.0,"body":"men in a yogic position almost for many"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1050.0,"endTime":1055.6,"body":"hours upon hours in the cold, waiting"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1050.0,"endTime":1055.6,"body":"for that seal to surface through that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1055.6,"endTime":1061.6,"body":"little hole, of the seal is they call"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1055.6,"endTime":1061.6,"body":"that their peaceful space and, trust me,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1061.6,"endTime":1067.6,"body":"we need more peaceful spaces for our men"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1061.6,"endTime":1067.6,"body":"today who have gone through much change."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1067.6,"endTime":1072.8,"body":"And then, of course, the communal"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1067.6,"endTime":1072.8,"body":"value of eating from the same animal"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1072.8,"endTime":1078.0,"body":"is extremely powerful for us and we"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1072.8,"endTime":1078.0,"body":"have ceremony around our young men"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1078.0,"endTime":1080.4,"body":"when they have their first hunt."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1080.4,"endTime":1085.2,"body":"And so, it creates this sense of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1080.4,"endTime":1085.2,"body":"confidence, more confidence for them,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1085.2,"endTime":1091.2,"body":"for the young men to build their sense"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1085.2,"endTime":1091.2,"body":"of identity and their confidence to be"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1091.2,"endTime":1096.8,"body":"good providers, and that's what we need"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1091.2,"endTime":1096.8,"body":"the world today with our youth, you"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1096.8,"endTime":1102.0,"body":"know, who have gone so dispirited because"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1096.8,"endTime":1102.0,"body":"of that legacy I mentioned earlier."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1102.0,"endTime":1106.4,"body":"Of course, the medicinal value is"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1102.0,"endTime":1106.4,"body":"really important for us – omega"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1106.4,"endTime":1108.4,"body":"three fats, all of that."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1108.4,"endTime":1113.6,"body":"And, the economic value – many people"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1108.4,"endTime":1113.6,"body":"rely on our country food because the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1113.6,"endTime":1118.8,"body":"cost of living and the food insecurity"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1113.6,"endTime":1118.8,"body":"in the Arctic, my goodness, it's"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1118.8,"endTime":1123.2,"body":"high – two, three, four times higher"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1118.8,"endTime":1123.2,"body":"than southern places in Canada."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1123.2,"endTime":1127.2,"body":"So, all of these values are"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1123.2,"endTime":1127.2,"body":"extremely important to us."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1127.2,"endTime":1131.2,"body":"It was about our way of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1127.2,"endTime":1131.2,"body":"life and our culture."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1131.2,"endTime":1136.4,"body":"We didn't want to be caught between"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1131.2,"endTime":1136.4,"body":"having to choose between our country"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1136.4,"endTime":1138.4,"body":"food and our cultural heritage."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1138.4,"endTime":1144.0,"body":"\"What a world we created,\" I said"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1138.4,"endTime":1144.0,"body":"early on, \"that mothers of the world"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1144.0,"endTime":1149.2,"body":"have to carry the brunt of these"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1144.0,"endTime":1149.2,"body":"toxins, Inuit women having to think"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1149.2,"endTime":1154.0,"body":"twice about nursing their babies as"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1149.2,"endTime":1154.0,"body":"a result of that,\" whereas African"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1154.0,"endTime":1160.0,"body":"women had to try to use DDT to protect"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1154.0,"endTime":1160.0,"body":"their babies from dying from malaria."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1160.0,"endTime":1165.6,"body":"And so, here we are, in this world,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1160.0,"endTime":1165.6,"body":"creating these kinds of horrific things"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1165.6,"endTime":1171.2,"body":"that have an impact on peoples, way"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1165.6,"endTime":1171.2,"body":"far from the source of these toxins."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1171.2,"endTime":1178.0,"body":"And so, that's the first one, and to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1171.2,"endTime":1178.0,"body":"be able to put that human face on the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1178.0,"endTime":1183.6,"body":"map, we were successful in creating and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1178.0,"endTime":1183.6,"body":"working with the world on these issues"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1183.6,"endTime":1189.2,"body":"– the UN Stockholm Convention which, by"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1183.6,"endTime":1189.2,"body":"the way, in that time in history was"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1189.2,"endTime":1194.8,"body":"one of the fastest UN treaties to have"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1189.2,"endTime":1194.8,"body":"been signed, ratified, and enforced in"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1194.8,"endTime":1198.0,"body":"the history of the UN in those days."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1198.0,"endTime":1203.2,"body":"Now, of course, we were protecting"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1198.0,"endTime":1203.2,"body":"ourselves in the Arctic, but in reality,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1203.2,"endTime":1209.6,"body":"we were very inclusive in our work because"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1203.2,"endTime":1209.6,"body":"whatever we did to protect the Arctic was"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1209.6,"endTime":1214.0,"body":"protecting everybody else along the route"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1209.6,"endTime":1214.0,"body":"of these persistent organic pollutants,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1214.0,"endTime":1216.8,"body":"so everyone was protected in that way."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1216.8,"endTime":1222.0,"body":"I've always tried to be very"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1216.8,"endTime":1222.0,"body":"inclusive in the work that I've done,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1222.0,"endTime":1227.2,"body":"to say, \"It's not just about us,\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1222.0,"endTime":1227.2,"body":"because the Arctic is the cool..."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1227.2,"endTime":1230.0,"body":"I'm switching back to climate change now."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1230.0,"endTime":1233.6,"body":"The Arctic is the cooling"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1230.0,"endTime":1233.6,"body":"system for the planet."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1233.6,"endTime":1239.2,"body":"It's the air conditioner, if you will,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1233.6,"endTime":1239.2,"body":"and it's starting to break down, and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1239.2,"endTime":1244.8,"body":"it shows the impact of that breakdown"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1239.2,"endTime":1244.8,"body":"with the droughts and the fires and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1244.8,"endTime":1246.8,"body":"the hurricanes and the tornadoes."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1246.8,"endTime":1252.0,"body":"And all of those things that are"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1246.8,"endTime":1252.0,"body":"happening around the world are very"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1252.0,"endTime":1256.4,"body":"much connected to the meltdown of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1252.0,"endTime":1256.4,"body":"the Arctic glaciers and Greenland"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1256.4,"endTime":1258.8,"body":"Ice Sheet, with the sea-level rise."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1258.8,"endTime":1260.8,"body":"The connection is very clear."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 13","startTime":1260.8,"endTime":1262.0,"body":"It's all there."},{"speaker":"David 18","startTime":1262.0,"endTime":1262.8,"body":"53"},{"speaker":"David 18","startTime":1262.8,"endTime":1266.8,"body":"[somber music] And your work on"},{"speaker":"David 18","startTime":1262.8,"endTime":1266.8,"body":"the persistent organic pollutants,"},{"speaker":"David 18","startTime":1266.8,"endTime":1272.0,"body":"to me, seems to have set a path"},{"speaker":"David 18","startTime":1266.8,"endTime":1272.0,"body":"for your advocacy around climate."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1272.0,"endTime":1273.2,"body":"04"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1273.2,"endTime":1274.0,"body":"Oh, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1274.0,"endTime":1274.4,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1274.4,"endTime":1279.2,"body":"With that under my belt, so to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1274.4,"endTime":1279.2,"body":"speak, [chuckles lightly] I really"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1279.2,"endTime":1284.4,"body":"felt much stronger because it was"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1279.2,"endTime":1284.4,"body":"a real fast learning curve for me."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1284.4,"endTime":1290.0,"body":"I got elected in '95 and, boom, I"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1284.4,"endTime":1290.0,"body":"was out there in the international"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1290.0,"endTime":1294.0,"body":"arena within that next couple of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1290.0,"endTime":1294.0,"body":"years with these negotiations."