{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.4,"endTime":2.96,"body":"Coming up on the Leadership Growth Podcast."},{"startTime":4.96,"endTime":10.44,"body":"There's always this 20% in every organization that I've been a part of that really just wants to build and wants to put stuff together."},{"startTime":10.44,"endTime":15.92,"body":"And oftentimes, you just need to bring them together and you need to give them the freedom to do so."},{"startTime":15.92,"endTime":23.18,"body":"I've always been really enamored with the idea of the 20% time that Google used to have or still has, I'm not sure,"},{"startTime":23.18,"endTime":27.28,"body":"because it really does enable these ideas to grow."},{"startTime":27.84,"endTime":35.32,"body":"And I would say that they're most effective when they don't always have to be driven by the mission."},{"startTime":35.32,"endTime":39.64,"body":"So sometimes you get leadership and they're like, oh, we should have this thing."},{"startTime":39.64,"endTime":42.32,"body":"And they're like, okay, we're going to have very specific things."},{"startTime":42.32,"endTime":44.18,"body":"And then you should work on these projects."},{"startTime":44.18,"endTime":45.3,"body":"And that's your 20% time."},{"startTime":45.3,"endTime":51.6,"body":"That completely ruins the idea of having this chance to be creative and a chance to grow."},{"startTime":51.32,"endTime":58.82,"body":"Because the goal of kind of enabling the technology is to ultimately be able to use it in your"},{"startTime":58.32,"endTime":62.82,"body":"normal day-to-day tasks or to build new products, both externally and internally."},{"startTime":62.82,"endTime":67.54,"body":"But also, there's a sneaky side effect of like building up your workforce and"},{"startTime":67.82,"endTime":70.54,"body":"getting them comfortable with it and having them feel empowered about it."},{"startTime":78.54,"endTime":79.44,"body":"Hey, everyone."},{"startTime":79.44,"endTime":81.9,"body":"Welcome to the Leadership Growth Podcast."},{"startTime":81.9,"endTime":83.82,"body":"I'm your host, Daniel Stewart."},{"startTime":83.82,"endTime":88.32,"body":"My brother, Peter, who's normally a guest host with me, he's out ill."},{"startTime":88.32,"endTime":91.32,"body":"So I hope he recovers and feels better soon."},{"startTime":91.32,"endTime":95.28,"body":"However, I have a tremendously special guest."},{"startTime":95.28,"endTime":98.82,"body":"We are really pleased to have Travis Hoppe join us."},{"startTime":98.82,"endTime":99.84,"body":"Welcome, Travis."},{"startTime":99.84,"endTime":101.02,"body":"Thank you for having me."},{"startTime":101.56,"endTime":103.96,"body":"And so, folks, today is AI."},{"startTime":103.96,"endTime":105.36,"body":"It is all about AI."},{"startTime":105.36,"endTime":111.38,"body":"Let me read some of Travis's background, just so folks have a sense of who he is,"},{"startTime":111.36,"endTime":116.38,"body":"because we are going to dive into all things AI and what we as leaders can need"},{"startTime":116.36,"endTime":121.38,"body":"to pay attention to and how to best leverage it for our teams and organizations."},{"startTime":121.84,"endTime":128.2,"body":"So, Travis Hoppe served as the former director of AI research and development"},{"startTime":128.84,"endTime":133.2,"body":"at the White House Office of Science Technology Policy in the Biden administration."},{"startTime":133.2,"endTime":137.06,"body":"I believe he just recently finished that as well."},{"startTime":137.06,"endTime":142.6,"body":"Prior to his time in the White House, his team enabled the CDC to be the first"},{"startTime":142.06,"endTime":150.6,"body":"federal agency to unilaterally deploy a generative AI model, chat GPT, to all staff."},{"startTime":151.0,"endTime":158.3,"body":"Travis co-authored The Pile, a pioneering open source data set used for training large language models"},{"startTime":158.0,"endTime":166.3,"body":"that served as a catalyst for promoting open science within the field of AI, and holds a PhD in physics."},{"startTime":166.3,"endTime":168.58,"body":"Travis, again, welcome."},{"startTime":168.58,"endTime":169.5,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":169.5,"endTime":173.44,"body":"So, let's start with a kind of a broad question here."},{"startTime":173.44,"endTime":174.7,"body":"Word association."},{"startTime":174.86,"endTime":183.24,"body":"When I say AI, what comes to your mind with everything that's going on, all the press, all of the headlines?"},{"startTime":183.24,"endTime":185.66,"body":"What is it to you and your experience?"},{"startTime":185.66,"endTime":192.48,"body":"So, it's a really hard question to answer because if you were to ask me five years ago,"},{"startTime":192.66,"endTime":194.48,"body":"AI would be mostly research and development."},{"startTime":194.7,"endTime":197.3,"body":"There was some AI for process development."},{"startTime":197.3,"endTime":199.52,"body":"This was more your traditional machine learning."},{"startTime":199.52,"endTime":204.06,"body":"But with the rise of generative AI and with the rise of these really powerful models"},{"startTime":204.52,"endTime":207.06,"body":"like these transformer models that are covering everything now,"},{"startTime":207.62,"endTime":214.28,"body":"we're seeing AI not just be kind of like an academic curiosity or a problem-solving"},{"startTime":214.62,"endTime":217.28,"body":"sort of device on like the very technical measures."},{"startTime":217.28,"endTime":222.04,"body":"What we're seeing is this technology that you can't just think of and throw it"},{"startTime":222.28,"endTime":224.04,"body":"in the hands of your data scientists anymore."},{"startTime":224.2,"endTime":226.16,"body":"It's something that touches on legal."},{"startTime":226.16,"endTime":228.06,"body":"It's something that touches on the labor issues."},{"startTime":228.06,"endTime":230.56,"body":"It's something that you have to think about UI and UX."},{"startTime":230.56,"endTime":234.2,"body":"It's something that has international policy considerations."},{"startTime":234.2,"endTime":240.28,"body":"These really weren't there maybe 10 years ago, and they were kind of like at the back burner five years ago."},{"startTime":240.28,"endTime":248.16,"body":"But I would say if you're a leader in any of the businesses within the U.S., AI isn't just a technology anymore."},{"startTime":248.16,"endTime":252.36,"body":"It's something that you have to think of on all the different components of your business."},{"startTime":252.84,"endTime":254.94,"body":"So that's kind of a non-answer to get us started."},{"startTime":254.94,"endTime":260.8,"body":"But it's actually really complicated because I think we could have a discussion"},{"startTime":260.94,"endTime":265.8,"body":"over these next 25 minutes about all of these different aspects of AI."},{"startTime":266.8,"endTime":269.92,"body":"Well, give us a lay of the land for the moment."},{"startTime":269.92,"endTime":272.78,"body":"Many of us know the term AI."},{"startTime":272.78,"endTime":275.24,"body":"Many of us know the term generative AI."},{"startTime":275.24,"endTime":279.44,"body":"What else is there other than generative AI?"},{"startTime":279.58,"endTime":284.38,"body":"Because I have a feeling that many, many average folks, shall I say,"},{"startTime":284.58,"endTime":289.38,"body":"many non-techies kind of merge AI with generative AI."