{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.24,"endTime":5.34,"body":", the people that come to visit with the"},{"startTime":0.24,"endTime":5.34,"body":"mentality that them visiting Hawaii"},{"startTime":5.7,"endTime":10.65,"body":"is helping us, is giving us a job"},{"startTime":5.7,"endTime":10.65,"body":"or putting money into our economy."},{"startTime":11.13,"endTime":14.79,"body":"And so a lot of times it comes with"},{"startTime":11.13,"endTime":14.79,"body":"this, with this big sense of entitlement."},{"startTime":14.85,"endTime":14.94,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":15.24,"endTime":20.34,"body":"that to bend the way we live"},{"startTime":15.24,"endTime":20.34,"body":"or give them special access"},{"startTime":20.64,"endTime":22.02,"body":"because they're doing us a favor."},{"startTime":22.5,"endTime":27.72,"body":"And I think if they were to know"},{"startTime":22.5,"endTime":27.72,"body":"that Hawaii is a home with a history"},{"startTime":27.725,"endTime":30.57,"body":"and a, and a culture, I think they"},{"startTime":27.725,"endTime":30.57,"body":"would see us in a different light."},{"startTime":31.17,"endTime":33.18,"body":"And I, I feel like they would come."},{"startTime":33.72,"endTime":35.67,"body":"With a lot more respect."},{"startTime":39.99,"endTime":43.77,"body":"Welcome to Reconsider Everything,"},{"startTime":39.99,"endTime":43.77,"body":"a podcast that dives into the"},{"startTime":43.77,"endTime":47.73,"body":"impact of how American history"},{"startTime":43.77,"endTime":47.73,"body":"is and isn't taught in the us."},{"startTime":48.33,"endTime":51.21,"body":"The lack of multicultural history"},{"startTime":48.33,"endTime":51.21,"body":"taught in schools has been brought"},{"startTime":51.215,"endTime":54.48,"body":"up more and more the past few"},{"startTime":51.215,"endTime":54.48,"body":"years in mainstream conversations."},{"startTime":54.99,"endTime":57.75,"body":"What have you ever thought about what"},{"startTime":54.99,"endTime":57.75,"body":"that means for those whose history has"},{"startTime":57.755,"endTime":63.0,"body":"not been told or celebrated for centuries"},{"startTime":57.755,"endTime":63.0,"body":"this season, every week, you will hear"},{"startTime":63.005,"endTime":67.05,"body":"stories from people of various backgrounds"},{"startTime":63.005,"endTime":67.05,"body":"who answer that question and gain"},{"startTime":67.055,"endTime":68.91,"body":"insight from those working in education."},{"startTime":69.63,"endTime":73.2,"body":"I'm your host, Marissa Nichol, and"},{"startTime":69.63,"endTime":73.2,"body":"this is just the beginning of what"},{"startTime":73.2,"endTime":75.15,"body":"I call the American History Project."},{"startTime":75.75,"endTime":78.99,"body":"Hopefully, you'll learn a lot of new"},{"startTime":75.75,"endTime":78.99,"body":"history that will make you reconsider"},{"startTime":78.99,"endTime":82.53,"body":"everything you know and the empathy"},{"startTime":78.99,"endTime":82.53,"body":"you have for the people around you."},{"startTime":86.76,"endTime":89.31,"body":"When's the last time you"},{"startTime":86.76,"endTime":89.31,"body":"went to Hawaii for vacation?"},{"startTime":90.15,"endTime":92.039,"body":"Are you thinking of"},{"startTime":90.15,"endTime":92.039,"body":"going in the near future?"},{"startTime":93.419,"endTime":96.869,"body":"In 2019, over 10 million"},{"startTime":93.419,"endTime":96.869,"body":"visitors arrived in Hawaii."},{"startTime":97.83,"endTime":101.429,"body":"That tourism generated over 2"},{"startTime":97.83,"endTime":101.429,"body":"billion in state tax revenue."},{"startTime":103.08,"endTime":106.77,"body":"When tourism began to rise again after"},{"startTime":103.08,"endTime":106.77,"body":"the start of the Covid 19 pandemic."},{"startTime":107.22,"endTime":111.84,"body":"Over 700,000 people traveled to Hawaii"},{"startTime":107.22,"endTime":111.84,"body":"by air Service in the month of December,"},{"startTime":111.84,"endTime":114.72,"body":"2021, primarily from the United States."},{"startTime":117.57,"endTime":119.729,"body":"The first time I went to Hawaii, I was 19."},{"startTime":120.21,"endTime":123.539,"body":"I met locals and knew I should be"},{"startTime":120.21,"endTime":123.539,"body":"respectful to them in their land, but"},{"startTime":123.539,"endTime":125.16,"body":"I wasn't exactly sure how to do that."},{"startTime":125.94,"endTime":126.66,"body":"To be honest."},{"startTime":126.899,"endTime":128.97,"body":"I didn't know anything"},{"startTime":126.899,"endTime":128.97,"body":"about the history of Hawaii."},{"startTime":128.97,"endTime":130.38,"body":"Its people or its culture."},{"startTime":131.37,"endTime":135.269,"body":"All I knew growing up is that"},{"startTime":131.37,"endTime":135.269,"body":"it is America's 50th state, and"},{"startTime":135.269,"endTime":136.859,"body":"nothing ever made me question why."},{"startTime":138.24,"endTime":141.959,"body":"I don't even remember learning"},{"startTime":138.24,"endTime":141.959,"body":"that Hawaii became a state in 1959."},{"startTime":142.53,"endTime":143.85,"body":"That's not that long ago."},{"startTime":144.359,"endTime":147.329,"body":"That may have been told to me in"},{"startTime":144.359,"endTime":147.329,"body":"school, but not in a way that was"},{"startTime":147.329,"endTime":150.78,"body":"impactful enough for me to understand"},{"startTime":147.329,"endTime":150.78,"body":"that Hawaii's path to becoming a state."},{"startTime":151.05,"endTime":155.43,"body":"Started with an illegal act of war"},{"startTime":151.05,"endTime":155.43,"body":"and that Hawaiians are still seeking"},{"startTime":155.43,"endTime":156.96,"body":"sovereignty from the US government."},{"startTime":156.96,"endTime":161.22,"body":"Today, native Hawaiians are also"},{"startTime":156.96,"endTime":161.22,"body":"facing homelessness, health,"},{"startTime":161.25,"endTime":164.64,"body":"schooling, and incarceration"},{"startTime":161.25,"endTime":164.64,"body":"issues as a result of colonization."},{"startTime":166.32,"endTime":169.41,"body":"I wanted to end the season with"},{"startTime":166.32,"endTime":169.41,"body":"the story of Hawaii because it is a"},{"startTime":169.415,"endTime":173.28,"body":"representation of how we are not far"},{"startTime":169.415,"endTime":173.28,"body":"removed from early American actions"},{"startTime":174.06,"endTime":177.6,"body":"and how we as Americans can be so"},{"startTime":174.06,"endTime":177.6,"body":"oblivious to that while we vacation"},{"startTime":177.6,"endTime":181.56,"body":"inside of hotel rooms built on top of"},{"startTime":177.6,"endTime":181.56,"body":"Hawaiian land and never question how"},{"startTime":181.56,"endTime":183.36,"body":"we are able to do that so effortlessly."},{"startTime":184.8,"endTime":188.49,"body":"For this episode, I spoke to Davana"},{"startTime":184.8,"endTime":188.49,"body":"McGregor about the history of the"},{"startTime":188.49,"endTime":190.079,"body":"overthrow of Hawaii's monarchy."},{"startTime":191.13,"endTime":194.82,"body":"She is a founding member and professor"},{"startTime":191.13,"endTime":194.82,"body":"of the ethnic studies department and"},{"startTime":194.82,"endTime":198.63,"body":"the director of the Center for Oral"},{"startTime":194.82,"endTime":198.63,"body":"History at University of Hawaii Monoa."},{"startTime":200.76,"endTime":202.2,"body":"I also spoke to Russell Sub."},{"startTime":203.475,"endTime":205.185,"body":"He's the executive producer of Hawaii."},{"startTime":205.215,"endTime":210.795,"body":"Public Radios show the conversation, which"},{"startTime":205.215,"endTime":210.795,"body":"covers perspectives on life in Hawaii and"},{"startTime":210.795,"endTime":212.445,"body":"issues that have not yet reached Hawaii."},{"startTime":213.435,"endTime":216.734,"body":"We got into how tourism impacts"},{"startTime":213.435,"endTime":216.734,"body":"native Hawaiians and how he learned"},{"startTime":216.734,"endTime":218.145,"body":"of Hawaii's history with the us."},{"startTime":218.145,"endTime":223.095,"body":"As someone who grew up there to"},{"startTime":218.145,"endTime":223.095,"body":"understand the overthrow of Hawaii's"},{"startTime":223.095,"endTime":227.144,"body":"government, we must look further back"},{"startTime":223.095,"endTime":227.144,"body":"at the events that led up to that point."},{"startTime":228.195,"endTime":231.345,"body":"Hawaii was a nation before the"},{"startTime":228.195,"endTime":231.345,"body":"formation of the United States."},{"startTime":232.035,"endTime":235.394,"body":"The islands were organized for purposes"},{"startTime":232.035,"endTime":235.394,"body":"of stewardship and cultivation."},{"startTime":235.394,"endTime":240.525,"body":"Around 1000 AD when chiefs began to occupy"},{"startTime":235.394,"endTime":240.525,"body":"and consolidate them into large districts."},{"startTime":241.305,"endTime":244.845,"body":"Centuries later, district chiefs"},{"startTime":241.305,"endTime":244.845,"body":"formed island councils to manage"},{"startTime":244.845,"endTime":248.055,"body":"the irrigation, network production,"},{"startTime":244.845,"endTime":248.055,"body":"and a stable supply of fish."},{"startTime":249.315,"endTime":253.935,"body":"Fast forward to 1778, the first"},{"startTime":249.315,"endTime":253.935,"body":"documented contact for trade and commerce."},{"startTime":254.715,"endTime":258.404,"body":"Chiefs traded to accumulate"},{"startTime":254.715,"endTime":258.404,"body":"guns and warships and king Kaha"},{"startTime":258.409,"endTime":261.195,"body":"Meha conquered and consolidated"},{"startTime":258.409,"endTime":261.195,"body":"all the islands under his rule."},{"startTime":261.96,"endTime":267.9,"body":"Hawaii had a central government for the"},{"startTime":261.96,"endTime":267.9,"body":"islands by 1810, this led to a period"},{"startTime":267.9,"endTime":271.11,"body":"when Hawaii engaged in trade that"},{"startTime":267.9,"endTime":271.11,"body":"shipped out of New England America,"},{"startTime":271.26,"endTime":273.24,"body":"great Britain, France, and Russia."},{"startTime":274.65,"endTime":277.44,"body":"Davana shared insight into the"},{"startTime":274.65,"endTime":277.44,"body":"impact of this time period."},{"startTime":279.0,"endTime":283.68,"body":"We were very isolated, we're the most"},{"startTime":279.0,"endTime":283.68,"body":"isolated land mass in the world, and there"},{"startTime":283.68,"endTime":286.11,"body":"were no introduced diseases until trade."},{"startTime":286.39,"endTime":286.67,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":286.92,"endTime":291.63,"body":". And in 1804 there was a cholera"},{"startTime":286.92,"endTime":291.63,"body":"pandemic emanating out of India."},{"startTime":292.26,"endTime":296.97,"body":"And our historians document"},{"startTime":292.26,"endTime":296.97,"body":"that half the population died."},{"startTime":297.39,"endTime":302.73,"body":"Oh, and I, before this recent pandemic,"},{"startTime":297.39,"endTime":302.73,"body":"I, I had a hard time fating that,"},{"startTime":302.79,"endTime":305.07,"body":"but I can understand how that mm-hmm."},{"startTime":305.34,"endTime":310.35,"body":"was possible in that half the"},{"startTime":305.34,"endTime":310.35,"body":"population died, but, uh, that affected."},{"startTime":311.534,"endTime":316.304,"body":"Even our king had the first contracted"},{"startTime":311.534,"endTime":316.304,"body":"cholera, but he was able to survive it."},{"startTime":316.304,"endTime":321.655,"body":"But many of his generals, his,"},{"startTime":316.304,"endTime":321.655,"body":"his key leaders did contract"},{"startTime":321.655,"endTime":323.174,"body":"the disease and didn't survive."},{"startTime":323.474,"endTime":326.715,"body":"So it had a huge impact"},{"startTime":323.474,"endTime":326.715,"body":"on our, on our, on Hawaii."},{"startTime":327.224,"endTime":331.275,"body":"Uh, and then also just the, the"},{"startTime":327.224,"endTime":331.275,"body":"introduction of the guns and the"},{"startTime":331.275,"endTime":333.674,"body":"increasing wars for the conquest."},{"startTime":334.275,"endTime":339.825,"body":"Um, a lot of our chief ruling chiefs,"},{"startTime":334.275,"endTime":339.825,"body":"especially here on Oahu, were, were"},{"startTime":339.825,"endTime":345.765,"body":"killed off in that rise to power and the"},{"startTime":339.825,"endTime":345.765,"body":"establishment of essential government."},{"startTime":346.335,"endTime":352.65,"body":"And so, um, When the king died, when"},{"startTime":346.335,"endTime":352.65,"body":"first died, the successors didn't"},{"startTime":352.65,"endTime":356.58,"body":"know if they could sustain the central"},{"startTime":352.65,"endTime":356.58,"body":"government, and they anticipated that"},{"startTime":356.58,"endTime":361.71,"body":"they would have challenges from rival"},{"startTime":356.58,"endTime":361.71,"body":"chiefs and those who, whose sons now"},{"startTime":361.86,"endTime":363.54,"body":"who, whose fathers had been killed."},{"startTime":363.54,"endTime":364.98,"body":"But the sons now are ruling."},{"startTime":365.55,"endTime":370.95,"body":"And what the successors did was the"},{"startTime":365.55,"endTime":370.95,"body":"abolished the religious system that"},{"startTime":372.03,"endTime":374.25,"body":"established the divinity of the chiefs."},{"startTime":374.61,"endTime":378.39,"body":"And by taking away the divinity"},{"startTime":374.61,"endTime":378.39,"body":"of their rivals, they now, the"},{"startTime":378.39,"endTime":382.02,"body":"system of rule was based on force."},{"startTime":382.35,"endTime":385.47,"body":"Who had the strong, who had"},{"startTime":382.35,"endTime":385.47,"body":"the most weapons, who had the"},{"startTime":385.47,"endTime":387.06,"body":"be better military strength."},{"startTime":387.81,"endTime":392.43,"body":"And so they, they, all these changes"},{"startTime":387.81,"endTime":392.43,"body":"happen in, within the first 50 years"},{"startTime":392.43,"endTime":399.27,"body":"of contact, a new, a new governance"},{"startTime":392.43,"endTime":399.27,"body":"system, uh, the de decimation of"},{"startTime":399.27,"endTime":403.29,"body":"our population, the loss of families"},{"startTime":399.27,"endTime":403.29,"body":"in some districts, whole districts."},{"startTime":403.65,"endTime":409.74,"body":"Now abandoned, um, but also the,"},{"startTime":403.65,"endTime":409.74,"body":"um, abandonment of the religion."},{"startTime":410.219,"endTime":414.39,"body":"And then in 1820, the year after the"},{"startTime":410.219,"endTime":414.39,"body":"abandonment, the first missionaries"},{"startTime":414.39,"endTime":418.98,"body":"arrived to start to convert, first"},{"startTime":414.39,"endTime":418.98,"body":"the chiefs and then the people to,"},{"startTime":419.07,"endTime":425.76,"body":"to Christianity at the same time,"},{"startTime":419.07,"endTime":425.76,"body":"beginning in 1820, the whaling"},{"startTime":425.76,"endTime":429.3,"body":"industry operating out of Hawaii"},{"startTime":425.76,"endTime":429.3,"body":"became a huge part of their economy."},{"startTime":429.87,"endTime":433.23,"body":"The trade merchants who were foreign to"},{"startTime":429.87,"endTime":433.23,"body":"Hawaii became residents of the islands"},{"startTime":433.23,"endTime":437.039,"body":"and demanded rights of citizenship and"},{"startTime":433.23,"endTime":437.039,"body":"the ability to own private property."},{"startTime":438.885,"endTime":443.655,"body":"So this puts a lot of pressure"},{"startTime":438.885,"endTime":443.655,"body":"on now, Kaha iii, the the"},{"startTime":443.655,"endTime":445.905,"body":"second son of Kaha to rule."},{"startTime":446.445,"endTime":452.575,"body":"And he agrees with the advice of"},{"startTime":446.445,"endTime":452.575,"body":"the missionaries and others merchant"},{"startTime":452.815,"endTime":458.025,"body":"interests that if he establishes a"},{"startTime":452.815,"endTime":458.025,"body":"constitutional form of governance, that"},{"startTime":458.055,"endTime":464.055,"body":"the, the countries that are dealing"},{"startTime":458.055,"endTime":464.055,"body":"with the Hawaii through gun votes will"},{"startTime":464.055,"endTime":468.855,"body":"begin to establish more diplomatic"},{"startTime":464.055,"endTime":468.855,"body":"relations, uh, on a basis of equality."},{"startTime":469.395,"endTime":473.895,"body":"And so in 1840, king, remember,"},{"startTime":469.395,"endTime":473.895,"body":"the thirds adopts a constitution"},{"startTime":474.465,"endTime":476.385,"body":"and Hawaii becomes a republic."},{"startTime":476.835,"endTime":482.895,"body":"And in 1842, the United States"},{"startTime":476.835,"endTime":482.895,"body":"extends recognition of Hawaii as"},{"startTime":482.895,"endTime":487.455,"body":"an independent country and signs a"},{"startTime":482.895,"endTime":487.455,"body":"treaty of trade and commerce and,"},{"startTime":487.485,"endTime":490.185,"body":"you know, on a basis of equality."},{"startTime":490.545,"endTime":493.495,"body":"And then Great Britain and"},{"startTime":490.545,"endTime":493.495,"body":"France sign treaties of, in."},{"startTime":494.385,"endTime":500.355,"body":"Recognizing the independence of Hawaii"},{"startTime":494.385,"endTime":500.355,"body":"in 1843 and other European countries,"},{"startTime":500.355,"endTime":506.055,"body":"Belgium, Germany, and then Asia,"},{"startTime":500.355,"endTime":506.055,"body":"Japan, China, all signed treaties"},{"startTime":506.475,"endTime":508.155,"body":"recognizing the independence of Hawaii."},{"startTime":509.235,"endTime":514.635,"body":"And at that time, the, through that"},{"startTime":509.235,"endTime":514.635,"body":"process, the constitutional monarchy"},{"startTime":514.635,"endTime":521.385,"body":"eventually by 1845, allows foreigners"},{"startTime":514.635,"endTime":521.385,"body":"to become naturalized citizens."},{"startTime":521.534,"endTime":528.405,"body":"In fact, many foreigners become part"},{"startTime":521.534,"endTime":528.405,"body":"of the executive as cabinet members and"},{"startTime":528.975,"endTime":531.765,"body":"and also very active in the legislature."},{"startTime":532.125,"endTime":537.285,"body":"Even though they make up 10% of"},{"startTime":532.125,"endTime":537.285,"body":"the population, they made up like"},{"startTime":537.315,"endTime":539.625,"body":"almost 30% of the legislature."},{"startTime":540.015,"endTime":542.685,"body":"And then were active as cabinet ministers."},{"startTime":542.955,"endTime":550.965,"body":"So they're also steering the government"},{"startTime":542.955,"endTime":550.965,"body":"to sustain a capitalist economy."},{"startTime":551.97,"endTime":558.51,"body":"So eventually private property,"},{"startTime":551.97,"endTime":558.51,"body":"which is a core, uh, need of the, uh,"},{"startTime":558.69,"endTime":565.95,"body":"of capitalism now gets established"},{"startTime":558.69,"endTime":565.95,"body":"eventually with the, um, establishment"},{"startTime":565.95,"endTime":568.11,"body":"of a system of private land ownership."},{"startTime":568.59,"endTime":575.76,"body":"This also frees the labor service of"},{"startTime":568.59,"endTime":575.76,"body":"the Hawaiians, and only about 30% of the"},{"startTime":576.63,"endTime":579.45,"body":"broader population in Hawaii get land."},{"startTime":579.63,"endTime":584.55,"body":"All of the chiefs get private land, but"},{"startTime":579.63,"endTime":584.55,"body":"a, a large number of native Hawaiians"},{"startTime":585.33,"endTime":589.34,"body":"are dislocated from their lands, and now"},{"startTime":585.33,"endTime":589.34,"body":"they have to hire themselves out to work."},{"startTime":589.74,"endTime":595.65,"body":"So the, the whole system is changing"},{"startTime":589.74,"endTime":595.65,"body":"and the government now, uh, is"},{"startTime":596.06,"endTime":599.02,"body":"becoming a lot influenced by the set."},{"startTime":599.76,"endTime":602.37,"body":"Community in the islands,"},{"startTime":599.76,"endTime":602.37,"body":"primarily American."},{"startTime":603.27,"endTime":608.82,"body":"And their interests now turn to really"},{"startTime":603.27,"endTime":608.82,"body":"developing the sugar plantations"},{"startTime":608.825,"endTime":611.22,"body":"as the centerpiece of this economy."},{"startTime":611.76,"endTime":618.345,"body":"And, um, they re this, this plantation"},{"startTime":611.76,"endTime":618.345,"body":"system is re reliant upon the United"},{"startTime":618.345,"endTime":621.18,"body":"States for their market to be profitable."},{"startTime":621.81,"endTime":627.24,"body":"And, um, the reason why there's a"},{"startTime":621.81,"endTime":627.24,"body":"boost in 1860 is that the US is engaged"},{"startTime":627.24,"endTime":630.45,"body":"in the Civil War from 1861 to 65."