{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":15.81,"endTime":23.9,"body":"Be Black, Be Bold, Be Innovative,"},{"startTime":15.81,"endTime":23.9,"body":"Show the World Equitable Geo."},{"startTime":24.93,"endTime":28.549,"body":"We're coming together as a collective"},{"startTime":24.93,"endTime":28.549,"body":"to celebrate people of African"},{"startTime":28.549,"endTime":32.789,"body":"descent, the diaspora, and talking"},{"startTime":28.549,"endTime":32.789,"body":"about geospatial equity and justice."},{"startTime":32.849,"endTime":36.43,"body":"You're listening to The North"},{"startTime":32.849,"endTime":36.43,"body":"Star Gaze, a podcast with intimate"},{"startTime":36.44,"endTime":38.14,"body":"stories from geoluminaries."},{"startTime":49.735,"endTime":50.465,"body":"Hi everyone."},{"startTime":50.535000000000004,"endTime":53.115,"body":"My name is Yariwo, host for this episode."},{"startTime":53.985,"endTime":58.145,"body":"So when we think about tech, data"},{"startTime":53.985,"endTime":58.145,"body":"science, machine learning, and GIS,"},{"startTime":58.335,"endTime":62.025,"body":"we really think about it in context"},{"startTime":58.335,"endTime":62.025,"body":"of history and humanities, and I think"},{"startTime":62.025,"endTime":65.155,"body":"that's what really struck me about this"},{"startTime":62.025,"endTime":65.155,"body":"particular conversation and this guest."},{"startTime":65.185,"endTime":68.575,"body":"We constantly keep saying GIS is"},{"startTime":65.185,"endTime":68.575,"body":"limited by our imagination, but I think."},{"startTime":68.925,"endTime":72.715,"body":"Our guest embodies just that, because"},{"startTime":68.925,"endTime":72.715,"body":"after I looked at the research that he's"},{"startTime":72.715,"endTime":77.535,"body":"done using machine learning and AI, I"},{"startTime":72.715,"endTime":77.535,"body":"was blown away by how novel his cause"},{"startTime":77.565,"endTime":81.795,"body":"is and the stories he's reconstructing"},{"startTime":77.565,"endTime":81.795,"body":"using machine learning and data science."},{"startTime":82.025,"endTime":83.935,"body":"And so that's what I'm"},{"startTime":82.025,"endTime":83.935,"body":"really fascinated about."},{"startTime":83.97500000000001,"endTime":85.47500000000001,"body":"He's presented at the homecoming."},{"startTime":85.515,"endTime":89.415,"body":"And so we're going to get a deep"},{"startTime":85.515,"endTime":89.415,"body":"dive into his research, his work."},{"startTime":89.44500000000001,"endTime":94.045,"body":"And so ladies and gentlemen, allow"},{"startTime":89.44500000000001,"endTime":94.045,"body":"me to welcome Dr. Abraham Liddell."},{"startTime":94.245,"endTime":95.145,"body":"Hi, Abraham."},{"startTime":95.355,"endTime":96.435,"body":"Hello, it's a pleasure to be here."},{"startTime":96.665,"endTime":100.405,"body":"Thank you so much for saying yes"},{"startTime":96.665,"endTime":100.405,"body":"to coming to the pod and for your"},{"startTime":100.405,"endTime":104.755,"body":"insightful presentation at the"},{"startTime":100.405,"endTime":104.755,"body":"homecoming, you're a historian and"},{"startTime":104.755,"endTime":108.525,"body":"you're also a data scientist, which is"},{"startTime":104.755,"endTime":108.525,"body":"a powerful combination because of the"},{"startTime":108.525,"endTime":110.22500000000001,"body":"use case I've seen in your research."},{"startTime":110.565,"endTime":114.165,"body":"Before we get into that, do you mind"},{"startTime":110.565,"endTime":114.165,"body":"talking briefly about how you got into"},{"startTime":114.165,"endTime":118.135,"body":"GIS, your background of history and"},{"startTime":114.165,"endTime":118.135,"body":"where did that connection come from?"},{"startTime":118.145,"endTime":118.355,"body":"My"},{"startTime":118.505,"endTime":119.645,"body":"background is in history."},{"startTime":119.655,"endTime":123.805,"body":"I got my PhD. Um, from Vanderbilt"},{"startTime":119.655,"endTime":123.805,"body":"in Latin American history with a"},{"startTime":123.805,"endTime":127.775,"body":"focus on the Spanish Caribbean and"},{"startTime":123.805,"endTime":127.775,"body":"West Africa specifically, more so a"},{"startTime":127.775,"endTime":129.635,"body":"broader focus on Atlantic history."},{"startTime":129.845,"endTime":135.305,"body":"I was motivated to study the movement"},{"startTime":129.845,"endTime":135.305,"body":"of free and enslaved Africans"},{"startTime":135.305,"endTime":138.285,"body":"and Afro descended populations"},{"startTime":135.305,"endTime":138.285,"body":"and their social networks."},{"startTime":138.475,"endTime":140.725,"body":"A big component of my research"},{"startTime":138.475,"endTime":140.725,"body":"was centered around being"},{"startTime":140.815,"endTime":141.825,"body":"able to track individuals."},{"startTime":142.19,"endTime":147.05999999999997,"body":"As that evolved, I became involved in"},{"startTime":142.19,"endTime":147.05999999999997,"body":"the humanities and data science projects"},{"startTime":147.08999999999997,"endTime":152.30999999999997,"body":"while I was still a graduate student,"},{"startTime":147.08999999999997,"endTime":152.30999999999997,"body":"and I began to see a number of ways that"},{"startTime":152.30999999999997,"endTime":156.89999999999998,"body":"I could employ computational methods"},{"startTime":152.30999999999997,"endTime":156.89999999999998,"body":"to get better insights into how people"},{"startTime":156.95,"endTime":160.73999999999998,"body":"live their lives and to track things"},{"startTime":156.95,"endTime":160.73999999999998,"body":"like social relationships as those."},{"startTime":161.05499999999998,"endTime":166.39499999999998,"body":"That's formed over time, kind of"},{"startTime":161.05499999999998,"endTime":166.39499999999998,"body":"manifested into a postdoc in data science"},{"startTime":166.86499999999998,"endTime":171.36499999999998,"body":"at Columbia University, which then turned"},{"startTime":166.86499999999998,"endTime":171.36499999999998,"body":"into a research position here at City"},{"startTime":171.36499999999998,"endTime":176.595,"body":"College, where I work as a associate"},{"startTime":171.36499999999998,"endTime":176.595,"body":"research data scientist, helping to"},{"startTime":176.665,"endTime":180.67499999999998,"body":"essentially apply the tools and methods"},{"startTime":176.665,"endTime":180.67499999999998,"body":"that I had been Developing as a graduate"},{"startTime":180.67499999999998,"endTime":186.89499999999998,"body":"student and postdoc to studying the early"},{"startTime":180.67499999999998,"endTime":186.89499999999998,"body":"population of 16th century Las Manolas."