},{"startTime":289.38,"endTime":293.2,"body":"And we're not quite aware of all of the other uses."},{"startTime":293.2,"endTime":297.42,"body":"Give us a sense of that broader sense of it."},{"startTime":297.92,"endTime":302.64,"body":"So this is a really, it's a really fun question because the federal government"},{"startTime":302.92,"endTime":306.64,"body":"also struggled with defining AI and the legislative branch struggled with"},{"startTime":306.92,"endTime":311.64,"body":"what does AI mean when we want to regulate it or we want to legislate it."},{"startTime":311.34,"endTime":315.14,"body":"And if you go back to some of the documents that, you know, that have been put out"},{"startTime":315.34,"endTime":319.14,"body":"over the last couple of years, AI is a really, really broad term."},{"startTime":319.14,"endTime":323.5,"body":"It encompasses those things that we would traditionally call like machine learning."},{"startTime":323.5,"endTime":328.6,"body":"And this goes all the way back down to, you know, we had the debates whether"},{"startTime":328.5,"endTime":335.6,"body":"logistic regression is a form of AI because at its heart, what AI is, is a set of data"},{"startTime":335.6,"endTime":339.5,"body":"and a model, which is just a bunch of weights, a bunch of numbers that you're trying to"},{"startTime":339.6,"endTime":344.5,"body":"optimize and trying to get that optimization to match a certain type of output."},{"startTime":344.5,"endTime":351.34,"body":"So it could be, can you predict whether a customer is going to click on this new button that we have?"},{"startTime":351.34,"endTime":354.26,"body":"You know, you have your A-B testing for something and you have a bunch"},{"startTime":354.34,"endTime":356.26,"body":"of user data and you want to make a prediction."},{"startTime":356.48,"endTime":358.14,"body":"That is considered AI as well."},{"startTime":358.14,"endTime":360.74,"body":"It was in the field of machine learning that we normally have it."},{"startTime":360.74,"endTime":365.1,"body":"And then, you know, you have the stuff that we call generative AI."},{"startTime":365.1,"endTime":371.34,"body":"And I think what makes generative AI different as a fundamental technology is the way it's trained."},{"startTime":371.34,"endTime":374.38,"body":"So typically we would play the game like, is this a hot dog?"},{"startTime":374.38,"endTime":375.62,"body":"Is this not a hot dog?"},{"startTime":375.62,"endTime":379.72,"body":"And you try to figure out, you know, have the machine learn hot dog or not hot dog."},{"startTime":379.72,"endTime":383.62,"body":"What generative AI did differently is it's in its training regime."},{"startTime":383.76,"endTime":388.74,"body":"Instead of trying to predict one specific thing, which you need trained data for,"},{"startTime":388.76,"endTime":393.74,"body":"and it was very expensive to get that trained data, you just tried to have it predict something it saw a lot of."},{"startTime":393.74,"endTime":397.64,"body":"So if you give it a bunch of pictures, you say, give me more pictures like this."},{"startTime":397.64,"endTime":401.24,"body":"If you have a bunch of text, you say, give me more text like this."},{"startTime":401.24,"endTime":403.44,"body":"These were the very first generative models."},{"startTime":403.44,"endTime":407.26,"body":"You couldn't really steer them very much, but we combined this"},{"startTime":407.44,"endTime":409.26,"body":"with this crazy thing called reinforcement learning."},{"startTime":409.26,"endTime":413.82,"body":"And then you could start steering them to have more chat-like conversations."},{"startTime":413.2,"endTime":417.9,"body":"So all of the, like, machine learning tasks that we had, that also encompasses all of AI."},{"startTime":417.9,"endTime":422.12,"body":"What's different about generative AI is it kind of, you build these foundation models"},{"startTime":422.9,"endTime":427.12,"body":"that can take large, large corpuses of text or images or videos."},{"startTime":427.12,"endTime":429.9,"body":"And then from there, you can build specialized models on them."},{"startTime":431.26,"endTime":437.64,"body":"So this predictive quality, it sounds like there's generative AI,"},{"startTime":437.26,"endTime":444.64,"body":"and then there's all of this other types of AI that ultimately are trying to predict what might come."},{"startTime":444.64,"endTime":446.82,"body":"Is that a fair way of putting it?"},{"startTime":447.3,"endTime":451.68,"body":"I think a really good way to think of this, you know, especially if you're at the top of an organization"},{"startTime":451.3,"endTime":456.68,"body":"is that all AI does fundamentally is model something it's seen before."},{"startTime":456.68,"endTime":458.92,"body":"And you can make that more adaptable, right?"},{"startTime":459.3,"endTime":462.12,"body":"Maybe you're looking at crop yields and you're trying to model or predict"},{"startTime":462.3,"endTime":466.12,"body":"what's going to happen or impute missing data because your sensors were broken."},{"startTime":466.12,"endTime":468.72,"body":"That is a form of AI."},{"startTime":468.26,"endTime":473.76,"body":"If you're trying to model natural language, which is what kind of generative AI does, that is also a model."},{"startTime":473.76,"endTime":477.08,"body":"It's a much more complicated model, and we didn't think we could do that before."},{"startTime":477.08,"endTime":482.58,"body":"But at the end of the day, what AI is doing is modeling the data that we've seen before,"},{"startTime":482.08,"endTime":489.58,"body":"which is why, when you're thinking about, like, the capabilities of AI, it's really useful to think about interpolation."},{"startTime":489.98,"endTime":495.04,"body":"You know, if you have a bunch of data points and you want to predict something within those data points,"},{"startTime":495.98,"endTime":499.04,"body":"you know, maybe it's something that hasn't quite occurred, but there's been other instances like it."},{"startTime":499.04,"endTime":503.78,"body":"Your predictive modeling, your machine learning, your AI is going to do a really good job"},{"startTime":503.04,"endTime":505.78,"body":"if you've done, if you trained it well."},{"startTime":505.78,"endTime":509.04,"body":"When you try to extrapolate outside of that, it's not going to do as good of a job."},{"startTime":509.04,"endTime":513.62,"body":"And so one of the questions we get, I think every data scientist gets, you know,"},{"startTime":513.04,"endTime":514.62,"body":"they get called into the office."},{"startTime":514.62,"endTime":516.06,"body":"You're like, oh, cool, you built this thing."},{"startTime":516.06,"endTime":519.2,"body":"And now can you make it do X, where X is like an impossible task."},{"startTime":519.2,"endTime":523.44,"body":"And oftentimes we go through and we explain that same task again."},{"startTime":523.44,"endTime":528.3,"body":"It's like, no, you give us a bunch of training data or you give us a bunch of things to model after."},{"startTime":528.3,"endTime":530.86,"body":"We can probably make a machine do the same thing."},{"startTime":530.86,"endTime":537.18,"body":"I like to come up with the analogy, like, if you have a really good intern, that's about where AI is."},{"startTime":538.52,"endTime":541.38,"body":"But, you know, there are people who are trying to push the boundaries of that"},{"startTime":541.52,"endTime":546.38,"body":"in like mathematics and other sorts of like really esoteric, highly specialized fields."