},{"startTime":630.96,"endTime":634.38,"body":"And the the south, which"},{"startTime":630.96,"endTime":634.38,"body":"supplies the Northwood, its"},{"startTime":634.385,"endTime":636.48,"body":"sugar, is that war at the north."},{"startTime":636.48,"endTime":639.24,"body":"So the north is buying sugar"},{"startTime":636.48,"endTime":639.24,"body":"from outside of the us."},{"startTime":639.45,"endTime":644.31,"body":"So now that Hawaii is becoming, uh, more"},{"startTime":639.45,"endTime":644.31,"body":"and more dependent upon the United States,"},{"startTime":644.79,"endTime":651.66,"body":"um, for its economy to be profitable,"},{"startTime":644.79,"endTime":651.66,"body":"even though the bulk of the plantations."},{"startTime":652.665,"endTime":656.925,"body":"Are owned by American interests in"},{"startTime":652.665,"endTime":656.925,"body":"Hawaii set American settlers in Hawaii."},{"startTime":657.165,"endTime":663.464,"body":"About 60, 62% is owned by"},{"startTime":657.165,"endTime":663.464,"body":"Americans, and 25% by British,"},{"startTime":663.854,"endTime":666.165,"body":"only 4% is owned by Hawaiians."},{"startTime":666.224,"endTime":668.564,"body":"And then there's about 4% by Chinese."},{"startTime":668.984,"endTime":674.255,"body":"So it really, um, and there is, um,"},{"startTime":668.984,"endTime":674.255,"body":"uh, at the end of Civil War, which gave"},{"startTime":674.255,"endTime":680.714,"body":"this boost to the economy, um, there's a"},{"startTime":674.255,"endTime":680.714,"body":"protective trade tariff that's imposed to"},{"startTime":681.074,"endTime":686.714,"body":"give the southern farmers a boost again"},{"startTime":681.074,"endTime":686.714,"body":"to get back, you know, to, to recover from"},{"startTime":686.714,"endTime":689.744,"body":"the war and reconstruct the south, right?"},{"startTime":689.984,"endTime":695.015,"body":"So that period of reconstruction, so"},{"startTime":689.984,"endTime":695.015,"body":"a lot of the plantations go bankrupt."},{"startTime":695.015,"endTime":699.285,"body":"They can't, uh, get their, their,"},{"startTime":695.015,"endTime":699.285,"body":"you know, their loans are foreclosed"},{"startTime":699.285,"endTime":703.974,"body":"upon and they're consolidated into"},{"startTime":699.285,"endTime":703.974,"body":"the, the larger corporations that."},{"startTime":704.595,"endTime":705.405,"body":"Finance them."},{"startTime":706.035,"endTime":711.885,"body":"And so Hawaii is desperate to"},{"startTime":706.035,"endTime":711.885,"body":"negotiate a free trade treaty."},{"startTime":712.515,"endTime":718.785,"body":"And in 1875, the king does, uh,"},{"startTime":712.515,"endTime":718.785,"body":"negotiate a treaty where all of"},{"startTime":718.785,"endTime":723.675,"body":"Hawaii sugar can be exported to the"},{"startTime":718.785,"endTime":723.675,"body":"US without charging, uh, trade tax."},{"startTime":723.735,"endTime":727.155,"body":"And then all US goods can come"},{"startTime":723.735,"endTime":727.155,"body":"into Hawaii without a trade tax."},{"startTime":727.395,"endTime":730.005,"body":"So it's just reciprocal in that manner."},{"startTime":730.785,"endTime":739.365,"body":"So in 1885 when the, um, the trade"},{"startTime":730.785,"endTime":739.365,"body":"agreement expires, the king has"},{"startTime":739.365,"endTime":742.605,"body":"seen how the wealth of Hawaii has."},{"startTime":743.385,"endTime":744.705,"body":"That has come through."},{"startTime":744.705,"endTime":747.795,"body":"The plantation system has"},{"startTime":744.705,"endTime":747.795,"body":"not benefited his people."},{"startTime":748.515,"endTime":751.725,"body":"He refuses to renew"},{"startTime":748.515,"endTime":751.725,"body":"the reciprocity treaty."},{"startTime":751.73,"endTime":755.295,"body":"Well, he wants to renew the reciprocity"},{"startTime":751.73,"endTime":755.295,"body":"treaty, but the United States is now"},{"startTime":755.295,"endTime":760.275,"body":"demanding that the Hawaii turnover"},{"startTime":755.295,"endTime":760.275,"body":"full control of what is called"},{"startTime":760.275,"endTime":763.665,"body":"Pearl Harbor, but we call it law."},{"startTime":764.165,"endTime":769.785,"body":"But the US is demanding full control and"},{"startTime":764.165,"endTime":769.785,"body":"exclusive use of Pearl Harbor in return"},{"startTime":769.785,"endTime":772.095,"body":"for renewing the reciprocity treaty."},{"startTime":772.965,"endTime":778.395,"body":"And the king refuses to seed"},{"startTime":772.965,"endTime":778.395,"body":"away a portion of Hawaii because"},{"startTime":778.4,"endTime":782.685,"body":"it means an erosion of the"},{"startTime":778.4,"endTime":782.685,"body":"independence of our kingdom."},{"startTime":783.555,"endTime":787.605,"body":"When King Kawa refused to renew"},{"startTime":783.555,"endTime":787.605,"body":"the treaty, members of a militia"},{"startTime":787.61,"endTime":791.745,"body":"nicknamed the Honolulu rifles made"},{"startTime":787.61,"endTime":791.745,"body":"up largely white settlers, held the"},{"startTime":791.75,"endTime":795.585,"body":"king at gunpoint until he signed a new"},{"startTime":791.75,"endTime":795.585,"body":"constitution for the Kingdom of Hawaii."},{"startTime":797.025,"endTime":800.145,"body":"This led to the document's"},{"startTime":797.025,"endTime":800.145,"body":"nickname the Bayonet Constitution."},{"startTime":802.05,"endTime":805.08,"body":"The bayonet constitution allowed"},{"startTime":802.05,"endTime":805.08,"body":"the foreign landowners to take"},{"startTime":805.08,"endTime":807.93,"body":"control of the government and"},{"startTime":805.08,"endTime":807.93,"body":"renew the reciprocity treaty."},{"startTime":809.43,"endTime":812.52,"body":"The king became a puppet who could"},{"startTime":809.43,"endTime":812.52,"body":"not make any decision without"},{"startTime":812.52,"endTime":815.46,"body":"the affirmation of his cabinet"},{"startTime":812.52,"endTime":815.46,"body":"selected by foreign settlers."},{"startTime":818.28,"endTime":822.42,"body":"We hear about treaties all the time"},{"startTime":818.28,"endTime":822.42,"body":"in history class, by definition,"},{"startTime":822.45,"endTime":825.9,"body":"we understand those treaties to be"},{"startTime":822.45,"endTime":825.9,"body":"mutual agreements between countries."},{"startTime":827.43,"endTime":830.97,"body":"We aren't given the context of when"},{"startTime":827.43,"endTime":830.97,"body":"someone was held at gunpoint and had their"},{"startTime":830.97,"endTime":835.32,"body":"life threatened in order for something to"},{"startTime":830.97,"endTime":835.32,"body":"be signed so a treaty could be solidified."},{"startTime":836.7,"endTime":839.82,"body":"These are the missing details that"},{"startTime":836.7,"endTime":839.82,"body":"completely change the perspective we"},{"startTime":839.82,"endTime":844.44,"body":"have of a point in history, which I"},{"startTime":839.82,"endTime":844.44,"body":"think contributes to why Americans have"},{"startTime":844.44,"endTime":850.5,"body":"an understanding that Hawaii wanted to"},{"startTime":844.44,"endTime":850.5,"body":"become part of the US and native Hawaiians"},{"startTime":851.4,"endTime":855.63,"body":"take a lot of effort to reverse this and."},{"startTime":856.02,"endTime":859.5,"body":"He, he would've been assassinated"},{"startTime":856.02,"endTime":859.5,"body":"if he hadn't signed mm-hmm."},{"startTime":859.506,"endTime":861.51,"body":"the, the new Constitution."},{"startTime":862.32,"endTime":866.76,"body":"It also excluded any Asian"},{"startTime":862.32,"endTime":866.76,"body":"from the right to vote."},{"startTime":867.39,"endTime":873.24,"body":"It just specifically said Asians cannot"},{"startTime":867.39,"endTime":873.24,"body":"vote, so it disenfranchised the Asians."},{"startTime":873.6,"endTime":876.66,"body":"So just in this, the bayonet"},{"startTime":873.6,"endTime":876.66,"body":"constitution stated that?"},{"startTime":877.08,"endTime":877.47,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":877.5,"endTime":877.74,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":878.34,"endTime":881.79,"body":"But the European population"},{"startTime":878.34,"endTime":881.79,"body":"was enfranchised."},{"startTime":882.24,"endTime":886.68,"body":"Anyone who was a European or"},{"startTime":882.24,"endTime":886.68,"body":"American dissent could vote under"},{"startTime":886.685,"endTime":890.7,"body":"the Constitution by taking an oath"},{"startTime":886.685,"endTime":890.7,"body":"of allegiance to the Constitution."},{"startTime":891.0,"endTime":894.96,"body":"So they were trying to shift the"},{"startTime":891.0,"endTime":894.96,"body":"balance of power in the legislature"},{"startTime":895.32,"endTime":901.05,"body":"in their favor away from the Native"},{"startTime":895.32,"endTime":901.05,"body":"Hawaiians and the Chiefs in the, you"},{"startTime":901.05,"endTime":903.24,"body":"know, the House of Nobles to, in their."},{"startTime":906.105,"endTime":912.194,"body":"When King Kawa died in 1891, his"},{"startTime":906.105,"endTime":912.194,"body":"sister Queen Liani took his place."},{"startTime":913.185,"endTime":918.704,"body":"She was a gifted songwriter who composed"},{"startTime":913.185,"endTime":918.704,"body":"160 songs in her lifetime and made choices"},{"startTime":918.704,"endTime":920.235,"body":"in the best interest of her people."},{"startTime":921.944,"endTime":926.385,"body":"She at first refused to sign an oath"},{"startTime":921.944,"endTime":926.385,"body":"to this constitution, but had to in"},{"startTime":926.385,"endTime":928.064,"body":"order to be installed as the Monarch."},{"startTime":929.055,"endTime":932.915,"body":"She told her people she would sign a"},{"startTime":929.055,"endTime":932.915,"body":"new constitution as soon as possible"},{"startTime":932.92,"endTime":936.405,"body":"to reinstate her power and restore"},{"startTime":932.92,"endTime":936.405,"body":"voting rights to native Hawaiians."},{"startTime":938.235,"endTime":941.145,"body":"But the foreign settlers were"},{"startTime":938.235,"endTime":941.145,"body":"already plotting her overthrow."},{"startTime":942.405,"endTime":945.285,"body":"They formed an annexation league"},{"startTime":942.405,"endTime":945.285,"body":"and traveled to Washington"},{"startTime":945.285,"endTime":947.145,"body":"DC to get the support of us."},{"startTime":947.145,"endTime":952.214,"body":"President Benjamin Harrison and"},{"startTime":947.145,"endTime":952.214,"body":"President Harrison said, um, man of"},{"startTime":952.214,"endTime":958.094,"body":"war to be constantly president in"},{"startTime":952.214,"endTime":958.094,"body":"the islands to support the American"},{"startTime":958.425,"endTime":962.444,"body":"settler interest, should they take"},{"startTime":958.425,"endTime":962.444,"body":"steps to overthrow the monarchy."},{"startTime":964.005,"endTime":967.695,"body":"Queen Lilani became the target"},{"startTime":964.005,"endTime":967.695,"body":"of a smear campaign in the US."},{"startTime":967.695,"endTime":972.855,"body":"Press propaganda spread gracious"},{"startTime":967.695,"endTime":972.855,"body":"depictions of her and one"},{"startTime":972.86,"endTime":975.675,"body":"included the queen holding pieces"},{"startTime":972.86,"endTime":975.675,"body":"of paper that said scandalous"},{"startTime":975.675,"endTime":977.865,"body":"government and gross immorality."},{"startTime":979.365,"endTime":983.564,"body":"In January of eighteen ninety three, one"},{"startTime":979.365,"endTime":983.564,"body":"hundred and sixty two US Marines with"},{"startTime":983.564,"endTime":987.345,"body":"Gatling guns positioned themselves across"},{"startTime":983.564,"endTime":987.345,"body":"from the Queen's palace to intimidate her."},{"startTime":988.485,"endTime":991.905,"body":"Within 48 hours, the Annexation"},{"startTime":988.485,"endTime":991.905,"body":"League announced they had become"},{"startTime":991.905,"endTime":995.385,"body":"a provisional government for"},{"startTime":991.905,"endTime":995.385,"body":"Hawaii led by US businessmen."},{"startTime":996.825,"endTime":1000.905,"body":"Queen Lil Kalani did not want"},{"startTime":996.825,"endTime":1000.905,"body":"bloodshed, so she surrendered to the US"},{"startTime":1000.905,"endTime":1004.625,"body":"government rather than the provisional"},{"startTime":1000.905,"endTime":1004.625,"body":"government because she believed she"},{"startTime":1004.625,"endTime":1006.245,"body":"would be reinstalled as the queen."},{"startTime":1007.025,"endTime":1011.015,"body":"And she believed this because in"},{"startTime":1007.025,"endTime":1011.015,"body":"1843 in February of 1843, great"},{"startTime":1011.02,"endTime":1012.665,"body":"Britain had taken control of Hawaii."},{"startTime":1014.075,"endTime":1019.235,"body":"But then later in July 31st, 1843"},{"startTime":1014.075,"endTime":1019.235,"body":"reinstated the sovereignty of Hawaii."},{"startTime":1019.985,"endTime":1024.545,"body":"And she believed that same circumstance"},{"startTime":1019.985,"endTime":1024.545,"body":"would occur, but she also believed that,"},{"startTime":1025.385,"endTime":1030.545,"body":"um, it was the United States forces"},{"startTime":1025.385,"endTime":1030.545,"body":"that really were the force, the power"},{"startTime":1030.55,"endTime":1032.045,"body":"behind the provisional government."},{"startTime":1032.645,"endTime":1039.605,"body":"And so she decided to surrender"},{"startTime":1032.645,"endTime":1039.605,"body":"to the greater power US."},{"startTime":1039.605,"endTime":1042.694,"body":"President Benjamin Harrison"},{"startTime":1039.605,"endTime":1042.694,"body":"submitted a treaty of annexation"},{"startTime":1042.694,"endTime":1045.905,"body":"to the Senate trying to get it"},{"startTime":1042.694,"endTime":1045.905,"body":"passed before he was out of office."},{"startTime":1046.985,"endTime":1050.105,"body":"When Grover Cleveland became"},{"startTime":1046.985,"endTime":1050.105,"body":"president that march, he withdrew"},{"startTime":1050.135,"endTime":1052.805,"body":"the treaty from the Senate and"},{"startTime":1050.135,"endTime":1052.805,"body":"sent Presidential Commissioner"},{"startTime":1052.805,"endTime":1056.255,"body":"James to Hawaii to investigate"},{"startTime":1052.805,"endTime":1056.255,"body":"the events that had taken place."},{"startTime":1057.125,"endTime":1062.375,"body":"James Blot came out with this, uh,"},{"startTime":1057.125,"endTime":1062.375,"body":"very fair assessment of what had"},{"startTime":1062.375,"endTime":1069.785,"body":"happened and a real indictment of the"},{"startTime":1062.375,"endTime":1069.785,"body":"role that the US Minister played in a"},{"startTime":1069.785,"endTime":1072.425,"body":"conspiracy with the annexation lead."},{"startTime":1073.34,"endTime":1079.879,"body":"Primarily of American interest"},{"startTime":1073.34,"endTime":1079.879,"body":"to take over Hawaii, and he said"},{"startTime":1079.879,"endTime":1087.32,"body":"that the US troops were landed"},{"startTime":1079.879,"endTime":1087.32,"body":"in an undeclared act of war."},{"startTime":1088.85,"endTime":1092.0,"body":"In the United States, only"},{"startTime":1088.85,"endTime":1092.0,"body":"Congress can declare war."},{"startTime":1092.93,"endTime":1094.49,"body":"Congress had not declared war."},{"startTime":1094.49,"endTime":1096.92,"body":"The President had not declared"},{"startTime":1094.49,"endTime":1096.92,"body":"war, and the President doesn't"},{"startTime":1096.92,"endTime":1098.27,"body":"have the power to declare war."},{"startTime":1098.6,"endTime":1099.92,"body":"Only the Congress can."},{"startTime":1100.28,"endTime":1108.62,"body":"So this was an illegal invasion of Hawaii"},{"startTime":1100.28,"endTime":1108.62,"body":"by US armed Naval forces, the provisional"},{"startTime":1108.62,"endTime":1111.889,"body":"government used their contacts in"},{"startTime":1108.62,"endTime":1111.889,"body":"Congress with the Senate Foreign Relations"},{"startTime":1111.889,"endTime":1115.73,"body":"Committee to counter the BLO report that"},{"startTime":1111.889,"endTime":1115.73,"body":"recommended the Queen be reinstated."},{"startTime":1117.71,"endTime":1121.37,"body":"The committee condoned the illegal"},{"startTime":1117.71,"endTime":1121.37,"body":"actions claiming that American lives and"},{"startTime":1121.82,"endTime":1125.149,"body":"property were being threatened by the"},{"startTime":1121.82,"endTime":1125.149,"body":"queen's new constitution and that the"},{"startTime":1125.155,"endTime":1127.1,"body":"troops were protecting American lives."},{"startTime":1128.33,"endTime":1130.19,"body":"But evidence shows that is not true."},{"startTime":1130.79,"endTime":1133.43,"body":"The troops weren't guarding"},{"startTime":1130.79,"endTime":1133.43,"body":"Americans or their property."},{"startTime":1133.82,"endTime":1136.13,"body":"They were standing across"},{"startTime":1133.82,"endTime":1136.13,"body":"from the Queen's palace."},{"startTime":1138.62,"endTime":1142.04,"body":"Because of this, president Cleveland"},{"startTime":1138.62,"endTime":1142.04,"body":"was unable to reinstate the Queen."},{"startTime":1143.0,"endTime":1147.08,"body":"Hawaiian groups put two petitions"},{"startTime":1143.0,"endTime":1147.08,"body":"together with more than 37,000 signatures"},{"startTime":1147.26,"endTime":1151.13,"body":"against the annexation of Hawaii and"},{"startTime":1147.26,"endTime":1151.13,"body":"calling for reinstatement of the Queen."},{"startTime":1152.66,"endTime":1157.13,"body":"Queen Liani traveled to Washington DC"},{"startTime":1152.66,"endTime":1157.13,"body":"with delegates to deliver the petitions."},{"startTime":1157.94,"endTime":1160.19,"body":"A vote took place to"},{"startTime":1157.94,"endTime":1160.19,"body":"reinstate her and failed."},{"startTime":1162.65,"endTime":1166.58,"body":"Sanford Dole was an American businessman"},{"startTime":1162.65,"endTime":1166.58,"body":"whose family founded Dole Food Company."},{"startTime":1167.27,"endTime":1170.75,"body":"As in the Dole Food Company we"},{"startTime":1167.27,"endTime":1170.75,"body":"see in every US grocery store."},{"startTime":1171.83,"endTime":1174.41,"body":"And if you've been to Hawaii,"},{"startTime":1171.83,"endTime":1174.41,"body":"you've probably heard of Dole"},{"startTime":1174.41,"endTime":1178.61,"body":"Plantation, which is one of Oahu's"},{"startTime":1174.41,"endTime":1178.61,"body":"most popular visitor attractions."},{"startTime":1179.42,"endTime":1181.79,"body":"Dole declared himself as"},{"startTime":1179.42,"endTime":1181.79,"body":"the president of Hawaii."},{"startTime":1183.14,"endTime":1186.53,"body":"Queen Lilani was held prisoner"},{"startTime":1183.14,"endTime":1186.53,"body":"at Yoani Palace for treason."},{"startTime":1187.985,"endTime":1190.475,"body":"After she was released, about"},{"startTime":1187.985,"endTime":1190.475,"body":"eight months later, she spent the"},{"startTime":1190.475,"endTime":1193.564,"body":"rest of her life advocating for"},{"startTime":1190.475,"endTime":1193.564,"body":"Native Hawaiian rights and culture."},{"startTime":1194.375,"endTime":1199.415,"body":"She sued the US government in 1909 to"},{"startTime":1194.375,"endTime":1199.415,"body":"return 1.75 million acres of Hawaiian"},{"startTime":1199.415,"endTime":1201.544,"body":"royal land, but was unsuccessful."},{"startTime":1202.355,"endTime":1205.024,"body":"She passed away eight years"},{"startTime":1202.355,"endTime":1205.024,"body":"later, leaving all of her money"},{"startTime":1205.024,"endTime":1206.225,"body":"to the children of Hawaii."},{"startTime":1207.274,"endTime":1210.245,"body":"Queen Liani is an honorable"},{"startTime":1207.274,"endTime":1210.245,"body":"leader All Americans should"},{"startTime":1210.245,"endTime":1211.625,"body":"learn about in history class."},{"startTime":1213.125,"endTime":1220.745,"body":"And while she was held prisoner"},{"startTime":1213.125,"endTime":1220.745,"body":"by the Republic, um, in 1895, they"},{"startTime":1220.745,"endTime":1223.415,"body":"forced her to sign an abdication."},{"startTime":1224.435,"endTime":1228.784,"body":"And in her book she writes, you"},{"startTime":1224.435,"endTime":1228.784,"body":"know, here she was alone without any"},{"startTime":1228.784,"endTime":1233.794,"body":"legal counsel, didn't know who was"},{"startTime":1228.784,"endTime":1233.794,"body":"talking to her, just to overthrow"},{"startTime":1233.794,"endTime":1235.715,"body":"her, you know, to, to betray her."},{"startTime":1236.675,"endTime":1239.584,"body":"And men being held in who were in prison."},{"startTime":1240.215,"endTime":1245.435,"body":"Who the government threatened to kill,"},{"startTime":1240.215,"endTime":1245.435,"body":"but you know, to hang them as punishment"},{"startTime":1245.435,"endTime":1248.255,"body":"for their efforts to, uh, reinstate her."