BridgingTime: A Dialogue Between Lives with Benjamin Carraud

Jim interviews Benjamin Carraud (Jim in the U.S., Benjamin in Vietnam) about the publication of Carraud’s book, “Goodbye Fields of Prokhorovka,” and continues their discussion of Carraud's first regression experience of dying as a WWII officer.  Then his consciousness observed the battlefield for about four days, unable to affect events. 

Carraud describes witnessing dead soldiers from both German and Soviet sides gradually realizing they had died,  and gathering as silent observers.  He saw the painful moment of realizing a living person (later identified as his brother) could not sense him. 

He recounts the difficult 30 days between his first and second regressions, with ongoing flashbacks and doubts about mental illness, until historical research led him to a source noting Captain Kuntzman’s death on July 8, 1943. 

Finding matching details and the date coincidence, Carraud contacted Kuntzman’s grandson and family, who responded supportively and helped verify details.  They will discuss Kuntzman’s background in the next episode.

Transcript

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 1:43

I am here with Benjamin Carrow and I'm very excited to be with you. Welcome Benjamin.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 1:50

Hi, Jim. Thanks for having me again.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 1:52

Oh, yes. And I just get a kick out of the fact that we are doing this interview one person in the United States being me and one person in Vietnam being you. And through the wonders of technology, we're able to do this. And it's really exciting and I. thrilled by doing this interview for many reasons. One of the things that has happened since we did our last interview, there was a little bit of a gap and an important thing happened in history. And that is that this book was actually published and is out, and I bought it out on the marketplace. Goodbye fields of Roka. And this is Benjamin's book about his experience that we're gonna continue to talk about here today. the place that we left off was a very interesting place, and it's where Oregon, the man that you were in your last life, o Oregon had died in this battle, and you were able to experience, his. Consciousness, I would say from his point of view. And it's amazing. And one of the things that took note of was that you were in the consciousness of Oregon and you were looking as like kind of an observer of life and of your previous life that you didn't wanna leave your men.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 3:16

That is true. Wow. First of all, thank you very much for this lovely introduction.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 3:20

oh

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 3:20

it's a pleasure. I am glad that there was some time that elapsed between our previous interview and this one.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 3:26

Okay.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 3:26

Not withstanding the fact that we the, my, my book has finally come out. It also. To come back to the point that you mentioned, indeed, we left off previously when I was telling the memories I experienced, especially during that first regression, because we stopped right at the CDO of the experience, which was when I had experienced essentially my death. You can forget about Oregon Kuntzman right now at the time it was not in my perspective. It was purely, I've experie. Somehow my own death. This is how I felt it. And indeed you, you explained, and I had heard NDE stories before of immediately going into the light in my regression. This was something that was totally absent because I experienced it from the perspective and there was an evolution even in those few days. I found out later that the actual time period is four days. In my memories, it was more blurry. Obviously. I didn't know how many days. I just knew it was more than one. And in, I had followed my man. It started from this very earthly injection, as you say, from an officer to stay with his man and to essentially keep leading them. However, faded relatively quickly. When it came clear to me that I had absolutely no, no way of acting on matter. That's usually how I describe it. You're just there, but it's a one, it's a one way exchange. You are not able to influence what is down there, and therefore you naturally take the position of an observer.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 4:47

Yes.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 4:48

That itself culminated in a hellish battle that I witnessed, which at the time made absolutely no sense to me because even though I could remember it pretty clearly because there was some actual things happening. The battery itself made no sense, strangely enough, in that state of regression I felt like I still had. The ability to analyze tactically what was going on at a simple level, of course, but far more that I would've ever been able to do by myself. I knew that what I was seeing was not from the realm of reality, at least not the way we conceive it on the eastern front. And God knows that Kuntzman had been through a lot of battles, so he had a very front row experience. But that battle was I'm talking about a huge. Configuration of a lot of small skirmishes and fire fats, sometimes evenly, much, sometimes not. And that was the high, the peak of horror witnessed while in that is in United States. I didn't go beyond that in the regression. So this is where it stopped for me. And then of course the regression moved to something a little bit different because then I got understand that a. What I see as key moments, very emotionally important moments that struck whoever's life I was re-experiencing. And that allowed me to understand that character a lot better even during that first.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 6:02

Let me interrupt a little bit and go back to something that you said. That just, that made this situation so unique because I have been looking at people who have near death experiences. is, kind of a past life regression. Spontaneous. It's it's very different because you were able to feel the consciousness be, you were in the same consciousness. That you are today, right?