},{"startTime":546.38,"endTime":551.38,"body":"But broadly, the AI that's accessible to everybody today"},{"startTime":551.38,"endTime":555.38,"body":"that is something that if you could show somebody and talk them through it,"},{"startTime":555.38,"endTime":558.38,"body":"like I want you to do these sorts of numbers, I want you to do these sorts of statistics."},{"startTime":558.38,"endTime":562.36,"body":"That's what the capabilities of AI are."},{"startTime":563.36,"endTime":568.2,"body":"So a question I've always wanted to ask, algorithms."},{"startTime":568.2,"endTime":570.26,"body":"What's the difference?"},{"startTime":570.26,"endTime":573.86,"body":"Or chatbots, but more so algorithms."},{"startTime":573.86,"endTime":578.12,"body":"Isn't that a similar type of early development in AI?"},{"startTime":578.12,"endTime":582.18,"body":"Because clearly AI goes farther than that, but in some ways it sounds similar."},{"startTime":582.96,"endTime":586.48,"body":"So we're getting really technical and in the weeds here."},{"startTime":586.48,"endTime":588.42,"body":"And let me do a disclaimer before I answer your question."},{"startTime":588.42,"endTime":594.2,"body":"Is when we thought about this, so OMB released a memorandum, M-24-10."},{"startTime":594.2,"endTime":599.44,"body":"It was how the government is supposed to regulate itself with respect to AI."},{"startTime":599.44,"endTime":602.1,"body":"And the way they focused on this."},{"startTime":602.1,"endTime":605.16,"body":"And OMB, just to let folks know, Office of Management and Budget?"},{"startTime":606.04,"endTime":607.44,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":607.44,"endTime":608.74,"body":"Office of Management and Budget."},{"startTime":608.74,"endTime":609.46,"body":"Thank you for filling in my acronyms."},{"startTime":609.46,"endTime":610.06,"body":"Sure, sure.  Of course."},{"startTime":610.56,"endTime":612.02,"body":"Recovering federal worker."},{"startTime":612.02,"endTime":618.76,"body":"No, M-24-10, for those of you who are paying attention, if you want to look it up at home,"},{"startTime":618.02,"endTime":624.76,"body":"this memorandum described what we as federal agencies should do when we're using AI."},{"startTime":624.76,"endTime":629.04,"body":"And the focus on it wasn't so much on the definition, although it provides a definition,"},{"startTime":629.76,"endTime":632.04,"body":"and I'll answer your question about algorithms and that,"},{"startTime":632.76,"endTime":637.04,"body":"was that it focused on the harms that a certain model could cause."},{"startTime":637.04,"endTime":643.54,"body":"So if you're NOAA and you're looking for sea lions, which is something NOAA does"},{"startTime":643.04,"endTime":645.54,"body":"it's one of their AI projects in the inventory, you can look it up."},{"startTime":645.54,"endTime":649.06,"body":"If that goes wrong, maybe you don't track all the sea lions,"},{"startTime":649.54,"endTime":651.06,"body":"and then maybe that's bad for the scientist that's doing it."},{"startTime":651.26,"endTime":657.28,"body":"If you're, I don't know, the Center for Medicaid Services, or you're the Department of Homeland Security,"},{"startTime":657.26,"endTime":664.28,"body":"and you're dealing with AI, or just any machine or system that operates on something that would be trust,"},{"startTime":664.26,"endTime":669.28,"body":"or safety, or rights impacting AI, there's a whole bunch of things you should consider."},{"startTime":669.84,"endTime":673.76,"body":"And so we can get into the definitions and what's important and what's not,"},{"startTime":673.84,"endTime":676.76,"body":"and I will tell you, they're not universally agreed upon."},{"startTime":676.76,"endTime":679.68,"body":"But there's two really, really useful ways to think about AI."},{"startTime":679.68,"endTime":685.06,"body":"And one is the harms it's going to cause, so what sort of preventative measures I should take."},{"startTime":685.06,"endTime":688.68,"body":"And the other is, what are the capabilities of that model?"},{"startTime":689.48,"endTime":693.34,"body":"But to go back and to answer your question, get off my soapbox for a second."},{"startTime":693.34,"endTime":697.76,"body":"You can have algorithms that aren't machine learning or AI."},{"startTime":697.76,"endTime":705.66,"body":"So if you have a decision tree where you look, you know, back in the day, you might have a checklist,"},{"startTime":705.76,"endTime":709.66,"body":"you're a government worker, somebody comes in and you say, oh, if they look like this, they go in this box."},{"startTime":709.66,"endTime":711.34,"body":"If they look like this, they go in this box."},{"startTime":711.48,"endTime":713.82,"body":"And then if they're in this box, they get sorted again."},{"startTime":713.82,"endTime":715.94,"body":"If they're this age, they go in this box."},{"startTime":715.94,"endTime":717.46,"body":"If they're in this age, they go in this box."},{"startTime":717.46,"endTime":720.36,"body":"That is absolutely an algorithm."},{"startTime":720.36,"endTime":724.84,"body":"It's not considered machine learning or AI because what you're doing,"},{"startTime":724.36,"endTime":728.84,"body":"you're not training a model to kind of optimize the weights for this."},{"startTime":728.84,"endTime":734.16,"body":"So if you did it by, if you had a machine say, oh, what would be the best way to put them in this box?"},{"startTime":734.16,"endTime":735.52,"body":"Like what fraction of people?"},{"startTime":735.52,"endTime":737.0,"body":"Or where should the boxes be?"},{"startTime":737.0,"endTime":738.78,"body":"Or what should the boxes actually be?"},{"startTime":738.78,"endTime":740.18,"body":"Like how should we break them down?"},{"startTime":740.72,"endTime":743.46,"body":"That is called, you know, a decision tree."},{"startTime":743.46,"endTime":745.12,"body":"And you can actually learn those weights."},{"startTime":745.12,"endTime":748.72,"body":"So that then it would become machine learning again because you're"},{"startTime":748.12,"endTime":751.72,"body":"teaching the machine to learn the patterns of the data."},{"startTime":751.72,"endTime":755.56,"body":"But before that, we just had an algorithm that says it goes in here or it doesn't go in here."},{"startTime":755.56,"endTime":757.78,"body":"And that's the distinction."},{"startTime":757.78,"endTime":763.04,"body":"Like all machine learning, all AI has algorithms at their heart,"},{"startTime":763.78,"endTime":767.04,"body":"but not all algorithms are necessarily machine learned."},{"startTime":767.04,"endTime":768.88,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":768.2,"endTime":776.06,"body":"So this machine learning is really the distinguishing characteristic that it helps"},{"startTime":766.2,"endTime":783.06,"body":"to be able to then have it learn for itself, to be able to make things more accurate, better in some way."},{"startTime":783.06,"endTime":784.68,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":784.84,"endTime":785.42,"body":"So let's take a step back."},{"startTime":785.42,"endTime":787.54,"body":"Say I'm a business owner."},{"startTime":787.54,"endTime":788.38,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":788.38,"endTime":792.88,"body":"I have a small business, maybe a medium sized business or even a big, large business."