},{"startTime":1249.095,"endTime":1252.695,"body":"And so she's saying, you know,"},{"startTime":1249.095,"endTime":1252.695,"body":"their lives could, could be"},{"startTime":1252.695,"endTime":1255.785,"body":"saved by signing this abdication."},{"startTime":1256.355,"endTime":1261.545,"body":"And so she signed the abdication to"},{"startTime":1256.355,"endTime":1261.545,"body":"save their lives, but she did so under"},{"startTime":1261.815,"endTime":1269.105,"body":"duress and not with full support of"},{"startTime":1261.815,"endTime":1269.105,"body":"doing this, but mostly because she"},{"startTime":1269.105,"endTime":1274.535,"body":"was imprisoned under threat and wanted"},{"startTime":1269.105,"endTime":1274.535,"body":"to save the lives of her supporters."},{"startTime":1275.015,"endTime":1280.715,"body":"Then in the middle of the Spanish-American"},{"startTime":1275.015,"endTime":1280.715,"body":"War, Senator Newlands introduced"},{"startTime":1280.885,"endTime":1287.075,"body":"a joint resolution for annexation,"},{"startTime":1280.885,"endTime":1287.075,"body":"which only requires a majority vote"},{"startTime":1287.735,"endTime":1290.015,"body":"of both the House and the Senate."},{"startTime":1290.585,"endTime":1294.365,"body":"And they, they get this majority vote"},{"startTime":1290.585,"endTime":1294.365,"body":"of both the House and the Senate."},{"startTime":1295.305,"endTime":1300.53,"body":"and they use this joint resolution as"},{"startTime":1295.305,"endTime":1300.53,"body":"the basis for the annexation of Hawaii,"},{"startTime":1301.64,"endTime":1305.75,"body":"which is not legal in international law."},{"startTime":1305.75,"endTime":1306.62,"body":"It's not legal."},{"startTime":1307.07,"endTime":1311.18,"body":"And many Hawaiian scholars are researching"},{"startTime":1307.07,"endTime":1311.18,"body":"this and making, taking, trying to put"},{"startTime":1311.18,"endTime":1318.17,"body":"together a case to take to United Nations"},{"startTime":1311.18,"endTime":1318.17,"body":"or the US Court to make the case that"},{"startTime":1318.17,"endTime":1320.96,"body":"Hawaii is still an independent nation."},{"startTime":1320.96,"endTime":1326.81,"body":"We were never legally annexed, but we"},{"startTime":1320.96,"endTime":1326.81,"body":"are an occupied nation occupied by the"},{"startTime":1326.81,"endTime":1331.18,"body":"United States, but have the right to"},{"startTime":1326.81,"endTime":1331.18,"body":"again, be an independent government."},{"startTime":1331.18,"endTime":1331.42,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1331.5,"endTime":1332.7,"body":"and you mean that's happening now?"},{"startTime":1334.43,"endTime":1335.18,"body":"Uh, yeah."},{"startTime":1335.18,"endTime":1338.57,"body":"There, there are several"},{"startTime":1335.18,"endTime":1338.57,"body":"different organizations."},{"startTime":1338.63,"endTime":1346.4,"body":"Um, the Reinstated Kingdom,"},{"startTime":1338.63,"endTime":1346.4,"body":"um, the Hawaii Nation state."},{"startTime":1346.4,"endTime":1351.17,"body":"There's several different"},{"startTime":1346.4,"endTime":1351.17,"body":"organizations seeking to have Hawaii"},{"startTime":1351.17,"endTime":1353.12,"body":"be recognized as an independent."},{"startTime":1354.11,"endTime":1355.46,"body":"Government again."},{"startTime":1355.879,"endTime":1362.45,"body":"Um, the other route for that independence"},{"startTime":1355.879,"endTime":1362.45,"body":"is when the UN United Nations formed."},{"startTime":1362.45,"endTime":1368.21,"body":"They set up a committee on decolonization"},{"startTime":1362.45,"endTime":1368.21,"body":"in 1946, and they listed all of"},{"startTime":1368.27,"endTime":1372.44,"body":"the non self-governing nations"},{"startTime":1368.27,"endTime":1372.44,"body":"and peoples, and Hawaii was listed"},{"startTime":1372.93,"endTime":1375.889,"body":"on that, um, with that committee."},{"startTime":1376.25,"endTime":1384.29,"body":"And the goal was that by the end of"},{"startTime":1376.25,"endTime":1384.29,"body":"the century, by 2000, that all of those"},{"startTime":1384.379,"endTime":1389.389,"body":"nations and peoples would have the right"},{"startTime":1384.379,"endTime":1389.389,"body":"to exercise self-determination in a"},{"startTime":1389.389,"endTime":1395.51,"body":"plebiscite and to vote for if they wanted"},{"startTime":1389.389,"endTime":1395.51,"body":"to be incorporated into the governing"},{"startTime":1395.899,"endTime":1403.22,"body":"power or to be independent or to have free"},{"startTime":1395.899,"endTime":1403.22,"body":"association with that governing power."},{"startTime":1404.36,"endTime":1408.26,"body":"Or continued to be a territory,"},{"startTime":1404.36,"endTime":1408.26,"body":"or in some cases like Puerto"},{"startTime":1408.265,"endTime":1409.76,"body":"Rico, Guama, Commonwealth."},{"startTime":1410.48,"endTime":1415.34,"body":"But in Hawaii there was a vote for"},{"startTime":1410.48,"endTime":1415.34,"body":"statehood in 1958 and there was only"},{"startTime":1415.345,"endTime":1423.02,"body":"one option shall Hawaii be immediately"},{"startTime":1415.345,"endTime":1423.02,"body":"admitted into the union as a state."},{"startTime":1424.22,"endTime":1425.96,"body":"So there was only that one option."},{"startTime":1425.96,"endTime":1432.38,"body":"So the other pathway to be again,"},{"startTime":1425.96,"endTime":1432.38,"body":"recognized as an independent nation"},{"startTime":1432.385,"endTime":1437.9,"body":"is to be re inscribed with the"},{"startTime":1432.385,"endTime":1437.9,"body":"UN committee on decolonization."},{"startTime":1438.26,"endTime":1443.66,"body":"When the statehood vote happened,"},{"startTime":1438.26,"endTime":1443.66,"body":"the United NA states reported to"},{"startTime":1443.66,"endTime":1448.64,"body":"the UN committee on decolonization"},{"startTime":1443.66,"endTime":1448.64,"body":"that a plebiscite was held and that"},{"startTime":1449.48,"endTime":1454.25,"body":"the people had voted to become a"},{"startTime":1449.48,"endTime":1454.25,"body":"state incorporated into the us."},{"startTime":1454.7,"endTime":1459.53,"body":"But so that that vote is being"},{"startTime":1454.7,"endTime":1459.53,"body":"challenged as not being fully informed."},{"startTime":1460.355,"endTime":1462.275,"body":"Vote, which is what it has to be."},{"startTime":1462.935,"endTime":1466.055,"body":"The people have to be fully informed"},{"startTime":1462.935,"endTime":1466.055,"body":"and it has to be a free exercise."},{"startTime":1466.505,"endTime":1466.595,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":1467.435,"endTime":1473.915,"body":"And people feel that that plebiscite"},{"startTime":1467.435,"endTime":1473.915,"body":"didn't meet those standards because Hawaii"},{"startTime":1473.92,"endTime":1480.095,"body":"was heavily still had a heavy presence"},{"startTime":1473.92,"endTime":1480.095,"body":"of the US military and the military"},{"startTime":1480.335,"endTime":1485.585,"body":"members, and their dependence could vote"},{"startTime":1480.335,"endTime":1485.585,"body":"in the election, so they would've voted"},{"startTime":1485.585,"endTime":1488.195,"body":"for incorporation into the U Union."},{"startTime":1488.645,"endTime":1492.635,"body":"So they're challenging that as"},{"startTime":1488.645,"endTime":1492.635,"body":"well as another pathway to get"},{"startTime":1492.635,"endTime":1494.435,"body":"re inscribed with United Nations."},{"startTime":1496.715,"endTime":1500.375,"body":"In 1993, president Clinton signed"},{"startTime":1496.715,"endTime":1500.375,"body":"a public law apology for the"},{"startTime":1500.38,"endTime":1502.175,"body":"overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii."},{"startTime":1503.315,"endTime":1507.065,"body":"The apology from the US acknowledged"},{"startTime":1503.315,"endTime":1507.065,"body":"the overthrow as an illegal act of war."},{"startTime":1508.475,"endTime":1512.165,"body":"It also laid the basis for reconciliation"},{"startTime":1508.475,"endTime":1512.165,"body":"through the US government, and"},{"startTime":1512.165,"endTime":1515.495,"body":"established a definition to recognize"},{"startTime":1512.165,"endTime":1515.495,"body":"native Hawaiians on the basis of their"},{"startTime":1515.495,"endTime":1517.805,"body":"political status rather than their race."},{"startTime":1518.81,"endTime":1521.419,"body":"The Obama administration later"},{"startTime":1518.81,"endTime":1521.419,"body":"gave recognition to Native"},{"startTime":1521.78,"endTime":1524.81,"body":"Hawaiians to have a government to"},{"startTime":1521.78,"endTime":1524.81,"body":"government relationship with the us."},{"startTime":1526.189,"endTime":1529.909,"body":"Davian said one of the reasons"},{"startTime":1526.189,"endTime":1529.909,"body":"this recognition is so important is"},{"startTime":1529.909,"endTime":1533.149,"body":"because of what happened with the"},{"startTime":1529.909,"endTime":1533.149,"body":"Rice Verse Katano Supreme Court case."},{"startTime":1533.149,"endTime":1537.83,"body":"In 2000, this court case challenged"},{"startTime":1533.149,"endTime":1537.83,"body":"the Office of Hawaiian Affairs,"},{"startTime":1538.07,"endTime":1540.139,"body":"which was established in 1978."},{"startTime":1540.439,"endTime":1544.58,"body":"After the US failed to use proceeds from"},{"startTime":1540.439,"endTime":1544.58,"body":"seated lands for the betterment of Native"},{"startTime":1544.97,"endTime":1549.439,"body":"Hawaiian conditions, they set up an"},{"startTime":1544.97,"endTime":1549.439,"body":"election process for the Board of Trustees"},{"startTime":1549.439,"endTime":1551.12,"body":"in which only native Hawaiians could vote."},{"startTime":1551.12,"endTime":1555.679,"body":"In the US Supreme Court ruled that"},{"startTime":1551.12,"endTime":1555.679,"body":"the election process was a violation"},{"startTime":1555.74,"endTime":1559.129,"body":"of the 15th Amendment, which states"},{"startTime":1555.74,"endTime":1559.129,"body":"that the right to vote cannot be"},{"startTime":1559.129,"endTime":1561.11,"body":"denied on account of race or color."},{"startTime":1562.429,"endTime":1565.34,"body":"There have also been other challenges"},{"startTime":1562.429,"endTime":1565.34,"body":"to the Office of Hawaiian Affairs,"},{"startTime":1565.52,"endTime":1569.06,"body":"which Davian says A group called"},{"startTime":1565.52,"endTime":1569.06,"body":"Aloha for All is partially behind."},{"startTime":1570.229,"endTime":1574.699,"body":"Law for All is, you know, claiming"},{"startTime":1570.229,"endTime":1574.699,"body":"that everyone who lives in Hawaii"},{"startTime":1574.699,"endTime":1578.719,"body":"is Hawaiian, just like everybody who"},{"startTime":1574.699,"endTime":1578.719,"body":"lives in California is Californian."},{"startTime":1578.75,"endTime":1578.84,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1579.709,"endTime":1583.76,"body":", uh, and that people who have, um,"},{"startTime":1579.709,"endTime":1583.76,"body":"benefits because they are of native"},{"startTime":1583.764,"endTime":1589.699,"body":"wine ancestry, uh, it, it, it are"},{"startTime":1583.764,"endTime":1589.699,"body":"receiving racial pr, you know, benefits."},{"startTime":1589.78,"endTime":1589.979,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1590.06,"endTime":1590.929,"body":"based on racial privilege."},{"startTime":1592.28,"endTime":1597.11,"body":"You know, the history that you talked me"},{"startTime":1592.28,"endTime":1597.11,"body":"through of like the details of how Hawaii"},{"startTime":1597.32,"endTime":1601.459,"body":"eventually became an American state, is"},{"startTime":1597.32,"endTime":1601.459,"body":"that a history that is taught regularly"},{"startTime":1601.459,"endTime":1606.949,"body":"to students, you know, in Hawaii growing"},{"startTime":1601.459,"endTime":1606.949,"body":"up or just, um, I guess just known amongst"},{"startTime":1606.979,"endTime":1609.26,"body":"people living in Hawaii or talked about?"},{"startTime":1610.7,"endTime":1614.3,"body":"It's more and more the case that,"},{"startTime":1610.7,"endTime":1614.3,"body":"that it is being taught, especially"},{"startTime":1614.3,"endTime":1617.899,"body":"in our charter schools, commitment"},{"startTime":1614.3,"endTime":1617.899,"body":"schools, private schools are"},{"startTime":1617.899,"endTime":1620.24,"body":"beginning to change the narrative."},{"startTime":1620.78,"endTime":1625.31,"body":"Um, and the Department of Education,"},{"startTime":1620.78,"endTime":1625.31,"body":"I've worked with some of their curriculum"},{"startTime":1625.31,"endTime":1627.5,"body":"developers from the university level."},{"startTime":1627.74,"endTime":1629.09,"body":"They have changed the narrative."},{"startTime":1629.75,"endTime":1635.12,"body":"Um, we got, but we, that only began"},{"startTime":1629.75,"endTime":1635.12,"body":"really clearly on the hundredth"},{"startTime":1635.12,"endTime":1638.24,"body":"anniversary of the overthrow in 1993."},{"startTime":1638.87,"endTime":1642.5,"body":"So it's been the last maybe"},{"startTime":1638.87,"endTime":1642.5,"body":"20, how long has that been?"},{"startTime":1642.74,"endTime":1644.84,"body":"Any 20, 20, 30 years."},{"startTime":1645.649,"endTime":1648.5,"body":"So my generation definitely did"},{"startTime":1645.649,"endTime":1648.5,"body":"not grow up with that history."},{"startTime":1648.53,"endTime":1653.45,"body":"My generation had to do the research to"},{"startTime":1648.53,"endTime":1653.45,"body":"rewrite the books, to change the history."},{"startTime":1653.96,"endTime":1658.58,"body":"And now we are teach, you know, now art"},{"startTime":1653.96,"endTime":1658.58,"body":"students are teaching with new books and"},{"startTime":1658.585,"endTime":1663.5,"body":"new, new, even more research is being"},{"startTime":1658.585,"endTime":1663.5,"body":"done to rewrite the narrative of do"},{"startTime":1663.649,"endTime":1665.72,"body":"you know, domination and colonization."},{"startTime":1666.05,"endTime":1667.909,"body":"So more and more it is being taught."},{"startTime":1676.145,"endTime":1679.445,"body":"So I'm in Washington Square Park in"},{"startTime":1676.145,"endTime":1679.445,"body":"New York asking people about their"},{"startTime":1679.445,"endTime":1681.095,"body":"knowledge of how Hawaii became a state."},{"startTime":1681.845,"endTime":1682.565,"body":"Where are you from?"},{"startTime":1682.775,"endTime":1683.735,"body":"I'm from California."},{"startTime":1683.765,"endTime":1685.055,"body":"Do you mind sharing your age?"},{"startTime":1685.475,"endTime":1685.575,"body":"It's 28."},{"startTime":1686.225,"endTime":1687.995,"body":"Do you know how Hawaii became a state?"},{"startTime":1688.655,"endTime":1691.745,"body":"I feel like bits and pieces,"},{"startTime":1688.655,"endTime":1691.745,"body":"but not the whole story."},{"startTime":1691.895,"endTime":1694.175,"body":"Do you know about the"},{"startTime":1691.895,"endTime":1694.175,"body":"overthrow of Hawaii's monarchy?"},{"startTime":1694.295,"endTime":1694.775,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":1694.775,"endTime":1695.165,"body":"Queen."},{"startTime":1695.315,"endTime":1696.785,"body":"I feel like her name is Lacoy."},{"startTime":1696.965,"endTime":1697.865,"body":"I might be saying April."},{"startTime":1697.865,"endTime":1698.285,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1698.615,"endTime":1702.305,"body":"Um, and like it had to do with like"},{"startTime":1698.615,"endTime":1702.305,"body":"the pineapple plantations there."},{"startTime":1703.155,"endTime":1706.065,"body":"Um, and how Dole really screwed"},{"startTime":1703.155,"endTime":1706.065,"body":"her over, but I don't know, like"},{"startTime":1706.065,"endTime":1707.264,"body":"the whole full picture of it."},{"startTime":1707.504,"endTime":1707.774,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1707.774,"endTime":1708.254,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":1709.605,"endTime":1710.415,"body":"Where are you from?"},{"startTime":1710.745,"endTime":1711.585,"body":"Uh, New York."},{"startTime":1711.705,"endTime":1712.665,"body":"And what is your age?"},{"startTime":1712.995,"endTime":1713.504,"body":"28."},{"startTime":1713.774,"endTime":1714.105,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1714.105,"endTime":1715.875,"body":"And do you know how Hawaii became a state?"},{"startTime":1717.105,"endTime":1718.034,"body":"Vaguely."},{"startTime":1718.095,"endTime":1722.055,"body":"I know that there was like an overthrow"},{"startTime":1718.095,"endTime":1722.055,"body":"of the monarchy that was there"},{"startTime":1722.055,"endTime":1726.795,"body":"from the, of the natives, but like"},{"startTime":1722.055,"endTime":1726.795,"body":"specifics, I don't necessarily know."},{"startTime":1726.795,"endTime":1730.485,"body":"Like what specifically was"},{"startTime":1726.795,"endTime":1730.485,"body":"centered around or focused around."},{"startTime":1730.575,"endTime":1730.784,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1730.845,"endTime":1731.655,"body":"Thank you so much."},{"startTime":1731.655,"endTime":1732.315,"body":"Where are you?"},{"startTime":1732.71,"endTime":1735.29,"body":"Jamaica, how long have"},{"startTime":1732.71,"endTime":1735.29,"body":"you lived in New York?"},{"startTime":1735.56,"endTime":1736.58,"body":"Since 2016."},{"startTime":1736.82,"endTime":1737.48,"body":"How old are you?"},{"startTime":1737.81,"endTime":1738.41,"body":"22."},{"startTime":1738.77,"endTime":1741.92,"body":"Um, have you ever heard anything"},{"startTime":1738.77,"endTime":1741.92,"body":"about the overthrow of Hawaii's"},{"startTime":1741.92,"endTime":1743.36,"body":"monarchy since you've lived here?"},{"startTime":1743.9,"endTime":1744.08,"body":"No."},{"startTime":1744.08,"endTime":1744.74,"body":"Never heard of it."},{"startTime":1745.76,"endTime":1747.14,"body":"I'm from Chicago."},{"startTime":1747.26,"endTime":1749.36,"body":"I'm, I'll be 25 next month."},{"startTime":1749.78,"endTime":1750.14,"body":". Okay."},{"startTime":1750.14,"endTime":1753.29,"body":"Do you know how Hawaii"},{"startTime":1750.14,"endTime":1753.29,"body":"became a, an American state?"},{"startTime":1753.48,"endTime":1757.04,"body":"I don't, I, I don't actually, I"},{"startTime":1753.48,"endTime":1757.04,"body":"know it was in 1959, but I don't"},{"startTime":1757.04,"endTime":1758.12,"body":"know very much about the statehood."},{"startTime":1758.25,"endTime":1762.11,"body":"I, I, I feel like I know more about how"},{"startTime":1758.25,"endTime":1762.11,"body":"it became like a territory of the us."},{"startTime":1762.14,"endTime":1762.23,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1762.23,"endTime":1762.38,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1762.385,"endTime":1764.645,"body":"Do you know anything about how"},{"startTime":1762.385,"endTime":1764.645,"body":"the monarchy was overthrown?"},{"startTime":1765.95,"endTime":1769.07,"body":"I mean, basically just that it was"},{"startTime":1765.95,"endTime":1769.07,"body":"like, I know there was interest in like"},{"startTime":1769.4,"endTime":1773.42,"body":"agriculturally, like using Hawaii and"},{"startTime":1769.4,"endTime":1773.42,"body":"like a lot of the fruit plantations wanted"},{"startTime":1773.42,"endTime":1776.03,"body":"to, to like kind of stake their claim."},{"startTime":1777.065,"endTime":1777.725,"body":"Okay, thank you."},{"startTime":1777.995,"endTime":1778.685,"body":"Where are you from?"},{"startTime":1779.075,"endTime":1780.065,"body":"Uh, Brooklyn, New York."},{"startTime":1780.065,"endTime":1780.665,"body":"How old are you?"},{"startTime":1780.935,"endTime":1781.385,"body":"21."},{"startTime":1781.835,"endTime":1783.514,"body":"Do you know how Hawaii became a state?"},{"startTime":1783.965,"endTime":1787.655,"body":"Uh, I remember there was like a war,"},{"startTime":1783.965,"endTime":1787.655,"body":"I'm pretty sure that happened in"},{"startTime":1787.655,"endTime":1791.675,"body":"Hawaii or it was used as like a base"},{"startTime":1787.655,"endTime":1791.675,"body":"for the USA or something like that."},{"startTime":1791.825,"endTime":1792.004,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1792.004,"endTime":1794.524,"body":"Do you know anything about"},{"startTime":1792.004,"endTime":1794.524,"body":"the overthrow of the monarchy?"},{"startTime":1795.995,"endTime":1796.685,"body":"Not that I remember."},{"startTime":1796.685,"endTime":1799.715,"body":"I learned about it when I was"},{"startTime":1796.685,"endTime":1799.715,"body":"in like ninth grade, but I don't"},{"startTime":1799.715,"endTime":1800.885,"body":"really remember after that."},{"startTime":1801.095,"endTime":1802.625,"body":"Uh, I'm from Chicago, Illinois."},{"startTime":1802.685,"endTime":1803.345,"body":"I'm 42."