},{"startTime":186.89499999999998,"endTime":193.655,"body":"It really began primarily as an interest"},{"startTime":186.89499999999998,"endTime":193.655,"body":"in how can I find individuals records,"},{"startTime":193.68499999999997,"endTime":196.135,"body":"particularly free or enslaved Africans."},{"startTime":196.17499999999998,"endTime":199.74499999999998,"body":"And not only how can I find them, but"},{"startTime":196.17499999999998,"endTime":199.74499999999998,"body":"then it evolved into a more complex"},{"startTime":199.74499999999998,"endTime":204.77499999999998,"body":"question of how can I track them and"},{"startTime":199.74499999999998,"endTime":204.77499999999998,"body":"make some sense of their world and the"},{"startTime":204.77499999999998,"endTime":206.815,"body":"kind of relationships that they formed."},{"startTime":207.005,"endTime":210.61499999999998,"body":"In addition to that, how can I."},{"startTime":207.005,"endTime":210.61499999999998,"body":"construct ways to try and understand"},{"startTime":210.70499999999998,"endTime":213.795,"body":"how those relationships started"},{"startTime":210.70499999999998,"endTime":213.795,"body":"to inform their lived realities."},{"startTime":214.035,"endTime":218.18499999999997,"body":"So it started off with the simple"},{"startTime":214.035,"endTime":218.18499999999997,"body":"premise of being able to find individuals"},{"startTime":218.23499999999999,"endTime":222.885,"body":"and then being able to track them and"},{"startTime":218.23499999999999,"endTime":222.885,"body":"then trying to figure out ways to more"},{"startTime":222.89499999999998,"endTime":228.255,"body":"accurately reconstruct the world that"},{"startTime":222.89499999999998,"endTime":228.255,"body":"they lived in via the spatial and social"},{"startTime":228.30499999999998,"endTime":230.695,"body":"connections that framed their universe."},{"startTime":230.875,"endTime":231.14499999999998,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":231.14499999999998,"endTime":232.14499999999998,"body":"That's really powerful."},{"startTime":232.20499999999998,"endTime":237.52499999999998,"body":"And what really stands out with this use"},{"startTime":232.20499999999998,"endTime":237.52499999999998,"body":"case is, is that how novel it is, right?"},{"startTime":237.595,"endTime":239.93499999999997,"body":"There's no limitation to"},{"startTime":237.595,"endTime":239.93499999999997,"body":"what you can't do with GIS."},{"startTime":240.355,"endTime":243.77499999999998,"body":"And from an insightful point of"},{"startTime":240.355,"endTime":243.77499999999998,"body":"view, when it comes to tracking and"},{"startTime":243.77499999999998,"endTime":247.43499999999997,"body":"understanding their lives and how they're"},{"startTime":243.77499999999998,"endTime":247.43499999999997,"body":"connected, what are some of the insights"},{"startTime":247.48499999999999,"endTime":249.155,"body":"you've discovered with these stories?"},{"startTime":249.315,"endTime":253.695,"body":"Yeah, so one fundamental part was"},{"startTime":249.315,"endTime":253.695,"body":"thinking through the significance"},{"startTime":253.74499999999998,"endTime":258.025,"body":"of social connections, and how vast"},{"startTime":253.74499999999998,"endTime":258.025,"body":"their networks were, even though an"},{"startTime":258.055,"endTime":262.305,"body":"enslaved person might be separated"},{"startTime":258.055,"endTime":262.305,"body":"from their family by a large distance."},{"startTime":262.395,"endTime":267.275,"body":"If you had a connection with someone"},{"startTime":262.395,"endTime":267.275,"body":"who was part of a very mobile category,"},{"startTime":267.305,"endTime":270.975,"body":"like a Sanger, that opened the door for"},{"startTime":267.305,"endTime":270.975,"body":"a large reservoir of social resources,"},{"startTime":271.02500000000003,"endTime":275.625,"body":"because that individual could connect into"},{"startTime":271.02500000000003,"endTime":275.625,"body":"a larger diaspora of people across that"},{"startTime":275.625,"endTime":277.495,"body":"are connected to all these other hubs."},{"startTime":277.675,"endTime":280.865,"body":"In this Atlantic economy, you"},{"startTime":277.675,"endTime":280.865,"body":"have a geospatial component."},{"startTime":280.975,"endTime":284.935,"body":"An individual might be seemingly isolated"},{"startTime":280.975,"endTime":284.935,"body":"in one location but if they have a large"},{"startTime":284.935,"endTime":289.915,"body":"enough social web, that links them to a"},{"startTime":284.935,"endTime":289.915,"body":"number of other geographical places that"},{"startTime":289.915,"endTime":295.125,"body":"can allow information, as well as other"},{"startTime":289.915,"endTime":295.125,"body":"additional resources like perhaps Or in"},{"startTime":295.125,"endTime":299.77500000000003,"body":"one case, someone's literal ability to get"},{"startTime":295.125,"endTime":299.77500000000003,"body":"free after being illegally re enslaved."},{"startTime":299.855,"endTime":303.755,"body":"By blending this concept of thinking"},{"startTime":299.855,"endTime":303.755,"body":"through geospatial analysis, but also"},{"startTime":303.755,"endTime":307.615,"body":"thinking from a social perspective, I"},{"startTime":303.755,"endTime":307.615,"body":"was able to make sense of how someone's"},{"startTime":307.64500000000004,"endTime":311.165,"body":"world could be upended, but then"},{"startTime":307.64500000000004,"endTime":311.165,"body":"simultaneously they could find their"},{"startTime":311.165,"endTime":314.845,"body":"own freedom by relying on these very"},{"startTime":311.165,"endTime":314.845,"body":"extensive social networks that link"},{"startTime":314.855,"endTime":316.925,"body":"them to all of these other places."