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1294.0,"endTime":1300.0,"body":"And, we put ourselves on the map with"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1294.0,"endTime":1300.0,"body":"that issue, but then climate change was"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1300.0,"endTime":1305.2,"body":"this huge, much, much more challenging"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1300.0,"endTime":1305.2,"body":"issue to deal with because, in those"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1305.2,"endTime":1310.4,"body":"years, big players like the United"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1305.2,"endTime":1310.4,"body":"States were always the odd man out."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1310.4,"endTime":1316.4,"body":"They did not want to sign on to the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1310.4,"endTime":1316.4,"body":"COP process, and we learned through"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1316.4,"endTime":1322.0,"body":"the work that we did under the Arctic"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1316.4,"endTime":1322.0,"body":"Council on developing the Arctic Climate"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1322.0,"endTime":1327.6,"body":"Impact Assessment just how resistant"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1322.0,"endTime":1327.6,"body":"the US was at the time to sign on"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1327.6,"endTime":1331.6,"body":"to anything that would impact their"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1327.6,"endTime":1331.6,"body":"economic or environmental policies."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1331.6,"endTime":1335.6,"body":"[music fades out] And so,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1331.6,"endTime":1335.6,"body":"the politics was very high."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1335.6,"endTime":1339.6,"body":"But we also knew what"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1335.6,"endTime":1339.6,"body":"was coming down the road."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1339.6,"endTime":1340.8,"body":"This is '94."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1340.8,"endTime":1344.0,"body":"I've been doing this for almost 30 years."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1344.0,"endTime":1349.2,"body":"This is in '94 that this occurred, that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1344.0,"endTime":1349.2,"body":"we actually assessed climate change."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1349.2,"endTime":1354.0,"body":"It was one of the first detailed,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1349.2,"endTime":1354.0,"body":"comprehensive reports on climate change,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1354.0,"endTime":1359.6,"body":"and it happened to be on the circumpolar"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1354.0,"endTime":1359.6,"body":"world, and it involved many countries—I"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1359.6,"endTime":1364.0,"body":"believe, 15 countries—with many, many"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1359.6,"endTime":1364.0,"body":"scientists from around the world, and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1364.0,"endTime":1368.8,"body":"we ensured—and we really worked hard on"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1364.0,"endTime":1368.8,"body":"this to ensure—that Indigenous knowledge"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1368.8,"endTime":1373.6,"body":"of the circumpolar world, including our"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1368.8,"endTime":1373.6,"body":"Inuit elders, their voices and their"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1373.6,"endTime":1378.8,"body":"experience and their expertise would be"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1373.6,"endTime":1378.8,"body":"added to every chapter of this assessment."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1378.8,"endTime":1383.6,"body":"And so, it was really long"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1378.8,"endTime":1383.6,"body":"ago that we said, \"Red flags."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1383.6,"endTime":1387.6,"body":"Climate change is really going"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1383.6,"endTime":1387.6,"body":"to happen and it's really"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1387.6,"endTime":1389.6,"body":"going to impact the Arctic.\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1389.6,"endTime":1393.6,"body":"This was even before the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1389.6,"endTime":1393.6,"body":"IPCC reports were coming out."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1393.6,"endTime":1399.6,"body":"And so, lots of things were said in that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1393.6,"endTime":1399.6,"body":"report, which was really an indicator"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1399.6,"endTime":1405.2,"body":"of these changes that we actually"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1399.6,"endTime":1405.2,"body":"live today in the Arctic and in the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1405.2,"endTime":1408.0,"body":"world that are impacting all of us."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1408.0,"endTime":1414.8,"body":"So, when people started to search me out"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1408.0,"endTime":1414.8,"body":"after this work that I had done on POPs,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1414.8,"endTime":1420.0,"body":"said, \"You know, we're working, and these"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1414.8,"endTime":1420.0,"body":"two legal-- international legal teams in"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1420.0,"endTime":1425.6,"body":"the United States, actually, who sought"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1420.0,"endTime":1425.6,"body":"me out and said, \"We'd like to explore"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1425.6,"endTime":1430.4,"body":"something with you and let's have a"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1425.6,"endTime":1430.4,"body":"meeting about connecting climate change"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1430.4,"endTime":1433.6,"body":"to human rights, and we have some ideas."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1433.6,"endTime":1439.2,"body":"This is what we'd like to do,\" you"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1433.6,"endTime":1439.2,"body":"know, in terms of moving forward"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1439.2,"endTime":1444.4,"body":"to really put this issue on the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1439.2,"endTime":1444.4,"body":"map as a human rights issue."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1444.4,"endTime":1450.0,"body":"So, that's where all that kind of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1444.4,"endTime":1450.0,"body":"began, and I met with the Centre"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1450.0,"endTime":1454.0,"body":"for International Environmental"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1450.0,"endTime":1454.0,"body":"Law in Washington DC, and also with"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1454.0,"endTime":1458.4,"body":"earthjustice.org from San Francisco,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1454.0,"endTime":1458.4,"body":"who had been working on these issues,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1458.4,"endTime":1464.0,"body":"and we talked about that, and I"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1458.4,"endTime":1464.0,"body":"had to think very hard about this,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1464.0,"endTime":1466.8,"body":"but it really felt right to me."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1466.8,"endTime":1472.8,"body":"It didn't feel strange to make this a"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1466.8,"endTime":1472.8,"body":"human rights issue because, for us, we"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1472.8,"endTime":1478.8,"body":"live this reality, even though I had"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1472.8,"endTime":1478.8,"body":"a lot of challenges I have to admit"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1478.8,"endTime":1483.6,"body":"with some of our own institutions"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1478.8,"endTime":1483.6,"body":"because people wanted to go into"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1483.6,"endTime":1489.2,"body":"development issues and they didn't want"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1483.6,"endTime":1489.2,"body":"to be seen as hypocrites and so on."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1489.2,"endTime":1495.6,"body":"[pensive music] But, that's all in my"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1489.2,"endTime":1495.6,"body":"book, so I won't get into that too much."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1495.6,"endTime":1501.6,"body":"But, if you want to know more about the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1495.6,"endTime":1501.6,"body":"political challenges of our own Inuit"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1501.6,"endTime":1504.0,"body":"world, you can certainly read that."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1504.0,"endTime":1511.6,"body":"But, at the end of the day, ICC chose"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1504.0,"endTime":1511.6,"body":"not to sign on to this and so it became"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1511.6,"endTime":1517.2,"body":"myself who led it with 62 elders and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1511.6,"endTime":1517.2,"body":"seasoned hunters and women from Alaska"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1517.2,"endTime":1523.2,"body":"and Canada, and what we were suggesting"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1517.2,"endTime":1523.2,"body":"is that this, indeed, is a human rights"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1523.2,"endTime":1526.4,"body":"issue, and that's where all of that began."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 19","startTime":1526.4,"endTime":1528.4,"body":"[music continues then fades out]"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1528.4,"endTime":1529.2,"body":"52"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1529.2,"endTime":1533.6,"body":"[light, driving music] This episode"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1529.2,"endTime":1533.6,"body":"of Cities 1.5 is produced by"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1533.6,"endTime":1538.0,"body":"University of Toronto Press with"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1533.6,"endTime":1538.0,"body":"generous support from the C40 Centre"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1538.0,"endTime":1540.4,"body":"for City Climate Policy and Economy."