},{"startTime":1803.764,"endTime":1806.105,"body":"Do you know how Hawaii"},{"startTime":1803.764,"endTime":1806.105,"body":"became an American state?"},{"startTime":1806.855,"endTime":1807.605,"body":"No, I do not."},{"startTime":1808.294,"endTime":1810.395,"body":", do you know anything about"},{"startTime":1808.294,"endTime":1810.395,"body":"the overthrow of Hawaii?"},{"startTime":1810.754,"endTime":1811.415,"body":"Oh, no, I don't."},{"startTime":1820.415,"endTime":1826.415,"body":"I wanna talk a little bit more about"},{"startTime":1820.415,"endTime":1826.415,"body":"the effects of the overthrow of"},{"startTime":1826.415,"endTime":1828.605,"body":"the monarchy in Hawaii up to today."},{"startTime":1828.605,"endTime":1832.385,"body":"So what are issues that native"},{"startTime":1828.605,"endTime":1832.385,"body":"Hawaiians are still dealing with"},{"startTime":1832.385,"endTime":1834.335,"body":"because of what happened then?"},{"startTime":1835.895,"endTime":1839.315,"body":"The health issues are most"},{"startTime":1835.895,"endTime":1839.315,"body":"prominent for native Hawaiians."},{"startTime":1839.315,"endTime":1844.595,"body":"We still have shorter lifespans by about"},{"startTime":1839.315,"endTime":1844.595,"body":"10 years than the general population."},{"startTime":1844.865,"endTime":1849.995,"body":"Women have very high rates of vaginal"},{"startTime":1844.865,"endTime":1849.995,"body":"cancers and cervical cancers that"},{"startTime":1849.995,"endTime":1854.254,"body":"are higher death rates from these"},{"startTime":1849.995,"endTime":1854.254,"body":"cancers because of later diagnosis."},{"startTime":1855.125,"endTime":1860.945,"body":"And Hawaiians collectively have very high"},{"startTime":1855.125,"endTime":1860.945,"body":"risk factors for cardiovascular disease."},{"startTime":1861.095,"endTime":1865.655,"body":"And then we also have high"},{"startTime":1861.095,"endTime":1865.655,"body":"rates of incarcerated Hawaiians."},{"startTime":1866.135,"endTime":1875.225,"body":"So we make up 20, 21% of the"},{"startTime":1866.135,"endTime":1875.225,"body":"population, but 35 to 40% of"},{"startTime":1875.225,"endTime":1879.155,"body":"the male inmate population in"},{"startTime":1875.225,"endTime":1879.155,"body":"the female inmate population."},{"startTime":1880.055,"endTime":1884.975,"body":"Um, we had higher rates than"},{"startTime":1880.055,"endTime":1884.975,"body":"the juvenile, um, population."},{"startTime":1885.995,"endTime":1888.965,"body":"Uh, we have higher rates"},{"startTime":1885.995,"endTime":1888.965,"body":"of people on welfare."},{"startTime":1889.625,"endTime":1893.075,"body":"We have higher rates of unemployment"},{"startTime":1889.625,"endTime":1893.075,"body":"than the general population."},{"startTime":1893.375,"endTime":1893.885,"body":"It's a f."},{"startTime":1894.32,"endTime":1899.57,"body":"Reflection of, uh, alienation"},{"startTime":1894.32,"endTime":1899.57,"body":"from the government."},{"startTime":1900.08,"endTime":1906.17,"body":"So, you know, Hawaiians still have"},{"startTime":1900.08,"endTime":1906.17,"body":"larger families and most than other,"},{"startTime":1906.17,"endTime":1908.66,"body":"than some of the other ethnic groups."},{"startTime":1909.2,"endTime":1913.19,"body":"Um, but less resources,"},{"startTime":1909.2,"endTime":1913.19,"body":"less access to resources."},{"startTime":1913.94,"endTime":1918.17,"body":"We as a people don't have the benefit of"},{"startTime":1913.94,"endTime":1918.17,"body":"that, the wealth of these lands, right?"},{"startTime":1918.17,"endTime":1921.86,"body":"That belong to our nation to"},{"startTime":1918.17,"endTime":1921.86,"body":"take care of our people, right?"},{"startTime":1921.92,"endTime":1926.27,"body":"So we could provide better"},{"startTime":1921.92,"endTime":1926.27,"body":"healthcare for our people."},{"startTime":1926.39,"endTime":1929.81,"body":"We, and we're trying to, we have"},{"startTime":1926.39,"endTime":1929.81,"body":"really made an effort to have more"},{"startTime":1929.81,"endTime":1934.1,"body":"native Hawaiian physicians trained"},{"startTime":1929.81,"endTime":1934.1,"body":"and to go back to our communities"},{"startTime":1934.1,"endTime":1935.63,"body":"to provide those services."},{"startTime":1936.41,"endTime":1940.62,"body":"We have the Hawaiian homelands that"},{"startTime":1936.41,"endTime":1940.62,"body":"were established for native Hawaiians"},{"startTime":1940.62,"endTime":1945.23,"body":"in 1921, 200,000 acres, but as late."},{"startTime":1946.955,"endTime":1953.105,"body":"1970s only, only about 15% of the land was"},{"startTime":1946.955,"endTime":1953.105,"body":"actually distributed to Native Hawaiians."},{"startTime":1953.705,"endTime":1958.625,"body":"And there was this wait list of, you"},{"startTime":1953.705,"endTime":1958.625,"body":"know, uh, several thousand people,"},{"startTime":1959.675,"endTime":1962.794,"body":"people dying on the wait list,"},{"startTime":1959.675,"endTime":1962.794,"body":"never getting the land that should"},{"startTime":1962.794,"endTime":1967.655,"body":"have been awarded to them because"},{"startTime":1962.794,"endTime":1967.655,"body":"of the price of living in paradise."},{"startTime":1968.975,"endTime":1972.514,"body":"You know, our cost of living"},{"startTime":1968.975,"endTime":1972.514,"body":"is based on tourists, right?"},{"startTime":1972.544,"endTime":1973.925,"body":"What the tourists can afford."},{"startTime":1974.435,"endTime":1978.514,"body":"Our housing is based on what the military"},{"startTime":1974.435,"endTime":1978.514,"body":"subsidy for off based housing is."},{"startTime":1979.235,"endTime":1984.004,"body":"You know, um, the cost of living"},{"startTime":1979.235,"endTime":1984.004,"body":"is beyond our, and we don't have"},{"startTime":1984.004,"endTime":1986.764,"body":"control over the land resources."},{"startTime":1987.245,"endTime":1993.665,"body":"The which, which would then give us the"},{"startTime":1987.245,"endTime":1993.665,"body":"basis for a substantial economy mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1994.054,"endTime":1999.034,"body":"and, uh, an economic engine to"},{"startTime":1994.054,"endTime":1999.034,"body":"provide for the needs of our people."},{"startTime":1999.215,"endTime":2003.955,"body":"Um, most of our people live, uh,"},{"startTime":1999.215,"endTime":2003.955,"body":"here on Oahu, but there's still"},{"startTime":2004.044,"endTime":2005.365,"body":"people that live in these rural."},{"startTime":2006.1,"endTime":2006.79,"body":"Communities."},{"startTime":2006.82,"endTime":2006.91,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2006.91,"endTime":2010.9,"body":"Like on Moka, um, you"},{"startTime":2006.91,"endTime":2010.9,"body":"know, they're on Moka."},{"startTime":2010.9,"endTime":2013.15,"body":"We make up 60% of the population."},{"startTime":2013.84,"endTime":2015.25,"body":"Um, in Hana district."},{"startTime":2015.25,"endTime":2018.43,"body":"We make up I think 40% of the population."},{"startTime":2019.09,"endTime":2023.92,"body":"So are these  We make up"},{"startTime":2019.09,"endTime":2023.92,"body":"90% of the population."},{"startTime":2023.925,"endTime":2029.3,"body":"So while general in, in general we're"},{"startTime":2023.925,"endTime":2029.3,"body":"20%, we have these concentrations mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2029.87,"endTime":2033.04,"body":"in rural communities that also have"},{"startTime":2029.87,"endTime":2033.04,"body":"very high rates of unemployment."},{"startTime":2033.1,"endTime":2033.5,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2034.68,"endTime":2039.76,"body":", but Hawaiians very independent minded"},{"startTime":2034.68,"endTime":2039.76,"body":"and don't want to assimilate, don't"},{"startTime":2039.76,"endTime":2046.96,"body":"wanna be part of that urban setting"},{"startTime":2039.76,"endTime":2046.96,"body":"on Oahu, although their children"},{"startTime":2047.17,"endTime":2052.21,"body":"have to go away to Oahu or even"},{"startTime":2047.17,"endTime":2052.21,"body":"to the continent to get jobs now."},{"startTime":2052.239,"endTime":2052.33,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2052.78,"endTime":2056.409,"body":". And it's very disappointing"},{"startTime":2052.78,"endTime":2056.409,"body":"because housing is too expensive."},{"startTime":2056.739,"endTime":2060.34,"body":"That's how painful it is when our"},{"startTime":2056.739,"endTime":2060.34,"body":"children can't have to move away."},{"startTime":2060.429,"endTime":2062.139,"body":"Where 51% of our people."},{"startTime":2062.95,"endTime":2064.72,"body":"Are not able to live in the islands."},{"startTime":2064.93,"endTime":2067.27,"body":"And is that why Hawaiian"},{"startTime":2064.93,"endTime":2067.27,"body":"populations have now formed in"},{"startTime":2067.27,"endTime":2069.37,"body":"different, AM like American states?"},{"startTime":2070.33,"endTime":2070.84,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2071.05,"endTime":2071.26,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2071.26,"endTime":2072.76,"body":"You have a lot of people moving."},{"startTime":2073.21,"endTime":2076.06,"body":"Most recently I've heard people"},{"startTime":2073.21,"endTime":2076.06,"body":"moving to Las Vegas, but mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2076.36,"endTime":2081.76,"body":", um, I know there are people moving to"},{"startTime":2076.36,"endTime":2081.76,"body":"more, so California has large right."},{"startTime":2081.76,"endTime":2082.51,"body":"Population."},{"startTime":2082.75,"endTime":2085.33,"body":"Do you call it like Mainland America?"},{"startTime":2085.33,"endTime":2090.04,"body":"Like what would you refer to I guess as"},{"startTime":2085.33,"endTime":2090.04,"body":"America , we started call, we started"},{"startTime":2090.04,"endTime":2094.27,"body":"calling it the continent because"},{"startTime":2090.04,"endTime":2094.27,"body":"the mainland, as we saw, is a really"},{"startTime":2094.69,"endTime":2096.61,"body":"colon part of our colonized mentality."},{"startTime":2096.61,"endTime":2100.36,"body":"You say, oh, the, we're just"},{"startTime":2096.61,"endTime":2100.36,"body":"an offshoot of this mainland."},{"startTime":2100.365,"endTime":2100.54,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2100.62,"endTime":2104.44,"body":", you know, and it's 2000,"},{"startTime":2100.62,"endTime":2104.44,"body":"2000 more miles away."},{"startTime":2104.53,"endTime":2104.62,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":2104.62,"endTime":2105.7,"body":"How could it be a main lab?"},{"startTime":2105.7,"endTime":2106.03,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":2106.27,"endTime":2107.32,"body":"That's in our makes sense."},{"startTime":2107.38,"endTime":2110.29,"body":"It's in our, some, the"},{"startTime":2107.38,"endTime":2110.29,"body":"colonial imagination."},{"startTime":2110.5,"endTime":2110.62,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":2110.625,"endTime":2111.61,"body":"That that's our main lab."},{"startTime":2111.61,"endTime":2111.76,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2112.39,"endTime":2117.19,"body":"So what exactly, I guess if you could"},{"startTime":2112.39,"endTime":2117.19,"body":"get a little bit more specific about"},{"startTime":2117.19,"endTime":2121.69,"body":"like why maybe native Hawaiians are"},{"startTime":2117.19,"endTime":2121.69,"body":"diagnosed later or maybe don't have."},{"startTime":2122.5,"endTime":2124.21,"body":"Resources or have a shorter lifespan."},{"startTime":2126.43,"endTime":2127.15,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":2127.99,"endTime":2129.73,"body":"We need to have healthier diets."},{"startTime":2130.45,"endTime":2134.02,"body":"We need to have better higher incomes"},{"startTime":2130.45,"endTime":2134.02,"body":"in order to have healthier diets,"},{"startTime":2134.38,"endTime":2140.02,"body":"or we need to continue to be able"},{"startTime":2134.38,"endTime":2140.02,"body":"to fish, you know, have access to"},{"startTime":2140.59,"endTime":2144.61,"body":"and live in these areas where we can"},{"startTime":2140.59,"endTime":2144.61,"body":"have a healthy marine environment."},{"startTime":2144.7,"endTime":2144.97,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":2145.15,"endTime":2149.23,"body":"Um, we need to put controls"},{"startTime":2145.15,"endTime":2149.23,"body":"over our marine resources"},{"startTime":2149.23,"endTime":2150.549,"body":"so it's not all commercial."},{"startTime":2150.58,"endTime":2150.67,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2151.09,"endTime":2152.799,"body":", but it can provide for subsistence."},{"startTime":2152.799,"endTime":2152.98,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":2153.009,"endTime":2156.19,"body":"So is it now like those foods are"},{"startTime":2153.009,"endTime":2156.19,"body":"more expensive because it's kind of"},{"startTime":2156.195,"endTime":2158.77,"body":"goes into that, like cost of living,"},{"startTime":2156.195,"endTime":2158.77,"body":"just how expensive things are?"},{"startTime":2159.57,"endTime":2160.06,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2160.09,"endTime":2164.65,"body":"Well, it became apparent in the"},{"startTime":2160.09,"endTime":2164.65,"body":"pandemic where all the fish that"},{"startTime":2164.65,"endTime":2168.46,"body":"was caught in Hawaii was going"},{"startTime":2164.65,"endTime":2168.46,"body":"straight to hotel and restaurant."},{"startTime":2168.46,"endTime":2169.33,"body":"Hotels and restaurants."},{"startTime":2169.33,"endTime":2169.42,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2169.66,"endTime":2172.18,"body":"or mo, you know, the restaurants"},{"startTime":2169.66,"endTime":2172.18,"body":"serving the tourists."},{"startTime":2172.18,"endTime":2172.46,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2172.68,"endTime":2175.029,"body":". And so there the restaurants were closed."},{"startTime":2175.509,"endTime":2177.5,"body":"The fishermen where, where"},{"startTime":2175.509,"endTime":2177.5,"body":"they gonna sell mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2177.58,"endTime":2179.529,"body":". So they began to find ways to market it."},{"startTime":2180.2,"endTime":2181.675,"body":"to the people in Hawaii."},{"startTime":2181.675,"endTime":2181.855,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":2182.425,"endTime":2185.875,"body":"And then we realized, wow, you"},{"startTime":2182.425,"endTime":2185.875,"body":"know, we have no internal economy."},{"startTime":2185.905,"endTime":2186.025,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2186.295,"endTime":2188.425,"body":"to support our people,"},{"startTime":2186.295,"endTime":2188.425,"body":"all of this economy."},{"startTime":2189.085,"endTime":2191.935,"body":"And the cost of it is"},{"startTime":2189.085,"endTime":2191.935,"body":"to support our tourist."},{"startTime":2191.94,"endTime":2192.055,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":2192.925,"endTime":2196.735,"body":"I feel like a lot of times people kind"},{"startTime":2192.925,"endTime":2196.735,"body":"of, especially from America, justify,"},{"startTime":2197.305,"endTime":2200.275,"body":"oh, it's okay if I go and travel"},{"startTime":2197.305,"endTime":2200.275,"body":"here because like they need tourism"},{"startTime":2200.275,"endTime":2205.165,"body":"or like their economy, you know, is"},{"startTime":2200.275,"endTime":2205.165,"body":"based on tourism, which is evident."},{"startTime":2205.165,"endTime":2209.395,"body":"But I think it's, I nice hearing"},{"startTime":2205.165,"endTime":2209.395,"body":"that perspective of, you know,"},{"startTime":2209.4,"endTime":2211.345,"body":"you need a different economy."},{"startTime":2211.345,"endTime":2214.645,"body":"Like, it, it just doesn't it, you"},{"startTime":2211.345,"endTime":2214.645,"body":"know, I guess what is the native"},{"startTime":2214.65,"endTime":2219.025,"body":"Hawaiian perspective of people"},{"startTime":2214.65,"endTime":2219.025,"body":"actually going there and traveling?"},{"startTime":2220.915,"endTime":2221.815,"body":"It's just too much."},{"startTime":2221.815,"endTime":2224.605,"body":"We realized there are too many tourists."},{"startTime":2224.935,"endTime":2228.445,"body":"There has to be some way to"},{"startTime":2224.935,"endTime":2228.445,"body":"manage the number of tourists"},{"startTime":2228.445,"endTime":2229.585,"body":"who are coming to the islands."},{"startTime":2230.065,"endTime":2232.765,"body":"Our, our resources are over tapped."},{"startTime":2233.185,"endTime":2236.065,"body":"You know, we saw our beaches"},{"startTime":2233.185,"endTime":2236.065,"body":"when there were no tourists."},{"startTime":2236.905,"endTime":2238.765,"body":"We could see marine life coming back."},{"startTime":2238.765,"endTime":2239.845,"body":"There are fishes again."},{"startTime":2239.915,"endTime":2240.525,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2241.855,"endTime":2245.275,"body":"in the last two and a half years, our"},{"startTime":2241.855,"endTime":2245.275,"body":"resources have regenerated because"},{"startTime":2245.725,"endTime":2249.985,"body":"there's not all these tourists with"},{"startTime":2245.725,"endTime":2249.985,"body":"their sunan lotion in the ocean."},{"startTime":2249.985,"endTime":2249.986,"body":"Ocean."},{"startTime":2249.991,"endTime":2250.075,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":2250.885,"endTime":2252.085,"body":"Damaging their ecosystem."},{"startTime":2252.625,"endTime":2257.185,"body":"And so, um, and even our, our"},{"startTime":2252.625,"endTime":2257.185,"body":"leaders are recognizing that"},{"startTime":2257.245,"endTime":2258.925,"body":"we, it's just too many tourists."},{"startTime":2259.045,"endTime":2259.135,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2259.375,"endTime":2262.975,"body":", I mean, if you look at the lines"},{"startTime":2259.375,"endTime":2262.975,"body":"at the airport and tsa Yeah."},{"startTime":2263.455,"endTime":2268.975,"body":"And the, the impact on our"},{"startTime":2263.455,"endTime":2268.975,"body":"beaches, the impact to our trails"},{"startTime":2268.975,"endTime":2270.455,"body":"and hikes, and it's just mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2270.895,"endTime":2275.455,"body":". And so recently we have, um, the Council"},{"startTime":2270.895,"endTime":2275.455,"body":"for Native Wine Advancement put in a"},{"startTime":2275.455,"endTime":2280.255,"body":"bid to manage the tourism advertising."},{"startTime":2280.345,"endTime":2280.435,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2280.68,"endTime":2283.795,"body":"the way Tourism authority granted them."},{"startTime":2283.885,"endTime":2284.215,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2284.455,"endTime":2284.875,"body":"the bid."},{"startTime":2286.165,"endTime":2289.435,"body":"To tell a different story so people"},{"startTime":2286.165,"endTime":2289.435,"body":"come and be more respectful and, uh,"},{"startTime":2290.035,"endTime":2296.365,"body":"uh, and also understand the history"},{"startTime":2290.035,"endTime":2296.365,"body":"of the islands and the responsibility"},{"startTime":2296.37,"endTime":2302.365,"body":"we have when we come to be respectful"},{"startTime":2296.37,"endTime":2302.365,"body":"of these fragile resources."},{"startTime":2302.37,"endTime":2303.625,"body":"We are just an island."},{"startTime":2303.984,"endTime":2306.055,"body":"We have limited water resources."},{"startTime":2306.355,"endTime":2309.145,"body":"We have limited, uh, food resources."},{"startTime":2309.595,"endTime":2313.825,"body":"You know, we import 85% of"},{"startTime":2309.595,"endTime":2313.825,"body":"our food because we have to"},{"startTime":2313.825,"endTime":2316.015,"body":"support a tourist economy."},{"startTime":2316.435,"endTime":2320.475,"body":"We just really need to lower"},{"startTime":2316.435,"endTime":2320.475,"body":"the price of Paradise . Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2323.395,"endTime":2325.165,"body":", . I think we're all impacted by it."},{"startTime":2325.605,"endTime":2328.705,"body":"In and in, in one way or another."},{"startTime":2328.705,"endTime":2333.654,"body":"I, everybody here knows somebody"},{"startTime":2328.705,"endTime":2333.654,"body":"who's in the visitor industry."},{"startTime":2334.524,"endTime":2335.245,"body":"That's Russell Sub."},{"startTime":2335.904,"endTime":2338.095,"body":"He grew up and currently lives in Hawaii."},{"startTime":2340.345,"endTime":2342.325,"body":"You know, I, I can't fault anybody for."},{"startTime":2343.345,"endTime":2346.06,"body":"forgetting a job, you know, they"},{"startTime":2343.345,"endTime":2346.06,"body":"gotta, they gotta feed their family."