},{"startTime":792.88,"endTime":795.36,"body":"I've read lots of things about AI."},{"startTime":795.36,"endTime":796.74,"body":"I've heard lots of things."},{"startTime":796.74,"endTime":802.62,"body":"There is this anxiety and urgency at the same time to do something"},{"startTime":802.74,"endTime":805.62,"body":"with AI so that my business can be competitive."},{"startTime":805.62,"endTime":809.76,"body":"It can be faster, better, more efficient in all these ways."},{"startTime":809.32,"endTime":817.82,"body":"What are some of the ways I might want to think about applying AI in my business,"},{"startTime":817.32,"endTime":825.82,"body":"especially with what you've learned, Travis, using AI and policy around AI with the federal government?"},{"startTime":825.82,"endTime":829.24,"body":"What have you learned that business leaders might be able to learn from?"},{"startTime":830.24,"endTime":836.2,"body":"So I'll first state that AI is just another piece of technology."},{"startTime":836.2,"endTime":838.52,"body":"It's a little bit different and I'll step on that."},{"startTime":838.52,"endTime":843.14,"body":"And so everything we learned about enabling technology within your organization, all of that still applies."},{"startTime":843.14,"endTime":846.56,"body":"I think we forget about some of this thing."},{"startTime":846.3,"endTime":850.96,"body":"You know, we were thinking about, oh, how do we how do we do cybersecurity and AI?"},{"startTime":850.96,"endTime":853.3,"body":"And like 95 percent of it is the same thing."},{"startTime":853.3,"endTime":856.06,"body":"It's just cybersecurity with a different type of file, right?"},{"startTime":856.48,"endTime":860.18,"body":"And there's some unique things about cybersecurity and AI that we should consider."},{"startTime":860.18,"endTime":867.4,"body":"But by and large, a lot of this for for most businesses, this is just another technology."},{"startTime":867.4,"endTime":872.18,"body":"And if you've enabled technology within your organization before and you were successful at it,"},{"startTime":872.4,"endTime":873.18,"body":"then you should do those things."},{"startTime":873.18,"endTime":879.04,"body":"And so what I found as, you know, one of the leaders in data science throughout the federal government,"},{"startTime":879.18,"endTime":885.04,"body":"what I found to be really, really useful if you have a medium to larger organization"},{"startTime":875.18,"endTime":887.04,"body":"is start communities of practice, right?"},{"startTime":887.68,"endTime":893.38,"body":"You have about the top 20 percent of your workforce that is just driven"},{"startTime":893.68,"endTime":896.38,"body":"and they always want to build something and they want to put something together."},{"startTime":896.38,"endTime":897.54,"body":"I don't want to say top."},{"startTime":897.54,"endTime":902.96,"body":"I just want to say there's always this 20 percent in every organization that I've been a part of"},{"startTime":902.54,"endTime":905.96,"body":"that really just wants to build and wants to put stuff together."},{"startTime":905.96,"endTime":910.44,"body":"And oftentimes you just need to bring them together and you need to give them the freedom to do so."},{"startTime":910.44,"endTime":917.12,"body":"I've always been really like enamored with the idea of the 20 percent time that Google used to have or still has."},{"startTime":917.18,"endTime":922.8,"body":"I'm not sure. Because it really does enable these ideas to grow."},{"startTime":922.8,"endTime":930.84,"body":"And I would I would say that they're most effective when they don't always have to be driven by the mission."},{"startTime":930.84,"endTime":934.14,"body":"So sometimes you get leadership and they're like, oh, we should have this thing."},{"startTime":934.14,"endTime":938.68,"body":"And they like, OK, we're going to have very specific things and then you should work on these projects."},{"startTime":938.68,"endTime":943.32,"body":"And that's your 20 percent time that completely ruins the idea of having this chance"},{"startTime":943.68,"endTime":949.32,"body":"to be creative and a chance to grow because the goal of kind of enabling the technology"},{"startTime":949.68,"endTime":955.32,"body":"is to ultimately be able to use it in your in your normal day to day tasks or to build new products,"},{"startTime":955.68,"endTime":957.32,"body":"both externally and internally."},{"startTime":957.98,"endTime":961.08,"body":"But also there's a sneaky side effect of like building up your workforce"},{"startTime":961.98,"endTime":965.08,"body":"and getting them comfortable with it and having them feel empowered about it."},{"startTime":965.08,"endTime":969.26,"body":"What's different about this particular technology around generative AI"},{"startTime":969.08,"endTime":973.26,"body":"is the number of people who have access to do something cool with it."},{"startTime":973.26,"endTime":977.24,"body":"Right. And so before, if you needed to do anything with machine learning,"},{"startTime":977.26,"endTime":979.24,"body":"you had to have not only a background in programming,"},{"startTime":979.26,"endTime":982.24,"body":"but also a background in machine learning and actually building these models."},{"startTime":982.24,"endTime":984.54,"body":"So it's like a very small subset of people, right?"},{"startTime":984.54,"endTime":988.44,"body":"And these people may not have the larger context of like the rest of your business."},{"startTime":988.44,"endTime":990.38,"body":"They might be like very specialized in this thing."},{"startTime":990.38,"endTime":994.4,"body":"Now, people can experiment with some really good idea."},{"startTime":994.4,"endTime":997.56,"body":"They could go on and they could be like, hey, this is a cool thing."},{"startTime":997.56,"endTime":999.24,"body":"I threw this in the Chat GPT."},{"startTime":999.24,"endTime":1004.88,"body":"Wouldn't it be awesome if we could scale this all the way out to like the rest of my business?"},{"startTime":1004.88,"endTime":1008.64,"body":"They can't write that scaling out part, but they can do the initial testing, right?"},{"startTime":1008.64,"endTime":1010.1,"body":"They can,"},{"startTime":1010.1,"endTime":1013.74,"body":"you know, like I have been able to take in, I don't know, people from legal,"},{"startTime":1013.92,"endTime":1017.4,"body":"people from other kind of groups that don't consider themselves techies."},{"startTime":1017.4,"endTime":1022.32,"body":"I'm like, here, I need you to take 15 or 20 or 30 of these and then write down"},{"startTime":1022.4,"endTime":1025.32,"body":"your metrics for determining if this is a good thing."},{"startTime":1025.32,"endTime":1027.6,"body":"You know, think like a data scientist."},{"startTime":1027.6,"endTime":1032.78,"body":"You don't have to do this at scale, but you do need some qualitative data and you get them thinking like this."},{"startTime":1032.78,"endTime":1033.4,"body":"They get excited."},{"startTime":1033.4,"endTime":1034.2,"body":"They start contributing."},{"startTime":1034.72,"endTime":1038.92,"body":"And once these ideas are successful, one, they've learned how the technology works"},{"startTime":1038.72,"endTime":1040.92,"body":"and they won't ask the most craziest questions."},{"startTime":1040.92,"endTime":1043.36,"body":"They'll be like, oh, this is how it's supposed to be."