},{"startTime":317.105,"endTime":317.52500000000003,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":317.625,"endTime":322.095,"body":"One of the things you mentioned during"},{"startTime":317.625,"endTime":322.095,"body":"your homecoming presentation was for this"},{"startTime":322.095,"endTime":326.2,"body":"kind of research, How important it is for"},{"startTime":322.095,"endTime":326.2,"body":"it to get out of the world of scholars"},{"startTime":326.25,"endTime":328.05,"body":"and researchers and just get it out there."},{"startTime":328.09000000000003,"endTime":331.03000000000003,"body":"And so as you're speaking, I'm"},{"startTime":328.09000000000003,"endTime":331.03000000000003,"body":"wondering when it comes to the"},{"startTime":331.06,"endTime":334.14000000000004,"body":"impact, what does that look like"},{"startTime":331.06,"endTime":334.14000000000004,"body":"moving it outside of academia?"},{"startTime":334.36,"endTime":337.1,"body":"And how would you want to see"},{"startTime":334.36,"endTime":337.1,"body":"that evolve outside of that world?"},{"startTime":337.43,"endTime":342.93,"body":"Yeah, in my current role, a big part"},{"startTime":337.43,"endTime":342.93,"body":"of what we have planned is to rely on"},{"startTime":343.03000000000003,"endTime":345.48,"body":"the research institute, which is more"},{"startTime":343.03000000000003,"endTime":345.48,"body":"part of the Dominican Studies Institute."},{"startTime":345.745,"endTime":346.96500000000003,"body":"You're at City College."},{"startTime":347.045,"endTime":349.095,"body":"They are very much community focus."},{"startTime":349.195,"endTime":352.695,"body":"There is a large Dominican population"},{"startTime":349.195,"endTime":352.695,"body":"here in Harlem and in Washington Heights."},{"startTime":352.735,"endTime":357.055,"body":"One of the components that we're very"},{"startTime":352.735,"endTime":357.055,"body":"excited about is taking digitized records"},{"startTime":357.075,"endTime":360.89500000000004,"body":"of historical documents, transcribing"},{"startTime":357.075,"endTime":360.89500000000004,"body":"those and extracting individuals"},{"startTime":360.89500000000004,"endTime":362.65500000000003,"body":"from these records in 16th century."},{"startTime":362.755,"endTime":365.505,"body":"There's a significant"},{"startTime":362.755,"endTime":365.505,"body":"amount of data that is."},{"startTime":365.72,"endTime":370.25,"body":"Vital to understanding the early Korean"},{"startTime":365.72,"endTime":370.25,"body":"from an economic standpoint as well as a"},{"startTime":370.25,"endTime":374.32,"body":"social and cultural one that project of"},{"startTime":370.25,"endTime":374.32,"body":"that sort make it easier for the public to"},{"startTime":374.32,"endTime":378.05,"body":"interact with that information stored in"},{"startTime":374.32,"endTime":378.05,"body":"these records was in order to read them."},{"startTime":378.05,"endTime":381.74,"body":"For example, you have to have a"},{"startTime":378.05,"endTime":381.74,"body":"particular set of skills both in."},{"startTime":382.175,"endTime":385.115,"body":"Spanish, Portuguese language, but also"},{"startTime":382.175,"endTime":385.115,"body":"the capacity to read the handwriting,"},{"startTime":385.15500000000003,"endTime":389.26500000000004,"body":"which can be a barrier to scholars"},{"startTime":385.15500000000003,"endTime":389.26500000000004,"body":"who may not be trained in 16th century"},{"startTime":389.27500000000003,"endTime":393.495,"body":"hands, for example, or if you're a"},{"startTime":389.27500000000003,"endTime":393.495,"body":"layperson who is just very interested"},{"startTime":393.495,"endTime":397.845,"body":"in studying your own historical"},{"startTime":393.495,"endTime":397.845,"body":"past or the past of the Caribbean"},{"startTime":397.865,"endTime":399.71500000000003,"body":"or Bronx, it's a limiting factor."},{"startTime":399.95500000000004,"endTime":404.355,"body":"But transforming that information into"},{"startTime":399.95500000000004,"endTime":404.355,"body":"things like where all the individuals"},{"startTime":404.355,"endTime":407.845,"body":"have been distracted and various kinds"},{"startTime":404.355,"endTime":407.845,"body":"of information become available to"},{"startTime":407.845,"endTime":412.195,"body":"the public, it makes it easier for"},{"startTime":407.845,"endTime":412.195,"body":"interested people to ask questions"},{"startTime":412.195,"endTime":415.535,"body":"to analyze data on their own to."},{"startTime":415.785,"endTime":419.415,"body":"Raise questions about geographic"},{"startTime":415.785,"endTime":419.415,"body":"information, which is also stories,"},{"startTime":419.605,"endTime":422.725,"body":"raising questions about people's"},{"startTime":419.605,"endTime":422.725,"body":"mobility, where they were coming from,"},{"startTime":422.735,"endTime":426.52500000000003,"body":"where they were going, being able"},{"startTime":422.735,"endTime":426.52500000000003,"body":"to map that quite literally using"},{"startTime":426.52500000000003,"endTime":432.65500000000003,"body":"GIS tools makes it so that a broader"},{"startTime":426.52500000000003,"endTime":432.65500000000003,"body":"public can make sense of this data."},{"startTime":432.695,"endTime":434.45500000000004,"body":"It makes historical research."},{"startTime":434.8,"endTime":438.69,"body":"Significantly more accessible because it"},{"startTime":434.8,"endTime":438.69,"body":"goes through a process of transformation."},{"startTime":438.71000000000004,"endTime":443.3,"body":"By transforming it, it changes it, but"},{"startTime":438.71000000000004,"endTime":443.3,"body":"it also makes it so that it's digestible"},{"startTime":443.3,"endTime":447.57,"body":"and accessible and inform a wider"},{"startTime":443.3,"endTime":447.57,"body":"audience and a larger number of people."},{"startTime":448.11,"endTime":451.45,"body":"Always, of course, be people who"},{"startTime":448.11,"endTime":451.45,"body":"strictly want to read the documents."},{"startTime":451.55,"endTime":455.01,"body":"You start to get a sense of the depth"},{"startTime":451.55,"endTime":455.01,"body":"of their connections, and you get"},{"startTime":455.01,"endTime":457.18,"body":"a broader sense of where they are."},{"startTime":457.26,"endTime":461.43,"body":"So that gives you the capacity to not"},{"startTime":457.26,"endTime":461.43,"body":"only think about people moving and"},{"startTime":461.48,"endTime":464.05,"body":"information, but also raw physical things."},{"startTime":464.24,"endTime":465.54,"body":"And of course captives, right?"