{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":35.0,"endTime":35.29,"body":"..."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":39.89,"endTime":45.29,"body":"welcome to Intentional Teaching, a podcast aimed at"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":39.89,"endTime":45.29,"body":"educators to help them develop foundational teaching"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":45.29,"endTime":51.89,"body":"skills and explore new ideas and teaching. I'm your"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":45.29,"endTime":51.89,"body":"host, Derek Bruff. I hope this podcast helps you be"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":51.89,"endTime":57.379999999999995,"body":"more intentional in how you teach and in how you"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":51.89,"endTime":57.379999999999995,"body":"develop as a teacher over time. As I record this,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":57.379999999999995,"endTime":61.489999999999995,"body":"it's been just over a month since I left my position"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":57.379999999999995,"endTime":61.489999999999995,"body":"at the Center for Excellence in Teaching and"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":61.489999999999995,"endTime":66.38,"body":"Learning at the University of Mississippi. I'll miss"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":61.489999999999995,"endTime":66.38,"body":"being a part of that center and the good work that"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":66.38,"endTime":71.57,"body":"Josh Eyler and his team are doing there. One thing"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":66.38,"endTime":71.57,"body":"I'll take away from my time at UM is a whole new set"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":71.57,"endTime":77.12,"body":"of colleagues, not just the CETL folks, but also the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":71.57,"endTime":77.12,"body":"faculty and other instructors I met across campus"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":77.39,"endTime":82.78999999999999,"body":"during my time there. Today on the podcast, I'm glad"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":77.39,"endTime":82.78999999999999,"body":"to share a conversation with one of those colleagues."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":82.78999999999999,"endTime":89.18,"body":"Mariel Pfeifer Assistant Professor of Biology."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":82.78999999999999,"endTime":89.18,"body":"Mariel started at Ole Miss just about a year ago as"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":89.18,"endTime":95.06,"body":"part of a cluster hire of STEM faculty who were on"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":89.18,"endTime":95.06,"body":"the tenure track at UM doing disciplinary based"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":95.06,"endTime":100.76,"body":"education research. I was excited to hear Mariel was"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":95.06,"endTime":100.76,"body":"coming to the university because I was already"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":100.76,"endTime":101.69,"body":"familiar with her work."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":103.49,"endTime":109.46,"body":"Back in the spring of 2023, I led a faculty learning"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":103.49,"endTime":109.46,"body":"community at Ole Miss on the topic of active"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":109.46,"endTime":115.01,"body":"learning and large enrollment STEM courses, and we"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":109.46,"endTime":115.01,"body":"read her study on the experiences of Neurodivergent"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":115.01,"endTime":121.056,"body":"students in active learning STEM classes. As Mariel"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":115.01,"endTime":121.056,"body":"points out in our conversation, a lot of the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":121.056,"endTime":126.126,"body":"traditional accommodations we use for students with"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":121.056,"endTime":126.126,"body":"learning disabilities assume that a college course"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":126.126,"endTime":132.41199999999998,"body":"is full of lectures and exams. But that's not nearly"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":126.126,"endTime":132.41199999999998,"body":"as true for STEM courses as it once was. Mariel"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":132.41199999999998,"endTime":137.212,"body":"shares lots of insight into the student experience"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":132.41199999999998,"endTime":137.212,"body":"in these courses and has practical advice for"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":137.212,"endTime":143.272,"body":"instructors interested in helping more students"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":137.212,"endTime":143.272,"body":"succeed. Well, thank you, Mariel, for being on the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":143.272,"endTime":147.68200000000002,"body":"podcast today. I'm excited to talk to you and to"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":143.272,"endTime":147.68200000000002,"body":"learn more about your work. Thanks for being here."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":148.22199999999998,"endTime":151.672,"body":"Yeah, thank you so much for having"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":148.22199999999998,"endTime":151.672,"body":"me. I'm excited to be here today."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":152.512,"endTime":157.16199999999998,"body":"Good. Let me start with my usual"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":152.512,"endTime":157.16199999999998,"body":"opening question, which is this Can you tell us"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":157.16199999999998,"endTime":160.192,"body":"about a time when you realized you wanted to be an"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":157.16199999999998,"endTime":160.192,"body":"educator?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":161.18200000000002,"endTime":168.88400000000001,"body":"Yeah. So, you know, I was reflecting"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":161.18200000000002,"endTime":168.88400000000001,"body":"on this question, and I think that I've always kind"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":168.88400000000001,"endTime":173.92399999999998,"body":"of wanted to be an educator. So there wasn't really"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":168.88400000000001,"endTime":173.92399999999998,"body":"this hard realization. It's something I've always"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":173.92399999999998,"endTime":181.214,"body":"wanted to do. I was a kind of kid who played school"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":173.92399999999998,"endTime":181.214,"body":"for fun. So what has changed for me over the years"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":181.214,"endTime":188.56400000000002,"body":"has been what I wanted to teach and how I wanted to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":181.214,"endTime":188.56400000000002,"body":"teach it. And I think it was kind of later in my"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":188.56400000000002,"endTime":195.784,"body":"career after I had graduated from my undergrad"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":188.56400000000002,"endTime":195.784,"body":"degree that I realized I wanted to be a professor."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":195.85399999999998,"endTime":200.894,"body":"And so that led me to apply to graduate school and"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":195.85399999999998,"endTime":200.894,"body":"be on the track to where I am now."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":201.97899999999998,"endTime":206.029,"body":"All right. Say a little bit more about"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":201.97899999999998,"endTime":206.029,"body":"that, because I think that's that part of your"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":206.029,"endTime":209.959,"body":"career trajectory is as important to where you are"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":206.029,"endTime":209.959,"body":"now. And it's pretty interesting."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":210.529,"endTime":218.41899999999998,"body":"Yeah, for sure. So in college, I was"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":210.529,"endTime":218.41899999999998,"body":"a triple major in microbiology, biology and"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":218.41899999999998,"endTime":223.87900000000002,"body":"secondary education, and I knew that I wanted to be"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":218.41899999999998,"endTime":223.87900000000002,"body":"a teacher and I thought I wanted to teach high"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":223.87900000000002,"endTime":230.599,"body":"school. So I tried that for a short amount of time"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":223.87900000000002,"endTime":230.599,"body":"and I realized that wasn't where I wanted to have a"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":230.599,"endTime":238.30900000000003,"body":"career. But I knew that I really loved to teach,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":230.599,"endTime":238.30900000000003,"body":"especially at the undergraduate level. And so kind"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":238.30900000000003,"endTime":244.66899999999998,"body":"of through the mentors that I had. I learned that"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":238.30900000000003,"endTime":244.66899999999998,"body":"discipline based education research is an option"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":244.66899999999998,"endTime":251.449,"body":"that people can do. And I realized, oh, like I love"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":244.66899999999998,"endTime":251.449,"body":"science and I love teaching and education. And"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":251.449,"endTime":256.189,"body":"there's a whole career that you can have where you"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":251.449,"endTime":256.189,"body":"can learn science. You can still teach science, but"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":256.189,"endTime":263.269,"body":"you can do education research. And that has been"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":256.189,"endTime":263.269,"body":"what I get excited about and what I love to do. And"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":264.709,"endTime":269.899,"body":"I've been able to bring a lot of my interests into"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":264.709,"endTime":269.899,"body":"the work that I do, which I think is for me is"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":269.919,"endTime":270.409,"body":"really good."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":271.399,"endTime":275.299,"body":"That's great. And I like hearing you"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":271.399,"endTime":275.299,"body":"say that one can have a career doing that because I"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":275.299,"endTime":279.469,"body":"don't I don't know that I heard that message 15 or"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":275.299,"endTime":279.469,"body":"20 years ago when I started in higher ed."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":280.299,"endTime":286.639,"body":"Yeah, absolutely. Well, I, I don't"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":280.299,"endTime":286.639,"body":"think I knew and it's been I've had a lot of like"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":286.689,"endTime":291.609,"body":"stops along the way and kind of it's been a"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":286.689,"endTime":291.609,"body":"meandering journey. But I'm pretty excited to be"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":291.609,"endTime":292.359,"body":"here today."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":292.419,"endTime":297.459,"body":"Yeah, yeah, yeah. Well, I was excited"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":292.419,"endTime":297.459,"body":"to learn that you were coming to the University of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":297.459,"endTime":306.18899999999996,"body":"Mississippi because I was already familiar with your"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":297.459,"endTime":306.18899999999996,"body":"work. At least your 2022 paper on the experiences of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":306.519,"endTime":313.139,"body":"students with ADHD in active learning classrooms."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":306.519,"endTime":313.139,"body":"Yeah, let's talk about that. That paper. Like what"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":313.139,"endTime":316.199,"body":"motivated that that project? And how did you go"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":313.139,"endTime":316.199,"body":"about"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":317.969,"endTime":319.589,"body":"pursuing your research questions there?