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 6:28

Yeah.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 6:28

consciousness and that you were able to look for, four days. You were there going through day after day with your men, and that's how strong your determination and your will and your consciousness was as a leader of men. And I think that is so interesting because your life in this life you are a much different person. You don't put yourself at the forefront of the battle and that sort of thing. And I don't mean it, that you're not brave'cause you certainly are to write a book

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 7:02

Yeah I understand what you, I understand what you say.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 7:04

Okay.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 7:04

I probably don't have the same martial how to say warrior blood flowing in my veins, I would say Not exact. It's not exactly what I have in on. Plan for that incarnation over, let's say.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 7:14

Yes. But I think it's, I mean, some of the things that happened in those three to four days that you saw. You saw men who were alive dying, and then what their reaction was when their, they as souls now figured out that they were not men anymore. Can you talk about that a little bit? Do you know what I'm

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 7:38

Yeah.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 7:38

you? Yes.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 7:39

Sure. I understand I can answer from two point of view. The number one is that I indeed saw scenes like that where you, especially one that is, it's quite clear in my mind where the a man looked disemboweled and you could try to see him almost trying to patch up whatever was left. Of course. He's obviously dead, and strangely enough, there was no there was incredible patience from, because I wasn't alone in that position as an observer, I was aware either we were to say we were all alone in the company of others. I don't know if that makes sense. We were not really interacting with each other. We were aware of each other. That's as best as can describe. And we were just like waiting for them. That it was over and naturally they would gravitate towards a like ours, where observing what is going on, you're longer on.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 8:31

And you were able to identify that those others that were watching this battle go on. Were not all from the German army.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 8:40

No some of them are obviously from the Soviet Union. I don't remember any distinction of whether men or officers or leaders or followers or, they all, it was no the unifying factor. We were all men. I don't remember, and I don't remember any, it's gonna sound weird, but pro anybody but combatants

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 8:59

Okay.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 9:00

like the field of battle. Belonged physically to the living and also just slightly off terms of perspective, those who had died, but you didn't have an assembly coming and witness. For instance, I asked, somebody asked me a very interesting question about a week ago. Ask me if I saw, because I don't remember seeing the light for myself, but did I see others? Experiencing that right after they died, because obviously there was a lot of innocent people in that scenario. You don't expect them to also dwell on the battlefield. But I was a bit of a loss to answer that question because I don't remember anybody being, say, extracted. In fact, the natural conclusion of that status to get more and more distance, both on what happens with the living and also what happens with others, it becomes much more lonely. But I, I didn't have that clear of a perspective when I was going through my regression because it stopped at the bottom. It stopped actually when I saw the last travelers trying to regain their airlines and the divide between my state and their state was extremely sharp.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 9:56

It was. It was what? It was extremely.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 9:58

Extremely sharp.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 10:00

Oh, sharp. Okay.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 10:01

It's an image I use in my book as well. The realizing that those were still, those man I was seeing was still alive. And even though the situation was extremely tired, they were still. There was still a flame burning contrast I saw that there was none in I was expecting.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 10:22

And when that moment came that you absolutely realized that you had died and that you could not have any impact on that. I think it was a difficult time for you.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 10:36

Yes, especially it's this is something that I remember really realizing when somebody told my brother I had just died. At the time I didn't know it in neuro regression. I didn't know it was my brother, but I knew I was naturally attracted to that person who was clearly inferior ranks to the ones around him. But my focus. And knowing that this individual named GA couldn't feel me, was probably the, if you ask, if you allow me the metaphor, it was the nail in the coffin. Let's say after that, you don't really hope for anything because what close situation can you be in that next to somebody you deal with and realizing that there is an, there is a barrier you cannot break anymore. That was a strong teacher.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 11:16

Yes. And it's a very interesting process to talk about this because at one point we're talking about you experiencing something that happened many years ago involving the consciousness that had inhabited a different body than you, than the one you have now. And then goes right over to the fact that it's you. Going through life as you and having to, go breakfast and go to work and all that sort of stuff. And because a you did have some time where you finished up with the your therapist and you were continuing to have flashbacks. I believe.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 11:57