},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1540.4,"endTime":1544.4,"body":"Want more access to current"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1540.4,"endTime":1544.4,"body":"research on how city leaders"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1544.4,"endTime":1546.0,"body":"are taking climate action?"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1546.0,"endTime":1550.4,"body":"We also publish the Journal of"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1546.0,"endTime":1550.4,"body":"City Climate Policy and Economy."},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1550.4,"endTime":1554.4,"body":"Our mission is to publish timely,"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1550.4,"endTime":1554.4,"body":"evidence-based research that contributes"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1554.4,"endTime":1558.4,"body":"to the urban climate agenda and"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1554.4,"endTime":1558.4,"body":"supports governmental policy toward"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1558.4,"endTime":1560.4,"body":"an equitable and resilient world."},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1560.4,"endTime":1565.2,"body":"The Journal serves as a platform for"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1560.4,"endTime":1565.2,"body":"dynamic content that highlights ambitious,"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1565.2,"endTime":1568.8,"body":"near-term climate action, focusing on"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1565.2,"endTime":1568.8,"body":"human-centered solutions to today's"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1568.8,"endTime":1570.4,"body":"most pressing climate challenges."},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1570.4,"endTime":1574.0,"body":"To read the latest issue, visit"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1570.4,"endTime":1574.0,"body":"JCCPE.utpjournals.press or find"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1574.0,"endTime":1576.4,"body":"the link in the show notes."},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1576.4,"endTime":1577.6,"body":"[music fades out]"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1577.6,"endTime":1582.4,"body":"I'm not sure that everyone is familiar"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1577.6,"endTime":1582.4,"body":"with the Inter-American Commission on"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1582.4,"endTime":1588.8,"body":"Human Rights, so can you just talk a"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1582.4,"endTime":1588.8,"body":"little bit about that and why it would"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1588.8,"endTime":1594.8,"body":"matter that you would take a petition"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1588.8,"endTime":1594.8,"body":"with the aid of these human rights lawyers"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1594.8,"endTime":1600.8,"body":"and with 62 elders to speak about the"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1594.8,"endTime":1600.8,"body":"impact on Inuit life of climate change?"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1600.8,"endTime":1605.2,"body":"Why is that the place to"},{"speaker":"David 22","startTime":1600.8,"endTime":1605.2,"body":"take a petition like this?"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1605.2,"endTime":1606.4,"body":"08"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1606.4,"endTime":1612.8,"body":"Well, first of all, we didn't want it"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1606.4,"endTime":1612.8,"body":"to be a lawsuit because we didn't want"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1612.8,"endTime":1618.8,"body":"people to just think that we were after"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1612.8,"endTime":1618.8,"body":"money, because that was not the case."},{"speaker":"David 24","startTime":1618.8,"endTime":1619.6,"body":"16"},{"speaker":"David 24","startTime":1619.6,"endTime":1620.0,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1620.0,"endTime":1621.2,"body":"16"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1621.2,"endTime":1627.2,"body":"It was to get the world to take notice"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1621.2,"endTime":1627.2,"body":"of what's happening in the Arctic,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1627.2,"endTime":1632.4,"body":"and we chose to target the United"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1627.2,"endTime":1632.4,"body":"States because, as I mentioned, they"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1632.4,"endTime":1638.4,"body":"were always the odd man out when it"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1632.4,"endTime":1638.4,"body":"came to these issues of signing on"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1638.4,"endTime":1643.6,"body":"to agreements or treaties that really"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1638.4,"endTime":1643.6,"body":"would make an impact or a difference"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1643.6,"endTime":1646.8,"body":"in the world today that we live in."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1646.8,"endTime":1653.2,"body":"[gentle music] We were way ahead of our"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1646.8,"endTime":1653.2,"body":"time when it came to the research on"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1653.2,"endTime":1659.2,"body":"these issues and we chose them because"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1653.2,"endTime":1659.2,"body":"they are the ones that look at these"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1659.2,"endTime":1665.2,"body":"kinds of legal petitions that are not"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1659.2,"endTime":1665.2,"body":"lawsuits-- and I can't get into all of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1665.2,"endTime":1671.2,"body":"the legal jargon of all of that because"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1665.2,"endTime":1671.2,"body":"it's, like, over 20 years ago [chuckles]."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1671.2,"endTime":1676.8,"body":"I think it's really important in the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1671.2,"endTime":1676.8,"body":"sense that they chose not to hear"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1676.8,"endTime":1678.8,"body":"our petition – our legal petition."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1678.8,"endTime":1683.2,"body":"However, because of the politics"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1678.8,"endTime":1683.2,"body":"that played itself out—and I won't..."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1683.2,"endTime":1689.6,"body":"Again, if you want to read more about"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1683.2,"endTime":1689.6,"body":"that in terms of how I testified at"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1689.6,"endTime":1694.4,"body":"John McCain's Senate hearing that he had"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1689.6,"endTime":1694.4,"body":"on climate change and transportation,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1694.4,"endTime":1700.0,"body":"because of the problems and challenges"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1694.4,"endTime":1700.0,"body":"that we had at the Arctic Council level"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1700.0,"endTime":1705.2,"body":"with the American delegations that were"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1700.0,"endTime":1705.2,"body":"stalling all of this report from coming"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1705.2,"endTime":1711.6,"body":"out before an election that would see"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1705.2,"endTime":1711.6,"body":"Bush back in for the second term, all of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1711.6,"endTime":1714.4,"body":"these things are indicated in my book."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1714.4,"endTime":1719.6,"body":"However, we did realize we were up"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1714.4,"endTime":1719.6,"body":"against a huge political machinery here."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1719.6,"endTime":1724.8,"body":"But, at the same time, it didn't"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1719.6,"endTime":1724.8,"body":"stop me because I felt that,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1724.8,"endTime":1728.4,"body":"even some of the things that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1724.8,"endTime":1728.4,"body":"people—my own leadership—thought"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1728.4,"endTime":1730.4,"body":"– \"What if we get repercussion?"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1730.4,"endTime":1732.8,"body":"What if we get funding cuts?\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1732.8,"endTime":1739.6,"body":"You know, \"What if we get some kind of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1732.8,"endTime":1739.6,"body":"a, you know, backlash from all of this?\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1739.6,"endTime":1746.4,"body":"and I say, \"Well, I am more afraid of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1739.6,"endTime":1746.4,"body":"the future of my grandchildren than I am"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1746.4,"endTime":1749.2,"body":"of any backlash that could happen here.\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1749.2,"endTime":1754.8,"body":"And so, it was really about getting"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1749.2,"endTime":1754.8,"body":"the world to take notice how serious"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1754.8,"endTime":1760.0,"body":"a matter this is for Inuit, of the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1754.8,"endTime":1760.0,"body":"Arctic and the circumpolar world."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1760.0,"endTime":1766.0,"body":"And so, we used the remarkable data and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1760.0,"endTime":1766.0,"body":"the research that had been done through"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1766.0,"endTime":1771.6,"body":"the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1766.0,"endTime":1771.6,"body":"we were able to arm ourselves with that,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1771.6,"endTime":1778.0,"body":"the same way that we were able to arm"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1771.6,"endTime":1778.0,"body":"ourselves with all the data and research"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1778.0,"endTime":1783.2,"body":"that had been developed, and we translated"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1778.0,"endTime":1783.2,"body":"that kind of data into international"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1783.2,"endTime":1787.6,"body":"policy, which is the Stockholm"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1783.2,"endTime":1787.6,"body":"Convention that makes our country food"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1787.6,"endTime":1790.8,"body":"safer today, as a result of that work."