},{"startTime":1043.36,"endTime":1046.62,"body":"Then you can get your data scientists in."},{"startTime":1046.62,"endTime":1051.28,"body":"Then you can get your IT in and say, okay, this is maybe something that we want to build as an actual pilot."},{"startTime":1051.46,"endTime":1053.2,"body":"And this is something that we want to scale up."},{"startTime":1053.2,"endTime":1060.62,"body":"But you have to have this really fertile ground for failures, for pilots,"},{"startTime":1060.2,"endTime":1065.62,"body":"for people to kind of experiment with the technology and feel comfortable when they're like,"},{"startTime":1065.2,"endTime":1067.62,"body":"oh, wow, that was a really dumb idea."},{"startTime":1067.0,"endTime":1069.18,"body":"But in the safety of being able to do that."},{"startTime":1069.18,"endTime":1073.6,"body":"And so if we're going to do this with generative AI, like within the federal government,"},{"startTime":1073.18,"endTime":1076.6,"body":"you know, what the way we've kind of enabled that"},{"startTime":1076.18,"endTime":1081.6,"body":"with that is to obviously not use anything that's private data, nothing that is unreleased."},{"startTime":1081.6,"endTime":1083.18,"body":"So everything that's public."},{"startTime":1083.18,"endTime":1086.16,"body":"And, you know, people might get frustrated."},{"startTime":1086.16,"endTime":1088.94,"body":"They might think, well, that's not the thing I'm actually working on."},{"startTime":1088.94,"endTime":1091.92,"body":"It turns out there's a lot of proxies for testing your idea."},{"startTime":1091.92,"endTime":1092.4,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":1092.42,"endTime":1097.88,"body":"And there's a lot of things on the Internet that are public that you can test your same idea with."},{"startTime":1097.88,"endTime":1101.22,"body":"And if you're going to test it with internal data, make sure that data isn't sensitive."},{"startTime":1101.22,"endTime":1106.08,"body":"There's a lot of technicalities on who owns your data, in what places."},{"startTime":1106.08,"endTime":1110.68,"body":"And that's something you should really talk to your lawyers and talk to your IT professionals about."},{"startTime":1110.68,"endTime":1115.8,"body":"But if you're just dealing with public data and just testing out how these ideas work,"},{"startTime":1115.68,"endTime":1116.8,"body":"then you can do a lot more with it."},{"startTime":1116.8,"endTime":1119.76,"body":"So have like different levels of playgrounds."},{"startTime":1120.02,"endTime":1123.7,"body":"This is so good, Travis."},{"startTime":1123.7,"endTime":1125.12,"body":"This community of practice notion."},{"startTime":1125.12,"endTime":1129.8,"body":"I'm just envisioning four or five, ten people, something like this."},{"startTime":1129.8,"endTime":1133.26,"body":"Even folks who raise their hand and say, hey, I love this stuff."},{"startTime":1133.26,"endTime":1134.42,"body":"I want to figure it out."},{"startTime":1134.42,"endTime":1141.98,"body":"And then some sort of leader giving them permission to explore."},{"startTime":1141.36,"endTime":1147.18,"body":"And you raised a good caution in terms of not getting too specific with constraints,"},{"startTime":1147.36,"endTime":1151.18,"body":"but yet offering something to kind of guide."},{"startTime":1151.18,"endTime":1153.7,"body":"Give us a sense, Travis."},{"startTime":1153.7,"endTime":1158.74,"body":"What would be your recommendation based upon some of the work that you've done?"},{"startTime":1158.22,"endTime":1164.64,"body":"How much of guidance do you give to a team to then play with this stuff?"},{"startTime":1164.64,"endTime":1169.28,"body":"And the other part of this, how many tools do they need?"},{"startTime":1169.28,"endTime":1173.64,"body":"Is it really a perplexity or a Claude and that's all you need?"},{"startTime":1173.64,"endTime":1176.46,"body":"Or is it, what's the next step?"},{"startTime":1176.46,"endTime":1182.76,"body":"Because AI in some ways democratizes this ability for so many people to"},{"startTime":1182.46,"endTime":1187.76,"body":"start playing in spaces that normally we wouldn't be playing in."},{"startTime":1187.76,"endTime":1188.94,"body":"So two things."},{"startTime":1188.94,"endTime":1192.04,"body":"How much of a constraint, you know, guidance do you give?"},{"startTime":1192.4,"endTime":1195.92,"body":"And what really are the tools that are needed?"},{"startTime":1196.92,"endTime":1205.98,"body":"So on the guidance question, one, you do want to put some guidance in place that are guardrails, right?"},{"startTime":1205.98,"endTime":1207.82,"body":"And I talked a little bit about this, about using non-public data."},{"startTime":1207.82,"endTime":1213.14,"body":"But you should sit down and make sure you talk to your employees and be like,"},{"startTime":1213.82,"endTime":1217.14,"body":"hey, you know, do your crazy ideas on them."},{"startTime":1217.14,"endTime":1220.18,"body":"But they have to be somewhat related to what we're working on, right?"},{"startTime":1220.18,"endTime":1223.54,"body":"You can't just do your own personal pet projects that are completely unrelated."},{"startTime":1223.54,"endTime":1225.12,"body":"You can't do anything that would be illegal."},{"startTime":1225.12,"endTime":1228.44,"body":"Sometimes you do need to remind people about these sort of things."},{"startTime":1228.44,"endTime":1233.32,"body":"You shouldn't do anything that would get the company in trouble for like reputational harm, right?"},{"startTime":1233.32,"endTime":1237.14,"body":"It could be legal, but how would people feel if they found out we were doing this, right?"},{"startTime":1237.14,"endTime":1241.4,"body":"Like all these and shouldn't do anything that's rights or safety impacting on your pilots, right?"},{"startTime":1241.4,"endTime":1242.6,"body":"Like have that conversation."},{"startTime":1242.6,"endTime":1246.94,"body":"And if people push back, remind them that guardrails help people go faster."},{"startTime":1247.58,"endTime":1250.64,"body":"Because you understand what the lanes are and now you can go"},{"startTime":1250.58,"endTime":1253.64,"body":"a little bit faster knowing that those guardrails are in place."},{"startTime":1253.6,"endTime":1263.56,"body":"In terms of the topics, I found asking staff to get them like, what are your problems?"},{"startTime":1263.56,"endTime":1265.02,"body":"What are the things that you're working on?"},{"startTime":1265.02,"endTime":1268.92,"body":"They have a million things that they think AI would help with."},{"startTime":1268.92,"endTime":1270.88,"body":"That's enough, right?"},{"startTime":1270.88,"endTime":1272.16,"body":"Like ask them like, how do you think AI would help?"},{"startTime":1272.16,"endTime":1274.38,"body":"Whether or not they think they can do it."},{"startTime":1274.38,"endTime":1275.74,"body":"Have them make those lists."},{"startTime":1275.74,"endTime":1277.74,"body":"Those will always be on topic."},{"startTime":1277.96,"endTime":1281.44,"body":"Maybe they won't be the things that leadership wants to see,"},{"startTime":1281.96,"endTime":1283.44,"body":"but they're the things that staff are actually having a problem with."},{"startTime":1283.44,"endTime":1289.16,"body":"This is like their day-to-day sort of business operations or their really cool pie-in-the-sky idea."},{"startTime":1289.16,"endTime":1292.82,"body":"Like wouldn't it be cool if we had this data set to link to with this data set?"