},{"startTime":465.72,"endTime":469.19,"body":"Captives are entering the colony,"},{"startTime":465.72,"endTime":469.19,"body":"being able to map more accurately"},{"startTime":469.2,"endTime":472.38,"body":"where they're coming from, vital"},{"startTime":469.2,"endTime":472.38,"body":"part of historical research."},{"startTime":472.40000000000003,"endTime":474.75,"body":"And it's a powerful"},{"startTime":472.40000000000003,"endTime":474.75,"body":"tool to see individuals."},{"startTime":474.81,"endTime":479.74,"body":"The Spanish had a habit of recording where"},{"startTime":474.81,"endTime":479.74,"body":"individuals came from via their surnames."},{"startTime":479.78000000000003,"endTime":481.71000000000004,"body":"They would ask them where they came from."},{"startTime":481.76,"endTime":485.01,"body":"Some of it was because of the"},{"startTime":481.76,"endTime":485.01,"body":"work that they required them at"},{"startTime":485.14000000000004,"endTime":486.33000000000004,"body":"via these merchant diasporas."},{"startTime":486.36,"endTime":487.77000000000004,"body":"But sometimes you're able to reconstruct."},{"startTime":489.42,"endTime":492.5,"body":"Some of these ethnic communities that"},{"startTime":489.42,"endTime":492.5,"body":"arrive in places from West Africa."},{"startTime":492.5,"endTime":498.07,"body":"You might see someone with the last name"},{"startTime":492.5,"endTime":498.07,"body":"like Fulano, Rand, Mandingo, or Congo."},{"startTime":498.14000000000004,"endTime":500.52000000000004,"body":"A bit less in the early period, but"},{"startTime":498.14000000000004,"endTime":500.52000000000004,"body":"a bit later you start to see this"},{"startTime":500.57,"endTime":502.55,"body":"increase of people from those regions."},{"startTime":502.61,"endTime":504.41,"body":"And so you're able to create."},{"startTime":504.665,"endTime":506.65500000000003,"body":"Maps that reflect that, right?"},{"startTime":506.695,"endTime":510.02500000000003,"body":"There's various ways of interacting"},{"startTime":506.695,"endTime":510.02500000000003,"body":"with that kind of information."},{"startTime":510.075,"endTime":513.645,"body":"The big part of the current project"},{"startTime":510.075,"endTime":513.645,"body":"is to go through this process of"},{"startTime":513.645,"endTime":518.245,"body":"transformation but also make it so"},{"startTime":513.645,"endTime":518.245,"body":"individuals can visually see, by"},{"startTime":518.245,"endTime":522.855,"body":"using GIS tools, spatially where"},{"startTime":518.245,"endTime":522.855,"body":"people are, where they move, who and"},{"startTime":541.095,"endTime":543.195,"body":"what places they have connections to."},{"startTime":543.395,"endTime":547.725,"body":"It makes it more accessible and it adds"},{"startTime":543.395,"endTime":547.725,"body":"depth to our understanding of a place."},{"startTime":547.805,"endTime":549.385,"body":"When you add these other dimensions."},{"startTime":549.64,"endTime":552.6,"body":"And even as you're talking, I'm just"},{"startTime":549.64,"endTime":552.6,"body":"thinking it would not be possible"},{"startTime":552.62,"endTime":555.69,"body":"to make all those connections"},{"startTime":552.62,"endTime":555.69,"body":"without the work that you're doing."},{"startTime":555.69,"endTime":559.55,"body":"If I'm looking at a hard copy manual,"},{"startTime":555.69,"endTime":559.55,"body":"not able to tell these stories, make"},{"startTime":559.55,"endTime":563.62,"body":"these connections and track interest"},{"startTime":559.55,"endTime":563.62,"body":"where it is coming from in the flow."},{"startTime":563.74,"endTime":566.23,"body":"Oh my God, that would be"},{"startTime":563.74,"endTime":566.23,"body":"such a powerful link map."},{"startTime":566.27,"endTime":569.94,"body":"I'm obsessed with link maps and knowing"},{"startTime":566.27,"endTime":569.94,"body":"directional flow and where things are"},{"startTime":569.94,"endTime":571.13,"body":"going and where they're coming from."},{"startTime":571.46,"endTime":573.21,"body":"And so that creates a lot of context into."},{"startTime":573.7,"endTime":577.77,"body":"It's such a rich flow of information"},{"startTime":573.7,"endTime":577.77,"body":"you're creating to make it make sense."},{"startTime":578.24,"endTime":580.8,"body":"I'm also really connected with this"},{"startTime":578.24,"endTime":580.8,"body":"story in the sense that there's"},{"startTime":580.8,"endTime":585.05,"body":"a lot of identity that comes with"},{"startTime":580.8,"endTime":585.05,"body":"knowing historical pasts and what that"},{"startTime":585.07,"endTime":587.16,"body":"sort of would evolve to in future."},{"startTime":587.22,"endTime":590.58,"body":"I'm, I'm relating what you're"},{"startTime":587.22,"endTime":590.58,"body":"doing to remote sensing, which is"},{"startTime":590.58,"endTime":594.355,"body":"a lot of pre processing and How"},{"startTime":590.58,"endTime":594.355,"body":"much of a headache that can be."},{"startTime":594.355,"endTime":597.005,"body":"And it's literally me getting"},{"startTime":594.355,"endTime":597.005,"body":"data sets from Landsat and"},{"startTime":597.005,"endTime":597.995,"body":"it's already there, right?"},{"startTime":598.195,"endTime":601.645,"body":"But you're going through hard copy"},{"startTime":598.195,"endTime":601.645,"body":"records or historical records."},{"startTime":601.765,"endTime":605.525,"body":"So what would you say are the most"},{"startTime":601.765,"endTime":605.525,"body":"underappreciated aspects of your work?"},{"startTime":605.705,"endTime":608.485,"body":"I think anyone who works with"},{"startTime":605.705,"endTime":608.485,"body":"data would say that it's really"},{"startTime":608.485,"endTime":610.285,"body":"all in the processing phase."},{"startTime":610.46,"endTime":612.86,"body":"Because you're dealing with"},{"startTime":610.46,"endTime":612.86,"body":"handwritten images, that requires"},{"startTime":612.86,"endTime":616.53,"body":"a particular type of approach from"},{"startTime":612.86,"endTime":616.53,"body":"a machine learning perspective."},{"startTime":616.7,"endTime":620.36,"body":"So essentially, what it is dealing with"},{"startTime":616.7,"endTime":620.36,"body":"images with handwritten text recognition,"},{"startTime":620.6,"endTime":621.97,"body":"which is a branch of computer vision."