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1790.8,"endTime":1796.4,"body":"So, we didn't have anything in our hands"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1790.8,"endTime":1796.4,"body":"for climate change until this Arctic"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1796.4,"endTime":1802.0,"body":"Climate Impact Assessment was done, and so"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1796.4,"endTime":1802.0,"body":"it was really an important piece because,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1802.0,"endTime":1808.4,"body":"even though they chose not to move forward"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1802.0,"endTime":1808.4,"body":"with our petition, per se, because of the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1808.4,"endTime":1815.2,"body":"politics at play, they did choose to have"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1808.4,"endTime":1815.2,"body":"myself and my legal team go down and talk"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1815.2,"endTime":1820.8,"body":"about the legal impacts of climate change"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1815.2,"endTime":1820.8,"body":"on these issues, and they had promised"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1820.8,"endTime":1826.8,"body":"me, at the end of our testimonies, that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1820.8,"endTime":1826.8,"body":"they would go ahead with our petition."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1826.8,"endTime":1830.4,"body":"However, we never heard"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1826.8,"endTime":1830.4,"body":"back from them after that."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1830.4,"endTime":1836.0,"body":"So, it was very unfortunate, 30"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1830.4,"endTime":1836.0,"body":"years later, here we are in a climate"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 24","startTime":1836.0,"endTime":1838.8,"body":"crisis that we had predicted long ago."},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1838.8,"endTime":1839.6,"body":"10"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1839.6,"endTime":1844.4,"body":"It's fascinating how early you and"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1839.6,"endTime":1844.4,"body":"other Inuit leaders came to this"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1844.4,"endTime":1849.2,"body":"issue, and it really speaks to the"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1844.4,"endTime":1849.2,"body":"connection between culture and the"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1849.2,"endTime":1852.0,"body":"land, and the ice, in this case."},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1852.0,"endTime":1856.0,"body":"Pierre Pettigrew was the Minister"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1852.0,"endTime":1856.0,"body":"for Foreign Affairs, and Stéphane"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1856.0,"endTime":1860.4,"body":"Dion, the Minister of the"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1856.0,"endTime":1860.4,"body":"Environment, I think at the time..."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1860.4,"endTime":1861.6,"body":"33"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1861.6,"endTime":1862.4,"body":"That's right."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1862.4,"endTime":1862.8,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1862.8,"endTime":1863.6,"body":"33"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1863.6,"endTime":1866.8,"body":"... later became the leader"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1863.6,"endTime":1866.8,"body":"of the Liberal Party."},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1866.8,"endTime":1872.0,"body":"Even though you may not have"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1866.8,"endTime":1872.0,"body":"had a hearing, do you think that"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1872.0,"endTime":1876.4,"body":"that work left a legacy, for"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1872.0,"endTime":1876.4,"body":"the first time really connecting"},{"speaker":"David 27","startTime":1876.4,"endTime":1878.4,"body":"climate change and human rights?"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1878.4,"endTime":1879.6,"body":"49"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1879.6,"endTime":1880.0,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1880.0,"endTime":1880.4,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1880.4,"endTime":1885.6,"body":"And, when we first started this movement"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1880.4,"endTime":1885.6,"body":"and we started connecting climate change"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1885.6,"endTime":1890.4,"body":"to human rights, even big organizations"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1885.6,"endTime":1890.4,"body":"like Amnesty International and the guy"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1890.4,"endTime":1897.2,"body":"who headed that in those years, when I won"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1890.4,"endTime":1897.2,"body":"the Sophie Prize in Norway, was told, \"The"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1897.2,"endTime":1903.6,"body":"woman who targeted the United States as a"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1897.2,"endTime":1903.6,"body":"human rights issue has just won the Sophie"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1903.6,"endTime":1906.4,"body":"Prize,\" and he said, \"She's doing what?\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1906.4,"endTime":1911.6,"body":"[chuckles] And then, he's telling me"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1906.4,"endTime":1911.6,"body":"this at another meeting much later on,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1911.6,"endTime":1915.2,"body":"he said, \"But then I got it right away."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1915.2,"endTime":1921.2,"body":"After I thought about it, I worked"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1915.2,"endTime":1921.2,"body":"it through, and I got it right away.\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1921.2,"endTime":1925.6,"body":"So even Amnesty was not up to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1921.2,"endTime":1925.6,"body":"speed [chuckles] with this."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1925.6,"endTime":1932.0,"body":"But then, lots of other people started to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1925.6,"endTime":1932.0,"body":"really take this on and, you know, within"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1932.0,"endTime":1934.4,"body":"five years, it became mainstream language."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1934.4,"endTime":1936.8,"body":"It wasn't just about politics anymore."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1936.8,"endTime":1940.4,"body":"It wasn't just about economics"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1936.8,"endTime":1940.4,"body":"and academics and science."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1940.4,"endTime":1942.0,"body":"It was about people."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1942.0,"endTime":1947.6,"body":"It was about culture, of people who rely"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1942.0,"endTime":1947.6,"body":"upon the wellbeing of their environment"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1947.6,"endTime":1953.2,"body":"and their land and waters to still"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1947.6,"endTime":1953.2,"body":"survive and thrive, you know, and have"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1953.2,"endTime":1959.2,"body":"their children be in safe places and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1953.2,"endTime":1959.2,"body":"spaces to learn about who they are and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1959.2,"endTime":1965.2,"body":"where they belong in this world of ours"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1959.2,"endTime":1965.2,"body":"and the larger world, [gentle music] and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1965.2,"endTime":1968.4,"body":"that's what this was all about for me."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1968.4,"endTime":1973.6,"body":"And so, it really, I found, changed"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1968.4,"endTime":1973.6,"body":"the discourse on the language of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1973.6,"endTime":1978.8,"body":"climate change in those years, and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1973.6,"endTime":1978.8,"body":"it has only escalated more and more."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1978.8,"endTime":1981.6,"body":"There are youth that have stood up."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1981.6,"endTime":1987.6,"body":"Now, if you heard, on April 9th, just"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1981.6,"endTime":1987.6,"body":"a week ago or so, the International"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1987.6,"endTime":1992.0,"body":"Court rules that Switzerland violated"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1987.6,"endTime":1992.0,"body":"human rights in a landmark climate"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1992.0,"endTime":1996.8,"body":"change case brought by 2,000 women—older"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1992.0,"endTime":1996.8,"body":"women—if you have read this rearing"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 27","startTime":1996.8,"endTime":1999.6,"body":"recently in the last week or so."},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":1999.6,"endTime":2000.4,"body":"32"},{"speaker":"David 29","startTime":2000.4,"endTime":2001.2,"body":"Oh, yes."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2001.2,"endTime":2002.4,"body":"32"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2002.4,"endTime":2008.4,"body":"And, it was the failure to tackle the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2002.4,"endTime":2008.4,"body":"climate crisis that these 2,000 women, you"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2008.4,"endTime":2011.2,"body":"know, have succeeded in that – 20 years."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2011.2,"endTime":2016.4,"body":"And, the emails started coming in"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2011.2,"endTime":2016.4,"body":"that morning, for me, from the United"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2016.4,"endTime":2021.2,"body":"States and other people, saying,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2016.4,"endTime":2021.2,"body":"\"Look what you started 20 years ago."