},{"startTime":2346.06,"endTime":2349.1,"body":"They gotta take care of"},{"startTime":2346.06,"endTime":2349.1,"body":"themselves, and they gotta mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2349.33,"endTime":2350.98,"body":", you know, they gotta be"},{"startTime":2349.33,"endTime":2350.98,"body":"able to survive here."},{"startTime":2350.98,"endTime":2355.45,"body":"And, and if that's the job that, that best"},{"startTime":2350.98,"endTime":2355.45,"body":"suits them, or if that's the job that's"},{"startTime":2355.455,"endTime":2359.23,"body":"available at the moment, then, you know,"},{"startTime":2355.455,"endTime":2359.23,"body":"by all means, you gotta, you gotta do it."},{"startTime":2359.29,"endTime":2359.41,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2359.8,"endTime":2367.45,"body":". Um, but the, the visitor industry"},{"startTime":2359.8,"endTime":2367.45,"body":"does influence a lot of actions"},{"startTime":2367.45,"endTime":2369.07,"body":"that I think the government takes."},{"startTime":2369.52,"endTime":2372.7,"body":"And, you know, it's the"},{"startTime":2369.52,"endTime":2372.7,"body":"number one industry here."},{"startTime":2373.12,"endTime":2376.96,"body":"It's in every lawmaker's interest"},{"startTime":2373.12,"endTime":2376.96,"body":"to preserve the industry, to, to"},{"startTime":2376.96,"endTime":2379.42,"body":"keep jobs, to keep people working."},{"startTime":2379.96,"endTime":2386.38,"body":"And so it's a, it's a hard, it's a hard"},{"startTime":2379.96,"endTime":2386.38,"body":"thing to balance here, knowing that"},{"startTime":2386.86,"endTime":2393.16,"body":"people come, people fall in love with the"},{"startTime":2386.86,"endTime":2393.16,"body":"place, or, or people see the, the value of"},{"startTime":2393.165,"endTime":2397.9,"body":"living here and then people from outside"},{"startTime":2393.165,"endTime":2397.9,"body":"the state buying up land or buying up"},{"startTime":2397.9,"endTime":2399.58,"body":"homes here, you know, making the market."},{"startTime":2400.735,"endTime":2406.555,"body":"More scarce for us, driving up prices,"},{"startTime":2400.735,"endTime":2406.555,"body":"um, for, to, to the point where local"},{"startTime":2406.555,"endTime":2408.445,"body":"people can't afford to live here."},{"startTime":2408.445,"endTime":2411.175,"body":"And I think that's the"},{"startTime":2408.445,"endTime":2411.175,"body":"biggest impact mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2411.355,"endTime":2417.835,"body":"That, that our relationship"},{"startTime":2411.355,"endTime":2417.835,"body":"with visitors has is, is this,"},{"startTime":2417.84,"endTime":2421.465,"body":"is this lack of, of housing."},{"startTime":2421.825,"endTime":2425.605,"body":"Uh, or not, not even really well, it"},{"startTime":2421.825,"endTime":2425.605,"body":"becomes lack of housing, but it really,"},{"startTime":2425.605,"endTime":2431.485,"body":"it's the pricing that is, is, uh, really"},{"startTime":2425.605,"endTime":2431.485,"body":"impacting us in, in a negative way,"},{"startTime":2431.485,"endTime":2437.785,"body":"the average middle class person trying"},{"startTime":2431.485,"endTime":2437.785,"body":"to, trying to make it, um, we're, we're"},{"startTime":2437.785,"endTime":2443.665,"body":"slowly, slowly being priced out of our,"},{"startTime":2437.785,"endTime":2443.665,"body":"our own land, our and our own home."},{"startTime":2448.555,"endTime":2453.415,"body":"My parents moved to the big island, which"},{"startTime":2448.555,"endTime":2453.415,"body":"we, we call it the big island, but I think"},{"startTime":2453.42,"endTime":2458.215,"body":"now most, or I, I think now in a marketing"},{"startTime":2453.42,"endTime":2458.215,"body":"sense, people call it Hawaii Island."},{"startTime":2458.215,"endTime":2458.515,"body":"So we."},{"startTime":2459.055,"endTime":2460.674,"body":"My parents moved to the big"},{"startTime":2459.055,"endTime":2460.674,"body":"island when I was three."},{"startTime":2460.674,"endTime":2461.634,"body":"I grew up there."},{"startTime":2461.935,"endTime":2469.075,"body":"I never left the state until I was 18,"},{"startTime":2461.935,"endTime":2469.075,"body":"but I would, I would fly from the big"},{"startTime":2469.075,"endTime":2472.225,"body":"island to Oahu, uh, fairly regularly."},{"startTime":2472.225,"endTime":2474.444,"body":"My, my parents' family still live on Oahu."},{"startTime":2474.955,"endTime":2477.535,"body":"Uh, so after I graduation,"},{"startTime":2474.955,"endTime":2477.535,"body":"I moved to Colorado."},{"startTime":2477.535,"endTime":2479.125,"body":"I lived there for 15 years."},{"startTime":2479.605,"endTime":2486.774,"body":"I, I got married, I had four kids, and"},{"startTime":2479.605,"endTime":2486.774,"body":"then I moved them back to Hawaii in 2008."},{"startTime":2487.345,"endTime":2488.694,"body":"And I've been back home."},{"startTime":2489.174,"endTime":2493.734,"body":"Uh, initially we moved back to the big"},{"startTime":2489.174,"endTime":2493.734,"body":"island, but after a year we moved to Oahu."},{"startTime":2493.734,"endTime":2495.654,"body":"So we've been back home"},{"startTime":2493.734,"endTime":2495.654,"body":"for about 14 years."},{"startTime":2496.194,"endTime":2498.294,"body":"So what was that like then?"},{"startTime":2498.294,"endTime":2500.185,"body":"That difference of"},{"startTime":2498.294,"endTime":2500.185,"body":"like, going to Colorado?"},{"startTime":2500.924,"endTime":2506.23,"body":"I, I think when I left I was interested"},{"startTime":2500.924,"endTime":2506.23,"body":"in what life was like outside of Hawaii."},{"startTime":2506.575,"endTime":2510.654,"body":"I, I, I think pretty much I"},{"startTime":2506.575,"endTime":2510.654,"body":"wanted to know, I wanted to see"},{"startTime":2510.654,"endTime":2511.944,"body":"things I'd been seeing on tv."},{"startTime":2512.064,"endTime":2513.415,"body":"And so I was eager to leave."},{"startTime":2513.415,"endTime":2517.825,"body":"I was eager to learn new things and"},{"startTime":2513.415,"endTime":2517.825,"body":"see new things, but when I did move,"},{"startTime":2518.32,"endTime":2522.88,"body":"Um, after a while I did find that I"},{"startTime":2518.32,"endTime":2522.88,"body":"missed home and the good thing for me"},{"startTime":2522.88,"endTime":2524.89,"body":"is I had a lot of family in Colorado."},{"startTime":2524.89,"endTime":2529.11,"body":"My dad had two brothers and"},{"startTime":2524.89,"endTime":2529.11,"body":"two cousins and their families."},{"startTime":2529.69,"endTime":2535.24,"body":"And so I spent most of my years"},{"startTime":2529.69,"endTime":2535.24,"body":"in Colorado, uh, with them doing"},{"startTime":2535.245,"endTime":2536.95,"body":"things we would've done here."},{"startTime":2536.955,"endTime":2541.42,"body":"You know, we held Luaus and we had,"},{"startTime":2536.955,"endTime":2541.42,"body":"um, we had family gatherings mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2541.67,"endTime":2546.43,"body":"and we did a lot of Hawaiian things and,"},{"startTime":2541.67,"endTime":2546.43,"body":"um, and so it, it was, it was a good"},{"startTime":2546.435,"endTime":2551.92,"body":"way to stay connected and, and be around"},{"startTime":2546.435,"endTime":2551.92,"body":"familiar way, a familiar way of life."},{"startTime":2552.13,"endTime":2558.31,"body":"Uh, but after a while I felt like it"},{"startTime":2552.13,"endTime":2558.31,"body":"was time to go back home and, and live"},{"startTime":2558.31,"endTime":2564.01,"body":"life for real here and bring my kids"},{"startTime":2558.31,"endTime":2564.01,"body":"back home and allow them to live here"},{"startTime":2564.01,"endTime":2567.91,"body":"and live in the culture here and, and"},{"startTime":2564.01,"endTime":2567.91,"body":"get to know better their family here."},{"startTime":2568.39,"endTime":2568.81,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":2568.815,"endTime":2571.15,"body":"And so could you go into a little"},{"startTime":2568.815,"endTime":2571.15,"body":"more details as far as like"},{"startTime":2571.15,"endTime":2572.32,"body":"your kids living in the culture?"},{"startTime":2572.325,"endTime":2574.06,"body":"Like, what are some specifics there?"},{"startTime":2575.5,"endTime":2576.52,"body":"When, when we were."},{"startTime":2577.495,"endTime":2581.815,"body":"When we were living in Colorado, all"},{"startTime":2577.495,"endTime":2581.815,"body":"of my kids learned to dance hula."},{"startTime":2582.535,"endTime":2589.254,"body":"They learned how to cook the traditional"},{"startTime":2582.535,"endTime":2589.254,"body":"foods, the, the Kahlua pork and things"},{"startTime":2589.254,"endTime":2595.975,"body":"that we see at, at typical luaus, like,"},{"startTime":2589.254,"endTime":2595.975,"body":"uh, chicken long rice and Lomi salmon."},{"startTime":2596.575,"endTime":2601.045,"body":"Uh, we had, we had big luaus"},{"startTime":2596.575,"endTime":2601.045,"body":"whenever somebody graduated or"},{"startTime":2601.045,"endTime":2605.754,"body":"somebody, uh, or a baby turned one,"},{"startTime":2601.045,"endTime":2605.754,"body":"which is pretty typical for here."},{"startTime":2606.234,"endTime":2608.484,"body":"And so my, my kids all performed mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2608.725,"endTime":2610.705,"body":"during those, those times."},{"startTime":2611.395,"endTime":2617.395,"body":"Um, and I think just, just gathering"},{"startTime":2611.395,"endTime":2617.395,"body":"as a family I is a big deal here."},{"startTime":2617.395,"endTime":2620.004,"body":"And so they, they became"},{"startTime":2617.395,"endTime":2620.004,"body":"accustomed to that."},{"startTime":2620.395,"endTime":2624.115,"body":"Um, and I think in addition, I think"},{"startTime":2620.395,"endTime":2624.115,"body":"wearing clothes, I always made sure"},{"startTime":2624.12,"endTime":2629.335,"body":"I, my kids had Hawaiian shirts to"},{"startTime":2624.12,"endTime":2629.335,"body":"wear or something that said on them."},{"startTime":2629.875,"endTime":2631.305,"body":"Um, you know, we, and, and."},{"startTime":2632.845,"endTime":2636.685,"body":"The, the thing that we were lacking"},{"startTime":2632.845,"endTime":2636.685,"body":"though is, uh, I, I don't, I don't"},{"startTime":2636.685,"endTime":2642.535,"body":"speak fluent Hawaiian, and so I"},{"startTime":2636.685,"endTime":2642.535,"body":"only passed down some words to them."},{"startTime":2642.865,"endTime":2645.174,"body":"So language wasn't a,"},{"startTime":2642.865,"endTime":2645.174,"body":"wasn't a big part of it."},{"startTime":2645.785,"endTime":2650.665,"body":"And, and I think, I think they kind"},{"startTime":2645.785,"endTime":2650.665,"body":"of got the basic experience living"},{"startTime":2650.665,"endTime":2652.315,"body":"in the mainland ki kind of things."},{"startTime":2652.319,"endTime":2654.294,"body":"Kind of similar to what I"},{"startTime":2652.319,"endTime":2654.294,"body":"had when I was growing up."},{"startTime":2654.504,"endTime":2657.085,"body":"So then what was your experience, I"},{"startTime":2654.504,"endTime":2657.085,"body":"know you kind of mentioned when you"},{"startTime":2657.085,"endTime":2661.044,"body":"would have friends visit Hawaii and who"},{"startTime":2657.085,"endTime":2661.044,"body":"would have no idea about this history?"},{"startTime":2661.044,"endTime":2662.575,"body":"What were those experiences like?"},{"startTime":2664.254,"endTime":2668.515,"body":"I, I remember one in particular, and"},{"startTime":2664.254,"endTime":2668.515,"body":"I've, I've had a handful of friends"},{"startTime":2668.515,"endTime":2675.444,"body":"come and visit and stay with us, but"},{"startTime":2668.515,"endTime":2675.444,"body":"one couple in particular came to Hawaii."},{"startTime":2675.774,"endTime":2676.825,"body":"Uh, they stayed with us."},{"startTime":2676.825,"endTime":2680.154,"body":"They actually stayed in our home"},{"startTime":2676.825,"endTime":2680.154,"body":"and they, the good thing about"},{"startTime":2680.16,"endTime":2681.384,"body":"them is they were very interested."},{"startTime":2681.625,"endTime":2683.185,"body":"They wanted to know about the history."},{"startTime":2683.185,"endTime":2683.845,"body":"They wanted to."},{"startTime":2684.85,"endTime":2687.37,"body":"Um, how people interacted with each other."},{"startTime":2687.37,"endTime":2691.12,"body":"They, they wanted to know what they"},{"startTime":2687.37,"endTime":2691.12,"body":"should expect during their time."},{"startTime":2691.51,"endTime":2693.58,"body":"And so there, there's some jokes here."},{"startTime":2693.58,"endTime":2697.96,"body":"You know, you don't go to this part"},{"startTime":2693.58,"endTime":2697.96,"body":"because, um, that's where the, this"},{"startTime":2697.96,"endTime":2700.09,"body":"part of the island, cause that's"},{"startTime":2697.96,"endTime":2700.09,"body":"where the real locals are and the"},{"startTime":2700.09,"endTime":2704.08,"body":"real locals, you know, they're, they"},{"startTime":2700.09,"endTime":2704.08,"body":"can be, they can be dangerous, so you"},{"startTime":2704.08,"endTime":2705.22,"body":"don't want to go there without me."},{"startTime":2705.28,"endTime":2709.96,"body":"And it, and we say that in a playful"},{"startTime":2705.28,"endTime":2709.96,"body":"manner, but what they didn't realize"},{"startTime":2709.96,"endTime":2714.94,"body":"as, as I was kind of telling them these"},{"startTime":2709.96,"endTime":2714.94,"body":"things, what they didn't realize is"},{"startTime":2714.945,"endTime":2721.84,"body":"that, is that there was some dispute or"},{"startTime":2714.945,"endTime":2721.84,"body":"there was, there wasn't, um, it didn't,"},{"startTime":2721.87,"endTime":2728.26,"body":"it wasn't a consensus across all of the"},{"startTime":2721.87,"endTime":2728.26,"body":"population for Hawaii to become a state."},{"startTime":2728.26,"endTime":2733.75,"body":"They, I think they had always thought"},{"startTime":2728.26,"endTime":2733.75,"body":"that, that it was something that was"},{"startTime":2733.755,"endTime":2735.85,"body":"exciting to the people at the time."},{"startTime":2736.24,"endTime":2741.28,"body":"And because the United States was the"},{"startTime":2736.24,"endTime":2741.28,"body":"popular kid in the world at that time,"},{"startTime":2741.88,"endTime":2746.785,"body":", it seemed to them only natural that Hawaii"},{"startTime":2741.88,"endTime":2746.785,"body":"would want to join the United States."},{"startTime":2747.085,"endTime":2753.055,"body":"And I think at the time there were a"},{"startTime":2747.085,"endTime":2753.055,"body":"lot of people who, who felt that way?"},{"startTime":2753.055,"endTime":2755.935,"body":"I mean, my grandfather's from that"},{"startTime":2753.055,"endTime":2755.935,"body":"time, and he has a completely different,"},{"startTime":2755.995,"endTime":2760.345,"body":"or he had a completely different view"},{"startTime":2755.995,"endTime":2760.345,"body":"of the re of our state's relationship"},{"startTime":2760.345,"endTime":2762.565,"body":"with the us then people do now."},{"startTime":2763.135,"endTime":2768.715,"body":"And, but, but I w what they didn't"},{"startTime":2763.135,"endTime":2768.715,"body":"realize is how it came to that point,"},{"startTime":2768.715,"endTime":2771.325,"body":"how we had a monarchy and mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2771.41,"endTime":2778.135,"body":"and how, um, some, some business people"},{"startTime":2771.41,"endTime":2778.135,"body":"had infiltrated, uh, a lot of our, uh, a"},{"startTime":2778.135,"endTime":2779.995,"body":"lot of the monarchy and influenced them."},{"startTime":2780.175,"endTime":2786.445,"body":"And that, and it, uh, in 1893, they,"},{"startTime":2780.175,"endTime":2786.445,"body":"they ultimately overthrew the mar,"},{"startTime":2786.535,"endTime":2787.885,"body":"the monarchy, imprison, or queen."},{"startTime":2787.885,"endTime":2787.975,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2788.39,"endTime":2789.955,"body":". They were unaware of all of that."},{"startTime":2790.285,"endTime":2795.235,"body":"And so it was important for me to kind of"},{"startTime":2790.285,"endTime":2795.235,"body":"give 'em a, a basic understanding, right."},{"startTime":2795.295,"endTime":2795.685,"body":"Of."},{"startTime":2796.475,"endTime":2799.06,"body":"of what happened and, and kind"},{"startTime":2796.475,"endTime":2799.06,"body":"of point them in the direction of"},{"startTime":2799.06,"endTime":2802.72,"body":"some historical places they could"},{"startTime":2799.06,"endTime":2802.72,"body":"visit to get a much fuller picture."},{"startTime":2802.75,"endTime":2802.84,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2803.08,"endTime":2805.03,"body":". And so they're from the"},{"startTime":2803.08,"endTime":2805.03,"body":"United States, right?"},{"startTime":2805.9,"endTime":2808.75,"body":"Yes, they were, they were friends that"},{"startTime":2805.9,"endTime":2808.75,"body":"I had made when I was living in ca."},{"startTime":2808.75,"endTime":2809.15,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":2809.155,"endTime":2814.36,"body":"So when you were growing up in school,"},{"startTime":2809.155,"endTime":2814.36,"body":"was the history of how Hawaii became an"},{"startTime":2814.365,"endTime":2818.17,"body":"American state, was that something that"},{"startTime":2814.365,"endTime":2818.17,"body":"was like regularly taught about in school?"},{"startTime":2819.22,"endTime":2823.33,"body":"It, it was, but I don't think that"},{"startTime":2819.22,"endTime":2823.33,"body":"it really went into a lot of depth."},{"startTime":2823.51,"endTime":2829.42,"body":"Uh, we, when I was in elementary"},{"startTime":2823.51,"endTime":2829.42,"body":"school, we had a Hawaiian teacher that"},{"startTime":2829.425,"endTime":2832.78,"body":"would come to our class regularly,"},{"startTime":2829.425,"endTime":2832.78,"body":"and I think there was a lot more"},{"startTime":2833.2,"endTime":2838.33,"body":"of teaching, of, of traditions,"},{"startTime":2833.2,"endTime":2838.33,"body":"maybe song dance, things like that."},{"startTime":2838.75,"endTime":2842.19,"body":"And then in our history"},{"startTime":2838.75,"endTime":2842.19,"body":"classes, we did have textbooks."},{"startTime":2842.195,"endTime":2848.14,"body":"And in, in those textbooks it talked"},{"startTime":2842.195,"endTime":2848.14,"body":"about some of the occurrences that"},{"startTime":2848.14,"endTime":2851.44,"body":"happened leading up to becoming a state."},{"startTime":2851.77,"endTime":2856.0,"body":"Who, the, who the major players were,"},{"startTime":2851.77,"endTime":2856.0,"body":"who the chiefs and the, the kings and the"},{"startTime":2856.0,"endTime":2862.39,"body":"queens, who the, uh, the monarchs were"},{"startTime":2856.0,"endTime":2862.39,"body":"and how they interacted with countries"},{"startTime":2862.395,"endTime":2865.03,"body":"once they started to come to Hawaii."},{"startTime":2865.03,"endTime":2869.2,"body":"So, uh, I think, I think we got"},{"startTime":2865.03,"endTime":2869.2,"body":"a fairly good education now."},{"startTime":2869.205,"endTime":2871.27,"body":"This was in, this is in the eighties."},{"startTime":2871.27,"endTime":2871.63,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2871.89,"endTime":2873.76,"body":". Uh, and I think things"},{"startTime":2871.89,"endTime":2873.76,"body":"are much different now."},{"startTime":2873.765,"endTime":2875.08,"body":"I think things are much better now."},{"startTime":2875.56,"endTime":2880.72,"body":"So I'm also curious how you learned"},{"startTime":2875.56,"endTime":2880.72,"body":"about the United States in school?"},{"startTime":2880.725,"endTime":2884.26,"body":"Like whether it was in like a"},{"startTime":2880.725,"endTime":2884.26,"body":"history course or just in general?"},{"startTime":2885.67,"endTime":2888.85,"body":"I think it was, I think I got it"},{"startTime":2885.67,"endTime":2888.85,"body":"from a lot of different avenues."},{"startTime":2889.37,"endTime":2894.91,"body":"I think in, in school there were,"},{"startTime":2889.37,"endTime":2894.91,"body":"uh, there was curriculum there,"},{"startTime":2894.915,"endTime":2897.16,"body":"you know, there was history,"},{"startTime":2894.915,"endTime":2897.16,"body":"there was Hawaiian history."},{"startTime":2897.55,"endTime":2903.82,"body":"Uh, my family, uh, although my, uh,"},{"startTime":2897.55,"endTime":2903.82,"body":"there's, there's a lot of different,"},{"startTime":2903.85,"endTime":2910.36,"body":"um, there's like a lot of different"},{"startTime":2903.85,"endTime":2910.36,"body":"levels of knowledge, of history amongst."},{"startTime":2911.045,"endTime":2912.235,"body":"The families that live here."},{"startTime":2912.235,"endTime":2917.485,"body":"Now, my, my family, my, my parents,"},{"startTime":2912.235,"endTime":2917.485,"body":"uh, grew up in the seventies."