Yeah, it's it's, it was probably the hardest thing to write for me because it's a period of my life where I barely have any. It's not that I don't have memories, it's more I don't have any salient points that you can say, oh, for instance, I experienced this two weeks, two weeks after I.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 12:12

Yes.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 12:13

This very nice day that I remember very well. It was very flat, so it, in terms of chronology, it's hard to say. I was definitely still suffering from it. I do have to say that the most intense period was the 30 days I had between the first regression and the second regression. Those were the ones where I felt like everything was open and there was no,

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 12:34

Oh.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 12:34

sense for the first time, there was no sense of really distance. I really feel like I was remembering my own life.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 12:40

Oh,

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 12:40

Before, be before it before, let's say. I wasn't sure really. I still had this thought in my mind that a lot of it, or all of it could be just symptoms of mental illness, But this regression was just just too, I don't know how to explain. You've probably experienced situations where you have some situations that you are pretty sure don't come from you.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 13:03

Yes. Oh, yes.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 13:04

It was the sensation that everything was just too big, too coherent, and just too felt too lifelike to, to be imagination. I didn't immediately jump to, it was necessarily my past life or anything like that. I didn't go that far, But I started to accept that indeed, the those, what I was seeing were the life experience of somebody that really existed.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 13:26

Yes.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 13:27

That, that became very hard to deny also, because down the line I realized that a lot of small details also during my regression were actually things that even though they're not definitive proof, when you put them all together, they are coherent enough and lacking. They, there's not a lot of mistakes Not like you have to, without 50% of what you say, then keep the rest. It wouldn't be intellectually fair. And that was, it was a different phase. Of course, each one was marked by those big milestones. The first regression, the second regression, and.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 13:56

yes. Yes. I had the benefit of going to a person with the purpose of having a past life regression. You, at this point, in those 30 days I don't think you really s still had at this point in time knowledge that there was such a thing as a, regression, I ha I have had a couple really wonderful past life regressions in which I had that same experience that you just described, which was, I really knew it. And I knew it didn't come from my imagination. I knew that this is something that had happened and that I was there. I had been there, and it's very hard to describe that, but it is it's if you're imagining. A pond and someone standing by it, but then instead of your, the person standing by it being in your imagination that you suddenly have the feeling that person had, you have the emotions, you have things that are very human. It's very different. But let's get on to talk a little bit about the fact that one of the things that really, was a big impact on you was when you were doing some history work and you saw a reference to Oregon the 8th of July 1943 was a dark day. This is some text that you saw in a history book. The 8th of July, 1943 was a dark day for the regiment whose commander, captain Kuntzman died when his tank was hit by two anti-tank rounds. sentence hit you a, a brick.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 15:33

Oh yeah. So there is a whole story as to why I ended up on that page as well. I woke up that day and I started to write notes. It's one of the first thing I did that morning. I went on my desk, I started to add some notes about the regression I had because I felt like there was a lot of small details or very visual things like the, my belt buckle or my cap or the different medals. I, I remember wearing. And I was like I, at least I wanna write that down because that's something that could very easily slip away from my mind. And as I was doing that work, I had this almost injunction. Not an injunction, but this flash of saying, I, I have enough information that I could try to see if there's somebody that. Not, I don't think I re, I searched directly for the man. I think I tried to understand about the battle. At first.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 16:21

Yes.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 16:22

Did be a battle that can be identified, maybe that would give me a way. And I, I searched, key words of the last day I remembered. then this page appears, like machine scan, the quality is not great. And I read that. I remember that was highlighted. Because one of my keyword was the, so hash was highlighted, and so naturally my gaze was attracted to that. So the sentence was the very first first thing I read on that page, the eighth, the 8th of July was a dark day for the regiment. And when I ran the name Kuman, this is what really started everything for me because, to this day I don't, I it's really hard to explain how it made me feel. I think it's probably a mix of a lot of things. But I it left me completely speechless because the sentence itself was pretty dry. The information given was relatively. Oh, you just know that the regiment commander died. Apparently it was a big deal and he was killed by two anti-tank rounds in his command tank, which for me, for some reason didn't really matter. I said, okay, fine. What I focus on is the name, I typed the name, and I find a page in Polish that gives me a very short but detailed outline of this men's career.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 17:33

Oh.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 17:34

Who was he? First of all, something doesn't feel right because the rank is not correct. So I know that some, I know that some, I think something is off. Turns out when I looked down, I realized he had posthumous promotions, which explains the discrepancy. And and yeah and then I found out that this man's birthday was 9th of November, 1909, and the day after I was reading that page was the 9th of November, 2017.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 18:01