},{"startTime":621.98,"endTime":625.8100000000001,"body":"So, thinking paleographically,"},{"startTime":621.98,"endTime":625.8100000000001,"body":"there are different hands that vary."},{"startTime":625.88,"endTime":627.87,"body":"And some hands are going"},{"startTime":625.88,"endTime":627.87,"body":"to be a bit better."},{"startTime":627.87,"endTime":631.12,"body":"Sometimes they are recopied at a later"},{"startTime":627.87,"endTime":631.12,"body":"date, so they're a bit more neat."},{"startTime":631.445,"endTime":632.515,"body":"And they're a bit more structured."},{"startTime":632.705,"endTime":635.455,"body":"Other times they were written by"},{"startTime":632.705,"endTime":635.455,"body":"different people for different purposes."},{"startTime":635.455,"endTime":638.695,"body":"And so the writing is not very legible."},{"startTime":638.805,"endTime":640.775,"body":"There are other ways of"},{"startTime":638.805,"endTime":640.775,"body":"processing face deals with dealing"},{"startTime":640.775,"endTime":641.635,"body":"with some of these problems."},{"startTime":641.635,"endTime":644.565,"body":"Things like through, if people are"},{"startTime":641.635,"endTime":644.565,"body":"all writing with ink and sometimes"},{"startTime":644.725,"endTime":646.825,"body":"the ink bleeds from page to the other."},{"startTime":646.915,"endTime":650.725,"body":"And so you have this overlap that's not"},{"startTime":646.915,"endTime":650.725,"body":"necessarily easy to remove depending on"},{"startTime":650.945,"endTime":652.225,"body":"what kind of images you're working with."},{"startTime":652.305,"endTime":654.815,"body":"Also, sometimes just the image"},{"startTime":652.305,"endTime":654.815,"body":"quality themselves, right?"},{"startTime":654.825,"endTime":659.035,"body":"So if you, you have some images"},{"startTime":654.825,"endTime":659.035,"body":"that are at the time when they"},{"startTime":659.035,"endTime":660.775,"body":"were digitized or put on microfilm."},{"startTime":661.3,"endTime":666.23,"body":"It had a really bright light centered on"},{"startTime":661.3,"endTime":666.23,"body":"the image, which causes some problems."},{"startTime":666.24,"endTime":669.66,"body":"Sometimes it makes some of the text"},{"startTime":666.24,"endTime":669.66,"body":"illegible, even with the human eye,"},{"startTime":669.76,"endTime":674.1,"body":"so that it's figuring ways around"},{"startTime":669.76,"endTime":674.1,"body":"essentially processing the images so that"},{"startTime":674.1,"endTime":677.85,"body":"they can be used for machine learning"},{"startTime":674.1,"endTime":677.85,"body":"purposes, because the machine learning"},{"startTime":677.85,"endTime":679.07,"body":"component is the sexist part, right?"},{"startTime":679.14,"endTime":681.87,"body":"And that's the part where you're training"},{"startTime":679.14,"endTime":681.87,"body":"the model, you're getting outputs,"},{"startTime":681.91,"endTime":685.1,"body":"you are making iterative process, but."},{"startTime":685.565,"endTime":689.635,"body":"The data processing part, the image"},{"startTime":685.565,"endTime":689.635,"body":"processing part is a fundamental part."},{"startTime":689.695,"endTime":693.565,"body":"And then in addition to that, the other"},{"startTime":689.695,"endTime":693.565,"body":"part is dealing with the language itself."},{"startTime":693.565,"endTime":695.015,"body":"So obviously it's in Spanish."},{"startTime":695.095,"endTime":697.905,"body":"But given the time in which it's"},{"startTime":695.095,"endTime":697.905,"body":"written for additional analysis,"},{"startTime":697.915,"endTime":700.865,"body":"like text analysis and using"},{"startTime":697.915,"endTime":700.865,"body":"batch language processing on the"},{"startTime":700.865,"endTime":705.885,"body":"transcriptions, you do have to have"},{"startTime":700.865,"endTime":705.885,"body":"some idea about the language itself."},{"startTime":706.13,"endTime":709.19,"body":"And removing artifacts from the images,"},{"startTime":706.13,"endTime":709.19,"body":"depending on where you're sourcing"},{"startTime":709.19,"endTime":713.61,"body":"images, maybe there's some damage to the"},{"startTime":709.19,"endTime":713.61,"body":"images themselves, or to the document"},{"startTime":713.66,"endTime":718.18,"body":"itself, that can obscure certain words"},{"startTime":713.66,"endTime":718.18,"body":"or make them completely illegible."},{"startTime":718.22,"endTime":721.71,"body":"So these are things that"},{"startTime":718.22,"endTime":721.71,"body":"you have to work around."},{"startTime":722.005,"endTime":723.705,"body":"And figure out how to solve."},{"startTime":724.755,"endTime":727.865,"body":"So, yeah, it's, it's that I think"},{"startTime":724.755,"endTime":727.865,"body":"is an underappreciated aspect."},{"startTime":728.725,"endTime":729.345,"body":"Interesting."},{"startTime":729.365,"endTime":732.865,"body":"And because now when you're talking about"},{"startTime":729.365,"endTime":732.865,"body":"the work that goes into that, I'm also"},{"startTime":732.865,"endTime":735.215,"body":"thinking, how do you create a balance?"},{"startTime":735.245,"endTime":738.145,"body":"Because these are human records you're"},{"startTime":735.245,"endTime":738.145,"body":"handling when it comes to the ethics"},{"startTime":738.145,"endTime":741.345,"body":"of balancing the physical records"},{"startTime":738.145,"endTime":741.345,"body":"and knowing that these are actual."},{"startTime":741.65,"endTime":745.98,"body":"Human records and how do you handle that"},{"startTime":741.65,"endTime":745.98,"body":"in terms of ensuring the information"},{"startTime":745.98,"endTime":747.72,"body":"is not lost or the pages are not lost."},{"startTime":747.88,"endTime":751.63,"body":"Thankfully, the records we're using"},{"startTime":747.88,"endTime":751.63,"body":"have already been digitized and we"},{"startTime":751.63,"endTime":755.94,"body":"have an agreement with the Spanish"},{"startTime":751.63,"endTime":755.94,"body":"archive, but they have already been"},{"startTime":755.94,"endTime":758.55,"body":"digitized and have already been"},{"startTime":755.94,"endTime":758.55,"body":"managed by the archivist there."},{"startTime":758.77,"endTime":762.75,"body":"But of course, even though we're using"},{"startTime":758.77,"endTime":762.75,"body":"images that have been digitized, some"},{"startTime":762.76,"endTime":767.27,"body":"of which are on microfilm, they do still"},{"startTime":762.76,"endTime":767.27,"body":"have some aspects of them that make them"},{"startTime":767.3100000000001,"endTime":769.11,"body":"difficult to work with how they were."