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":320.361,"endTime":326.57099999999997,"body":"Yeah, So I guess this kind of goes"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":320.361,"endTime":326.57099999999997,"body":"back to my meandering journey. So for a while I was"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":326.57099999999997,"endTime":332.631,"body":"really interested in disability services and I"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":326.57099999999997,"endTime":332.631,"body":"worked all through undergrad in a disability"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":332.631,"endTime":339.031,"body":"services office. And after I had graduated and tried"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":332.631,"endTime":339.031,"body":"teaching for a minute, then I explored, you know,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":339.111,"endTime":344.631,"body":"being in a DSO as a career interest. And I worked"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":339.111,"endTime":344.631,"body":"there for a number of years before graduate school"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":345.20099999999996,"endTime":354.111,"body":"and when I worked as a coordinator. And I also"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":345.20099999999996,"endTime":354.111,"body":"helped administer our office's extended time exam"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":354.111,"endTime":362.51099999999997,"body":"accommodations schedule. I realized how little was"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":354.111,"endTime":362.51099999999997,"body":"really known about the experiences of STEM students"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":362.51099999999997,"endTime":369.561,"body":"with disabilities is across the board. And I could"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":362.51099999999997,"endTime":369.561,"body":"see that, you know, when I talked to instructors,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":369.561,"endTime":375.08099999999996,"body":"they were really interested in learning how to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":369.561,"endTime":375.08099999999996,"body":"better support students who are using accommodations,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":375.411,"endTime":381.411,"body":"but they didn't really know how. And at the time,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":375.411,"endTime":381.411,"body":"you know, like I could lean into some of the things"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":381.411,"endTime":386.241,"body":"that I knew working from students and with my own"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":381.411,"endTime":386.241,"body":"experiences. But I would say there wasn't really a"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":386.241,"endTime":393.651,"body":"strong research base for those recommendations. And"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":386.241,"endTime":393.651,"body":"I saw I saw a real need, and that's why I wanted to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":393.651,"endTime":401.241,"body":"go to graduate school. And so to do that type of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":393.651,"endTime":401.241,"body":"work, to learn more about students experiences and"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":401.241,"endTime":407.811,"body":"to start generating some empirical evidence for"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":401.241,"endTime":407.811,"body":"instructors to use in their teaching. So that's"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":407.811,"endTime":414.02099999999996,"body":"really where the motivation for that study came"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":407.811,"endTime":414.02099999999996,"body":"through. And I think I was really lucky to land at"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":414.02099999999996,"endTime":422.21099999999996,"body":"the university of Georgia, where I got to work with"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":414.02099999999996,"endTime":422.21099999999996,"body":"Dr. Julie Stanton as my advisor, and she said Yes,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":422.21099999999996,"endTime":427.07099999999997,"body":"and she's one of the first people who ever said yes"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":422.21099999999996,"endTime":427.07099999999997,"body":"to my research idea and just helped me kind of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":427.341,"endTime":433.82099999999997,"body":"shepherd me through this process. And so, you know,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":427.341,"endTime":433.82099999999997,"body":"she helped me design the study that we did together"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":434.061,"endTime":441.171,"body":"and form partnerships with some of the DSO offices,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":434.061,"endTime":441.171,"body":"which I think was really important for doing this"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":441.171,"endTime":441.381,"body":"work."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":441.741,"endTime":450.371,"body":"Mm hmm. Yeah. Yeah. So what? So you did"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":441.741,"endTime":450.371,"body":"some qualitative research, right? So. So walk us"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":450.371,"endTime":454.031,"body":"through kind of how you went about doing that, and"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":450.371,"endTime":454.031,"body":"then we'll talk about some of your findings."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":454.555,"endTime":460.885,"body":"Yeah, absolutely. So, yes, this was"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":454.555,"endTime":460.885,"body":"a qualitative research study, and the reason we"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":460.885,"endTime":468.912,"body":"wanted to use that type of design was because of how"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":460.885,"endTime":468.912,"body":"I'm going to say exploratory. This work is, but"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":469.12199999999996,"endTime":475.062,"body":"right. There's not like a survey we could really go"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":469.12199999999996,"endTime":475.062,"body":"out and give to get some of these data. And so what"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":475.062,"endTime":481.18199999999996,"body":"we did is we really leaned into some of the previous"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":475.062,"endTime":481.18199999999996,"body":"work that had been done around active learning. And"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":481.18199999999996,"endTime":489.012,"body":"so we used some existing research to help inform"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":481.18199999999996,"endTime":489.012,"body":"like what could be possible active learning"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":489.012,"endTime":495.762,"body":"strategies that students could experience in their"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":489.012,"endTime":495.762,"body":"courses. And so during the interviews, we asked"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":495.762,"endTime":500.562,"body":"students, you know, we gave them cards with all of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":495.762,"endTime":500.562,"body":"these different active learning practices, and we"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":500.562,"endTime":506.502,"body":"asked them, Hey, like in your STEM courses, what are"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":500.562,"endTime":506.502,"body":"the practices that you've encountered? And so they"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":506.502,"endTime":512.112,"body":"could name some specific practices and they could"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":506.502,"endTime":512.112,"body":"also tell us more like what from their own"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":512.112,"endTime":517.062,"body":"perspective, counted as active learning. And then we"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":512.112,"endTime":517.062,"body":"would just ask them to walk us through their"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":517.062,"endTime":525.162,"body":"experiences with that particular practice. And we"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":517.062,"endTime":525.162,"body":"got a lot of data. And for a while, you know, as"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":525.162,"endTime":530.292,"body":"this I did the study as a graduate student, I was"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":525.162,"endTime":530.292,"body":"like, How are we going to make sense of all these"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":530.292,"endTime":537.582,"body":"data? And it took me a long time to think about that."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":530.292,"endTime":537.582,"body":"And so we just really leaned into students"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":537.582,"endTime":541.902,"body":"experiences and helping us make sense of all of the"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":537.582,"endTime":541.902,"body":"things that we learned."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":543.023,"endTime":548.363,"body":"Now, the students in your study, it's"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":543.023,"endTime":548.363,"body":"right there in the title. These are STEM majors with"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":548.363,"endTime":551.5730000000001,"body":"ADHD and specific learning disabilities."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":551.993,"endTime":552.143,"body":"Mm hmm."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":552.173,"endTime":556.373,"body":"So I think I know what ADHD is, but"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":552.173,"endTime":556.373,"body":"what what did you mean by specific learning"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":556.373,"endTime":557.153,"body":"disabilities?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":557.638,"endTime":565.8280000000001,"body":"Yeah. So by that we meant students"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":557.638,"endTime":565.8280000000001,"body":"with like with conditions that in the DSM five are"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":565.8280000000001,"endTime":569.8180000000001,"body":"called like dyslexia were formally called dyslexia"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":565.8280000000001,"endTime":569.8180000000001,"body":"dysgraphia and dyscalculia."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":570.168,"endTime":570.538,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":571.0880000000001,"endTime":573.2080000000001,"body":"Yep. And so in our study."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":573.2080000000001,"endTime":576.8380000000001,"body":"So I know what those three things are,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":573.2080000000001,"endTime":576.8380000000001,"body":"but I bet not all of our listeners do."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":577.0780000000001,"endTime":582.898,"body":"Oh yeah. Good point. Dyslexia is a"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":577.0780000000001,"endTime":582.898,"body":"specific learning disability in reading dysgraphia"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":582.928,"endTime":589.618,"body":"is a specific learning disability in writing, and"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":582.928,"endTime":589.618,"body":"dyscalculia is a specific learning disability in"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":589.8580000000001,"endTime":600.2080000000001,"body":"math. And those disabilities and ADHD often co-occur."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":589.8580000000001,"endTime":600.2080000000001,"body":"And so for our study we were really interested in"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":600.4480000000001,"endTime":608.0980000000001,"body":"students experiences as folks with invisible"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":600.4480000000001,"endTime":608.0980000000001,"body":"disabilities, both navigating self advocacy. So we"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":608.0980000000001,"endTime":612.748,"body":"have some data about self advocacy in that paper,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":608.0980000000001,"endTime":612.748,"body":"but also their experiences in active learning."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":614.284,"endTime":620.859,"body":"Okay. Yeah, and I guess we would put"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":614.284,"endTime":620.859,"body":"all of those under the umbrella of neuro divergence."