},{"startTime":2917.965,"endTime":2923.785,"body":"And so their parents were from the"},{"startTime":2917.965,"endTime":2923.785,"body":"era where, where Hawaii became a,"},{"startTime":2923.785,"endTime":2927.085,"body":"became a state, and I think, and my"},{"startTime":2923.785,"endTime":2927.085,"body":"grandfather was, was in the military."},{"startTime":2927.085,"endTime":2932.845,"body":"So he was very patriotic, very,"},{"startTime":2927.085,"endTime":2932.845,"body":"um, very appreciative of the us."},{"startTime":2932.845,"endTime":2935.095,"body":"So my, that kind of filtered"},{"startTime":2932.845,"endTime":2935.095,"body":"down into my parents."},{"startTime":2935.485,"endTime":2940.165,"body":"So the, the history that I got from"},{"startTime":2935.485,"endTime":2940.165,"body":"my parents was along the similar"},{"startTime":2940.165,"endTime":2942.235,"body":"lines that Hawaii was a better place."},{"startTime":2942.265,"endTime":2942.355,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2942.595,"endTime":2947.485,"body":"because, uh, because the US had"},{"startTime":2942.595,"endTime":2947.485,"body":"come in and, and annexed our state"},{"startTime":2947.485,"endTime":2949.735,"body":"or our islands to, to the country."},{"startTime":2950.215,"endTime":2953.125,"body":"But there were other, there were"},{"startTime":2950.215,"endTime":2953.125,"body":"other families that we knew, there"},{"startTime":2953.125,"endTime":2956.995,"body":"were other people that we knew that"},{"startTime":2953.125,"endTime":2956.995,"body":"told a different story and they, they"},{"startTime":2956.995,"endTime":2959.485,"body":"told the story of, of the overthrow."},{"startTime":2959.545,"endTime":2959.635,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2960.535,"endTime":2965.365,"body":", how, uh, how our queen was treated and,"},{"startTime":2960.535,"endTime":2965.365,"body":"and how the islands were taken away."},{"startTime":2965.695,"endTime":2966.325,"body":"So I think."},{"startTime":2966.89,"endTime":2970.54,"body":", I think I heard a lot of different"},{"startTime":2966.89,"endTime":2970.54,"body":"points of views from a lot of"},{"startTime":2971.17,"endTime":2973.72,"body":"different groups that were in my life."},{"startTime":2973.9,"endTime":2973.99,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":2973.99,"endTime":2976.359,"body":"Not, not just school, but from family."},{"startTime":2976.359,"endTime":2976.45,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2976.89,"endTime":2981.88,"body":"and friends and, uh, from watching"},{"startTime":2976.89,"endTime":2981.88,"body":"things on, on television or things"},{"startTime":2981.884,"endTime":2983.29,"body":"in movies or reading books mm-hmm."},{"startTime":2983.56,"endTime":2987.58,"body":", uh, it was, it was actually"},{"startTime":2983.56,"endTime":2987.58,"body":"pretty readily available Mm."},{"startTime":2987.58,"endTime":2988.509,"body":"To me growing up."},{"startTime":2988.569,"endTime":2992.08,"body":"So it sound, was it something that"},{"startTime":2988.569,"endTime":2992.08,"body":"I guess was kind of like a regular"},{"startTime":2992.08,"endTime":2994.18,"body":"topic of conversation amongst people?"},{"startTime":2995.41,"endTime":3002.19,"body":"It, it, it, it was, it was, and,"},{"startTime":2995.41,"endTime":3002.19,"body":"and I think a lot of, I think as I"},{"startTime":3002.19,"endTime":3009.9,"body":"was growing up, I think the idea of"},{"startTime":3002.19,"endTime":3009.9,"body":"sovereignty was gaining more traction."},{"startTime":3010.08,"endTime":3014.94,"body":"The idea that that Hawaiians should"},{"startTime":3010.08,"endTime":3014.94,"body":"be able to determine for themselves"},{"startTime":3015.42,"endTime":3019.83,"body":"and determine for the islands"},{"startTime":3015.42,"endTime":3019.83,"body":"how we should move, move forward."},{"startTime":3019.83,"endTime":3019.92,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3020.16,"endTime":3023.16,"body":", how should we, should be governed"},{"startTime":3020.16,"endTime":3023.16,"body":"and, and how we should be and how"},{"startTime":3023.16,"endTime":3024.63,"body":"our resources should be stewarded."},{"startTime":3025.02,"endTime":3025.74,"body":"So I think."},{"startTime":3026.91,"endTime":3031.17,"body":"I think a lot of, when a lot of"},{"startTime":3026.91,"endTime":3031.17,"body":"conversations moved to sovereignty,"},{"startTime":3031.799,"endTime":3034.71,"body":"there was a lot of discussion that"},{"startTime":3031.799,"endTime":3034.71,"body":"I heard or was part of mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3035.069,"endTime":3040.529,"body":"where we, we talked about, you know,"},{"startTime":3035.069,"endTime":3040.529,"body":"what, what was historically true, what"},{"startTime":3040.529,"endTime":3045.18,"body":"was historically accurate and what,"},{"startTime":3040.529,"endTime":3045.18,"body":"what, what the consequences were and"},{"startTime":3045.18,"endTime":3050.279,"body":"what we may or may not be owed or"},{"startTime":3045.18,"endTime":3050.279,"body":"what we may or may not have the right"},{"startTime":3050.279,"endTime":3052.29,"body":"to at the, at that moment in time."},{"startTime":3052.29,"endTime":3052.59,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":3052.62,"endTime":3056.67,"body":"Do you think that, how you're saying"},{"startTime":3052.62,"endTime":3056.67,"body":"your grandfather being part of the"},{"startTime":3056.67,"endTime":3059.97,"body":"military may have contributed to"},{"startTime":3056.67,"endTime":3059.97,"body":"his viewpoint of it versus someone"},{"startTime":3059.975,"endTime":3063.81,"body":"else's grandparents, depending on what"},{"startTime":3059.975,"endTime":3063.81,"body":"they were maybe doing at the time."},{"startTime":3064.259,"endTime":3067.65,"body":"Um, I guess I'm curious, like what"},{"startTime":3064.259,"endTime":3067.65,"body":"are, would you kind of just touched"},{"startTime":3067.65,"endTime":3070.5,"body":"on it, but like what are other"},{"startTime":3067.65,"endTime":3070.5,"body":"factors maybe that have contributed"},{"startTime":3070.5,"endTime":3072.9,"body":"to this change in generation?"},{"startTime":3072.9,"endTime":3075.96,"body":"Like have you seen, I guess more"},{"startTime":3072.9,"endTime":3075.96,"body":"upfront, like the effects of it?"},{"startTime":3075.96,"endTime":3077.4,"body":"Like do you think that made a difference?"},{"startTime":3078.92,"endTime":3080.22,"body":"Yeah, yeah, definitely."},{"startTime":3080.64,"endTime":3088.32,"body":"Um, there, there was a generation"},{"startTime":3080.64,"endTime":3088.32,"body":"where, , it was shameful to be Hawaiian."},{"startTime":3088.32,"endTime":3089.94,"body":"It was shameful to speak Hawaiian."},{"startTime":3089.94,"endTime":3092.04,"body":"It was shameful to dance hula."},{"startTime":3092.61,"endTime":3096.63,"body":"Um, it was, it was shameful to be native."},{"startTime":3097.02,"endTime":3101.91,"body":"And my, my grand, I think my grandfather"},{"startTime":3097.02,"endTime":3101.91,"body":"grew up in that era where, where his"},{"startTime":3101.91,"endTime":3105.759,"body":"parents were, the people that raised him"},{"startTime":3101.91,"endTime":3105.759,"body":"said, you know, put, put the Hawaiian"},{"startTime":3105.765,"endTime":3108.21,"body":"things away and be more American."},{"startTime":3108.21,"endTime":3111.48,"body":"And so my, when my grandfather grew"},{"startTime":3108.21,"endTime":3111.48,"body":"up, that was what was normal to him."},{"startTime":3111.9,"endTime":3112.83,"body":"He joined the military."},{"startTime":3112.835,"endTime":3114.48,"body":"He was a lifelong military man."},{"startTime":3114.48,"endTime":3116.16,"body":"He was very, very patriotic."},{"startTime":3116.55,"endTime":3119.64,"body":"And, and that's how he raised his kids."},{"startTime":3119.645,"endTime":3123.48,"body":"And, and that's how my, my, my"},{"startTime":3119.645,"endTime":3123.48,"body":"mom and her siblings grew up."},{"startTime":3124.14,"endTime":3131.16,"body":"But in the, in the 1970s, there was,"},{"startTime":3124.14,"endTime":3131.16,"body":"I think late sixties, 1970s, there"},{"startTime":3131.165,"endTime":3136.56,"body":"was this big revival in Hawaiian arts"},{"startTime":3131.165,"endTime":3136.56,"body":"that made its way through the state."},{"startTime":3137.13,"endTime":3138.84,"body":"Hawaiian music started coming back."},{"startTime":3138.87,"endTime":3139.29,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3139.38,"endTime":3141.75,"body":", uh, dance started coming back."},{"startTime":3141.92,"endTime":3142.34,"body":"The."},{"startTime":3143.54,"endTime":3148.2,"body":"Uh, the building of the Hokulea and"},{"startTime":3143.54,"endTime":3148.2,"body":"sailing to Tahiti using traditional"},{"startTime":3148.2,"endTime":3150.45,"body":"methods was a huge milestone."},{"startTime":3150.45,"endTime":3150.451,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3151.42,"endTime":3156.09,"body":"arrival of all these cultural arts and"},{"startTime":3151.42,"endTime":3156.09,"body":"all these cultural traditions mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3156.48,"endTime":3159.93,"body":"and this, this all happened I"},{"startTime":3156.48,"endTime":3159.93,"body":"think shortly before I was born."},{"startTime":3160.35,"endTime":3164.88,"body":"And then what I remember growing up is, is"},{"startTime":3160.35,"endTime":3164.88,"body":"listening to the music and learning more"},{"startTime":3164.88,"endTime":3168.15,"body":"about these things that are being revived."},{"startTime":3168.63,"endTime":3172.62,"body":"Um, I couldn't tell you what the"},{"startTime":3168.63,"endTime":3172.62,"body":"impetus was for the revival mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3173.13,"endTime":3179.31,"body":", but I do remember a lot more people"},{"startTime":3173.13,"endTime":3179.31,"body":"taking pride in, in their heritage."},{"startTime":3179.34,"endTime":3179.43,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3179.675,"endTime":3186.0,"body":"and, and in seeking out, uh, the"},{"startTime":3179.675,"endTime":3186.0,"body":"ability to speak or dance or sing or"},{"startTime":3186.36,"endTime":3188.4,"body":"do other traditional Hawaiian things."},{"startTime":3188.91,"endTime":3196.44,"body":"And the, the good thing I, the good thing"},{"startTime":3188.91,"endTime":3196.44,"body":"I is today, things are much different."},{"startTime":3196.44,"endTime":3198.78,"body":"There are Hawaiian"},{"startTime":3196.44,"endTime":3198.78,"body":"language schools that are."},{"startTime":3199.17,"endTime":3203.16,"body":"Perpetuating the language and, and there"},{"startTime":3199.17,"endTime":3203.16,"body":"are a lot more fluent speakers today."},{"startTime":3203.16,"endTime":3207.87,"body":"I, I, I know more fluent speakers"},{"startTime":3203.16,"endTime":3207.87,"body":"did, I know more fluent speakers"},{"startTime":3207.87,"endTime":3210.3,"body":"now than I ever did growing up."},{"startTime":3210.51,"endTime":3210.57,"body":"Wow."},{"startTime":3211.14,"endTime":3217.53,"body":"And there are more, more things"},{"startTime":3211.14,"endTime":3217.53,"body":"available, more, um, more ways to"},{"startTime":3217.53,"endTime":3221.97,"body":"interact and more, uh, more revival."},{"startTime":3221.97,"endTime":3226.68,"body":"I see fish bonds being rebuilt,"},{"startTime":3221.97,"endTime":3226.68,"body":"ancient fish bonds being rebuilt."},{"startTime":3227.25,"endTime":3235.95,"body":"Um, I see a lot more interest in restoring"},{"startTime":3227.25,"endTime":3235.95,"body":"a lot of the, the old ways, the old"},{"startTime":3235.95,"endTime":3242.25,"body":"traditions, the old places, and a lot"},{"startTime":3235.95,"endTime":3242.25,"body":"more preserving that, that lifestyle."},{"startTime":3242.255,"endTime":3242.7,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3243.125,"endTime":3248.64,"body":". Um, um, so I'm curious from your"},{"startTime":3243.125,"endTime":3248.64,"body":"perspective too, like why do you."},{"startTime":3249.63,"endTime":3253.35,"body":"That knowing that history and kind"},{"startTime":3249.63,"endTime":3253.35,"body":"of like that true, more accurate, I"},{"startTime":3253.35,"endTime":3256.74,"body":"guess, description and the history"},{"startTime":3253.35,"endTime":3256.74,"body":"of how Hawaii became a state."},{"startTime":3256.74,"endTime":3259.11,"body":"Like, why do you think that is"},{"startTime":3256.74,"endTime":3259.11,"body":"important for people to know?"},{"startTime":3261.18,"endTime":3266.37,"body":"I, I think it's important for the local"},{"startTime":3261.18,"endTime":3266.37,"body":"people to know because I, I strongly"},{"startTime":3266.375,"endTime":3270.51,"body":"believe that the more you know about your"},{"startTime":3266.375,"endTime":3270.51,"body":"past, the more you know about yourself."},{"startTime":3271.02,"endTime":3274.95,"body":"And I think, I think there are a"},{"startTime":3271.02,"endTime":3274.95,"body":"lot of people that struggle with"},{"startTime":3274.95,"endTime":3279.6,"body":"identity, you know, with, um, in"},{"startTime":3274.95,"endTime":3279.6,"body":"a, in a lot of different ways."},{"startTime":3280.26,"endTime":3287.19,"body":"And I know for myself, it was hard"},{"startTime":3280.26,"endTime":3287.19,"body":"to reconcile being Hawaiian, living"},{"startTime":3287.28,"endTime":3293.25,"body":"on the, on the continent, living in"},{"startTime":3287.28,"endTime":3293.25,"body":"Colorado, um, not knowing, not not being"},{"startTime":3293.255,"endTime":3297.78,"body":"fluent in my own language, not knowing"},{"startTime":3293.255,"endTime":3297.78,"body":"the fullness of my, of my history."},{"startTime":3298.47,"endTime":3302.8,"body":"And so I think for ourselves, the"},{"startTime":3298.47,"endTime":3302.8,"body":"more we know who we are, what we've,"},{"startTime":3303.18,"endTime":3306.99,"body":"what we've accomplished in the"},{"startTime":3303.18,"endTime":3306.99,"body":"past as a people, and I think there"},{"startTime":3306.99,"endTime":3308.64,"body":"are some pretty impressive things."},{"startTime":3308.64,"endTime":3312.884,"body":"I mean, Being able to sail the South"},{"startTime":3308.64,"endTime":3312.884,"body":"Pacific is a thing we ought to be very"},{"startTime":3312.884,"endTime":3318.645,"body":"proud of, uh, in a, in a day and age where"},{"startTime":3312.884,"endTime":3318.645,"body":"you, no modern technology, just the use of"},{"startTime":3318.645,"endTime":3320.535,"body":"the stars and the currents and the tides."},{"startTime":3321.165,"endTime":3327.915,"body":"And I think the more young Hawaiians know"},{"startTime":3321.165,"endTime":3327.915,"body":"what kind of people we were, how capable"},{"startTime":3327.915,"endTime":3332.955,"body":"we are, how innovative we are, I think"},{"startTime":3327.915,"endTime":3332.955,"body":"the more confidence they'll have moving"},{"startTime":3332.955,"endTime":3337.484,"body":"forward knowing that they can accomplish"},{"startTime":3332.955,"endTime":3337.484,"body":"the things that they have their heart"},{"startTime":3337.49,"endTime":3339.165,"body":"set on or that they're interested in."},{"startTime":3339.254,"endTime":3339.495,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3339.674,"endTime":3344.295,"body":". And, and we don't have to feel like, you"},{"startTime":3339.674,"endTime":3344.295,"body":"know, we're, we have to take a backseat"},{"startTime":3344.299,"endTime":3350.775,"body":"to any of the other, uh, ethnicities"},{"startTime":3344.299,"endTime":3350.775,"body":"that, that call this, this state home."},{"startTime":3350.775,"endTime":3354.045,"body":"And I think for people that are"},{"startTime":3350.775,"endTime":3354.045,"body":"non Hawaiian or people outside of"},{"startTime":3354.045,"endTime":3359.654,"body":"Hawaii, I think it's important to,"},{"startTime":3354.045,"endTime":3359.654,"body":"to know so that they have an accurate"},{"startTime":3359.66,"endTime":3364.634,"body":"view of who we are as a people and,"},{"startTime":3359.66,"endTime":3364.634,"body":"and who the Hawaiian people are."},{"startTime":3365.025,"endTime":3367.515,"body":"Um, I, I definitely."},{"startTime":3368.64,"endTime":3374.13,"body":"one, one thing that really, that that"},{"startTime":3368.64,"endTime":3374.13,"body":"just really gets under my skin is the,"},{"startTime":3375.15,"endTime":3382.11,"body":"the, the people that come to visit with"},{"startTime":3375.15,"endTime":3382.11,"body":"the mentality that, that them visiting"},{"startTime":3382.11,"endTime":3387.99,"body":"Hawaii is helping us, is giving us a"},{"startTime":3382.11,"endTime":3387.99,"body":"job or putting money into our economy."},{"startTime":3388.44,"endTime":3392.25,"body":"And so a lot of times it comes with this,"},{"startTime":3388.44,"endTime":3392.25,"body":"with this big sense of entitlement mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3392.55,"endTime":3396.48,"body":"that we ought to, you know, we"},{"startTime":3392.55,"endTime":3396.48,"body":"ought to, to bend the way we"},{"startTime":3396.485,"endTime":3401.07,"body":"live or give them special access"},{"startTime":3396.485,"endTime":3401.07,"body":"because they're doing us a favor."},{"startTime":3401.55,"endTime":3406.95,"body":"And I think if they were to know"},{"startTime":3401.55,"endTime":3406.95,"body":"that, that this, that Hawaii is a"},{"startTime":3406.95,"endTime":3412.05,"body":"home with a history and a, and a"},{"startTime":3406.95,"endTime":3412.05,"body":"culture, a u a unique history, a unique"},{"startTime":3412.05,"endTime":3416.79,"body":"culture, I think that, I think they"},{"startTime":3412.05,"endTime":3416.79,"body":"would see us in a different light."},{"startTime":3417.36,"endTime":3423.96,"body":"And I, I feel like they would come with"},{"startTime":3417.36,"endTime":3423.96,"body":"a lot more, with a lot more, uh, respect"},{"startTime":3424.17,"endTime":3425.97,"body":"and a more, and in a more humble manner."},{"startTime":3425.97,"endTime":3426.3,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3426.306,"endTime":3426.54,"body":"and."},{"startTime":3428.065,"endTime":3433.14,"body":"and in a, in a, in the long term, be"},{"startTime":3428.065,"endTime":3433.14,"body":"able to learn more about our history"},{"startTime":3433.14,"endTime":3437.37,"body":"and our traditions and being able to,"},{"startTime":3433.14,"endTime":3437.37,"body":"you know, and make it part of their"},{"startTime":3437.375,"endTime":3443.4,"body":"own lives and maybe even spread, you"},{"startTime":3437.375,"endTime":3443.4,"body":"know, uh, pieces of our culture as"},{"startTime":3443.4,"endTime":3444.37,"body":"they move forward in their lives."},{"startTime":3444.81,"endTime":3447.9,"body":"You know, take something good from us"},{"startTime":3444.81,"endTime":3447.9,"body":"and make it a good part of their lives."},{"startTime":3447.9,"endTime":3448.56,"body":"Definitely."},{"startTime":3448.65,"endTime":3453.18,"body":"Do you have any, I guess, specific"},{"startTime":3448.65,"endTime":3453.18,"body":"memories or situations where, you"},{"startTime":3453.185,"endTime":3456.84,"body":"know, you've seen how tourists have"},{"startTime":3453.185,"endTime":3456.84,"body":"treated maybe the people or land or"},{"startTime":3456.84,"endTime":3458.37,"body":"anything, or maybe disrespected it?"},{"startTime":3460.36,"endTime":3464.91,"body":"I, I think I see a lot on, I see"},{"startTime":3460.36,"endTime":3464.91,"body":"a lot of things on social media."},{"startTime":3464.97,"endTime":3465.12,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3465.6,"endTime":3469.17,"body":", um, I, I, I don't work in"},{"startTime":3465.6,"endTime":3469.17,"body":"the visitor industry mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3469.59,"endTime":3474.57,"body":", uh, I don't spend a lot of time, you know,"},{"startTime":3469.59,"endTime":3474.57,"body":"in Waikiki or at beaches where there are"},{"startTime":3474.575,"endTime":3479.46,"body":"a lot of visitors and, and it's just,"},{"startTime":3474.575,"endTime":3479.46,"body":"it's just not my, it's just not my thing."},{"startTime":3479.465,"endTime":3479.7,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":3479.705,"endTime":3483.509,"body":"I don't, you know, I don't, I'm"},{"startTime":3479.705,"endTime":3483.509,"body":"not saying that, um, I don't like"},{"startTime":3483.509,"endTime":3485.13,"body":"being around them, so I don't know."},{"startTime":3485.68,"endTime":3486.56,"body":"maybe personally."