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2021.2,"endTime":2024.8,"body":"You were ahead of your time 20 years ago.\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2024.8,"endTime":2031.2,"body":"So, for me, it's not flattering my ego;"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2024.8,"endTime":2031.2,"body":"it's touching my spirit in a way that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2031.2,"endTime":2037.2,"body":"I have tried to bring this human issue"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2031.2,"endTime":2037.2,"body":"to the world that, indeed, we must"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2037.2,"endTime":2040.0,"body":"address this as a human rights issue."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2040.0,"endTime":2044.0,"body":"And, it's the European Court"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2040.0,"endTime":2044.0,"body":"of Human Rights and France"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2044.0,"endTime":2046.0,"body":"that made this landmark ruling."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2046.0,"endTime":2051.6,"body":"So, yes, I believe that there has"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2046.0,"endTime":2051.6,"body":"been, you know, influence in the world"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2051.6,"endTime":2057.6,"body":"with the work that I did, which was"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2051.6,"endTime":2057.6,"body":"the hardest-- I would say the hardest"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2057.6,"endTime":2062.4,"body":"part of my journey—life's journey—that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2057.6,"endTime":2062.4,"body":"I've ever had to go through because"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2062.4,"endTime":2067.2,"body":"of the politics within our own"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2062.4,"endTime":2067.2,"body":"homelands and also, of course, you"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2067.2,"endTime":2070.4,"body":"know, with the United States and so on."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2070.4,"endTime":2072.4,"body":"But, I was never fearful."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2072.4,"endTime":2080.0,"body":"For some reason, I had this drive in me"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2072.4,"endTime":2080.0,"body":"in those years to just do what I need to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2080.0,"endTime":2086.8,"body":"do to protect what I love and to protect"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2080.0,"endTime":2086.8,"body":"what we love in our culture and our"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2086.8,"endTime":2093.2,"body":"children that we lose so many to high"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2086.8,"endTime":2093.2,"body":"suicide rates as a result of that history."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2093.2,"endTime":2098.8,"body":"And, as I said, you know, the land,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2093.2,"endTime":2098.8,"body":"the waters, the hunting, the skills,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2098.8,"endTime":2104.4,"body":"all of these things together really"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2098.8,"endTime":2104.4,"body":"is the solution to us, and I would"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2104.4,"endTime":2108.8,"body":"suggest that culture is our medicine,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2104.4,"endTime":2108.8,"body":"and that's what we're protecting,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2108.8,"endTime":2111.2,"body":"to fight, to keep and maintain."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2111.2,"endTime":2116.4,"body":"But, I would suggest that Indigenous"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2111.2,"endTime":2116.4,"body":"wisdom is also the medicine the world"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2116.4,"endTime":2122.0,"body":"seeks to create a sustainable world,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2116.4,"endTime":2122.0,"body":"and if people could see as much more"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2122.0,"endTime":2126.0,"body":"as teachers of sustainability and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2122.0,"endTime":2126.0,"body":"connection, rather than victims of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2126.0,"endTime":2130.0,"body":"globalization, rather than victims"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2126.0,"endTime":2130.0,"body":"of colonization, then I think we're"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2130.0,"endTime":2136.0,"body":"going to be helpful and making headway"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 29","startTime":2130.0,"endTime":2136.0,"body":"in a sustainable world for all of us."},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2136.0,"endTime":2136.8,"body":"26"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2136.8,"endTime":2142.4,"body":"We've spoken a lot about grounding your"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2136.8,"endTime":2142.4,"body":"efficacy and your work in exactly that"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2142.4,"endTime":2148.0,"body":"point – in people and their connection"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2142.4,"endTime":2148.0,"body":"with the land, with the ice, and with"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2148.0,"endTime":2154.0,"body":"their own history, and the lessons that"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2148.0,"endTime":2154.0,"body":"can come from looking at the world in"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2154.0,"endTime":2160.4,"body":"the way the Inuit do and, you know, one"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2154.0,"endTime":2160.4,"body":"of the fascinating things is that, you"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2160.4,"endTime":2166.8,"body":"know, the human rights work that you"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2160.4,"endTime":2166.8,"body":"and a small group began 20 years ago has"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2166.8,"endTime":2172.4,"body":"resulted in change to the thinking about"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2166.8,"endTime":2172.4,"body":"climate and change in this recent legal"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2172.4,"endTime":2178.4,"body":"case you cite, brought by a group of women"},{"speaker":"David 31","startTime":2172.4,"endTime":2178.4,"body":"who I think, predominantly, were older."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2178.4,"endTime":2179.6,"body":"03"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2179.6,"endTime":2180.0,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2180.0,"endTime":2180.8,"body":"That's right."},{"speaker":"David 32","startTime":2180.8,"endTime":2181.6,"body":"06"},{"speaker":"David 32","startTime":2181.6,"endTime":2188.0,"body":"What would you say to young people if you"},{"speaker":"David 32","startTime":2181.6,"endTime":2188.0,"body":"had the opportunity to give some advice?"},{"speaker":"David 32","startTime":2188.0,"endTime":2192.8,"body":"There are a huge amount of young"},{"speaker":"David 32","startTime":2188.0,"endTime":2192.8,"body":"people who are extremely concerned"},{"speaker":"David 32","startTime":2192.8,"endTime":2197.6,"body":"about climate change and are just"},{"speaker":"David 32","startTime":2192.8,"endTime":2197.6,"body":"embarking on their journey to try"},{"speaker":"David 32","startTime":2197.6,"endTime":2200.4,"body":"and make change before it's too late."},{"speaker":"David 32","startTime":2200.4,"endTime":2203.2,"body":"Do you have any thoughts for them?"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2203.2,"endTime":2204.4,"body":"27"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2204.4,"endTime":2212.0,"body":"Well, I give a lot of those thoughts when"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2204.4,"endTime":2212.0,"body":"I give my talks and I do virtual and live."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2212.0,"endTime":2215.6,"body":"I mean, since COVID,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2212.0,"endTime":2215.6,"body":"there's a lot of virtual."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2215.6,"endTime":2221.6,"body":"But, to the youth that I do speak to,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2215.6,"endTime":2221.6,"body":"because it's the women now, really--"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2221.6,"endTime":2227.2,"body":"and this is not anti-men by any means"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2221.6,"endTime":2227.2,"body":"whatsoever, but I find the mothers"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2227.2,"endTime":2232.4,"body":"of the world, the grandmothers of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2227.2,"endTime":2232.4,"body":"the world, and the youth have very"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2232.4,"endTime":2235.2,"body":"much given me a lot of inspiration."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2235.2,"endTime":2240.4,"body":"Again, it's that kind of maternal"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2235.2,"endTime":2240.4,"body":"instinct to protect, I think, as well."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2240.4,"endTime":2244.8,"body":"That's what has grounded me all"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2240.4,"endTime":2244.8,"body":"these years, all these decades"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2244.8,"endTime":2246.8,"body":"that we're doing this work."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2246.8,"endTime":2253.6,"body":"But, for the youth who are not yet mired"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2246.8,"endTime":2253.6,"body":"in the politics of things, for them, it's"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2253.6,"endTime":2258.8,"body":"very clear – this is their future we're"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2253.6,"endTime":2258.8,"body":"fooling around with, that we're tinkering"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2258.8,"endTime":2261.6,"body":"around and not finding the solutions for."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2261.6,"endTime":2267.2,"body":"And so, I get very inspired by the youth"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2261.6,"endTime":2267.2,"body":"movements that are happening around"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2267.2,"endTime":2272.8,"body":"the world, as well, because I think"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2267.2,"endTime":2272.8,"body":"that's who we're trying to leave this"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2272.8,"endTime":2279.2,"body":"legacy to is a planet that is still"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2272.8,"endTime":2279.2,"body":"healthy, and for them to feel safe in."