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":620.859,"endTime":627.129,"body":"Now using kind of the current language for this. And"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":620.859,"endTime":627.129,"body":"it occurs to me that if, if I think about the kind"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":627.129,"endTime":635.3090000000001,"body":"of accommodations as I was that were suggested to me"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":627.129,"endTime":635.3090000000001,"body":"as an instructor years ago, they did kind of assume"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":635.3090000000001,"endTime":641.909,"body":"that I was going to be lecturing in class and giving"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":635.3090000000001,"endTime":641.909,"body":"a lot of exams. Right. I mean, like there's note"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":641.909,"endTime":650.1890000000001,"body":"taking and then there's extra time. And those were"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":641.909,"endTime":650.1890000000001,"body":"kind of the two big accommodations. But STEM courses"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":650.369,"endTime":655.649,"body":"don't look like that all the time anymore. There's a"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":650.369,"endTime":655.649,"body":"lot more active learning given all the research on"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":655.649,"endTime":659.6990000000001,"body":"the effectiveness of active learning. And so I can I"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":655.649,"endTime":659.6990000000001,"body":"can see why there's there would be a lack of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":659.6990000000001,"endTime":666.279,"body":"research on on students with these more invisible"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":659.6990000000001,"endTime":666.279,"body":"disabilities. Yeah."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":666.6890000000001,"endTime":672.359,"body":"Yeah, absolutely. Yeah. And that's"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":666.6890000000001,"endTime":672.359,"body":"where we really wanted to know students own"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":672.359,"endTime":679.4390000000001,"body":"experiences as a starting point so that we could do"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":672.359,"endTime":679.4390000000001,"body":"more studies and also generate some recommendations"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":679.4390000000001,"endTime":680.339,"body":"for instructors."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":680.789,"endTime":684.5690000000001,"body":"Yeah. So let's talk about some of your"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":680.789,"endTime":684.5690000000001,"body":"findings. What what were what were some of the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":684.5690000000001,"endTime":689.129,"body":"opportunities and the challenges that these students"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":684.5690000000001,"endTime":689.129,"body":"encountered in active learning STEM courses?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":689.912,"endTime":696.0020000000001,"body":"Yeah. So I think, you know, a lot of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":689.912,"endTime":696.0020000000001,"body":"what we found in terms of why students liked active"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":696.0020000000001,"endTime":701.432,"body":"learning was kind of already known in the literature."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":696.0020000000001,"endTime":701.432,"body":"So they talked about how active learning could help"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":701.432,"endTime":707.8820000000001,"body":"them, you know, identify what they understood or did"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":701.432,"endTime":707.8820000000001,"body":"not understood, understand about the content they're"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":707.8820000000001,"endTime":712.682,"body":"learning in class so it can help promote their"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":707.8820000000001,"endTime":712.682,"body":"metacognition, which is, you know, part of what we"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":712.682,"endTime":719.1020000000001,"body":"know makes active learning. Effective students also"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":712.682,"endTime":719.1020000000001,"body":"appreciated that, you know, an active learning"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":719.1020000000001,"endTime":724.2620000000001,"body":"classrooms, they don't have to listen to a lecture"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":719.1020000000001,"endTime":724.2620000000001,"body":"the whole time. And so there's opportunities to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":724.2620000000001,"endTime":729.302,"body":"pause and process and to engage with their peers to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":724.2620000000001,"endTime":729.302,"body":"help them learn."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":730.592,"endTime":735.5120000000001,"body":"So and how might that be particularly"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":730.592,"endTime":735.5120000000001,"body":"useful for Neurodivergent students?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":735.7520000000001,"endTime":739.922,"body":"You know, when we are using some"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":735.7520000000001,"endTime":739.922,"body":"active learning, we're also using some principles of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":739.922,"endTime":745.142,"body":"universal design for learning, which we know can"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":739.922,"endTime":745.142,"body":"help a lot of different folks in the room. So if you"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":745.142,"endTime":751.292,"body":"have differing processing speeds, right, it can slow"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":745.142,"endTime":751.292,"body":"things down. So you have a chance to process what"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":751.292,"endTime":759.812,"body":"the instructor is saying and apply that content"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":751.292,"endTime":759.812,"body":"yourself. And it also is giving you multiple I guess"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":759.812,"endTime":764.1020000000001,"body":"it's giving you multiple modes of engagement, right?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":759.812,"endTime":764.1020000000001,"body":"So it's not just listening. You might be able to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":764.1020000000001,"endTime":771.909,"body":"write or talk or even draw out some of your ideas"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":764.1020000000001,"endTime":771.909,"body":"which can support Neurodivergent students. We"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":771.909,"endTime":777.789,"body":"organize. Like there's a lot of different types of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":771.909,"endTime":777.789,"body":"practices, and so we grouped them. And so some of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":777.789,"endTime":784.019,"body":"the more, I would say, kind of obvious active"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":777.789,"endTime":784.019,"body":"learning practices that students talked about were"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":784.029,"endTime":790.2990000000001,"body":"like clicker questions, group work. And we also"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":784.029,"endTime":790.2990000000001,"body":"talked our participants talked about flipped courses"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":790.2990000000001,"endTime":790.8090000000001,"body":"as well."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":791.109,"endTime":791.4390000000001,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":791.9490000000001,"endTime":800.1690000000001,"body":"And so for each of those types of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":791.9490000000001,"endTime":800.1690000000001,"body":"active learning participants explained reasons why"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":800.1690000000001,"endTime":805.989,"body":"it worked for them and reasons why it did not work"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":800.1690000000001,"endTime":805.989,"body":"for them. And so what we were most interested in,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":805.989,"endTime":812.289,"body":"and we think instructors might be most interested in"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":805.989,"endTime":812.289,"body":"too, are the reasons why it didn't work for our"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":812.289,"endTime":818.349,"body":"students. And so, like, for example, we found for"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":812.289,"endTime":818.349,"body":"clicker questions that just the way that instructor"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":818.349,"endTime":825.5790000000001,"body":"is implementing those clicker questions can really"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":818.349,"endTime":825.5790000000001,"body":"affect students perceptions of learning. So we have"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":826.0590000000001,"endTime":831.5790000000001,"body":"this one quote that I love that's like kind of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":826.0590000000001,"endTime":831.5790000000001,"body":"etched into my brain. It's about when instructors"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":831.5790000000001,"endTime":839.529,"body":"might show, you know, ask the class an open response"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":831.5790000000001,"endTime":839.529,"body":"type question and you're going to get, you know,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":839.5590000000001,"endTime":846.399,"body":"maybe 100 people texting in response. And one of our"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":839.5590000000001,"endTime":846.399,"body":"participants said, you know, when that instructor"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":846.399,"endTime":853.629,"body":"shows me all of those responses, we call it like the"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":846.399,"endTime":853.629,"body":"flood of free response questions that in their brain"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":853.629,"endTime":858.789,"body":"they're just noticing all of the different"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":853.629,"endTime":858.789,"body":"formatting errors or differences. in all those"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":858.789,"endTime":862.76,"body":"responses like, yes, So."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":863.34,"endTime":869.14,"body":"The varying capitalization, the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":863.34,"endTime":869.14,"body":"misspellings. Right. I've I've experienced this too,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":869.14,"endTime":876.3860000000001,"body":"right. Where you have a bunch of free response"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":869.14,"endTime":876.3860000000001,"body":"responses and yeah, it's it's you can see that"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":876.6560000000001,"endTime":880.616,"body":"you'll see this in word clouds even where it's the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":876.6560000000001,"endTime":880.616,"body":"same word, but it's it's capitalized differently or"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":880.616,"endTime":885.716,"body":"spelled differently. And it actually shows up"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":880.616,"endTime":885.716,"body":"multiple times. So so that student, it was hard for"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":885.716,"endTime":892.226,"body":"them to kind of look at other aspects of that of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":885.716,"endTime":892.226,"body":"that set of responses. They were focused on, on"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":892.226,"endTime":894.1460000000001,"body":"those kind of surface features, I guess."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":894.446,"endTime":898.1360000000001,"body":"Yeah, Yeah. That's a good way to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":894.446,"endTime":898.1360000000001,"body":"explain it. Focusing on the surface features and"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":898.1360000000001,"endTime":903.176,"body":"they explained like, you know, for them that 5"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":898.1360000000001,"endTime":903.176,"body":"minutes or whatever that the instructor is"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":903.176,"endTime":908.2760000000001,"body":"explaining what's happening with those responses,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":903.176,"endTime":908.2760000000001,"body":"the content, that's not really what they're paying"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":908.2760000000001,"endTime":916.0160000000001,"body":"attention to. So that is a pretty easy fix right?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":908.2760000000001,"endTime":916.0160000000001,"body":"For instructors, maybe think about not showing those"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":916.0160000000001,"endTime":922.046,"body":"responses or trying to curate those responses a"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":916.0160000000001,"endTime":922.046,"body":"little bit more before showing them to the class."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":922.046,"endTime":927.596,"body":"And that could be one way that you could optimize"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":922.046,"endTime":927.596,"body":"some of that learning for students in your course."