},{"startTime":3486.56,"endTime":3487.0,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3488.22,"endTime":3491.67,"body":", but I see, I see quite a"},{"startTime":3488.22,"endTime":3491.67,"body":"bit on, on social media."},{"startTime":3491.67,"endTime":3492.48,"body":"I see quite a bit."},{"startTime":3493.32,"endTime":3499.41,"body":"There's been a lot of tourists that"},{"startTime":3493.32,"endTime":3499.41,"body":"have, um, messed around with the monk"},{"startTime":3499.415,"endTime":3501.78,"body":"seals on the beach that are endangered."},{"startTime":3501.78,"endTime":3504.45,"body":"They're not supposed to touch them,"},{"startTime":3501.78,"endTime":3504.45,"body":"they're not supposed to be within a"},{"startTime":3504.45,"endTime":3506.91,"body":"certain, uh, amount of distance from them."},{"startTime":3507.24,"endTime":3512.67,"body":"Um, I know tourists are always trying"},{"startTime":3507.24,"endTime":3512.67,"body":"to grab turtles and trying to ride them."},{"startTime":3513.15,"endTime":3515.97,"body":"Um, and turtles are another"},{"startTime":3513.15,"endTime":3515.97,"body":"endangered species that are"},{"startTime":3515.97,"endTime":3517.05,"body":"not supposed to be touched."},{"startTime":3517.41,"endTime":3523.41,"body":"I see people getting too close to"},{"startTime":3517.41,"endTime":3523.41,"body":"the, to the edge of where water is"},{"startTime":3523.41,"endTime":3528.33,"body":"really rough and oftentimes, um,"},{"startTime":3523.41,"endTime":3528.33,"body":"um, getting injured or, or getting"},{"startTime":3528.33,"endTime":3529.77,"body":"pulled out to sea because of it."},{"startTime":3530.07,"endTime":3536.13,"body":"So I see a lot of things where a"},{"startTime":3530.07,"endTime":3536.13,"body":"lack of education or maybe or, or"},{"startTime":3536.13,"endTime":3540.6,"body":"maybe some form of hubris puts them"},{"startTime":3536.13,"endTime":3540.6,"body":"in a position that their actions"},{"startTime":3540.6,"endTime":3542.46,"body":"seem de really disrespectful."},{"startTime":3542.465,"endTime":3542.53,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3542.61,"endTime":3542.69,"body":"to."},{"startTime":3543.795,"endTime":3545.745,"body":"To our life and, and the"},{"startTime":3543.795,"endTime":3545.745,"body":"way we do things here."},{"startTime":3545.805,"endTime":3546.135,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":3546.315,"endTime":3550.305,"body":"I definitely do think it, it all comes"},{"startTime":3546.315,"endTime":3550.305,"body":"back to like a lack of education."},{"startTime":3550.305,"endTime":3553.995,"body":"And the only reason why I really"},{"startTime":3550.305,"endTime":3553.995,"body":"was introduced to these specific"},{"startTime":3553.995,"endTime":3558.195,"body":"things that you're talking about is"},{"startTime":3553.995,"endTime":3558.195,"body":"because I knew somebody from Hawaii."},{"startTime":3558.195,"endTime":3561.135,"body":"So it's, I think it's a little"},{"startTime":3558.195,"endTime":3561.135,"body":"unfortunate that it's like you"},{"startTime":3561.135,"endTime":3564.975,"body":"have to know somebody from there"},{"startTime":3561.135,"endTime":3564.975,"body":"when it could be talked about more."},{"startTime":3565.605,"endTime":3568.665,"body":"Um, yeah, so I, I hope that people"},{"startTime":3565.605,"endTime":3568.665,"body":"at least like, walk away from this"},{"startTime":3568.665,"endTime":3573.165,"body":"episode with that urge of like,"},{"startTime":3568.665,"endTime":3573.165,"body":"yeah, maybe I should learn more."},{"startTime":3573.165,"endTime":3576.285,"body":"Like, not even just about this"},{"startTime":3573.165,"endTime":3576.285,"body":"specific history, but just about"},{"startTime":3576.285,"endTime":3578.415,"body":"the culture and how to respect it."},{"startTime":3579.695,"endTime":3581.475,"body":"I, I definitely hope so as well."},{"startTime":3581.475,"endTime":3587.805,"body":"I think, I think we as a people are"},{"startTime":3581.475,"endTime":3587.805,"body":"very welcoming people, but we're also"},{"startTime":3587.865,"endTime":3592.155,"body":"on the lookout for, you know, who is"},{"startTime":3587.865,"endTime":3592.155,"body":"respectful, who is disrespectful, who"},{"startTime":3592.155,"endTime":3597.225,"body":"feels entitled, and I think if you"},{"startTime":3592.155,"endTime":3597.225,"body":"come in with, with an attitude that"},{"startTime":3597.405,"endTime":3602.176,"body":"you wanna learn and you want to do"},{"startTime":3597.405,"endTime":3602.176,"body":"things the right way and you want to."},{"startTime":3602.79,"endTime":3606.96,"body":"You want to assimilate into the"},{"startTime":3602.79,"endTime":3606.96,"body":"way that life is here, I think"},{"startTime":3606.96,"endTime":3610.169,"body":"that that's the right way to"},{"startTime":3606.96,"endTime":3610.169,"body":"approach it and I think you'll have"},{"startTime":3610.169,"endTime":3612.419,"body":"a, a much different experience."},{"startTime":3612.424,"endTime":3612.5,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3612.58,"endTime":3615.299,"body":"and a much better experience"},{"startTime":3612.58,"endTime":3615.299,"body":"when, when you do that."},{"startTime":3616.29,"endTime":3620.759,"body":"I think what people really need"},{"startTime":3616.29,"endTime":3620.759,"body":"to understand is that even though"},{"startTime":3620.79,"endTime":3627.06,"body":"Hawaii is the 50th state in the"},{"startTime":3620.79,"endTime":3627.06,"body":"United States, wahi is not America."},{"startTime":3627.089,"endTime":3627.21,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3628.259,"endTime":3631.319,"body":", I think that's a, I think that's"},{"startTime":3628.259,"endTime":3631.319,"body":"a pretty distinct, a pretty"},{"startTime":3631.319,"endTime":3632.7,"body":"important distinction to make."},{"startTime":3633.21,"endTime":3633.569,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":3633.575,"endTime":3637.5,"body":"And it's interesting cuz as you were"},{"startTime":3633.575,"endTime":3637.5,"body":"saying that like if somebody I know is"},{"startTime":3637.5,"endTime":3641.339,"body":"talking about, oh, well I wanna move to"},{"startTime":3637.5,"endTime":3641.339,"body":"Amsterdam, but they'll immediately say,"},{"startTime":3641.58,"endTime":3645.029,"body":"but they don't, like if you don't speak"},{"startTime":3641.58,"endTime":3645.029,"body":"the language there or which I'm just, I"},{"startTime":3645.029,"endTime":3647.549,"body":"don't wanna like speak for people from"},{"startTime":3645.029,"endTime":3647.549,"body":"Amsterdam if that's like a real thing."},{"startTime":3647.549,"endTime":3648.96,"body":"I'm just kinda using it as an example."},{"startTime":3649.259,"endTime":3653.009,"body":"People have like, oh, if it's in another"},{"startTime":3649.259,"endTime":3653.009,"body":"country, they consider those things about"},{"startTime":3653.009,"endTime":3655.02,"body":"how you have to adapt to live there."},{"startTime":3655.41,"endTime":3656.19,"body":"But I think."},{"startTime":3657.045,"endTime":3660.825,"body":"From my personal perspective and"},{"startTime":3657.045,"endTime":3660.825,"body":"opinion, just the way we learn."},{"startTime":3660.945,"endTime":3663.675,"body":"We're just kind of told growing"},{"startTime":3660.945,"endTime":3663.675,"body":"up, at least my experience in Ohio,"},{"startTime":3663.675,"endTime":3666.915,"body":"like Hawaii is one of the 50 states."},{"startTime":3667.005,"endTime":3670.395,"body":"So I think people are conditioned"},{"startTime":3667.005,"endTime":3670.395,"body":"to think of Hawaii as America."},{"startTime":3670.395,"endTime":3674.415,"body":"And unless you do go there and know"},{"startTime":3670.395,"endTime":3674.415,"body":"people from there, it's not at all"},{"startTime":3674.715,"endTime":3676.005,"body":"like how you're saying American."},{"startTime":3676.005,"endTime":3679.515,"body":"And so I think that's kind of where"},{"startTime":3676.005,"endTime":3679.515,"body":"that sense of entitlement comes from."},{"startTime":3679.515,"endTime":3682.785,"body":"Like we don't learn about it"},{"startTime":3679.515,"endTime":3682.785,"body":"as in its own specific way."},{"startTime":3683.805,"endTime":3684.195,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3684.255,"endTime":3685.245,"body":"Yeah, I would agree with that."},{"startTime":3685.25,"endTime":3691.785,"body":"I, I, I feel like the root of, of this,"},{"startTime":3685.25,"endTime":3691.785,"body":"um, of that, that point of view or,"},{"startTime":3691.785,"endTime":3695.595,"body":"or some of the entitlement that we see"},{"startTime":3691.785,"endTime":3695.595,"body":"when, when visitors do come, is this"},{"startTime":3695.595,"endTime":3700.605,"body":"idea that they're, they're stepping from,"},{"startTime":3695.595,"endTime":3700.605,"body":"you know, California into California"},{"startTime":3700.605,"endTime":3707.175,"body":"West or you know, from middle America"},{"startTime":3700.605,"endTime":3707.175,"body":"to just this really far part of America"},{"startTime":3707.205,"endTime":3709.005,"body":"off on, in the middle of the ocean."},{"startTime":3709.045,"endTime":3709.405,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3709.49,"endTime":3713.565,"body":"when, when the, when"},{"startTime":3709.49,"endTime":3713.565,"body":"Hawaii is a, is a very."},{"startTime":3714.0,"endTime":3719.009,"body":"Different and, and unique place with"},{"startTime":3714.0,"endTime":3719.009,"body":"different values and, um, and just a,"},{"startTime":3719.009,"endTime":3721.02,"body":"just a different type of lifestyle."},{"startTime":3721.68,"endTime":3727.65,"body":"So I'm curious, like, for you, learning"},{"startTime":3721.68,"endTime":3727.65,"body":"history in school, did you even, did"},{"startTime":3727.654,"endTime":3730.319,"body":"you learn about other history, I guess"},{"startTime":3727.654,"endTime":3730.319,"body":"besides like Hawaiian history, like what"},{"startTime":3730.319,"endTime":3732.569,"body":"were history classes like in Hawaii?"},{"startTime":3732.839,"endTime":3734.009,"body":"As far as what they covered?"},{"startTime":3734.56,"endTime":3735.049,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3735.055,"endTime":3740.19,"body":"And when I was growing up in the eighties,"},{"startTime":3735.055,"endTime":3740.19,"body":"it was, it was a lot of American history."},{"startTime":3740.58,"endTime":3744.24,"body":"Um, some, some world history,"},{"startTime":3740.58,"endTime":3744.24,"body":"some Hawaiian history."},{"startTime":3744.72,"endTime":3752.49,"body":"But I could tell you more about, uh,"},{"startTime":3744.72,"endTime":3752.49,"body":"the Revolutionary War or the Civil"},{"startTime":3752.49,"endTime":3754.65,"body":"War, or the industrial Revolution."},{"startTime":3754.65,"endTime":3757.98,"body":"I, I, those are all probably"},{"startTime":3754.65,"endTime":3757.98,"body":"more familiar to me or were more"},{"startTime":3757.98,"endTime":3763.74,"body":"familiar to me growing up than,"},{"startTime":3757.98,"endTime":3763.74,"body":"than things that happened in Hawaii."},{"startTime":3763.98,"endTime":3767.31,"body":"Like, uh, like the"},{"startTime":3763.98,"endTime":3767.31,"body":"succession of, of Kings."},{"startTime":3767.37,"endTime":3767.529,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3767.609,"endTime":3771.45,"body":", like the poll of prayer, like the"},{"startTime":3767.609,"endTime":3771.45,"body":"overthrow, uh, even, even on the"},{"startTime":3771.45,"endTime":3773.25,"body":"hundredth anniversary of the overthrow."},{"startTime":3774.295,"endTime":3780.615,"body":"I don't even really think that it, it was,"},{"startTime":3774.295,"endTime":3780.615,"body":"it was well known or, or was known enough."},{"startTime":3780.944,"endTime":3782.024,"body":"Uh, what happened?"},{"startTime":3782.024,"endTime":3784.634,"body":"I think people understood that"},{"startTime":3782.024,"endTime":3784.634,"body":"it happened a hundred years ago."},{"startTime":3784.725,"endTime":3784.815,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3786.105,"endTime":3791.115,"body":". Um, I don't think people, uh, I"},{"startTime":3786.105,"endTime":3791.115,"body":"don't remember anything really"},{"startTime":3791.115,"endTime":3794.654,"body":"big happening right on, on that"},{"startTime":3791.115,"endTime":3794.654,"body":"hundred hundredth anniversary."},{"startTime":3794.654,"endTime":3802.035,"body":"So I think, um, I think that"},{"startTime":3794.654,"endTime":3802.035,"body":"old adage that winners write"},{"startTime":3802.035,"endTime":3803.504,"body":"history or the victor's mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3803.745,"endTime":3809.565,"body":"write history, I think that's a big"},{"startTime":3803.745,"endTime":3809.565,"body":"component to what gets taught in schools."},{"startTime":3809.565,"endTime":3809.805,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":3810.475,"endTime":3816.524,"body":"I think what I think the US'"},{"startTime":3810.475,"endTime":3816.524,"body":"involvement in the overthrow may be,"},{"startTime":3817.395,"endTime":3820.605,"body":"you know, maybe something that they"},{"startTime":3817.395,"endTime":3820.605,"body":"would rather that historians would"},{"startTime":3820.605,"endTime":3822.424,"body":"rather sweep under the rug mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3822.509,"endTime":3824.085,"body":"than have in the book."},{"startTime":3824.089,"endTime":3828.194,"body":"So maybe that's not talked about, maybe"},{"startTime":3824.089,"endTime":3828.194,"body":"that's not focused on, I mean, it took"},{"startTime":3828.194,"endTime":3830.805,"body":"until President Clinton's administration."},{"startTime":3831.465,"endTime":3832.8,"body":"to make that apology Right."},{"startTime":3832.95,"endTime":3834.03,"body":"To native Hawaiians."},{"startTime":3834.03,"endTime":3838.38,"body":"And so all the way up until that point,"},{"startTime":3834.03,"endTime":3838.38,"body":"you know, the US didn't even officially"},{"startTime":3838.38,"endTime":3840.6,"body":"recognize the overthrow mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3840.68,"endTime":3843.18,"body":"and, and, and their, their"},{"startTime":3840.68,"endTime":3843.18,"body":"part in the overthrow."},{"startTime":3843.33,"endTime":3843.42,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3843.425,"endTime":3847.53,"body":"And I just think it's inter like, to"},{"startTime":3843.425,"endTime":3847.53,"body":"me it really seems like it was more"},{"startTime":3847.53,"endTime":3852.36,"body":"convenient to o omit all of these things"},{"startTime":3847.53,"endTime":3852.36,"body":"because it doesn't make America look good."},{"startTime":3852.87,"endTime":3857.76,"body":"And walking away from American history,"},{"startTime":3852.87,"endTime":3857.76,"body":"you have this feeling of like, America"},{"startTime":3857.76,"endTime":3861.66,"body":"is like the greatest country in the"},{"startTime":3857.76,"endTime":3861.66,"body":"world and we've done a and, and also"},{"startTime":3861.93,"endTime":3865.32,"body":"I think it's this aspect of, oh, we"},{"startTime":3861.93,"endTime":3865.32,"body":"did these bad things so long ago, but"},{"startTime":3865.325,"endTime":3870.84,"body":"there's still, I, I, from what I've"},{"startTime":3865.325,"endTime":3870.84,"body":"seen and like learned about still ways"},{"startTime":3871.14,"endTime":3875.19,"body":"Hawaii's being negatively impacted by"},{"startTime":3871.14,"endTime":3875.19,"body":"the US and so I'm just like, seems very"},{"startTime":3875.19,"endTime":3877.02,"body":"convenient for us not to learn about that."},{"startTime":3877.41,"endTime":3878.13,"body":"So yeah."},{"startTime":3878.13,"endTime":3881.43,"body":"It's just like one thing after"},{"startTime":3878.13,"endTime":3881.43,"body":"another that's just totally omitted."},{"startTime":3883.11,"endTime":3883.41,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3883.62,"endTime":3883.8,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3883.805,"endTime":3888.87,"body":"I think, I think there are a lot"},{"startTime":3883.805,"endTime":3888.87,"body":"of, um, A lot of things that, that"},{"startTime":3888.87,"endTime":3891.36,"body":"are overlooked or, or omitted."},{"startTime":3891.63,"endTime":3896.82,"body":"And I, I think us being such a"},{"startTime":3891.63,"endTime":3896.82,"body":"small state, I think the, the size"},{"startTime":3896.82,"endTime":3898.68,"body":"of our state contributes to that."},{"startTime":3898.68,"endTime":3905.46,"body":"I think our relatively, um, we, you know,"},{"startTime":3898.68,"endTime":3905.46,"body":"we've only been a, a state since 1959."},{"startTime":3905.465,"endTime":3905.49,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3905.57,"endTime":3908.52,"body":", I think that that plays"},{"startTime":3905.57,"endTime":3908.52,"body":"a, a role in it as well."},{"startTime":3909.06,"endTime":3914.49,"body":"Um, but the, but the good thing, the"},{"startTime":3909.06,"endTime":3914.49,"body":"good thing is that a lot of us have"},{"startTime":3914.49,"endTime":3921.06,"body":"taken it on ourselves to, to bring"},{"startTime":3914.49,"endTime":3921.06,"body":"that history back and to revive things."},{"startTime":3921.06,"endTime":3927.54,"body":"So what, what I see now as, as compared"},{"startTime":3921.06,"endTime":3927.54,"body":"to when I was growing up, is just this"},{"startTime":3927.9,"endTime":3932.031,"body":"huge revival and, and there's a lot more"},{"startTime":3927.9,"endTime":3932.031,"body":"opportunities to learn the language, a"},{"startTime":3932.036,"endTime":3936.18,"body":"lot more opportunities to learn about"},{"startTime":3932.036,"endTime":3936.18,"body":"important things that have happened."},{"startTime":3936.54,"endTime":3942.93,"body":"Um, and, and just a, just a"},{"startTime":3936.54,"endTime":3942.93,"body":"lot more, a lot more placing,"},{"startTime":3942.93,"endTime":3945.2,"body":"a lot more importance now on."},{"startTime":3946.109,"endTime":3951.87,"body":"On our history and our, and our culture,"},{"startTime":3946.109,"endTime":3951.87,"body":"despite any, any other attempt to"},{"startTime":3952.83,"endTime":3954.99,"body":"overlook it, omit it, or, or suppress it."},{"startTime":3954.99,"endTime":3960.81,"body":"Maybe even, uh, a lot of content creators"},{"startTime":3954.99,"endTime":3960.81,"body":"out there that want to educate people"},{"startTime":3960.87,"endTime":3963.6,"body":"want to inform, inform more people."},{"startTime":3963.899,"endTime":3967.529,"body":"So I'm ha I'm, I'm happy to see"},{"startTime":3963.899,"endTime":3967.529,"body":"more of, of that kind of content"},{"startTime":3967.529,"endTime":3971.27,"body":"being put out there and, and, uh,"},{"startTime":3967.529,"endTime":3971.27,"body":"people being able to learn from it."},{"startTime":3971.27,"endTime":3971.47,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3971.879,"endTime":3976.71,"body":", I would just, what, what I think I"},{"startTime":3971.879,"endTime":3976.71,"body":"would love for people outside of Hawaii"},{"startTime":3976.71,"endTime":3979.62,"body":"to do is, is yes, come and visit us."},{"startTime":3980.16,"endTime":3982.799,"body":"I feel like there's a"},{"startTime":3980.16,"endTime":3982.799,"body":"lot they could learn."},{"startTime":3982.799,"endTime":3987.899,"body":"I feel like there's a lot we could"},{"startTime":3982.799,"endTime":3987.899,"body":"learn from them as well, but I"},{"startTime":3987.899,"endTime":3992.92,"body":"think when you come and visit, find"},{"startTime":3987.899,"endTime":3992.92,"body":"opportunities to do something mm-hmm."},{"startTime":3993.0,"endTime":3993.279,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":3993.279,"endTime":3996.48,"body":"And, and not just look at something"},{"startTime":3993.279,"endTime":3996.48,"body":"and not just see something,"},{"startTime":3996.93,"endTime":3998.22,"body":"uh, do, do all those things."},{"startTime":3998.225,"endTime":4000.95,"body":"I mean, those, there's a lot of"},{"startTime":3998.225,"endTime":4000.95,"body":"important history and important"},{"startTime":4000.95,"endTime":4004.549,"body":"culture here, but find a, find a"},{"startTime":4000.95,"endTime":4004.549,"body":"way to do something, whether it's."},{"startTime":4004.985,"endTime":4011.525,"body":"Plant a tree or, um, or harvest some,"},{"startTime":4004.985,"endTime":4011.525,"body":"some taro or some call or to, to"},{"startTime":4011.525,"endTime":4021.965,"body":"pound that call into poi or, or, or"},{"startTime":4011.525,"endTime":4021.965,"body":"find a way to, to, to learn how to"},{"startTime":4021.965,"endTime":4027.625,"body":"dance, hula, or to speak or, or to"},{"startTime":4021.965,"endTime":4027.625,"body":"speak conversationally in Hawaiian."