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2279.2,"endTime":2284.4,"body":"There has been, especially since the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2279.2,"endTime":2284.4,"body":"pandemic has hit, a lot of insecurities"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2284.4,"endTime":2288.8,"body":"that have been created around climate"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2284.4,"endTime":2288.8,"body":"change because they're seeing that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2288.8,"endTime":2293.6,"body":"what happened, you know, during the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2288.8,"endTime":2293.6,"body":"pandemic, where even their own lives"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2293.6,"endTime":2298.8,"body":"and their own courses that they"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2293.6,"endTime":2298.8,"body":"take in university or their path of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2298.8,"endTime":2304.0,"body":"education has shifted, you know, in"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2298.8,"endTime":2304.0,"body":"the way they view the world today."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2304.0,"endTime":2308.4,"body":"And so, for me, I say, \"Don't"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2304.0,"endTime":2308.4,"body":"be discouraged by that."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2308.4,"endTime":2314.4,"body":"Continue to push forward and see the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2308.4,"endTime":2314.4,"body":"issues for what they are and, if you"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2314.4,"endTime":2319.2,"body":"can bypass some of the politics--"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2314.4,"endTime":2319.2,"body":"because that's kind of what I've"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2319.2,"endTime":2324.0,"body":"done to survive the last many years"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2319.2,"endTime":2324.0,"body":"that I've left elected politics."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2324.0,"endTime":2327.2,"body":"I was elected for 11 years with ICC."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2327.2,"endTime":2333.6,"body":"But, since leaving the political arena,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2327.2,"endTime":2333.6,"body":"I have felt more free to say and do what"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2333.6,"endTime":2341.2,"body":"I need to do and say, and I think, for"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2333.6,"endTime":2341.2,"body":"the youth, if they can avoid some of the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2341.2,"endTime":2348.4,"body":"politics at play, then they can do wonders"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2341.2,"endTime":2348.4,"body":"and the hope is still there to be able to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2348.4,"endTime":2351.6,"body":"shift and change the way things are done."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2351.6,"endTime":2356.8,"body":"You know, I was at a book festival"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2351.6,"endTime":2356.8,"body":"in Australia, New Zealand, way"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2356.8,"endTime":2361.6,"body":"back after my book came out at"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2356.8,"endTime":2361.6,"body":"some of these book festivals."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2361.6,"endTime":2366.8,"body":"I was on a panel with Tim Flannery,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2361.6,"endTime":2366.8,"body":"one of the greatest climatologists,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2366.8,"endTime":2372.8,"body":"with many books, and an audience member"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2366.8,"endTime":2372.8,"body":"asked him, \"What is it about us in"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2372.8,"endTime":2378.0,"body":"this world that is preventing us from"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2372.8,"endTime":2378.0,"body":"taking urgent action on climate change"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2378.0,"endTime":2381.2,"body":"when we know the science is so strong?\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2381.2,"endTime":2385.6,"body":"and I would add, collaborated by"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2381.2,"endTime":2385.6,"body":"the Indigenous knowledge and wisdom"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2385.6,"endTime":2390.8,"body":"on the actual impacts that it's"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2385.6,"endTime":2390.8,"body":"having on the ground, and when he"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2390.8,"endTime":2393.6,"body":"was asked, \"What is lacking in us?\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2393.6,"endTime":2396.0,"body":"his answer was, \"Imagination is lacking.\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2396.0,"endTime":2400.8,"body":"[gentle music] Imagine we can do things"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2396.0,"endTime":2400.8,"body":"differently, we can innovate differently,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2400.8,"endTime":2403.2,"body":"because imagination is not just dreams."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2403.2,"endTime":2408.8,"body":"It really starts to gel the ideas,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2403.2,"endTime":2408.8,"body":"as you can imagine a new world."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2408.8,"endTime":2415.2,"body":"And, all of my talks that I give now"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2408.8,"endTime":2415.2,"body":"are reimagining a new world forward with"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2415.2,"endTime":2420.8,"body":"intention, with a conscious intention to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2415.2,"endTime":2420.8,"body":"change what is happening in the Arctic and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2420.8,"endTime":2426.8,"body":"how that impacts everyone else below, you"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2420.8,"endTime":2426.8,"body":"know, in the southern parts of the world."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2426.8,"endTime":2432.0,"body":"And so, for me, don't get discouraged"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2426.8,"endTime":2432.0,"body":"by that for these changes, because"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2432.0,"endTime":2437.6,"body":"sometimes I think things have to really"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2432.0,"endTime":2437.6,"body":"break down and break apart before the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2437.6,"endTime":2439.6,"body":"real breakthroughs can come through."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2439.6,"endTime":2446.0,"body":"[music fades out] And, I try to offer"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2439.6,"endTime":2446.0,"body":"that hope because I am not a pessimist."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2446.0,"endTime":2451.2,"body":"I wouldn't be doing what I"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2446.0,"endTime":2451.2,"body":"do for 30 years if I were."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2451.2,"endTime":2457.2,"body":"I am more of an optimist because I"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2451.2,"endTime":2457.2,"body":"think that next generation will also be"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2457.2,"endTime":2462.4,"body":"thinking very creatively and innovatively"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2457.2,"endTime":2462.4,"body":"on how to address these issues of the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2462.4,"endTime":2467.2,"body":"impacts of climate change, but they"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2462.4,"endTime":2467.2,"body":"will do it without being paralyzed"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2467.2,"endTime":2470.0,"body":"or pulled down by politics of things."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 32","startTime":2470.0,"endTime":2472.0,"body":"That's my take on it."},{"speaker":"David 36","startTime":2472.0,"endTime":2472.8,"body":"10"},{"speaker":"David 36","startTime":2472.8,"endTime":2476.0,"body":"C40 is an organization of"},{"speaker":"David 36","startTime":2472.8,"endTime":2476.0,"body":"currently-elected politicians, mayors."},{"speaker":"David 36","startTime":2476.0,"endTime":2480.4,"body":"Any lessons you would give to"},{"speaker":"David 36","startTime":2476.0,"endTime":2480.4,"body":"mayors and city governments they"},{"speaker":"David 36","startTime":2480.4,"endTime":2485.2,"body":"lead from your cultural and climate"},{"speaker":"David 36","startTime":2480.4,"endTime":2485.2,"body":"activism, and how they might apply"},{"speaker":"David 36","startTime":2485.2,"endTime":2487.6,"body":"those lessons in an urban context?"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2487.6,"endTime":2488.8,"body":"28"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2488.8,"endTime":2494.8,"body":"I think, when it comes down to it,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2488.8,"endTime":2494.8,"body":"whether you are a mayor, whether you"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2494.8,"endTime":2500.0,"body":"are an administrator, whether you're"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2494.8,"endTime":2500.0,"body":"a politician, at the end of the day"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2500.0,"endTime":2502.8,"body":"we are just people who are parents."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2502.8,"endTime":2508.8,"body":"And, for me, it comes down to the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2502.8,"endTime":2508.8,"body":"personal level of, \"How do we live"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2508.8,"endTime":2514.4,"body":"in our families, with our families,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2508.8,"endTime":2514.4,"body":"how do we live in our work, how"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2514.4,"endTime":2518.8,"body":"do we live in our municipalities,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2514.4,"endTime":2518.8,"body":"in our country, all around?\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2518.8,"endTime":2524.0,"body":"[delicate music] But, it comes down"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2518.8,"endTime":2524.0,"body":"to us and I always say, \"Personal"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2524.0,"endTime":2530.0,"body":"transformation is the way to go,\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2524.0,"endTime":2530.0,"body":"and, if I may, I just want to share"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2530.0,"endTime":2536.4,"body":"this quote that has been with me for"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2530.0,"endTime":2536.4,"body":"a long, long time that has helped me"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2536.4,"endTime":2542.8,"body":"to see and remain grounded, no matter"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2536.4,"endTime":2542.8,"body":"where I go in terms of my life's work."