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":928.735,"endTime":933.835,"body":"So instead of showing them the giant"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":928.735,"endTime":933.835,"body":"wall of responses to either not show it and just"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":933.865,"endTime":941.255,"body":"talk about what's in the responses or I know some of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":933.865,"endTime":941.255,"body":"the systems will allow you to kind of pick one of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":941.255,"endTime":945.725,"body":"the responses and make it larger so that you could"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":941.255,"endTime":945.725,"body":"kind of focus on that one response at a time."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":946.359,"endTime":950.649,"body":"Yeah, absolutely. And I think there"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":946.359,"endTime":950.649,"body":"are some settings in different response system so"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":950.649,"endTime":957.159,"body":"that people wouldn't have to see all of those"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":950.649,"endTime":957.159,"body":"responses coming in at the same time. So yeah, that"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":957.159,"endTime":963.9390000000001,"body":"was one example related to like clicker questions."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":957.159,"endTime":963.9390000000001,"body":"The other thing that people talked our participants"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":963.9390000000001,"endTime":971.0790000000001,"body":"talked about in our study was really valuing the"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":963.9390000000001,"endTime":971.0790000000001,"body":"instructors explanation of why a particular clicker"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":971.1690000000001,"endTime":973.8090000000001,"body":"question answer is correct or not correct."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":975.267,"endTime":981.837,"body":"And I feel like I, you know this better than I do,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":975.267,"endTime":981.837,"body":"but right, like part of peer instruction, which is"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":982.677,"endTime":989.157,"body":"what clicker questions are also referred to as"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":982.677,"endTime":989.157,"body":"within the literature, is really structuring how the"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":989.157,"endTime":997.3470000000001,"body":"instructor responds to students ideas. And what"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":989.157,"endTime":997.3470000000001,"body":"we're finding in our work in this paper and ongoing."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":997.3470000000001,"endTime":1002.5970000000001,"body":"Right, Like not all instructors are implementing"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":997.3470000000001,"endTime":1002.5970000000001,"body":"that practice the way that the designers of that"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1002.5970000000001,"endTime":1009.917,"body":"practice have wanted people to do it right. So we"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1002.5970000000001,"endTime":1009.917,"body":"found for sure that when instructors just kind of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1010.0070000000001,"endTime":1017.957,"body":"like, all right, the answer is A and just move on,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1010.0070000000001,"endTime":1017.957,"body":"the students are missing why it's A right and so"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1017.957,"endTime":1020.567,"body":"that time they don't feel supported in their"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1017.957,"endTime":1020.567,"body":"learning."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1021.197,"endTime":1026.537,"body":"So I'll often when I'm explaining this"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1021.197,"endTime":1026.537,"body":"this practice to instructors I'll say you know you"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1026.537,"endTime":1032.801,"body":"run this multiple choice question. You see that 85%"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1026.537,"endTime":1032.801,"body":"of your students get it, get the right answer, right?"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1033.041,"endTime":1041.951,"body":"So that's a good sign. But you still want to spend a"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1033.041,"endTime":1041.951,"body":"little time with that question because one 15% of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1041.951,"endTime":1047.621,"body":"your students didn't pick the right answer. And some"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1041.951,"endTime":1047.621,"body":"of those 85% probably guessed their way to the right"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1047.621,"endTime":1052.241,"body":"answer. And so you still want to take a moment to"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1047.621,"endTime":1052.241,"body":"talk about the right answer and why it is the right"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1052.241,"endTime":1058.298,"body":"answer. And so is that the kind of explanation that"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1052.241,"endTime":1058.298,"body":"you're talking about that would be really important"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1058.298,"endTime":1058.9779999999998,"body":"for many students?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1059.5839999999998,"endTime":1065.404,"body":"Yes, exactly. And if you look at our"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1059.5839999999998,"endTime":1065.404,"body":"paper, one of our themes was instructor explains"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1065.404,"endTime":1071.674,"body":"thinking. And that is what students are really"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1065.404,"endTime":1071.674,"body":"wanting and what is valuable about going to class"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1071.674,"endTime":1072.3339999999998,"body":"for them, right?"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1074.5919999999999,"endTime":1080.0819999999999,"body":"Yes, Right. And, you know, and it's an"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1074.5919999999999,"endTime":1080.0819999999999,"body":"interesting dance because I think in a traditional"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1080.0819999999999,"endTime":1085.512,"body":"lecture, the instructor is kind of explaining"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1080.0819999999999,"endTime":1085.512,"body":"they're thinking for 50 or 90 minutes solid, and"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1085.512,"endTime":1091.992,"body":"that's too much, too much of that. But to have this"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1085.512,"endTime":1091.992,"body":"interactive piece, but then to have a moment where"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1091.992,"endTime":1096.212,"body":"the instructor says, and here's what we need to pull"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1091.992,"endTime":1096.212,"body":"out of this, here's the idea, here's the reasoning,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1096.222,"endTime":1101.262,"body":"here's the concept that we're dealing with. That"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1096.222,"endTime":1101.262,"body":"summary moment is very important, even if it's"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1101.262,"endTime":1101.922,"body":"fairly brief."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1102.492,"endTime":1109.0059999999999,"body":"Yes. Yes, exactly. Yeah. And I think"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1102.492,"endTime":1109.0059999999999,"body":"it's, you know, as developing as an instructor"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1109.0059999999999,"endTime":1115.396,"body":"myself, I try to remember that because I think when"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1109.0059999999999,"endTime":1115.396,"body":"you're thinking about entering into active learning"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1115.846,"endTime":1120.706,"body":"as an instructor, you're like, okay, I need them to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1115.846,"endTime":1120.706,"body":"get I need them to do things. But it's also"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1120.706,"endTime":1126.2259999999999,"body":"important that debriefing exactly like you're saying,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1120.706,"endTime":1126.2259999999999,"body":"and summarizing those key takeaways that you want"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1126.2259999999999,"endTime":1130.5159999999998,"body":"students to take with them, you know, from the"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1126.2259999999999,"endTime":1130.5159999999998,"body":"activity that they've just engaged in."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1131.144,"endTime":1135.434,"body":"What about group work? Because that's a"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1131.144,"endTime":1135.434,"body":"very common component of active learning. What are"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1135.434,"endTime":1142.8139999999999,"body":"some of the what did your participants say about in"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1135.434,"endTime":1142.8139999999999,"body":"terms of both the advantages but also the challenges"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1142.8139999999999,"endTime":1143.414,"body":"with group work?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1143.5939999999998,"endTime":1151.0939999999998,"body":"For sure. A group work came up a lot"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1143.5939999999998,"endTime":1151.0939999999998,"body":"in our in our interviews and I think when, you know,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1151.0939999999998,"endTime":1157.724,"body":"group work was effective, like students appreciated"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1151.0939999999998,"endTime":1157.724,"body":"the chance to interact and explain their ideas to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1157.724,"endTime":1164.624,"body":"their peers and to hear their peers explanation of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1157.724,"endTime":1164.624,"body":"particular topics. But one thing we were really"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1164.624,"endTime":1172.6039999999998,"body":"interested in was the role of like assigning student"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1164.624,"endTime":1172.6039999999998,"body":"group roles during group work, because that is"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1172.6039999999998,"endTime":1178.634,"body":"considered, from my standpoint, like one of the"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1172.6039999999998,"endTime":1178.634,"body":"better like inclusive practices that you can use as"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1178.634,"endTime":1183.764,"body":"an instructor when using group work, right? You want"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1178.634,"endTime":1183.764,"body":"everyone in the group to have a role and to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1183.764,"endTime":1189.7939999999999,"body":"understand what they're responsible for. And our"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1183.764,"endTime":1189.7939999999999,"body":"participants talked about how being assigned a"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1189.7939999999999,"endTime":1196.0939999999998,"body":"particular role in their group can actually really"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1189.7939999999999,"endTime":1196.0939999999998,"body":"hinder their experiences in the classroom. So, for"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1196.0939999999998,"endTime":1202.664,"body":"example, one of our participants who has an SLD in"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1196.0939999999998,"endTime":1202.664,"body":"reading and so specific learning, disability in"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1202.664,"endTime":1210.674,"body":"reading explained that when they are assigned being"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1202.664,"endTime":1210.674,"body":"the reader or the writer in the group for them that"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1210.674,"endTime":1217.0339999999999,"body":"is kind of a horrible situation, right? It can"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1210.674,"endTime":1217.0339999999999,"body":"really intensify some of the pressure that they're"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1217.0339999999999,"endTime":1222.374,"body":"feeling in the group and they felt that their"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1217.0339999999999,"endTime":1222.374,"body":"learning would be much better supported if they"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1222.374,"endTime":1227.8039999999999,"body":"could have a different type of role in the group."