},{"startTime":769.4,"endTime":771.47,"body":"Digitize the process they use."},{"startTime":771.52,"endTime":773.54,"body":"Sometimes some of them"},{"startTime":771.52,"endTime":773.54,"body":"have really bad lighting."},{"startTime":773.57,"endTime":777.68,"body":"So that creates some really bad dark"},{"startTime":773.57,"endTime":777.68,"body":"spots and some overly bright spots."},{"startTime":777.77,"endTime":780.64,"body":"So there's, and there are some of them"},{"startTime":777.77,"endTime":780.64,"body":"do have artifacts on some of the pages"},{"startTime":780.64,"endTime":782.02,"body":"themselves that have to be removed."},{"startTime":782.19,"endTime":786.53,"body":"But as far as physical handling of the"},{"startTime":782.19,"endTime":786.53,"body":"records themselves, thankfully, that's"},{"startTime":786.55,"endTime":788.22,"body":"already been done by the archivist."},{"startTime":788.28,"endTime":788.85,"body":"We solved."},{"startTime":788.88,"endTime":789.21,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":789.53,"endTime":794.07,"body":"And I'm very fascinated by emergent"},{"startTime":789.53,"endTime":794.07,"body":"trends and how they can shape"},{"startTime":794.07,"endTime":795.76,"body":"how we look at our workflows."},{"startTime":795.8100000000001,"endTime":798.38,"body":"And yeah, we're definitely in this whole."},{"startTime":798.745,"endTime":803.015,"body":"Machine learning, AGI, this"},{"startTime":798.745,"endTime":803.015,"body":"whole new world, right?"},{"startTime":803.325,"endTime":807.035,"body":"And so I'm curious about, are there"},{"startTime":803.325,"endTime":807.035,"body":"emerging trends you're excited about"},{"startTime":807.105,"endTime":809.675,"body":"and how you see that shaping your work?"},{"startTime":809.745,"endTime":812.765,"body":"I'm super excited about"},{"startTime":809.745,"endTime":812.765,"body":"a lot of these tools."},{"startTime":812.805,"endTime":817.855,"body":"I think that the generative AI trend"},{"startTime":812.805,"endTime":817.855,"body":"has a lot of use cases, especially"},{"startTime":818.065,"endTime":820.965,"body":"believe it or not, in removing certain"},{"startTime":818.065,"endTime":820.965,"body":"kinds of artifacts from machines."},{"startTime":820.965,"endTime":824.455,"body":"Using generative AI to reproduce"},{"startTime":820.965,"endTime":824.455,"body":"the images without the artifact."},{"startTime":824.835,"endTime":828.1850000000001,"body":"It's actually a very powerful"},{"startTime":824.835,"endTime":828.1850000000001,"body":"tool, something that we"},{"startTime":828.1850000000001,"endTime":829.575,"body":"actually are employing here."},{"startTime":829.735,"endTime":833.295,"body":"And of course there's, when we talk about"},{"startTime":829.735,"endTime":833.295,"body":"accessibility, I think an increasing"},{"startTime":833.295,"endTime":839.405,"body":"use and domain specific large language"},{"startTime":833.295,"endTime":839.405,"body":"models to provide insight into topics."},{"startTime":839.405,"endTime":841.975,"body":"It makes it more accessible than"},{"startTime":839.405,"endTime":841.975,"body":"just a standard user interface."},{"startTime":841.995,"endTime":847.535,"body":"Being able to prompt a large language"},{"startTime":841.995,"endTime":847.535,"body":"model to ask questions about a specific"},{"startTime":847.585,"endTime":852.155,"body":"area or specific domain is a growing"},{"startTime":847.585,"endTime":852.155,"body":"area and we're getting a lot better at."},{"startTime":852.415,"endTime":857.505,"body":"Figuring out ways to have domain specific"},{"startTime":852.415,"endTime":857.505,"body":"linguist models, be able to answer"},{"startTime":857.535,"endTime":862.015,"body":"more complex questions, and I think"},{"startTime":857.535,"endTime":862.015,"body":"not so much necessarily for researchers"},{"startTime":862.025,"endTime":866.395,"body":"immediately, but for general public"},{"startTime":862.025,"endTime":866.395,"body":"use of people who are fascinated in a"},{"startTime":866.395,"endTime":870.9350000000001,"body":"particular area that say, in your case,"},{"startTime":866.395,"endTime":870.9350000000001,"body":"environmental sciences, having a large"},{"startTime":870.9350000000001,"endTime":875.745,"body":"linguist model that is capable of handling"},{"startTime":870.9350000000001,"endTime":875.745,"body":"a variety of questions reasonably well."},{"startTime":875.965,"endTime":880.265,"body":"Could make it so that people are able"},{"startTime":875.965,"endTime":880.265,"body":"to learn or at least get insight into"},{"startTime":880.265,"endTime":883.255,"body":"how the field works and learn new"},{"startTime":880.265,"endTime":883.255,"body":"things and make it more accessible"},{"startTime":883.255,"endTime":884.515,"body":"in ways they otherwise may not."},{"startTime":884.755,"endTime":886.645,"body":"I think that's a great"},{"startTime":884.755,"endTime":886.645,"body":"thing to be excited about."},{"startTime":886.805,"endTime":890.285,"body":"You have this growing field of"},{"startTime":886.805,"endTime":890.285,"body":"computational science relies on"},{"startTime":890.315,"endTime":891.445,"body":"things like machine learning."},{"startTime":891.565,"endTime":895.415,"body":"And so I think we're starting to see this"},{"startTime":891.565,"endTime":895.415,"body":"kind of what I think is a really cool"},{"startTime":895.525,"endTime":897.695,"body":"transformation by using these new tools."},{"startTime":897.695,"endTime":900.045,"body":"And of course, now we're"},{"startTime":897.695,"endTime":900.045,"body":"seeing it at the, my project."},{"startTime":900.32,"endTime":903.94,"body":"And hopefully more and more rising"},{"startTime":900.32,"endTime":903.94,"body":"using machine learning and deep learning"},{"startTime":904.14,"endTime":908.76,"body":"to not only transform historical"},{"startTime":904.14,"endTime":908.76,"body":"data, but to answer questions about"},{"startTime":908.76,"endTime":911.45,"body":"it to generate new areas of inquiry."},{"startTime":911.52,"endTime":914.57,"body":"And, of course, climate science,"},{"startTime":911.52,"endTime":914.57,"body":"environmental science, and also"},{"startTime":914.66,"endTime":916.07,"body":"geospatial technology, right?"