Oh my

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 18:01

And I

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 18:02

Oh my goodness.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 18:03

And then I checked relatively quickly some things matched. Like I remember starting the war to specific rank. Orman had the same, I remember dying at a specific rank. Orman had the same, but he had, he was recorded as two ranks higher. He would have to know that he died at his rank, which is something I was aware and, and from then on, like this strange story started, it's yeah, now I had the name, I had something I could latch onto

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 18:30

Yeah. Yeah.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 18:31

that first emotion was really the trigger. Because I think if I just had a slight doubt, I probably wouldn't have taken the time to really dive into the life of one man. Yeah. I wasn't interested in that.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 18:42

It came, it just came home to you. It, it lodged And,

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 18:46

Yep.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 18:47

That, after that, did you feel solid in him or not yet? yet.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 18:53

In fact, part of my investigation, if I may say, was to find stuff that line up,

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 18:59

Oh, okay. Yep,

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 19:01

because.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 19:05

yep.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 19:06

Because he was a SS of the Ovv division and I wanted nothing. I wanted nothing to do with that. Nothing. I've never yeah. I've, but even beyond that. Yeah. Some people I talk to, they have a fascination for the history of the va. S as a fighting force, think, oh, there was so valued and so ferocious. That is true. However, from the start I knew exactly what I was dealing with. It's a bunch of fogs. I, if people see nobility in slaughtering, just coloring the battlefield red everywhere you go. Good on them. I never had this kind of So I, but I, it's the strange thing is that I started to tick a lot of small boxes,

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 19:42

yes. Yes.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 19:44

Obviously the huge break was when I, as I was looking for information about Oregon Mann, I discovered that some forum post on some axis access history forums existed about Oregon specifically.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 19:56

Okay.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 19:57

Some of them gave relatively contradicting information, but as a whole it gave a, at least a simple story of Oregon, classic staff officer that moves up the ranks. But then I saw the, I saw a message of his grandson there.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 20:12

Yes. Yes.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 20:14

The post was eight years old, so I assume though this must have been somebody who was doing a school project about his grandfather or something, but the Post said, please write to me if you have information about the death of my grandfather. I said, my fingers.'cause I didn't hesitate for a second. I didn't hesitate for a second, Jim. I was like this.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 20:35

This is, that's the link right there. Yeah.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 20:39

I, oh yeah. I, I used to be shy when I was young. I can tell you I wasn't shy. I wasn't shy at that moment, and

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 20:47

No.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 20:47

I don't know why, but I did, I sent an email detailing everything I could verify and everything. I couldn't verify, obviously, and I.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 20:57

Oh, I think that was a smart way to do it. You gave yourself credibility that you weren't a kook wacky person. You were a serious person making a serious inquiry. And And

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 21:09

Yes, Also, there's another layer to that be beyond my own credibility, which to be fair, it was such a in the ocean that I didn't. I said, I at least, you miss a hundred percent of the shots you don't take.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 21:22

That's right.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 21:23

But I was the aspect I was very careful about was I have personally done research work on the history of my family, even with my family being from the Ali side, so English and French. It's still a touchy subject. It's always complicated. You always, there's always some skeletons in the closet, some stories that have been untold, some secrets that old people are hoping will die with them.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 21:47

Yes.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 21:48

And so I say now I'm dealing with an SS officer that was part of a very in famous SS division. Let's be. So I was really trying to say I respect the memory of your a, regardless of how you view my story. I just hope, I just wanna say that I come from the perspective of somebody who wants to extend a hand and he replied in 15 minutes

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 22:10

That's amazing. An 8-year-old post and he replied In 15 minutes,

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 22:16

and

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 22:16

heart

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 22:16

reached.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 22:17

leaped.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 22:19

I wait until you hear this because I was talking to the grandson, right? And then he says my, my father, so the son of Iman is actually with me as I'm, as I read your Mess, your Message. So immediately the contact was made and within. Within 12 hours they, we had exchanged a few messages. I, I have to give them credit. The Kuntzman family are extraordinary. I can only put myself in their shoes. And having somebody that comes and come with a story like that A different country,