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1222.374,"endTime":1227.8039999999999,"body":"And so that's one of the recommendations that we"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1227.8039999999999,"endTime":1234.524,"body":"offer to instructors is, yes, have have the group"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1227.8039999999999,"endTime":1234.524,"body":"roles that's important, but also be flexible and"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1234.524,"endTime":1241.754,"body":"give people outs so that they wouldn't have to be in"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1234.524,"endTime":1241.754,"body":"that role for all the reasons that I just mentioned."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1242.5639999999999,"endTime":1247.1119999999999,"body":"Yeah. You know, and one thing I've been"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1242.5639999999999,"endTime":1247.1119999999999,"body":"wondering about group roles for a while now is that"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1247.292,"endTime":1253.5919999999999,"body":"I think when I started in Higher Ed and I heard"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1247.292,"endTime":1253.5919999999999,"body":"people talk about group roles, they were very about"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1253.982,"endTime":1258.75,"body":"they were focused more on group processes. So"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1253.982,"endTime":1258.75,"body":"there's a reader, there's a note taker, there's a"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1258.75,"endTime":1263.79,"body":"timekeeper, there's a, you know, someone who's going"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1258.75,"endTime":1263.79,"body":"to present at the end to the whole class, right? It"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1263.79,"endTime":1270.09,"body":"was. But then I ran into some sociologists who were"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1263.79,"endTime":1270.09,"body":"looking at more of the cognitive processes that"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1270.09,"endTime":1277.02,"body":"you're wanting students to engage in. And so they"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1270.09,"endTime":1277.02,"body":"would have students who were the question asker the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1277.02,"endTime":1281.6999999999998,"body":"devil's advocate, the creative connector, or making"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1277.02,"endTime":1281.6999999999998,"body":"a connection between whatever they're talking about"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1281.6999999999998,"endTime":1286.577,"body":"and other things in the course or outside of the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1281.6999999999998,"endTime":1286.577,"body":"course. And I felt like those cognitive roles seemed"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1286.577,"endTime":1293.567,"body":"more authentic in a way, and I wonder if that would"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1286.577,"endTime":1293.567,"body":"be a kind of a better direction to go in terms of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1295.1979999999999,"endTime":1300.4379999999999,"body":"those cognitive processes are the are the ones that"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1295.1979999999999,"endTime":1300.4379999999999,"body":"I want all of my students to practice, right?"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1300.7179999999998,"endTime":1303.778,"body":"Regardless of who's taking notes or who's keeping"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1300.7179999999998,"endTime":1303.778,"body":"time. Right."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1304.581,"endTime":1310.578,"body":"Yeah, I think that's really"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1304.581,"endTime":1310.578,"body":"intriguing because, you know, putting my discipline"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1310.578,"endTime":1315.348,"body":"based education researcher hat on here, I don't know"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1310.578,"endTime":1315.348,"body":"of many studies that are looking at that direction."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1315.348,"endTime":1320.778,"body":"I think there are some that are getting off the"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1315.348,"endTime":1320.778,"body":"ground and looking at those types of like teamwork"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1320.778,"endTime":1327.528,"body":"dynamics in groups more explicitly. But I'm really"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1320.778,"endTime":1327.528,"body":"intrigued by that idea. And I think it also has to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1327.528,"endTime":1333.378,"body":"do with maybe the type of task that students are"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1327.528,"endTime":1333.378,"body":"you're asking your students to engage in, because I"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1333.378,"endTime":1339.618,"body":"could imagine, you know, the creative connector,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1333.378,"endTime":1339.618,"body":"right? That might not always be relevant to. Sure"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1339.768,"endTime":1341.7479999999998,"body":"the things that you want them to do. But"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1344.5349999999999,"endTime":1345.5249999999999,"body":"I'm intrigued."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1346.3799999999999,"endTime":1352.282,"body":"So roles is one way to structure that"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1346.3799999999999,"endTime":1352.282,"body":"group conversation. Are there other structures or"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1352.282,"endTime":1357.8919999999998,"body":"aspects of the group conversation where these"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1352.282,"endTime":1357.8919999999998,"body":"students said this was helpful or this was less"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1357.8919999999998,"endTime":1358.3419999999999,"body":"helpful?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1358.8519999999999,"endTime":1367.245,"body":"Yeah. So in terms of the group"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1358.8519999999999,"endTime":1367.245,"body":"dynamics within our study, there were some other"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1367.245,"endTime":1373.845,"body":"aspects. So definitely like timing came up like"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1367.245,"endTime":1373.845,"body":"within the group work and some students perceived"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1373.845,"endTime":1380.7559999999999,"body":"that if the actual interaction between students"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1373.845,"endTime":1380.7559999999999,"body":"wasn't incentivized in the course. Right. Like some"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1380.7559999999999,"endTime":1388.9759999999999,"body":"students are just going to power through or go"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1380.7559999999999,"endTime":1388.9759999999999,"body":"really fast through the activity. And maybe not all"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1388.9759999999999,"endTime":1396.446,"body":"of the students in the group are going to be there"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1388.9759999999999,"endTime":1396.446,"body":"with them. And so that I think, is a concern that"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1396.656,"endTime":1401.606,"body":"instructors should be aware of and to think about"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1396.656,"endTime":1401.606,"body":"how they can incentivize if that's the goal. If you"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1401.606,"endTime":1405.686,"body":"want students to actually work together, how are you"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1401.606,"endTime":1405.686,"body":"going to incentivize that so that people are"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1405.686,"endTime":1411.2659999999998,"body":"completing the tasks along the same timelines and"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1405.686,"endTime":1411.2659999999998,"body":"things like that? And so it could go back to some of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1411.2659999999998,"endTime":1416.126,"body":"those cognitive roles that you were mentioning. That"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1411.2659999999998,"endTime":1416.126,"body":"could be another way to go about that."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1417.2959999999998,"endTime":1422.366,"body":"Yeah, there's a term in the group"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1417.2959999999998,"endTime":1422.366,"body":"dynamic literature about called Interdependence,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1422.366,"endTime":1428.745,"body":"where you're trying to create group activities where"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1422.366,"endTime":1428.745,"body":"everyone has a role to play and the group can't"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1428.745,"endTime":1435.585,"body":"really function or complete the project without"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1428.745,"endTime":1435.585,"body":"everyone contributing in a meaningful way. Yeah. And"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1435.585,"endTime":1440.925,"body":"so, you know, sometimes, sometimes you accomplish"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1435.585,"endTime":1440.925,"body":"that by giving a really challenging project where"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1440.955,"endTime":1446.5349999999999,"body":"one person doesn't have enough time or resources to"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1440.955,"endTime":1446.5349999999999,"body":"finish it. And so now you're depending on others."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1447.675,"endTime":1451.365,"body":"But sometimes that just results in kind of a divide"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1447.675,"endTime":1451.365,"body":"and conquer and you're not actually kind of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1451.365,"endTime":1453.705,"body":"leveraging group learning in that case."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1454.482,"endTime":1458.772,"body":"The other thing that I think about"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1454.482,"endTime":1458.772,"body":"in terms of group work and Neurodivergent students"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1458.772,"endTime":1467.3609999999999,"body":"is giving people options for multiple modalities to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1458.772,"endTime":1467.3609999999999,"body":"engage in the work. So some people write they might"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1467.3609999999999,"endTime":1475.071,"body":"not think and process while talking to other people"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1467.3609999999999,"endTime":1475.071,"body":"do. And so right, giving people the opportunity to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1475.071,"endTime":1482.241,"body":"like sit with a question and write out some ideas to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1475.071,"endTime":1482.241,"body":"get started I think can be helpful. And again, I"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1482.241,"endTime":1487.941,"body":"guess that goes back to how you're designing the"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1482.241,"endTime":1487.941,"body":"task and maybe some of those interdependent pieces,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1487.941,"endTime":1492.6509999999998,"body":"right? So some someone is responsible for this"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1487.941,"endTime":1492.6509999999998,"body":"aspect and someone is responsible for that aspect."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1492.6509999999998,"endTime":1495.231,"body":"We have to work together to complete it."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1495.8609999999999,"endTime":1500.4209999999998,"body":"Yeah. Or to say, you know, maybe you"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1495.8609999999999,"endTime":1500.4209999999998,"body":"need to come up with lots of examples of some"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1500.4209999999998,"endTime":1506.211,"body":"particular concepts, right? And so giving everyone a"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1500.4209999999998,"endTime":1506.211,"body":"chance to do that independently before you start to"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1506.211,"endTime":1509.301,"body":"put those examples together and look for"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1506.211,"endTime":1509.301,"body":"similarities or differences or something."