},{"startTime":1292.82,"endTime":1297.94,"body":"Like what if we pulled the data from the federal government and we linked it to our internal data?"},{"startTime":1297.94,"endTime":1298.98,"body":"That would be a cool thing."},{"startTime":1298.98,"endTime":1300.76,"body":"Can we do that?"},{"startTime":1300.22,"endTime":1303.14,"body":"Both of those ideas will come from staff and all you have to do"},{"startTime":1303.22,"endTime":1306.14,"body":"is just ask them and then give them the place to do so."},{"startTime":1306.14,"endTime":1310.46,"body":"And you had another question, but I didn't get that one."},{"startTime":1310.8,"endTime":1313.74,"body":"Yeah. So it's kind of the constraints or how to frame it."},{"startTime":1313.74,"endTime":1324.84,"body":"And the other is, what additional equipment, what's needed beyond simply a generative AI model itself?"},{"startTime":1324.84,"endTime":1329.1,"body":"Or is that sufficient to then be able to move to the next level, the next step?"},{"startTime":1329.1,"endTime":1334.42,"body":"So obviously if you're going to, so we're talking about these"},{"startTime":1334.1,"endTime":1336.42,"body":"early stage pilots where people are just experimenting."},{"startTime":1336.42,"endTime":1337.62,"body":"That's really good."},{"startTime":1337.62,"endTime":1343.24,"body":"And sometimes this is really all people need with generative AI is like having access to, you know,"},{"startTime":1343.62,"endTime":1349.24,"body":"Claude or any of the like Mistral or any of these other models, ChatGPT if you want to put them."},{"startTime":1349.24,"endTime":1352.12,"body":"That's enough for what they want to do."},{"startTime":1352.12,"endTime":1353.08,"body":"They just want a chatbot."},{"startTime":1353.08,"endTime":1356.44,"body":"However, some things need to scale, right?"},{"startTime":1356.44,"endTime":1362.64,"body":"Like some things like, hey, I want to apply this on every query that comes in or I want to actually build a RAG,"},{"startTime":1362.44,"endTime":1366.64,"body":"which are these retrieval augmented generation sort of database systems."},{"startTime":1366.64,"endTime":1368.36,"body":"And like, I think this made sense."},{"startTime":1368.36,"endTime":1370.32,"body":"I read an article about RAGs and I want to do it."},{"startTime":1370.32,"endTime":1372.28,"body":"You need IT staff for that."},{"startTime":1372.28,"endTime":1373.88,"body":"And you need IT staff."},{"startTime":1373.88,"endTime":1374.74,"body":"You need data scientists."},{"startTime":1374.74,"endTime":1376.46,"body":"You need people to scale up this."},{"startTime":1376.46,"endTime":1378.4,"body":"But that gets back to product development."},{"startTime":1378.4,"endTime":1381.36,"body":"And so if you're thinking you need to build this product,"},{"startTime":1381.4,"endTime":1384.36,"body":"you should have an organization that knows how to build products, right?"},{"startTime":1384.36,"endTime":1388.2,"body":"And so, again, this is not a new thing."},{"startTime":1388.2,"endTime":1391.24,"body":"When a business is like, oh, we need something with big data, right?"},{"startTime":1391.24,"endTime":1392.92,"body":"This is a thing that we heard a while ago."},{"startTime":1392.92,"endTime":1394.54,"body":"I'm like, what do you mean we need to do big data?"},{"startTime":1394.54,"endTime":1398.02,"body":"Or we need to do something on the blockchain, right?"},{"startTime":1398.02,"endTime":1399.34,"body":"Like as you hear these buzzwords."},{"startTime":1399.34,"endTime":1405.24,"body":"What I really like about smaller pilots and what I really like about this technology is"},{"startTime":1405.34,"endTime":1408.24,"body":"you can immediately see how much it would impact the individual."},{"startTime":1408.24,"endTime":1410.34,"body":"They could work with this data."},{"startTime":1410.46,"endTime":1412.08,"body":"They could be like, oh, this is super useful."},{"startTime":1412.08,"endTime":1416.34,"body":"And so then as business, you can be like, oh, this is worth investing, you know,"},{"startTime":1416.08,"endTime":1419.34,"body":"a couple weeks of RIT time to send something up."},{"startTime":1419.34,"endTime":1423.46,"body":"Or this is worth investing or buying from another company because it's worth it, right?"},{"startTime":1423.46,"endTime":1427.58,"body":"Because there's always costs that are beyond just like the API calls."},{"startTime":1427.58,"endTime":1430.74,"body":"There's costs of like integrating with another business."},{"startTime":1430.26,"endTime":1436.12,"body":"And so I guess my answer to you for that is like you do need the support."},{"startTime":1436.12,"endTime":1438.0,"body":"Like then it becomes a product, right?"},{"startTime":1438.0,"endTime":1441.42,"body":"And we should know how to build products if we're running businesses."},{"startTime":1441.42,"endTime":1443.08,"body":"Makes sense."},{"startTime":1443.76,"endTime":1451.96,"body":"And part of this, as I talked to lots of business leaders about AI, there is this urgency,"},{"startTime":1451.76,"endTime":1454.96,"body":"as I mentioned earlier, to do something with it."},{"startTime":1454.64,"endTime":1460.14,"body":"However, it's coupled with the I don't know what we should do with it."},{"startTime":1460.14,"endTime":1463.38,"body":"Because in some ways, there are so many options."},{"startTime":1463.38,"endTime":1468.52,"body":"It's like going to the grocery store and seeing a hundred variations of cereal."},{"startTime":1468.52,"endTime":1470.0,"body":"It's almost too much."},{"startTime":1470.0,"endTime":1474.58,"body":"I just kind of need the 15 or the 10 or the 5 and that's the one."},{"startTime":1474.58,"endTime":1475.3,"body":"Oh, thank you."},{"startTime":1475.3,"endTime":1476.42,"body":"That helps me."},{"startTime":1476.42,"endTime":1479.68,"body":"However, that is also limiting."},{"startTime":1479.14,"endTime":1484.62,"body":"So as we're dealing with something that has so many possibilities,"},{"startTime":1484.14,"endTime":1489.62,"body":"what are some ways that you've seen, even within the federal government,"},{"startTime":1489.14,"endTime":1497.62,"body":"how do we as humans begin to narrow down so it balances the overwhelmingness"},{"startTime":1497.14,"endTime":1501.62,"body":"with still getting something done and moving forward?"},{"startTime":1502.62,"endTime":1504.16,"body":"I mean, that's a hard question."},{"startTime":1504.52,"endTime":1510.78,"body":"Again, talking to your staff and having regular places for them to come up with these ideas."},{"startTime":1510.78,"endTime":1513.1,"body":"Like, I love a good hackathon."},{"startTime":1513.1,"endTime":1515.32,"body":"I know we don't call them that in the federal government."},{"startTime":1515.32,"endTime":1517.42,"body":"We call them codeathons or something else like that."},{"startTime":1517.42,"endTime":1523.52,"body":"But I love those sort of things when you can actually integrate people who are not data scientists into them."},{"startTime":1523.38,"endTime":1528.6,"body":"They're really, really good to get people together, some teams together and say, oh, I want to build this."},{"startTime":1528.6,"endTime":1532.54,"body":"And you have one data scientist in there and they like throw something together as a proof of concept."},{"startTime":1532.54,"endTime":1538.7,"body":"That is a really good way to kind of get some of the ideas that might be successful for this."