},{"startTime":916.11,"endTime":919.4,"body":"These things are going to also"},{"startTime":916.11,"endTime":919.4,"body":"be transformed by things like."},{"startTime":919.76,"endTime":922.63,"body":"Machine learning and deep learning,"},{"startTime":919.76,"endTime":922.63,"body":"like the internet of things is"},{"startTime":922.63,"endTime":924.28,"body":"an exciting adventurous, right?"},{"startTime":924.3100000000001,"endTime":926.98,"body":"The other bit of it would be"},{"startTime":924.3100000000001,"endTime":926.98,"body":"the ethics component of it."},{"startTime":926.98,"endTime":930.28,"body":"I think you briefly touched on that at"},{"startTime":926.98,"endTime":930.28,"body":"home coming during the presentation,"},{"startTime":930.48,"endTime":934.99,"body":"the ethical considerations that come"},{"startTime":930.48,"endTime":934.99,"body":"with handling historical data and"},{"startTime":935.08,"endTime":936.84,"body":"also maintaining the human side of it."},{"startTime":937.04,"endTime":938.35,"body":"That's a good question."},{"startTime":938.5,"endTime":942.26,"body":"I think that one of the things that we"},{"startTime":938.5,"endTime":942.26,"body":"have to consider is that the records."},{"startTime":942.465,"endTime":945.305,"body":"Particularly if you're dealing"},{"startTime":942.465,"endTime":945.305,"body":"with records that are related to"},{"startTime":945.735,"endTime":948.425,"body":"incitement, are dehumanizing records."},{"startTime":948.4350000000001,"endTime":953.095,"body":"People don't appear in them in ways"},{"startTime":948.4350000000001,"endTime":953.095,"body":"that, in which they are seen as human."},{"startTime":953.155,"endTime":956.365,"body":"They appear in ways, so the records"},{"startTime":953.155,"endTime":956.365,"body":"themselves aren't human biased."},{"startTime":956.575,"endTime":960.665,"body":"The goal is not to portray incited"},{"startTime":956.575,"endTime":960.665,"body":"Africans or indigenous people"},{"startTime":960.725,"endTime":963.015,"body":"in humane or meaningful ways."},{"startTime":963.045,"endTime":964.465,"body":"They're structured in a way in which."},{"startTime":965.32,"endTime":968.37,"body":"You have a particular perspective that"},{"startTime":965.32,"endTime":968.37,"body":"is colonists and your cybers themselves"},{"startTime":968.47,"endTime":972.48,"body":"who are interested in collecting"},{"startTime":968.47,"endTime":972.48,"body":"certain kinds of information, right?"},{"startTime":972.7,"endTime":977.22,"body":"What that means is that you have records"},{"startTime":972.7,"endTime":977.22,"body":"that are inherently biased So one thing"},{"startTime":977.22,"endTime":980.58,"body":"that you have to be considerate of I think"},{"startTime":977.22,"endTime":980.58,"body":"is when you're dealing with this kind of"},{"startTime":980.58,"endTime":982.63,"body":"information Is you have to try to make?"},{"startTime":982.885,"endTime":987.465,"body":"The context around it, a big"},{"startTime":982.885,"endTime":987.465,"body":"part of how you discuss it."},{"startTime":987.575,"endTime":991.485,"body":"What you don't want to do is to"},{"startTime":987.575,"endTime":991.485,"body":"decontextualize the data that you have."},{"startTime":991.595,"endTime":994.975,"body":"That's a big part of trying to explain"},{"startTime":991.595,"endTime":994.975,"body":"why people are living the lives that"},{"startTime":994.975,"endTime":997.275,"body":"they are living, is the context."},{"startTime":997.275,"endTime":1000.665,"body":"Data itself is an important"},{"startTime":997.275,"endTime":1000.665,"body":"component, but you always want to"},{"startTime":1000.795,"endTime":1002.915,"body":"make sure that it is contextualized."},{"startTime":1002.925,"endTime":1007.39,"body":"Because without that context, It can,"},{"startTime":1002.925,"endTime":1007.39,"body":"at times, reduce individuals to, as my"},{"startTime":1007.4,"endTime":1008.5,"body":"advisor used to say, like being counted."},{"startTime":1008.68,"endTime":1011.22,"body":"You have this collection of"},{"startTime":1008.68,"endTime":1011.22,"body":"people, they're just a number."},{"startTime":1011.3,"endTime":1012.05,"body":"You don't want that."},{"startTime":1012.29,"endTime":1016.94,"body":"The one important component, too,"},{"startTime":1012.29,"endTime":1016.94,"body":"is that with the advent of machine"},{"startTime":1016.94,"endTime":1020.55,"body":"learning and these flying computational"},{"startTime":1016.94,"endTime":1020.55,"body":"methods to studying historical past,"},{"startTime":1020.55,"endTime":1023.4,"body":"you can now look at things in aggregate"},{"startTime":1020.55,"endTime":1023.4,"body":"in ways that we couldn't previously."},{"startTime":1023.62,"endTime":1026.46,"body":"And so, that in and of itself is"},{"startTime":1023.62,"endTime":1026.46,"body":"actually a humanizing component."},{"startTime":1026.55,"endTime":1028.21,"body":"Being able to see individuals."},{"startTime":1028.47,"endTime":1032.6,"body":"In a multitude of ways, and also with"},{"startTime":1028.47,"endTime":1032.6,"body":"a greater degree of accuracy pinpoint,"},{"startTime":1032.79,"endTime":1035.83,"body":"essentially imagine kind of plucking"},{"startTime":1032.79,"endTime":1035.83,"body":"one individual from a place in time and"},{"startTime":1035.84,"endTime":1037.75,"body":"be able to see a lot more about them."},{"startTime":1037.8799999999999,"endTime":1041.83,"body":"So you're able to get both a micro and"},{"startTime":1037.8799999999999,"endTime":1041.83,"body":"macro scale type of analysis that would"},{"startTime":1041.84,"endTime":1044.67,"body":"be a bit more difficult to do previously."},{"startTime":1044.74,"endTime":1048.0600000000002,"body":"But I think what needs to be"},{"startTime":1044.74,"endTime":1048.0600000000002,"body":"considered here is thinking"},{"startTime":1048.0600000000002,"endTime":1049.25,"body":"about what these records are."},{"startTime":1049.68,"endTime":1050.8600000000001,"body":"Who's producing the records?"},{"startTime":1051.01,"endTime":1052.79,"body":"Why are they producing"},{"startTime":1051.01,"endTime":1052.79,"body":"the way in which they are?"