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1509.773,"endTime":1515.3229999999999,"body":"Yeah. And I think the other kind of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1509.773,"endTime":1515.3229999999999,"body":"aspect, I don't know if this is interdependence, but"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1515.3229999999999,"endTime":1521.8029999999999,"body":"in some of the ongoing research we're doing now with"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1515.3229999999999,"endTime":1521.8029999999999,"body":"Neurodivergent students in group work, we hear folks"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1521.8029999999999,"endTime":1530.413,"body":"talk about them really valuing the chance to do deep"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1521.8029999999999,"endTime":1530.413,"body":"dives into ideas with their peers. But not all peers"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1530.413,"endTime":1537.163,"body":"are like ready for those like in-depth types of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1530.413,"endTime":1537.163,"body":"conversations. And so I think kind of balancing"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1537.523,"endTime":1542.203,"body":"those aspects too, like giving people the chance to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1537.523,"endTime":1542.203,"body":"do deep dives into aspects that are really"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1542.203,"endTime":1547.543,"body":"interesting to them. And so maybe bringing in some"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1542.203,"endTime":1547.543,"body":"options for student autonomy, right? Like here are"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1547.543,"endTime":1551.203,"body":"three different things that you're going to have to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1547.543,"endTime":1551.203,"body":"do in the group. Maybe choose the one that's most"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1551.203,"endTime":1556.0629999999999,"body":"interesting to you, and that might be a way to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1551.203,"endTime":1556.0629999999999,"body":"facilitate better group work experiences for"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1556.0629999999999,"endTime":1556.513,"body":"everyone."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1557.0829999999999,"endTime":1558.133,"body":"Yeah, Yeah."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1559.8729999999998,"endTime":1569.1129999999998,"body":"So let me put my old man hat on for a minute. So"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1559.8729999999998,"endTime":1569.1129999999998,"body":"let's suppose hypothetically that I got into active"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1569.1129999999998,"endTime":1574.2559999999999,"body":"learning instruction 15 or 20 years ago and I"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1569.1129999999998,"endTime":1574.2559999999999,"body":"figured out some things that really work for me in,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1574.2559999999999,"endTime":1582.446,"body":"you know, maybe a math class or something. And, and,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1574.2559999999999,"endTime":1582.446,"body":"and maybe I've kind of coasted for a while, right? I"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1582.456,"endTime":1587.666,"body":"figured out my strategies and they seemed to work."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1582.456,"endTime":1587.666,"body":"And, you know, they're research based, but maybe the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1587.666,"endTime":1593.426,"body":"research came out two decades ago. What are some"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1587.666,"endTime":1593.426,"body":"what are some tweaks that I might want to think"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1593.426,"endTime":1598.076,"body":"about making to my active learning instruction,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1593.426,"endTime":1598.076,"body":"given what you've been finding in your in your"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1598.076,"endTime":1598.626,"body":"research?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1599.077,"endTime":1599.547,"body":"Hmm."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1599.9569999999999,"endTime":1601.037,"body":"Hypothetically, of course."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1601.037,"endTime":1606.4379999999999,"body":"Hypothetically. Hypothetically. So"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1601.037,"endTime":1606.4379999999999,"body":"yeah. I think can you give me a little bit more"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1606.4379999999999,"endTime":1612.9479999999999,"body":"context, maybe your particular strategy that you"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1606.4379999999999,"endTime":1612.9479999999999,"body":"want a little bit maybe you're wondering about?"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1613.758,"endTime":1617.9879999999998,"body":"Well, we haven't talked about the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1613.758,"endTime":1617.9879999999998,"body":"flipped classroom yet, so if I think about, like,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1617.9879999999998,"endTime":1622.6979999999999,"body":"how I want students to come to class prepared so"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1617.9879999999998,"endTime":1622.6979999999999,"body":"that we can make the most of our time together,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1624.638,"endTime":1628.898,"body":"what are some some thoughtful ways to approach that"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1624.638,"endTime":1628.898,"body":"here in 2024?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1629.168,"endTime":1633.4279999999999,"body":"Yeah. Okay. Thank you for giving me"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1629.168,"endTime":1633.4279999999999,"body":"a little bit more here to think about to help"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1633.4279999999999,"endTime":1641.858,"body":"scaffold my my response. Okay. So I think one thing"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1633.4279999999999,"endTime":1641.858,"body":"that I found really interesting in our data was how"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1641.858,"endTime":1650.2279999999998,"body":"important, like just organizing materials are for"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1641.858,"endTime":1650.2279999999998,"body":"students. And as someone who maybe struggles a"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1650.2279999999998,"endTime":1656.1979999999999,"body":"little bit with my own organization, right, the way"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1650.2279999999998,"endTime":1656.1979999999999,"body":"that an instructor has organized something might not"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1656.1979999999999,"endTime":1661.598,"body":"be intuitive for students. And so just making maybe"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1656.1979999999999,"endTime":1661.598,"body":"even giving students the opportunity to give you"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1661.598,"endTime":1668.7079999999999,"body":"feedback and how your materials are structured or"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1661.598,"endTime":1668.7079999999999,"body":"organized could be really helpful and a small way to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1671.606,"endTime":1676.7959999999998,"body":"help students out a little bit more and get them"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1671.606,"endTime":1676.7959999999998,"body":"more ready to engage, or at least when they open up"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1676.7959999999998,"endTime":1684.8909999999998,"body":"the course shell right. It's not confusing for them"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1676.7959999999998,"endTime":1684.8909999999998,"body":"to find what they need and to in our in our data,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1684.8909999999998,"endTime":1691.041,"body":"participants are really like do videos over"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1684.8909999999998,"endTime":1691.041,"body":"extensive readings and as instructors are giving"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1691.041,"endTime":1696.561,"body":"readings, having some highlights or some things that"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1691.041,"endTime":1696.561,"body":"they should be paying attention to while going"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1696.561,"endTime":1702.6209999999999,"body":"through the reading is really valuable. And I think"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1696.561,"endTime":1702.6209999999999,"body":"a lot of folks who use flipped classrooms a lot tend"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1702.6209999999999,"endTime":1707.511,"body":"to do that already. So that might not be like"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1702.6209999999999,"endTime":1707.511,"body":"cutting edge tweaks you can make right now. But"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1707.511,"endTime":1714.6509999999998,"body":"things are in our data. Students really valued. So"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1707.511,"endTime":1714.6509999999998,"body":"how those materials are organized and as well as"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1714.6509999999998,"endTime":1720.531,"body":"making it clear what students should be getting from"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1714.6509999999998,"endTime":1720.531,"body":"those materials and why the instructor has maybe"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1720.531,"endTime":1725.6609999999998,"body":"organized them in the way that they've organized"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1720.531,"endTime":1725.6609999999998,"body":"them too are all helpful bits of information for"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1725.6609999999998,"endTime":1726.1409999999998,"body":"students."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1727.1409999999998,"endTime":1732.691,"body":"Well, and I'm thinking about so I never"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1727.1409999999998,"endTime":1732.691,"body":"was one to use videos. When I flip my classroom, I"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1732.691,"endTime":1737.1009999999999,"body":"would lean in to a well-chosen textbook and have"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1732.691,"endTime":1737.1009999999999,"body":"students look at particular parts of that before"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1737.1009999999999,"endTime":1744.3609999999999,"body":"class. But even then, that's just one modality,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1737.1009999999999,"endTime":1744.3609999999999,"body":"right? And so I guess thinking about how could I,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1744.931,"endTime":1750.091,"body":"you know, would it be helpful for me to take a page"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1744.931,"endTime":1750.091,"body":"from my textbook and read it out loud into my"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1750.091,"endTime":1755.431,"body":"microphone and make that audio file available to"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1750.091,"endTime":1755.431,"body":"students as an option instead of reading just the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1755.431,"endTime":1756.061,"body":"straight text?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1756.847,"endTime":1761.857,"body":"Yeah, for sure. Or even I think for"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1756.847,"endTime":1761.857,"body":"me what I've been thinking about as I'm choosing my"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1761.857,"endTime":1766.2369999999999,"body":"own textbook and things like that is making sure,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1761.857,"endTime":1766.2369999999999,"body":"okay, is there an audio version of the textbook that"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1766.2369999999999,"endTime":1769.9569999999999,"body":"students could listen to to get this information?"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1770.677,"endTime":1772.657,"body":"Is that a thing now? Are those"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1770.677,"endTime":1772.657,"body":"available?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1772.837,"endTime":1777.2469999999998,"body":"I think so. Well, the one I've"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1772.837,"endTime":1777.2469999999998,"body":"chosen that looks like an e-book, so they do have"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1777.2469999999998,"endTime":1783.687,"body":"the audio version for people to listen to. So but I"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1777.2469999999998,"endTime":1783.687,"body":"don't know about math. I don't know. Yeah, no, that"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1783.697,"endTime":1784.327,"body":"would be harder."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1785.087,"endTime":1790.7169999999999,"body":"Let's talk a little bit about trust. So"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1785.087,"endTime":1790.7169999999999,"body":"I know this is you've also looked at kind of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1790.7169999999999,"endTime":1794.9769999999999,"body":"students and how they disclose different"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1790.7169999999999,"endTime":1794.9769999999999,"body":"disabilities. And I'm wondering"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1797.6589999999999,"endTime":1806.129,"body":"how can we help our students trust us enough to be"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1797.6589999999999,"endTime":1806.129,"body":"forthcoming with information that we can use to to"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1806.239,"endTime":1807.109,"body":"help teach them better?