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2542.8,"endTime":2547.6,"body":"I don't separate my life and my"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2542.8,"endTime":2547.6,"body":"life's work, and so, \"Personal"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2547.6,"endTime":2551.6,"body":"transformation--\"you know, which"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2547.6,"endTime":2551.6,"body":"is a quote that I've always used,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2551.6,"endTime":2554.8,"body":"\"Personal transformation can"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2551.6,"endTime":2554.8,"body":"and does have global effects."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2554.8,"endTime":2562.0,"body":"As we go, so goes the world for the world"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2554.8,"endTime":2562.0,"body":"is us, and the revolution that will save"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2562.0,"endTime":2564.8,"body":"the world is ultimately a personal one.\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2564.8,"endTime":2567.2,"body":"So, it does start with us."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2567.2,"endTime":2572.0,"body":"It starts on a very personal"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2567.2,"endTime":2572.0,"body":"level in terms of changing and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2572.0,"endTime":2574.8,"body":"shifting the way in which we think."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2574.8,"endTime":2580.4,"body":"But, I also say too, we can no"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2574.8,"endTime":2580.4,"body":"longer think our way through this."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2580.4,"endTime":2586.4,"body":"We need to feel our way through and,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2580.4,"endTime":2586.4,"body":"if you've been to all these global"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2586.4,"endTime":2590.0,"body":"negotiations and big meetings,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2586.4,"endTime":2590.0,"body":"corporate meetings, there often is"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2590.0,"endTime":2596.8,"body":"no heartbeat to any of that, and so"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2590.0,"endTime":2596.8,"body":"we've got to bring it back to the place"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2596.8,"endTime":2602.8,"body":"and space where all change can happen"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2596.8,"endTime":2602.8,"body":"and that is the heart – not just the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2602.8,"endTime":2605.2,"body":"thinking through all of these things."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2605.2,"endTime":2608.0,"body":"[music continues] Many people go to these."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2608.0,"endTime":2612.8,"body":"You know 20,000 people often go"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2608.0,"endTime":2612.8,"body":"to these COP meetings with the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2612.8,"endTime":2617.6,"body":"intention to fight for status quo,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2612.8,"endTime":2617.6,"body":"not for a real effective change."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2617.6,"endTime":2621.2,"body":"And so, it's a competitive"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2617.6,"endTime":2621.2,"body":"world we live in."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2621.2,"endTime":2627.6,"body":"If you don't mind, I was asked to do a"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2621.2,"endTime":2627.6,"body":"virtual talk to scientists, you know,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2627.6,"endTime":2633.2,"body":"during COVID times, and I was still"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2627.6,"endTime":2633.2,"body":"in the Arctic at the time, living"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2633.2,"endTime":2635.6,"body":"there in Kuujjuaq, in my hometown."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2635.6,"endTime":2640.0,"body":"I was asked to speak to 1,200"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2635.6,"endTime":2640.0,"body":"scientists virtually, from 37"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2640.0,"endTime":2644.4,"body":"countries, at this Arctic Science"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2640.0,"endTime":2644.4,"body":"Summit that was hosted by Portugal."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2644.4,"endTime":2649.2,"body":"[music fades out] So, I said,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2644.4,"endTime":2649.2,"body":"\"You know, this is the pandemic."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2649.2,"endTime":2654.8,"body":"This is the time that we're trying to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2649.2,"endTime":2654.8,"body":"get the universe and whoever-- however"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2654.8,"endTime":2661.6,"body":"we call, you know, this power that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2654.8,"endTime":2661.6,"body":"exists in all of us to see and do things"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2661.6,"endTime":2663.6,"body":"differently from a new perspective."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2663.6,"endTime":2666.0,"body":"This is a pause we needed.\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2666.0,"endTime":2670.8,"body":"You know, when pollution went down almost"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2666.0,"endTime":2670.8,"body":"overnight when all these unsustainable"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2670.8,"endTime":2674.8,"body":"activities occurred, when animals"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2670.8,"endTime":2674.8,"body":"surfaced where they've never been for"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2674.8,"endTime":2680.8,"body":"decades, not to say that CO2 lowered,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2674.8,"endTime":2680.8,"body":"but the pollution did, and we saw a"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2680.8,"endTime":2686.0,"body":"glimpse of what could be if unsustainable"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2680.8,"endTime":2686.0,"body":"activities were put to a minimum."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2686.0,"endTime":2692.8,"body":"And so, that gave us a sense of, \"Oh,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2686.0,"endTime":2692.8,"body":"this is the reflective time for all of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2692.8,"endTime":2700.0,"body":"us to take,\" and as hard as it was for"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2692.8,"endTime":2700.0,"body":"me as an independent, I took that time"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2700.0,"endTime":2706.0,"body":"as well to really reflect on deepening"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2700.0,"endTime":2706.0,"body":"my journey with the work that I do."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2706.0,"endTime":2712.4,"body":"And so, I said, \"I need to get to the"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2706.0,"endTime":2712.4,"body":"scientists who often come up north,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2712.4,"endTime":2717.2,"body":"you know, and many, many decades"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2712.4,"endTime":2717.2,"body":"now have researched us to death,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2717.2,"endTime":2723.2,"body":"and so it's time to research us back"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2717.2,"endTime":2723.2,"body":"to life, really, in the right way.\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2723.2,"endTime":2729.2,"body":"And so, scientists come up north and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2723.2,"endTime":2729.2,"body":"they come in the spring and leave in"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2729.2,"endTime":2735.2,"body":"the fall like the geese, you know,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2729.2,"endTime":2735.2,"body":"and then we never know what kind of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2735.2,"endTime":2740.4,"body":"research they're using that for, and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2735.2,"endTime":2740.4,"body":"it doesn't benefit back to the people,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2740.4,"endTime":2745.6,"body":"although the guidelines are much better"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2740.4,"endTime":2745.6,"body":"today than they were in the past."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2745.6,"endTime":2750.4,"body":"Anyway, I came across this quote"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2745.6,"endTime":2750.4,"body":"from one of their own scientists,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2750.4,"endTime":2755.6,"body":"which you may have heard of – Gus"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2750.4,"endTime":2755.6,"body":"Speth from the United States, and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2755.6,"endTime":2760.8,"body":"Gus said this – he said, \"I used to"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2755.6,"endTime":2760.8,"body":"think that top environmental problems"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2760.8,"endTime":2764.0,"body":"were biodiversity loss, environmental"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2760.8,"endTime":2764.0,"body":"collapse, and climate change."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2764.0,"endTime":2769.2,"body":"I thought that, with 30 years of"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2764.0,"endTime":2769.2,"body":"good science, we could address these"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2769.2,"endTime":2772.0,"body":"problems, but I was wrong,\" he said."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2772.0,"endTime":2776.0,"body":"The top environmental problems are"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2772.0,"endTime":2776.0,"body":"selfishness, greed, and apathy, and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2776.0,"endTime":2781.2,"body":"to deal with these we need a spiritual"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2776.0,"endTime":2781.2,"body":"and cultural transformation, and we"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2781.2,"endTime":2784.0,"body":"scientists don't know how to do that.