},{"startTime":1538.7,"endTime":1543.92,"body":"The other is like look to see what other people are doing successfully, right?"},{"startTime":1543.02,"endTime":1547.34,"body":"You know, like if you hear from other businesses, they're like, oh, I use this program because it was useful."},{"startTime":1547.34,"endTime":1552.08,"body":"A lot of the times people aren't using, you know, in businesses at scale."},{"startTime":1552.08,"endTime":1556.32,"body":"They're not using, you know, Anthropics model or OpenAI's model directly."},{"startTime":1556.32,"endTime":1561.86,"body":"Some other vendor has written something on top of it and that product is really useful to them."},{"startTime":1561.86,"endTime":1564.46,"body":"And so like looking at what some of these products are,"},{"startTime":1564.86,"endTime":1567.46,"body":"there are too many because everybody has an AI business right now."},{"startTime":1567.46,"endTime":1572.22,"body":"But look to see what other people are using and finding effective is a good way to do it."},{"startTime":1572.22,"endTime":1578.28,"body":"I will caveat all of this that the window for technology change"},{"startTime":1578.22,"endTime":1581.28,"body":"is very rapid right now and it's not slowing down."},{"startTime":1581.28,"endTime":1586.94,"body":"So within the next two years, I think this pace of growth is going to continue."},{"startTime":1586.94,"endTime":1589.36,"body":"Beyond that, I don't even want to extrapolate and figure out like how fast we're going."},{"startTime":1589.52,"endTime":1594.36,"body":"But the acceleration has not changed."},{"startTime":1594.36,"endTime":1600.58,"body":"So we, the pace of innovation is still going and it's still accelerating and it's still really fast."},{"startTime":1600.58,"endTime":1604.06,"body":"I don't think we need to worry about this AGI thing."},{"startTime":1604.06,"endTime":1605.28,"body":"That's not where I'm coming from."},{"startTime":1605.28,"endTime":1610.92,"body":"But I'm just saying in terms of what this technology is enabling,"},{"startTime":1610.28,"endTime":1616.92,"body":"basically the capabilities of these models are going to be surprising us for the next couple of years at least."},{"startTime":1616.92,"endTime":1618.28,"body":"And AGI, tell us about this."},{"startTime":1618.62,"endTime":1626.26,"body":"That is, it's artificial, it's general artificial intelligence."},{"startTime":1626.26,"endTime":1634.7,"body":"And so this is the idea that a model would be smart enough to then think about itself, one,"},{"startTime":1634.26,"endTime":1638.7,"body":"you know, have a sense of identity, a sense of humanity to it."},{"startTime":1638.7,"endTime":1644.46,"body":"And then if you use that model to maybe think of how itself could be smarter,"},{"startTime":1644.7,"endTime":1647.46,"body":"that model would move around and then create a smarter bot"},{"startTime":1647.7,"endTime":1650.46,"body":"and that bot could create a smarter bot faster than it could create the first one."},{"startTime":1650.7,"endTime":1654.06,"body":"And then ultimately we have this cascading thing to this,"},{"startTime":1654.7,"endTime":1658.06,"body":"what I think is a science fiction story about the singularity."},{"startTime":1659.16,"endTime":1662.94,"body":"I think those things are really good to think about and talk about."},{"startTime":1662.94,"endTime":1667.92,"body":"I do think some of those conversations suck all the air out of the room"},{"startTime":1667.94,"endTime":1671.92,"body":"with genuine real problems that we have about rights or safety impacting AI."},{"startTime":1671.18,"endTime":1673.34,"body":"So like, yes, we can talk about the singularity."},{"startTime":1673.34,"endTime":1674.28,"body":"It's fine."},{"startTime":1674.28,"endTime":1678.36,"body":"But we should also talk about the real world harms that are still going on with AI right now."},{"startTime":1678.36,"endTime":1679.08,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1679.08,"endTime":1686.32,"body":"And share with us some examples, perhaps, of all of the cool things that"},{"startTime":1686.08,"endTime":1691.32,"body":"generative AI in particular might be able to create and do."},{"startTime":1691.32,"endTime":1696.82,"body":"What sorts of things have you seen, even AI more broadly,"},{"startTime":1696.32,"endTime":1699.82,"body":"even within the federal government with your experience,"},{"startTime":1699.82,"endTime":1705.7,"body":"what cool things have been able to be accomplished that maybe couldn't have been done before,"},{"startTime":1705.7,"endTime":1710.12,"body":"or that you're anticipating soon that we can do differently?"},{"startTime":1710.12,"endTime":1715.06,"body":"So we talked about chatbots and generative AI, which in and of itself is massively transformative."},{"startTime":1715.06,"endTime":1723.82,"body":"But putting that aside, we've seen massive, massive improvements on all image technology."},{"startTime":1723.82,"endTime":1727.92,"body":"And so before, if you wanted to train something that let's say"},{"startTime":1727.82,"endTime":1730.92,"body":"you were trying to detect if birds were in a picture"},{"startTime":1730.92,"endTime":1734.96,"body":"and you wanted to detect the bird and determine what kind of bird it is."},{"startTime":1734.96,"endTime":1739.68,"body":"And so what you would do is you would pay somebody thousands upon thousands of dollars"},{"startTime":1739.96,"endTime":1743.68,"body":"over many months to draw little boxes around all these pictures that had birds of them or not."},{"startTime":1743.68,"endTime":1746.72,"body":"And then maybe somebody to like label the pixels, which ones are birds."},{"startTime":1746.72,"endTime":1748.4,"body":"So you could build a training set."},{"startTime":1748.4,"endTime":1750.52,"body":"So you could train a model on detecting birds."},{"startTime":1750.78,"endTime":1756.3,"body":"Nowadays, we've seen some amazing advancements in image segmentation where you can be like,"},{"startTime":1756.78,"endTime":1757.3,"body":"oh, here's three birds."},{"startTime":1757.3,"endTime":1762.86,"body":"Figure out where the rest of them are in all million other pictures,"},{"startTime":1762.3,"endTime":1769.86,"body":"just because it has the concept of what images are and how it relates to the physical world."},{"startTime":1769.86,"endTime":1775.28,"body":"And so it can do that per pixel segmentation by just a few examples."},{"startTime":1775.28,"endTime":1779.7,"body":"This few shot learning and image segmentation is crazy."},{"startTime":1779.7,"endTime":1783.48,"body":"And so if you apply that to something like, I don't know, satellite technology,"},{"startTime":1783.7,"endTime":1785.48,"body":"where you have all these geospatial images, right?"},{"startTime":1785.48,"endTime":1789.36,"body":"There's a lot of companies that want to use geospatial images and they want to look for something in particular."},{"startTime":1790.36,"endTime":1796.98,"body":"We can talk about a CDC project that, you know, was built maybe like five years ago"},{"startTime":1796.36,"endTime":1802.98,"body":"and it was looking for cooling towers in satellite imagery."},{"startTime":1802.98,"endTime":1807.2,"body":"It was taking Google Earth images and looking for cooling towers because cooling towers lead to,"},{"startTime":1807.98,"endTime":1813.2,"body":"well, they're sometimes correlated with Legionnaire's disease because it's where it often comes from."