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1807.2289999999998,"endTime":1813.9789999999998,"body":"There's a lot to unpack here. So"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1807.2289999999998,"endTime":1813.9789999999998,"body":"part of it is letting students know that you, as an"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1813.9789999999998,"endTime":1820.099,"body":"instructor are open and supportive of students using"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1813.9789999999998,"endTime":1820.099,"body":"accommodations in your course. That is not a message"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1820.099,"endTime":1827.4789999999998,"body":"that STEM students are hearing from their peers. And"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1820.099,"endTime":1827.4789999999998,"body":"so I think even small statements like at the start"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1827.4789999999998,"endTime":1836.156,"body":"of your course can really go a long way to make"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1827.4789999999998,"endTime":1836.156,"body":"students feel comfortable. I think talking about the"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1836.156,"endTime":1843.086,"body":"value in having different ways of thinking and"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1836.156,"endTime":1843.086,"body":"having your people's brains function in different"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1843.086,"endTime":1851.576,"body":"ways is important, right? Because a lot of STEM"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1843.086,"endTime":1851.576,"body":"students have an impression that, you know, if you"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1851.576,"endTime":1858.2359999999999,"body":"answer the question the fastest, that's the best."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1851.576,"endTime":1858.2359999999999,"body":"Right? But that's not actually how it works. You"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1858.2359999999999,"endTime":1863.9859999999999,"body":"know, like and if you think about how science is"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1858.2359999999999,"endTime":1863.9859999999999,"body":"created and how we go about research, right? Like"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1864.056,"endTime":1871.2859999999998,"body":"sometimes you need to think about ideas and concepts"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1864.056,"endTime":1871.2859999999998,"body":"in a lot of depth. And it might not be there might"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1871.2859999999998,"endTime":1879.056,"body":"not be a quick answer. And so I think talking about"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1871.2859999999998,"endTime":1879.056,"body":"some of those ideas is valuable. And of course, if"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1879.056,"endTime":1884.336,"body":"you feel comfortable and you yourself identify as"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1879.056,"endTime":1884.336,"body":"using accommodations or being neurodivergent, I"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1884.336,"endTime":1891.056,"body":"think disclosing that to your students is also"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1884.336,"endTime":1891.056,"body":"really valuable because a lot of folks talk about"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1891.056,"endTime":1897.626,"body":"how, you know, they think that probably instructors"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1891.056,"endTime":1897.626,"body":"or doctors have are neurodivergent, but they don't"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1897.626,"endTime":1904.136,"body":"know a very many that are. And so I think making"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1897.626,"endTime":1904.136,"body":"that those statements clear to your students, if you"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1904.136,"endTime":1909.4759999999999,"body":"feel comfortable, can go a long way. It's also about"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1904.136,"endTime":1909.4759999999999,"body":"right right. Like being a good steward of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1909.4759999999999,"endTime":1915.686,"body":"information. And when people do disclose like don't"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1909.4759999999999,"endTime":1915.686,"body":"inadvertently out people in the classroom like"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1915.7459999999999,"endTime":1926.676,"body":"that's bad don't do that really shuts people down."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1915.7459999999999,"endTime":1926.676,"body":"Yes So yeah those are some of the ideas about trust."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1927.694,"endTime":1928.8339999999998,"body":"Yeah, that makes sense."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1930.983,"endTime":1938.703,"body":"And I think to the extent that you can have a plan"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1930.983,"endTime":1938.703,"body":"in place so that when a student does disclose, you"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1938.703,"endTime":1946.0529999999999,"body":"can say here's, you know, here's what we can do. And"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1938.703,"endTime":1946.0529999999999,"body":"even to share examples of those accommodations"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1946.443,"endTime":1954.3909999999998,"body":"before students disclose, because I think sometimes"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1946.443,"endTime":1954.3909999999998,"body":"it's it's one thing to say, I'm happy to work with"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1954.3909999999998,"endTime":1960.484,"body":"you, but if you can also say and here's some ways"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1954.3909999999998,"endTime":1960.484,"body":"I've worked with students in the past, that that"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1960.484,"endTime":1964.5339999999999,"body":"develops a lot of confidence that that this"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1960.484,"endTime":1964.5339999999999,"body":"instructor can actually kind of meet whatever my"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":1964.5339999999999,"endTime":1965.014,"body":"needs are."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1965.164,"endTime":1969.8439999999998,"body":"Yeah, absolutely. And that's"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1965.164,"endTime":1969.8439999999998,"body":"something that students in our study asked for. They"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1969.8439999999998,"endTime":1975.694,"body":"asked for kind of like a roadmap for how an"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1969.8439999999998,"endTime":1975.694,"body":"instructor wants or will go about implementing"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1975.694,"endTime":1983.681,"body":"accommodations in their course. And this is kind of"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1975.694,"endTime":1983.681,"body":"maybe a little bit behind the scenes if you've never"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1984.521,"endTime":1989.9209999999998,"body":"worked closely with the Disability Resource Center"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1984.521,"endTime":1989.9209999999998,"body":"before. But different instructors, right, might"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1989.9209999999998,"endTime":1995.831,"body":"choose, for example, for all their students to go"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1989.9209999999998,"endTime":1995.831,"body":"and take extended time exams at the Disability"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1995.831,"endTime":2002.1009999999999,"body":"Resource Center itself, or the instructor might"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":1995.831,"endTime":2002.1009999999999,"body":"choose to implement that accommodation like in their"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2002.1009999999999,"endTime":2007.6209999999999,"body":"office or things like that. And so having some"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2002.1009999999999,"endTime":2007.6209999999999,"body":"guidance on how you as an instructor are going to go"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2007.6209999999999,"endTime":2013.3809999999999,"body":"about implementing some of those common"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2007.6209999999999,"endTime":2013.3809999999999,"body":"accommodations is helpful. Helpful for students. If"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2013.3809999999999,"endTime":2016.531,"body":"you think about one student, right, they have"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2013.3809999999999,"endTime":2016.531,"body":"different instructors. And if all these different"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2016.531,"endTime":2021.841,"body":"instructors are doing different processes for"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2016.531,"endTime":2021.841,"body":"accommodations, it's a lot to manage and remember."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2023.431,"endTime":2031.232,"body":"And so I think having some guidance in place is"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2023.431,"endTime":2031.232,"body":"helpful. Another thing that I've seen students or"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2031.232,"endTime":2037.0819999999999,"body":"instructors do that students like is if you are"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2031.232,"endTime":2037.0819999999999,"body":"having a student who's taking an exam offsite at the"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2037.0819999999999,"endTime":2043.502,"body":"DRC Disability Resource Center, having a way to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2037.0819999999999,"endTime":2043.502,"body":"check in with the student to ask if they have any"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2043.502,"endTime":2049.442,"body":"questions on the exam, right, That goes a long way"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2043.502,"endTime":2049.442,"body":"in saying like, Hey, I have like I see you as an"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2049.442,"endTime":2054.722,"body":"instructor and I want you to have the same access to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2049.442,"endTime":2054.722,"body":"me as students taking the exam in the classroom."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2054.722,"endTime":2061.322,"body":"Have. And so I think students appreciate that. If"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2054.722,"endTime":2061.322,"body":"you if you can do that and have the bandwidth to do"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2061.322,"endTime":2061.622,"body":"that."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2062.132,"endTime":2067.232,"body":"Yeah. Now, let me ask about another"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2062.132,"endTime":2067.232,"body":"particular practice circling back to the kind of the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2067.232,"endTime":2068.072,"body":"peer instruction."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2070.572,"endTime":2075.882,"body":"So often I would post a multiple choice question. I"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2070.572,"endTime":2075.882,"body":"would have students think about it for a couple of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2075.882,"endTime":2082.092,"body":"minutes, pick an answer, vote. We'll look at the bar"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2075.882,"endTime":2082.092,"body":"graph. If there's not consensus, well then I'll say,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2082.362,"endTime":2086.442,"body":"you know, pair up with someone and talk it out."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2082.362,"endTime":2086.442,"body":"We'll do a second vote and kind of see what's"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2086.442,"endTime":2094.257,"body":"changed. That's a pretty rapid process, right? I'm"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2086.442,"endTime":2094.257,"body":"trying as an instructor to balance the fact that"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2094.257,"endTime":2099.3269999999998,"body":"students need processing time. The fact that I've"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2094.257,"endTime":2099.3269999999998,"body":"got 50 or 100 students whose processing time is very"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2099.3269999999998,"endTime":2104.727,"body":"different. And so, I mean, I'm glad that I have the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2099.3269999999998,"endTime":2104.727,"body":"polling system to let me know how many of my"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2104.727,"endTime":2109.767,"body":"students have answered at any given moment. And so I"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2104.727,"endTime":2109.767,"body":"can kind of let that flex a little bit if they're"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2109.767,"endTime":2114.717,"body":"taking longer with this question. But but there's"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2109.767,"endTime":2114.717,"body":"always this kind of at some point we have to move on."