\""},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2784.0,"endTime":2790.4,"body":"And so, it's really important, I think,"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2784.0,"endTime":2790.4,"body":"for us to shift the way in which we"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2790.4,"endTime":2796.0,"body":"do things by actually changing our own"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2790.4,"endTime":2796.0,"body":"values and our own spiritual and cultural"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2796.0,"endTime":2798.0,"body":"transformation that has to happen."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2798.0,"endTime":2802.4,"body":"So, whether you're a mayor, and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2798.0,"endTime":2802.4,"body":"[chuckling] especially if you're a"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2802.4,"endTime":2808.0,"body":"mayor, you know, and heading cities that"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2802.4,"endTime":2808.0,"body":"are trying to make a difference, then"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2808.0,"endTime":2812.8,"body":"let's tap into those places and spaces"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2808.0,"endTime":2812.8,"body":"within ourselves that need transforming"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2812.8,"endTime":2818.4,"body":"so that we can transform our external"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2812.8,"endTime":2818.4,"body":"world as the important work that we"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2818.4,"endTime":2821.2,"body":"do in trying to make these shifts."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2821.2,"endTime":2824.4,"body":"[driving, pensive music]"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 36","startTime":2821.2,"endTime":2824.4,"body":"That's my take on that."},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2824.4,"endTime":2825.2,"body":"56"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2825.2,"endTime":2830.4,"body":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier, thank you so"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2825.2,"endTime":2830.4,"body":"very much for being willing and open to"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2830.4,"endTime":2833.2,"body":"share your thoughts with us on Cities."},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2833.2,"endTime":2833.6,"body":"1.5."},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2833.6,"endTime":2838.4,"body":"But, more importantly, thank you for"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2833.6,"endTime":2838.4,"body":"your wisdom and for your leadership"},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2838.4,"endTime":2841.2,"body":"and advocacy over the past many years."},{"speaker":"David 40","startTime":2841.2,"endTime":2842.0,"body":"Thank you."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 41","startTime":2842.0,"endTime":2843.2,"body":"13"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 41","startTime":2843.2,"endTime":2844.4,"body":"Thank you, David."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 41","startTime":2844.4,"endTime":2846.0,"body":"It's been a pleasure."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 41","startTime":2846.0,"endTime":2851.2,"body":"And, all the best to you and"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 41","startTime":2846.0,"endTime":2851.2,"body":"to all the mayors that are"},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 41","startTime":2851.2,"endTime":2853.6,"body":"trying to make their mark there."},{"speaker":"Sheila Watt-Cloutier 41","startTime":2853.6,"endTime":2855.2,"body":"[music continues then ends]"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2855.2,"endTime":2856.0,"body":"24"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2856.0,"endTime":2860.8,"body":"[energetic, upbeat music] We said,"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2856.0,"endTime":2860.8,"body":"last episode, that we need to listen"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2860.8,"endTime":2866.8,"body":"to the people of the Arctic in order to"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2860.8,"endTime":2866.8,"body":"understand the gravity of climate impacts"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2866.8,"endTime":2872.8,"body":"that have already begun to take hold in"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2866.8,"endTime":2872.8,"body":"that region, to people like Sheila who"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2872.8,"endTime":2878.8,"body":"have been speaking for the Arctic already"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2872.8,"endTime":2878.8,"body":"for many years, and who continue to fight."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2878.8,"endTime":2884.8,"body":"The rest of the world sees the second-hand"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2878.8,"endTime":2884.8,"body":"impacts that a melting polar ice cap"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2884.8,"endTime":2887.6,"body":"creates—rising oceans, disappearing"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2884.8,"endTime":2887.6,"body":"shorelines, and skyrocketing global"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2887.6,"endTime":2891.6,"body":"temperatures—but the Indigenous"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2887.6,"endTime":2891.6,"body":"communities of the Arctic region saw the"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2891.6,"endTime":2898.4,"body":"writing on the wall decades before the"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2891.6,"endTime":2898.4,"body":"rest of us and there's a lot more at stake"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2898.4,"endTime":2904.8,"body":"than just ice if we don't transition away"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2898.4,"endTime":2904.8,"body":"from fossil fuels now, in order to save,"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2904.8,"endTime":2908.0,"body":"not just the north, but the entire planet."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2908.0,"endTime":2909.6,"body":"[music continues then ends]"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2909.6,"endTime":2914.8,"body":"[Cities 1.5 main theme music] On the"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2909.6,"endTime":2914.8,"body":"next episode of Cities 1.5, learn"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2914.8,"endTime":2920.0,"body":"how the Mayor of Montréal, Valerie"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2914.8,"endTime":2920.0,"body":"Plante is guiding her city on the"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2920.0,"endTime":2921.6,"body":"path towards decarbonizing buildings."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2921.6,"endTime":2925.6,"body":"I'll also speak with Frankie"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2921.6,"endTime":2925.6,"body":"Downy, the Head of Building"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2925.6,"endTime":2927.6,"body":"Strategy and Implementation at C40."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2927.6,"endTime":2930.0,"body":"You won't want to miss it."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2930.0,"endTime":2934.8,"body":"[Cities 1.5 main theme music] This"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2930.0,"endTime":2934.8,"body":"has been Cities 1.5, leading global"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2934.8,"endTime":2936.8,"body":"change through local climate action."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2936.8,"endTime":2938.0,"body":"I'm David Miller."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2938.0,"endTime":2943.6,"body":"I was the Mayor of Toronto, Canada,"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2938.0,"endTime":2943.6,"body":"and I know, firsthand, the role cities"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2943.6,"endTime":2946.4,"body":"can play in solving the climate crisis."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2946.4,"endTime":2952.0,"body":"I'm the Editor in Chief of the Journal"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2946.4,"endTime":2952.0,"body":"of City Climate Policy and Economy,"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2952.0,"endTime":2957.2,"body":"published by the University of Toronto"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2952.0,"endTime":2957.2,"body":"Press in collaboration with the C40 Centre"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2957.2,"endTime":2962.0,"body":"for City Climate Policy and Economy,"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2957.2,"endTime":2962.0,"body":"where I'm also the Managing Director."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2962.0,"endTime":2967.2,"body":"C40's mission is to help our member"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2962.0,"endTime":2967.2,"body":"cities halve their emissions within a"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2967.2,"endTime":2971.2,"body":"decade, while improving equity, building"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2967.2,"endTime":2971.2,"body":"resilience, and creating the conditions"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2971.2,"endTime":2973.2,"body":"for everyone, everywhere to thrive."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2973.2,"endTime":2978.0,"body":"[music continues] Cities 1.5 is produced"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2973.2,"endTime":2978.0,"body":"by University of Toronto Press in"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2978.0,"endTime":2983.2,"body":"association with the Journal of City"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2978.0,"endTime":2983.2,"body":"Climate Policy and Economy and C40 Cities."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2983.2,"endTime":2987.6,"body":"This podcast is produced by Jessica"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2983.2,"endTime":2987.6,"body":"Schmidt, and our executive producers"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2987.6,"endTime":2990.0,"body":"are Peggy Whitfield and Dali Carmichael."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2990.0,"endTime":2992.4,"body":"Our music is by Lorna Gilfedder."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2992.4,"endTime":2997.6,"body":"The fight for an equitable and resilient"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2992.4,"endTime":2997.6,"body":"world is closer than you think."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2997.6,"endTime":3002.4,"body":"To learn more, visit the show's"},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":2997.6,"endTime":3002.4,"body":"website, linked in the episode notes."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":3002.4,"endTime":3004.0,"body":"See you next time."},{"speaker":"David 41","startTime":3004.0,"endTime":3006.4,"body":"[main theme music continues then ends]"}]}