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 22:51

yes

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 22:51

the fact that they read my entire letter, first of all, shows. Openmindedness

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 22:57

definitely.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 22:58

Also they, their first concern is, was they were concerned about my how I was, because obviously I said that it trouble me that I had been going through nightmares when I was younger and then flashbacks. They were extremely supportive. From that point on I found in them a very beautiful tale of resilience of of human beings. They, because I'm, I don't want to tell this the story of the family. It's not mine to tell, I know what happened to them after the war.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 23:23

Okay.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 23:25

The Kuntzman family can hold their head high. Really? I have nothing but respect for them, for how they treated me and how they managed to go from what they've been through to who. The Kuntzman family members that I know now are incredible people. So it's, for me, it's a tale of the how yeah, the human race. If you keep optimistic, you.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 23:46

Yes. Yes. And that's very good of you to bring that out because Yes the, some people that are listening to this, whether they hear the Ss and they hear the. The idea that this man was a, an armed combatant against the allied forces that they might have some critical thoughts and judgmental thoughts and here you were able to get through immediately to the heart and soul of this family. Not the past events, but the heart and soul of who, who are the kuntzman and who are you.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 24:18

I dare say that. And I hope I'm not sounding arrogant when I say that, but I hope I, I brought an emotional aspect that was missing in. With those. Through the meager answers I was able to give because I think that I, through my investigation, and I hope we can develop that a bit later. I found that Oregon was a complicated man, And while his past and his experiences do not excuse how he decided to use his talents, I think it, it gives a bit more depth. And I've, I do hope that me coming to them and telling them what I experienced has given me, has given them a sense that ar Uzman was after all a man,

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 25:04

Yes.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 25:05

and he deserves to take his rightful place in the history of their family. Just like he has taken his life and place in the rest of the memories I carry, he.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 25:15

Do want to jump into that a little bit later because that is one of the most important parts of the, of your whole story One thing that I wanted to. To stop with is that in your research with the kuntzman, there were things that you could verify. There were things that they could verify. There were things that, that one of you knew that the other didn't and that sort of thing. And so it, it seems like it really. And made the history very solid because there were a lot of things that you remembered part of and that they could tie into and that sort of thing. Oregon's father was a shopkeeper, right?

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 25:51

Yes.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 25:51

his, that's how he grew up.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 25:54

Yeah. You had a toy shop.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 25:55

Just a,

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 25:56

A toy shop,

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 25:57

he

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 25:57

yeah.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 25:57

boy whose dad had a toy shop.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 26:00

Yeah.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 26:01

Yeah.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 26:01

But in, in that time in Germany, that puts you in a special category. You are an independent worker. You are considered middle class at least, because the coming out of the 1920s. Especially coming after the first World War if you were like a normal worker, this is a very complicated thing, but if you're independent like that, you literally, Oregon grew up in a spa town, so it's very touristy, which of course I assume I'm speaking, okay, this is pure speculation on my part, but this is something I remember, so I wanna share it.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 26:30

sure.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 26:30

The hardship that you go through when when you, the hardship. Sorry to speak this way, but it's very volatile. If there is economic tension, your whole thing is straight of collapses. So you're at the mercy of of dynamics within the country. Much more sharply than you would if you were, let's say, a seasoned factory worker that is much more shielded by that because you're qualified.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 26:49

Yes. Your financial life ebbed and flowed as

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 26:53

Sure.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 26:53

economy and

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 26:55

yeah, and it's also the it's also, it's so much more than the lived experience. It's also the perspectives, because I think that a lot of people in Germany at the time were scarred by the outcome of the first World War

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 27:06

yes.

benjamin_1_02-25-2026_191304 27:06

In the way that the war ended and the situation got worse before it got better. And that itself causes the fear of the situation like that coming back also explains why people who were in that situation were so keen to support far right leaders, because they were the only ones who were seemingly in opposition against the very left wing groups you had in Germany at the time Spartak, etal, all these groups that were vying for power. It's, I think people forget how close, close. How looming the fear of Germany becoming another red state, and ready to blow up.

james_1_02-25-2026_071304 27:42

Geographically, very close. And yes, just big fear. And I want to, soon in this interview process, I want to talk about Oregon as a man and how he was thought of and that sort of thing. And I think we're gonna need to do that in our next episode because we're out of time on this one so let's finish up now and then we'll come back and get into who is this guy, Oregon Conman. What, where did he start from? Okay. Thank you. Thank you.