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2114.807,"endTime":2119.667,"body":"I have to close the polling. I have to move to the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2114.807,"endTime":2119.667,"body":"next phase of the activity. And I feel like there's"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2119.667,"endTime":2124.647,"body":"always a tension around students who might have"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2119.667,"endTime":2124.647,"body":"needed more time. And I'm wondering if you if you"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2124.647,"endTime":2129.657,"body":"heard that in your interviews, but then also if you"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2124.647,"endTime":2129.657,"body":"have advice for an instructor and how to how to kind"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2129.657,"endTime":2133.0769999999998,"body":"of manage some of those tensions, because I think"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2129.657,"endTime":2133.0769999999998,"body":"it's a hard place. A hard place to be."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2133.377,"endTime":2139.8269999999998,"body":"Yeah, I agree. It is challenging to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2133.377,"endTime":2139.8269999999998,"body":"balance. So a couple thoughts come to my mind. I"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2139.8269999999998,"endTime":2147.027,"body":"think, first of all, if you are grading those"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2139.8269999999998,"endTime":2147.027,"body":"responses or if they're counting for credit, I think"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2147.027,"endTime":2152.877,"body":"it's really important to give people the opportunity"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2147.027,"endTime":2152.877,"body":"T to turn those and those answers in at a later time,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2152.877,"endTime":2159.747,"body":"potentially if they needed additional time to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2152.877,"endTime":2159.747,"body":"formulate a response. And so having some structures"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2159.747,"endTime":2164.0969999999998,"body":"in place to help with that process is important. I"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2159.747,"endTime":2164.0969999999998,"body":"also think"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2165.811,"endTime":2171.811,"body":"and no one talked about this, but that's an idea"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2165.811,"endTime":2171.811,"body":"that I have. So I'll, I will caveat that, but I"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2171.811,"endTime":2178.542,"body":"would say that, you know, it might be worthwhile,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2171.811,"endTime":2178.542,"body":"like if you can record your class and then people"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2178.542,"endTime":2185.652,"body":"could go back and listen to those particular times"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2178.542,"endTime":2185.652,"body":"if they wanted to have a little bit more. You know,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2185.652,"endTime":2189.942,"body":"that can give people the time to maybe hear what the"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2185.652,"endTime":2189.942,"body":"instructor was saying while they were still"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2189.942,"endTime":2196.272,"body":"processing. Because I know for myself that would be"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2189.942,"endTime":2196.272,"body":"very helpful to have that as a resource,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2198.042,"endTime":2204.2219999999998,"body":"which one concern I always have when I present this"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2198.042,"endTime":2204.2219999999998,"body":"work is that the take away is not to do active"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2204.2219999999998,"endTime":2210.042,"body":"learning and that's not what we want and that's not"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2204.2219999999998,"endTime":2210.042,"body":"what our results shows. So most of the time, right"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2210.042,"endTime":2215.382,"body":"when active learning has been implemented as"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2210.042,"endTime":2215.382,"body":"intended by the developers of that practice,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2215.892,"endTime":2221.532,"body":"students in our study reported having positive"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2215.892,"endTime":2221.532,"body":"experiences. It was when instructors were really"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2221.532,"endTime":2227.892,"body":"kind of go in pretty far off of the recommended"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2221.532,"endTime":2227.892,"body":"practices that we noticed students really having"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2227.892,"endTime":2233.2019999999998,"body":"problems. And I don't want to minimize those"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2227.892,"endTime":2233.2019999999998,"body":"problems at all because for some students, right,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2233.2019999999998,"endTime":2237.4919999999997,"body":"like if it was really poorly designed or really"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2233.2019999999998,"endTime":2237.4919999999997,"body":"poorly implemented, they might have to drop that"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2237.4919999999997,"endTime":2243.792,"body":"class or withdraw. So it is it's serious. And we"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2237.4919999999997,"endTime":2243.792,"body":"want instructors to do the best that we can. They"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2243.792,"endTime":2251.142,"body":"can, but that might look like asking for help from"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2243.792,"endTime":2251.142,"body":"colleagues rather than putting students through that"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2251.142,"endTime":2252.042,"body":"type of situation."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2252.462,"endTime":2255.162,"body":"Gotcha. But the takeaway is not give up"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2252.462,"endTime":2255.162,"body":"on active learning."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2255.372,"endTime":2257.342,"body":"Yes, that is not the takeaway."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2258.172,"endTime":2259.9919999999997,"body":"It's to do it thoughtfully and well."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2260.352,"endTime":2261.852,"body":"Yes, Yes."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2262.621,"endTime":2265.681,"body":"Well, what's next for you? What are"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2262.621,"endTime":2265.681,"body":"what are some of the projects that you and your team"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2265.681,"endTime":2266.5209999999997,"body":"are working on now?"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2267.002,"endTime":2272.232,"body":"Yeah. So I think I kind of alluded"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2267.002,"endTime":2272.232,"body":"to in some of my comments. We're working with"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2272.4919999999997,"endTime":2281.0119999999997,"body":"chemistry, education researcher Steven Podowitz"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2272.4919999999997,"endTime":2281.0119999999997,"body":"Thomas on looking at student Neurodivergent students"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2281.282,"endTime":2287.672,"body":"disclosure experiences during group work. So I kind"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2281.282,"endTime":2287.672,"body":"of think of it as we're zooming in on group work as"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2287.672,"endTime":2293.228,"body":"a specific active learning practices and trying to"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2287.672,"endTime":2293.228,"body":"understand a little bit more about the conditions"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2293.228,"endTime":2300.218,"body":"that students feel necessitate them disclosing"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2293.228,"endTime":2300.218,"body":"they're neurodivergent or not, and how students go"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2300.218,"endTime":2306.368,"body":"about disclosing to their peers. So we're excited"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2300.218,"endTime":2306.368,"body":"about that project and hopefully, I don't know,"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2306.368,"endTime":2312.578,"body":"we're very much in the bowels of qualitative"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2306.368,"endTime":2312.578,"body":"analysis right now with that. So I don't really know"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2312.578,"endTime":2317.468,"body":"where we're going, but some exciting data that"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2312.578,"endTime":2317.468,"body":"should be available at some point in the future."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2317.918,"endTime":2318.308,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2318.968,"endTime":2322.3579999999997,"body":"And thank you so much for being on the"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2318.968,"endTime":2322.3579999999997,"body":"podcast. Mariel It was great talking with you."},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2322.748,"endTime":2324.518,"body":"Yeah, it was really good. Thank you"},{"speaker":"Mariel Pfeifer","startTime":2322.748,"endTime":2324.518,"body":"so much."},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2326.408,"endTime":2329.648,"body":"That was Mariel Pfeifer, assistant"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2326.408,"endTime":2329.648,"body":"professor of biology at the University of"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2329.648,"endTime":2334.928,"body":"Mississippi. Thanks to Mariel for taking the time to"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2329.648,"endTime":2334.928,"body":"talk with me about her work. If you'd like to read"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2334.928,"endTime":2340.8379999999997,"body":"her paper about students with ADHD in active"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2334.928,"endTime":2340.8379999999997,"body":"learning classes, see the show notes for a link. And"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2340.8379999999997,"endTime":2345.668,"body":"if you appreciated Mariel's work and haven't"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2340.8379999999997,"endTime":2345.668,"body":"listened to my episode with Cathryn Friel back in"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2345.668,"endTime":2351.098,"body":"episode 16 of the podcast, you should check that"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2345.668,"endTime":2351.098,"body":"episode out. Cathryn's project involves students"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2351.098,"endTime":2357.163,"body":"with ADHD, but in online courses, instead of active"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2351.098,"endTime":2357.163,"body":"learning classrooms. I'd love to hear your thoughts"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2357.163,"endTime":2361.393,"body":"on my conversation with Mariel. In the show notes,"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2357.163,"endTime":2361.393,"body":"you'll find a link to send me a text message with"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2361.393,"endTime":2367.734,"body":"your thoughts, and you can always email me at"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2361.393,"endTime":2367.734,"body":"derek@derekbruff. org. Intentional Teaching is"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2367.734,"endTime":2373.254,"body":"sponsored by UPCEA, the Online and Professional"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2367.734,"endTime":2373.254,"body":"Education Association. In the show notes, you'll"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2373.254,"endTime":2378.4139999999998,"body":"find a link to the UPCEa website where you can find"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2373.254,"endTime":2378.4139999999998,"body":"out about their research. Networking Opportunities"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2378.4139999999998,"endTime":2383.676,"body":"and professional development offerings. This episode"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2378.4139999999998,"endTime":2383.676,"body":"of Intentional Teaching was produced and edited by"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2383.676,"endTime":2389.6459999999997,"body":"me, Derek Bruff. See the show notes for links to my"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2383.676,"endTime":2389.6459999999997,"body":"website. The intentional teaching newsletter and my"},{"speaker":"Derek Bruff","startTime":2389.6459999999997,"endTime":2391.266,"body":"Patreon where you can help support the."}]}