},{"startTime":1813.2,"endTime":1818.4,"body":"And so this epidemiologist thought it wouldn't be cool if we could see if they correlate with each other."},{"startTime":1818.4,"endTime":1822.78,"body":"Then we have an idea where hotspots might come from because we kind of knew this from the literature."},{"startTime":1822.78,"endTime":1824.38,"body":"But could you pull these together?"},{"startTime":1824.38,"endTime":1830.54,"body":"And so this brilliant data scientist, she painstakingly labeled thousands and thousands of little"},{"startTime":1830.38,"endTime":1833.54,"body":"cooling towers on things so that she could find more of them."},{"startTime":1833.54,"endTime":1838.62,"body":"Nowadays, we kind of revisited it and you could do 95% of her work."},{"startTime":1838.9,"endTime":1845.5,"body":"Not 100, 95% of her work with these kind of image segmentation models with, you know, a tenth of the time."},{"startTime":1845.5,"endTime":1848.6,"body":"And so thinking about that, that's not something that's not a ChatGPT thing."},{"startTime":1848.6,"endTime":1853.28,"body":"That is a I am using AI deeply in transformative ways for something"},{"startTime":1853.6,"endTime":1855.28,"body":"that would have taken a long time and something that's new."},{"startTime":1855.28,"endTime":1861.26,"body":"The other thing along those lines are named entity extraction."},{"startTime":1861.6,"endTime":1866.96,"body":"So, so many of the times in businesses you have some sort of text and you want to be like,"},{"startTime":1866.6,"endTime":1871.96,"body":"this is the subject, this is the company, this is how much we paid them or whatever."},{"startTime":1871.96,"endTime":1875.06,"body":"This is the congressperson who said this about this company and be able"},{"startTime":1875.96,"endTime":1878.06,"body":"to extract those kind of meaningful ideas."},{"startTime":1878.5,"endTime":1880.72,"body":"We're really good at that with AI right now."},{"startTime":1880.72,"endTime":1882.56,"body":"That used to require specialized models."},{"startTime":1882.56,"endTime":1883.74,"body":"It used to be a huge pain."},{"startTime":1883.74,"endTime":1890.12,"body":"And if you want great accuracy, yes, you can pay, you know, the thousands of dollars for that."},{"startTime":1890.12,"endTime":1896.24,"body":"If you want to just use off the shelf kind of foundation models, you get like 95% of the way there."},{"startTime":1896.4,"endTime":1902.76,"body":"And so like, I think some of that's really big and transformative for like how what's happened"},{"startTime":1902.4,"endTime":1908.76,"body":"is that a lot of tasks that were possible before with a lot of work are now possible with like very, very little work."},{"startTime":1908.76,"endTime":1912.08,"body":"It's kind of raised the bottom up and that's changing things a lot."},{"startTime":1912.08,"endTime":1916.66,"body":"The last thing I want to mention, which I don't think we have time to go into,"},{"startTime":1916.08,"endTime":1918.66,"body":"is the massive improvement in robotics."},{"startTime":1919.5,"endTime":1925.04,"body":"And so I'm not sure if this is a thing that listeners of your podcast will get into"},{"startTime":1925.5,"endTime":1930.04,"body":"but, you know, for all the reasons why training has gotten better for all these other things,"},{"startTime":1930.5,"endTime":1933.04,"body":"we're applying it to robotics, which if you're a robot,"},{"startTime":1933.5,"endTime":1936.04,"body":"you actually have to interact in a physical world with real physics, right?"},{"startTime":1936.38,"endTime":1940.64,"body":"And so whether you're a robot that's sorting things in a factory or whether you're a"},{"startTime":1940.38,"endTime":1945.64,"body":"high speed CNC machine or you're a drone swarm that is trying to coordinate"},{"startTime":1945.38,"endTime":1949.64,"body":"a certain type of action or you're a drone that is tracking somebody on a motorbike, right?"},{"startTime":1949.86,"endTime":1953.02,"body":"Like all of these things are using enabled AI and they're just going to get better and better."},{"startTime":1954.02,"endTime":1957.04,"body":"Travis, this is a tremendous list."},{"startTime":1957.04,"endTime":1959.92,"body":"And so here's my last question to you."},{"startTime":1959.92,"endTime":1965.36,"body":"Of all of the things we've talked about, all the things you've been experiencing and observed,"},{"startTime":1965.92,"endTime":1970.36,"body":"what's the one thing that a business leader needs to be paying attention to,"},{"startTime":1970.92,"endTime":1975.36,"body":"to then take advantage of AI for his or her business?"},{"startTime":1976.36,"endTime":1979.72,"body":"That's a good question. Lots of good questions."},{"startTime":1979.98,"endTime":1986.9,"body":"I think if there's one takeaway that business leaders can have right now is that you,"},{"startTime":1986.98,"endTime":1992.9,"body":"if you want to act like a policy entrepreneur, you have an opportunity to seize the moment right now."},{"startTime":1992.9,"endTime":1999.56,"body":"You have an opportunity to kind of enable your organization to think for themselves in this sort of technology."},{"startTime":1999.56,"endTime":2004.92,"body":"And that has to be done from a bottom-up approach, not from a top-down."},{"startTime":2004.92,"endTime":2008.9,"body":"And so I've seen this in like three or four organizations,"},{"startTime":2008.92,"endTime":2014.9,"body":"federal government within some states and city governments that are organizing within their own divisions."},{"startTime":2014.54,"endTime":2019.84,"body":"When that's enabled, you see this growth that happens"},{"startTime":2019.54,"endTime":2022.84,"body":"that then people can build products and other cool things on top of."},{"startTime":2022.84,"endTime":2024.56,"body":"So you have a moment right now to seize upon."},{"startTime":2024.56,"endTime":2026.32,"body":"You just have to enable your people."},{"startTime":2027.54,"endTime":2028.22,"body":"Oh, I love it."},{"startTime":2028.22,"endTime":2031.96,"body":"Travis Hoppe, this has been an absolute pleasure."},{"startTime":2031.96,"endTime":2034.78,"body":"Thank you so much for joining on the Leadership Growth Podcast."},{"startTime":2034.78,"endTime":2035.48,"body":"It was a pleasure."},{"startTime":2035.48,"endTime":2036.06,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":2036.94,"endTime":2039.72,"body":"To all of our listeners, thank you for listening."},{"startTime":2039.72,"endTime":2044.0,"body":"Please subscribe and like, comment if you'd like as well."},{"startTime":2044.0,"endTime":2048.92,"body":"And we look forward to having you at a future Leadership Growth Podcast."},{"startTime":2048.92,"endTime":2050.3,"body":"All the best, everyone. Bye."},{"startTime":2050.64,"endTime":2053.64,"body":"If you liked this episode, please share it with a friend or colleague."},{"startTime":2053.64,"endTime":2058.7,"body":"Or better yet, leave a review to help other listeners find our show."},{"startTime":2058.7,"endTime":2061.1,"body":"And remember to subscribe so you never miss an episode."},{"startTime":2061.72,"endTime":2065.32,"body":"For more great content or to learn more about how Stewart Leadership"},{"startTime":2065.72,"endTime":2070.32,"body":"can help you grow your ability to lead effectively, please visit stewartleadership.com."}]}