},{"startTime":4027.815,"endTime":4033.305,"body":"Because I think, I think that'll"},{"startTime":4027.815,"endTime":4033.305,"body":"change your perspective on who"},{"startTime":4033.31,"endTime":4035.135,"body":"we are and what this place is."},{"startTime":4035.555,"endTime":4043.715,"body":"And I think you'll leave with a, with"},{"startTime":4035.555,"endTime":4043.715,"body":"just a, a stronger sense of who we are."},{"startTime":4044.165,"endTime":4048.185,"body":"And even, you know, even"},{"startTime":4044.165,"endTime":4048.185,"body":"it could change you."},{"startTime":4048.185,"endTime":4053.525,"body":"You could even change who you"},{"startTime":4048.185,"endTime":4053.525,"body":"think you are and even touch"},{"startTime":4053.525,"endTime":4055.265,"body":"maybe who you want to be."},{"startTime":4055.925,"endTime":4056.105,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4056.105,"endTime":4060.185,"body":"And I think just really"},{"startTime":4056.105,"endTime":4060.185,"body":"focusing on how Hawaii has"},{"startTime":4060.185,"endTime":4062.195,"body":"contributed to the United States."},{"startTime":4062.195,"endTime":4062.795,"body":"Like what."},{"startTime":4063.47,"endTime":4067.7,"body":"We have benefited from, you know,"},{"startTime":4063.47,"endTime":4067.7,"body":"there's a lot of history there too."},{"startTime":4067.7,"endTime":4071.21,"body":"And so I think that, um, something"},{"startTime":4067.7,"endTime":4071.21,"body":"that comes up in every single episode"},{"startTime":4071.21,"endTime":4073.49,"body":"is what history should be celebrated."},{"startTime":4073.495,"endTime":4076.22,"body":"Like what groups of people should"},{"startTime":4073.495,"endTime":4076.22,"body":"be celebrated for instead of just,"},{"startTime":4076.79,"endTime":4080.06,"body":"you know, something bad happened"},{"startTime":4076.79,"endTime":4080.06,"body":"in this place or to these people."},{"startTime":4080.299,"endTime":4084.89,"body":"Um, so I guess if you had to leave"},{"startTime":4080.299,"endTime":4084.89,"body":"somebody, like a listener who doesn't"},{"startTime":4084.89,"endTime":4088.97,"body":"know much about Hawaiian culture with"},{"startTime":4084.89,"endTime":4088.97,"body":"something to look up or look into,"},{"startTime":4089.24,"endTime":4092.54,"body":"um, is there like one topic where you"},{"startTime":4089.24,"endTime":4092.54,"body":"would maybe suggest somebody starts?"},{"startTime":4093.83,"endTime":4098.899,"body":"I, I would suggest, I would"},{"startTime":4093.83,"endTime":4098.899,"body":"suggest taking a look at our last"},{"startTime":4098.904,"endTime":4101.779,"body":"Queen, uh, queen Lilly Kalani."},{"startTime":4102.189,"endTime":4106.88,"body":"I think that she was an"},{"startTime":4102.189,"endTime":4106.88,"body":"incredibly talented person."},{"startTime":4107.479,"endTime":4111.47,"body":"Um, she's very well known for"},{"startTime":4107.479,"endTime":4111.47,"body":"the songs that she's written for,"},{"startTime":4111.474,"endTime":4112.7,"body":"the lyrics that she's written."},{"startTime":4113.09,"endTime":4116.12,"body":"Uh, she's written a book called"},{"startTime":4113.09,"endTime":4116.12,"body":"Hawaii Story by The Last Queen."},{"startTime":4116.84,"endTime":4122.885,"body":"And I think, I think if people were to"},{"startTime":4116.84,"endTime":4122.885,"body":"read about her, And read how talented"},{"startTime":4122.885,"endTime":4125.165,"body":"she was and, and how loving she was."},{"startTime":4125.795,"endTime":4133.835,"body":"And then realized that when,"},{"startTime":4125.795,"endTime":4133.835,"body":"when she was overthrown that she,"},{"startTime":4133.925,"endTime":4137.524,"body":"that there was, she didn't have"},{"startTime":4133.925,"endTime":4137.524,"body":"this big cry for revenge, right."},{"startTime":4137.524,"endTime":4142.264,"body":"She didn't tell the people, you"},{"startTime":4137.524,"endTime":4142.264,"body":"know, rise up and, you know, overtake"},{"startTime":4142.264,"endTime":4143.345,"body":"all these people sent me free."},{"startTime":4143.345,"endTime":4150.095,"body":"She really, she really felt like it was"},{"startTime":4143.345,"endTime":4150.095,"body":"in the best interest of our people to take"},{"startTime":4150.154,"endTime":4158.404,"body":"to, to stand down and, and, and to, and"},{"startTime":4150.154,"endTime":4158.404,"body":"to wait and to, and to quietly, um, to,"},{"startTime":4158.524,"endTime":4160.774,"body":"to continue going about our way of life."},{"startTime":4161.264,"endTime":4168.335,"body":"And, and I, I think, I think it would"},{"startTime":4161.264,"endTime":4168.335,"body":"be very easy for any Monarch, any"},{"startTime":4168.335,"endTime":4175.835,"body":"ruler to, to, to call for, to call"},{"startTime":4168.335,"endTime":4175.835,"body":"for action, especially violence."},{"startTime":4175.865,"endTime":4176.104,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":4176.434,"endTime":4178.845,"body":", but she took a different"},{"startTime":4176.434,"endTime":4178.845,"body":"route and I think."},{"startTime":4179.78,"endTime":4186.32,"body":"I think if more people knew about who"},{"startTime":4179.78,"endTime":4186.32,"body":"she was and how she handled herself, even"},{"startTime":4186.32,"endTime":4191.72,"body":"in, in the midst of, of, uh, probably,"},{"startTime":4186.32,"endTime":4191.72,"body":"probably one of the most terrible moments"},{"startTime":4191.72,"endTime":4196.43,"body":"in our history, I think they'll get a"},{"startTime":4191.72,"endTime":4196.43,"body":"sense for the kind of people that we are."},{"startTime":4196.79,"endTime":4201.11,"body":"You know, that, that we're, we're talented"},{"startTime":4196.79,"endTime":4201.11,"body":"people and a, and a loving people and"},{"startTime":4201.11,"endTime":4206.24,"body":"a forgiving people, and I feel like"},{"startTime":4201.11,"endTime":4206.24,"body":"there's a lot of things that, that"},{"startTime":4206.24,"endTime":4212.72,"body":"are deeply rooted in our culture that"},{"startTime":4206.24,"endTime":4212.72,"body":"could help, that could help remind the"},{"startTime":4212.72,"endTime":4215.51,"body":"world how we should treat each other."},{"startTime":4215.515,"endTime":4215.71,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":4215.79,"endTime":4218.42,"body":"and how we should interact"},{"startTime":4215.79,"endTime":4218.42,"body":"with each other, and how we"},{"startTime":4218.42,"endTime":4219.71,"body":"should live amongst each other."},{"startTime":4219.89,"endTime":4225.05,"body":"Yeah, I definitely think how she dealt"},{"startTime":4219.89,"endTime":4225.05,"body":"with that after that happened, like that's"},{"startTime":4225.05,"endTime":4228.59,"body":"kind of something that in general in"},{"startTime":4225.05,"endTime":4228.59,"body":"history isn't part of a history lesson,"},{"startTime":4228.59,"endTime":4233.57,"body":"but like those details, like how people"},{"startTime":4228.59,"endTime":4233.57,"body":"persevered or how people are resilient, I"},{"startTime":4233.57,"endTime":4235.64,"body":"think that represents cultures a lot too."},{"startTime":4235.64,"endTime":4237.59,"body":"I think that's really a cultural thing."},{"startTime":4238.73,"endTime":4239.12,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4239.24,"endTime":4239.78,"body":"Yeah, I'd agree."},{"startTime":4239.78,"endTime":4245.059,"body":"I mean, look, look at our . Look, look"},{"startTime":4239.78,"endTime":4245.059,"body":"at, uh, president Trump when he felt"},{"startTime":4245.059,"endTime":4246.889,"body":"like power was slipping from his hands."},{"startTime":4247.009,"endTime":4247.549,"body":"Oh, yeah."},{"startTime":4248.44,"endTime":4251.63,"body":", he called for, he called for"},{"startTime":4248.44,"endTime":4251.63,"body":"an overthrow at the capitol."},{"startTime":4251.63,"endTime":4252.349,"body":"I mean, yeah."},{"startTime":4252.46,"endTime":4255.23,"body":"That very easily could have"},{"startTime":4252.46,"endTime":4255.23,"body":"happened, uh, but it didn't."},{"startTime":4255.23,"endTime":4255.769,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":4256.16,"endTime":4259.25,"body":"Um, one very specific thing I wanted"},{"startTime":4256.16,"endTime":4259.25,"body":"to ask you about, just cuz this"},{"startTime":4259.25,"endTime":4262.16,"body":"kind of came up, um, in conversation"},{"startTime":4259.25,"endTime":4262.16,"body":"the other day with someone."},{"startTime":4262.309,"endTime":4266.089,"body":"So I learned the meaning of"},{"startTime":4262.309,"endTime":4266.089,"body":"aloha is hello and goodbye."},{"startTime":4266.089,"endTime":4270.559,"body":"And somebody recently was saying"},{"startTime":4266.089,"endTime":4270.559,"body":"there's a lot more meaning behind Aloha."},{"startTime":4270.559,"endTime":4270.62,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4270.679,"endTime":4272.63,"body":"Um, do you wanna share that?"},{"startTime":4274.099,"endTime":4281.63,"body":"You know, one, one meaning that I, that"},{"startTime":4274.099,"endTime":4281.63,"body":"I love to share, um, uh, uh, is that"},{"startTime":4283.16,"endTime":4291.53,"body":"the, the, the backend of aloha is this"},{"startTime":4283.16,"endTime":4291.53,"body":"word ha, which means breath and the"},{"startTime":4291.53,"endTime":4294.559,"body":"way that Hawaiians greet each other."},{"startTime":4295.07,"endTime":4301.519,"body":"Is with this act of ha where we press"},{"startTime":4295.07,"endTime":4301.519,"body":"our noses to each other and we breathe"},{"startTime":4301.55,"endTime":4304.67,"body":"in the breath that is between us."},{"startTime":4304.76,"endTime":4305.93,"body":"And I think it's symbolic."},{"startTime":4305.934,"endTime":4312.83,"body":"And, and maybe even, maybe in,"},{"startTime":4305.934,"endTime":4312.83,"body":"maybe even in reality, us breathing"},{"startTime":4312.835,"endTime":4319.37,"body":"the same air connects us even"},{"startTime":4312.835,"endTime":4319.37,"body":"further when we think about aloha."},{"startTime":4319.88,"endTime":4320.15,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":4320.18,"endTime":4320.72,"body":"Yes it is."},{"startTime":4320.724,"endTime":4321.29,"body":"Hello."},{"startTime":4321.38,"endTime":4322.4,"body":"Yes, it is Goodbye."},{"startTime":4323.18,"endTime":4330.71,"body":"But it's, it's also just this"},{"startTime":4323.18,"endTime":4330.71,"body":"idea that, that we sh that we"},{"startTime":4330.715,"endTime":4332.69,"body":"should get along with everyone."},{"startTime":4332.69,"endTime":4335.72,"body":"That we should love everyone,"},{"startTime":4332.69,"endTime":4335.72,"body":"that we should treat everyone in"},{"startTime":4335.72,"endTime":4338.33,"body":"a respectful and loving manner."},{"startTime":4338.99,"endTime":4345.05,"body":"And I feel like if more of us had"},{"startTime":4338.99,"endTime":4345.05,"body":"this idea and more of us lived our"},{"startTime":4345.055,"endTime":4350.14,"body":"our lives and interacted with each"},{"startTime":4345.055,"endTime":4350.14,"body":"other with this idea that we want to."},{"startTime":4351.795,"endTime":4356.315,"body":"we want to put something positive"},{"startTime":4351.795,"endTime":4356.315,"body":"into you rather than take"},{"startTime":4356.315,"endTime":4358.745,"body":"something from you for ourselves."},{"startTime":4358.745,"endTime":4358.835,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":4359.554,"endTime":4365.184,"body":". I think this idea of aloha and breathing"},{"startTime":4359.554,"endTime":4365.184,"body":"and, and sharing this same breath, I"},{"startTime":4365.184,"endTime":4369.214,"body":"think, I think it could change the way"},{"startTime":4365.184,"endTime":4369.214,"body":"we see each other and I think it could"},{"startTime":4369.214,"endTime":4374.075,"body":"change the way we interact with each,"},{"startTime":4369.214,"endTime":4374.075,"body":"with each other and, and just make"},{"startTime":4374.075,"endTime":4375.875,"body":"for a better place for a better world."},{"startTime":4375.905,"endTime":4376.224,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":4378.394,"endTime":4381.455,"body":", I asked Aviana about what"},{"startTime":4378.394,"endTime":4381.455,"body":"decolonization could look like"},{"startTime":4381.46,"endTime":4384.335,"body":"if Hawaii does gain independence"},{"startTime":4381.46,"endTime":4384.335,"body":"from the United States government."},{"startTime":4385.745,"endTime":4390.455,"body":"Well, I think we'd get all our military"},{"startTime":4385.745,"endTime":4390.455,"body":"bases back, which is 25% of Oahu."},{"startTime":4390.665,"endTime":4395.585,"body":"I mean, we could solve our housing"},{"startTime":4390.665,"endTime":4395.585,"body":"problem with deescalating  in the"},{"startTime":4395.589,"endTime":4397.804,"body":"military presence in Hawaii alone."},{"startTime":4398.615,"endTime":4401.644,"body":"But I think really realistic of"},{"startTime":4398.615,"endTime":4401.644,"body":"we are looking at independence."},{"startTime":4401.644,"endTime":4403.384,"body":"It's gonna be way into the future."},{"startTime":4403.865,"endTime":4406.085,"body":"One of my colleagues, we"},{"startTime":4403.865,"endTime":4406.085,"body":"were having a discussion."},{"startTime":4407.495,"endTime":4409.775,"body":"She was saying, well, you know,"},{"startTime":4407.495,"endTime":4409.775,"body":"we have to look at it long term."},{"startTime":4410.629,"endTime":4413.719,"body":"You know, Greece was once"},{"startTime":4410.629,"endTime":4413.719,"body":"under the Roman Empire, but"},{"startTime":4413.719,"endTime":4415.61,"body":"eventually it became independent."},{"startTime":4416.269,"endTime":4422.48,"body":"And, um, the U S S R was once a, you"},{"startTime":4416.269,"endTime":4422.48,"body":"know, a great empire, but it dissolved."},{"startTime":4422.48,"endTime":4426.5,"body":"And those previous countries that"},{"startTime":4422.48,"endTime":4426.5,"body":"were part of the Soviet Socialist"},{"startTime":4426.5,"endTime":4430.79,"body":"Republic are now independent conditions"},{"startTime":4426.5,"endTime":4430.79,"body":"in the United States would have to"},{"startTime":4430.79,"endTime":4436.04,"body":"change dramatically so that Hawaii"},{"startTime":4430.79,"endTime":4436.04,"body":"would want to become independent."},{"startTime":4436.129,"endTime":4439.969,"body":"People living here would wanna"},{"startTime":4436.129,"endTime":4439.969,"body":"be independent from what would"},{"startTime":4439.969,"endTime":4441.589,"body":"be going on in the United States."},{"startTime":4441.589,"endTime":4447.139,"body":"I think we all saw a glimpse of that in"},{"startTime":4441.589,"endTime":4447.139,"body":"the last administration and the mm-hmm."},{"startTime":4447.36,"endTime":4457.19,"body":", the, the, the visions within the,"},{"startTime":4447.36,"endTime":4457.19,"body":"the society and the racism that"},{"startTime":4457.67,"endTime":4461.389,"body":"was, um, open and raw and you."},{"startTime":4462.545,"endTime":4465.035,"body":"Who would wanna live in"},{"startTime":4462.545,"endTime":4465.035,"body":"such a divided society?"},{"startTime":4465.035,"endTime":4466.174,"body":"How can it survive?"},{"startTime":4466.775,"endTime":4467.014,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":4467.315,"endTime":4469.355,"body":"and, and do we wanna be in Hawaii?"},{"startTime":4469.865,"endTime":4472.985,"body":"Whi, which has a very"},{"startTime":4469.865,"endTime":4472.985,"body":"much, we do live, Aloha."},{"startTime":4473.144,"endTime":4478.775,"body":"It's, it's very important to us"},{"startTime":4473.144,"endTime":4478.775,"body":"to find ways to respect different"},{"startTime":4478.78,"endTime":4480.695,"body":"cultures and live with each other."},{"startTime":4481.684,"endTime":4485.224,"body":"How will climate change"},{"startTime":4481.684,"endTime":4485.224,"body":"begin to affect our islands?"},{"startTime":4486.065,"endTime":4486.155,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":4486.394,"endTime":4490.115,"body":", which that, you know, a lot of"},{"startTime":4486.394,"endTime":4490.115,"body":"the tourist industry might, which"},{"startTime":4490.115,"endTime":4494.674,"body":"is built along the shorelines,"},{"startTime":4490.115,"endTime":4494.674,"body":"might have to relocate, retrench."},{"startTime":4494.974,"endTime":4495.065,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":4495.474,"endTime":4499.955,"body":", you would have a whole different economy"},{"startTime":4495.474,"endTime":4499.955,"body":"that would need to emerge, right."},{"startTime":4499.955,"endTime":4501.485,"body":"As a result of climate change."},{"startTime":4501.485,"endTime":4506.014,"body":"More than likely it would be out of"},{"startTime":4501.485,"endTime":4506.014,"body":"necessity that we would want to become"},{"startTime":4506.045,"endTime":4509.795,"body":"independent of the United States"},{"startTime":4506.045,"endTime":4509.795,"body":"because it would just be too repugnant"},{"startTime":4510.214,"endTime":4514.325,"body":"or, and too dangerous for non-white"},{"startTime":4510.214,"endTime":4514.325,"body":"people to be a part of America."},{"startTime":4514.714,"endTime":4515.405,"body":"I don't know."},{"startTime":4515.405,"endTime":4515.945,"body":"Or maybe."},{"startTime":4516.32,"endTime":4520.34,"body":"Maybe United States States will"},{"startTime":4516.32,"endTime":4520.34,"body":"find a way to coexist and, and"},{"startTime":4520.34,"endTime":4522.38,"body":"find racial peace and harmony."},{"startTime":4522.74,"endTime":4526.28,"body":"I don't know, I would"},{"startTime":4522.74,"endTime":4526.28,"body":"hope, but  one would hope."},{"startTime":4526.34,"endTime":4530.42,"body":"Yeah,  for the survival of"},{"startTime":4526.34,"endTime":4530.42,"body":"everyone in the continent."},{"startTime":4535.01,"endTime":4537.95,"body":"Thanks for listening to this"},{"startTime":4535.01,"endTime":4537.95,"body":"season of Reconsider Everything."},{"startTime":4539.33,"endTime":4542.3,"body":"I hope you walk away from these"},{"startTime":4539.33,"endTime":4542.3,"body":"conversations with a perspective"},{"startTime":4542.3,"endTime":4545.3,"body":"that will continue to shift and"},{"startTime":4542.3,"endTime":4545.3,"body":"an understanding that there is"},{"startTime":4545.3,"endTime":4546.74,"body":"always more history to learn."},{"startTime":4548.54,"endTime":4552.32,"body":"The next time you see a debate on Twitter,"},{"startTime":4548.54,"endTime":4552.32,"body":"a celebrity influencing their fan's point"},{"startTime":4552.32,"endTime":4557.24,"body":"of view, or hear about a topic that should"},{"startTime":4552.32,"endTime":4557.24,"body":"not be taught about in school, stop and"},{"startTime":4557.24,"endTime":4561.74,"body":"think about the people who are impacted by"},{"startTime":4557.24,"endTime":4561.74,"body":"these conversations and ask yourself, do"},{"startTime":4562.03,"endTime":4563.54,"body":"you really know everything that happened?"},{"startTime":4565.13,"endTime":4567.74,"body":"Don't forget, at the end of the"},{"startTime":4565.13,"endTime":4567.74,"body":"day, in the midst of all the"},{"startTime":4567.745,"endTime":4571.76,"body":"controversy around multicultural"},{"startTime":4567.745,"endTime":4571.76,"body":"history, this is truly just history."},{"startTime":4572.69,"endTime":4576.049,"body":"These stories really happened and"},{"startTime":4572.69,"endTime":4576.049,"body":"must be told in order to live in an"},{"startTime":4576.049,"endTime":4578.0,"body":"empathetic and functioning democracy."},{"startTime":4580.37,"endTime":4581.809,"body":"I'm your host, Marissa Nichol."},{"startTime":4582.44,"endTime":4584.48,"body":"This interview was"},{"startTime":4582.44,"endTime":4584.48,"body":"recorded by Tim Burdock."},{"startTime":4585.32,"endTime":4588.049,"body":"Narration were recorded by"},{"startTime":4585.32,"endTime":4588.049,"body":"Brooklyn Podcasting Studio."},{"startTime":4588.53,"endTime":4590.69,"body":"This episode was edited by Jake Stevens."},{"startTime":4591.019,"endTime":4594.019,"body":"All music was composed by"},{"startTime":4591.019,"endTime":4594.019,"body":"Alex Joaquin, and Cover Art"},{"startTime":4594.019,"endTime":4595.4,"body":"was created by Olivia Nickel."},{"startTime":4596.509,"endTime":4599.509,"body":"If you enjoyed this season, subscribe"},{"startTime":4596.509,"endTime":4599.509,"body":"for more and leave a review."},{"startTime":4600.29,"endTime":4603.889,"body":"As always, you can continue your education"},{"startTime":4600.29,"endTime":4603.889,"body":"on our social media handles and at the"},{"startTime":4603.889,"endTime":4605.599,"body":"resource list in the description below."}]}