},{"startTime":1052.95,"endTime":1056.4,"body":"Adding this additional historical context"},{"startTime":1052.95,"endTime":1056.4,"body":"to the information, because without"},{"startTime":1056.4,"endTime":1060.3500000000001,"body":"that, the records themselves don't tell"},{"startTime":1056.4,"endTime":1060.3500000000001,"body":"you what you might think they tell you."},{"startTime":1060.5700000000002,"endTime":1064.18,"body":"Context is a historian's greatest"},{"startTime":1060.5700000000002,"endTime":1064.18,"body":"tool in explaining certain kinds"},{"startTime":1064.18,"endTime":1068.17,"body":"of behavior, and I think that"},{"startTime":1064.18,"endTime":1068.17,"body":"is a very important component."},{"startTime":1068.38,"endTime":1072.96,"body":"And it's also important that we"},{"startTime":1068.38,"endTime":1072.96,"body":"consistently highlight individuals."},{"startTime":1073.505,"endTime":1076.265,"body":"For the sake of humanizing is"},{"startTime":1073.505,"endTime":1076.265,"body":"again, we don't want to just see"},{"startTime":1076.265,"endTime":1080.815,"body":"them just as a groups of people who"},{"startTime":1076.265,"endTime":1080.815,"body":"exist in the abstract is imperative"},{"startTime":1080.815,"endTime":1082.2350000000001,"body":"that we treat them as individuals."},{"startTime":1082.4550000000002,"endTime":1086.4050000000002,"body":"And I think we all have a"},{"startTime":1082.4550000000002,"endTime":1086.4050000000002,"body":"responsibility to do that."},{"startTime":1086.4850000000001,"endTime":1088.9750000000001,"body":"And of course, there is always the"},{"startTime":1086.4850000000001,"endTime":1088.9750000000001,"body":"question of making sure that whatever"},{"startTime":1088.9750000000001,"endTime":1092.305,"body":"sources you're using to source"},{"startTime":1088.9750000000001,"endTime":1092.305,"body":"these individuals and to source"},{"startTime":1092.305,"endTime":1094.095,"body":"this data is acquired ethically."},{"startTime":1094.575,"endTime":1097.545,"body":"We do live in an area in which"},{"startTime":1094.575,"endTime":1097.545,"body":"we do have access so much data."},{"startTime":1097.6950000000002,"endTime":1098.765,"body":"And so what that means is."},{"startTime":1098.9750000000001,"endTime":1102.005,"body":"Where, wherever you're sourcing"},{"startTime":1098.9750000000001,"endTime":1102.005,"body":"information that you're using to train"},{"startTime":1102.005,"endTime":1106.4550000000002,"body":"your models or that you're transforming"},{"startTime":1102.005,"endTime":1106.4550000000002,"body":"to try and make available or to answer"},{"startTime":1106.4550000000002,"endTime":1109.575,"body":"some kind of research question, you"},{"startTime":1106.4550000000002,"endTime":1109.575,"body":"have to make sure that that you have"},{"startTime":1109.7050000000002,"endTime":1113.865,"body":"permission from the people or places"},{"startTime":1109.7050000000002,"endTime":1113.865,"body":"or countries or institutions that"},{"startTime":1113.865,"endTime":1115.115,"body":"you're gathering the information."},{"startTime":1115.305,"endTime":1118.005,"body":"You have to make sure that you're always"},{"startTime":1115.305,"endTime":1118.005,"body":"handing it in a way in which is in"},{"startTime":1118.005,"endTime":1119.1250000000002,"body":"full accordance with your agreement."},{"startTime":1119.315,"endTime":1121.9150000000002,"body":"I think we live in an area that"},{"startTime":1119.315,"endTime":1121.9150000000002,"body":"is, of course, very exciting."},{"startTime":1122.075,"endTime":1125.1850000000002,"body":"Artificial intelligence and its use"},{"startTime":1122.075,"endTime":1125.1850000000002,"body":"cases has a large number of use cases."},{"startTime":1125.595,"endTime":1126.275,"body":"But what makes."},{"startTime":1126.615,"endTime":1129.9450000000002,"body":"Machine learning and deep learning so"},{"startTime":1126.615,"endTime":1129.9450000000002,"body":"important is really the kind of quality"},{"startTime":1129.9450000000002,"endTime":1133.1550000000002,"body":"and the kind of data that you have and"},{"startTime":1129.9450000000002,"endTime":1133.1550000000002,"body":"making sure that you're acquiring that"},{"startTime":1133.1750000000002,"endTime":1136.8850000000002,"body":"in a manner that is ethical and you"},{"startTime":1133.1750000000002,"endTime":1136.8850000000002,"body":"have to take into consideration how"},{"startTime":1136.8850000000002,"endTime":1139.855,"body":"you're getting it, where you're getting"},{"startTime":1136.8850000000002,"endTime":1139.855,"body":"it from and making sure that you're"},{"startTime":1139.855,"endTime":1141.305,"body":"using it in a way that is not harmed."},{"startTime":1141.345,"endTime":1145.2250000000001,"body":"And I think that has to be baked"},{"startTime":1141.345,"endTime":1145.2250000000001,"body":"into the kind of work that you do."},{"startTime":1145.4150000000002,"endTime":1148.1750000000002,"body":"You're working with data of any"},{"startTime":1145.4150000000002,"endTime":1148.1750000000002,"body":"type of any sort, especially"},{"startTime":1148.1750000000002,"endTime":1149.4650000000001,"body":"as it pertains to people."},{"startTime":1149.73,"endTime":1153.48,"body":"There has to be some kind of process"},{"startTime":1149.73,"endTime":1153.48,"body":"to make sure that it's collected"},{"startTime":1153.48,"endTime":1157.3200000000002,"body":"ethically and it's done in a manner"},{"startTime":1153.48,"endTime":1157.3200000000002,"body":"that's respectful to the subjects"},{"startTime":1157.3200000000002,"endTime":1161.1100000000001,"body":"that appear in your data need to be"},{"startTime":1157.3200000000002,"endTime":1161.1100000000001,"body":"treated as respectfully as possible."},{"startTime":1161.16,"endTime":1164.0900000000001,"body":"I think, given the fact that"},{"startTime":1161.16,"endTime":1164.0900000000001,"body":"this is my domain, I feel a lot"},{"startTime":1164.0900000000001,"endTime":1165.94,"body":"more comfortable in that respect."},{"startTime":1166.0400000000002,"endTime":1168.8700000000001,"body":"But I do think it's still something"},{"startTime":1166.0400000000002,"endTime":1168.8700000000001,"body":"you have to do cognizant because the"},{"startTime":1168.8700000000001,"endTime":1171.69,"body":"records themselves are human, especially"},{"startTime":1168.8700000000001,"endTime":1171.69,"body":"because it deals with slavery and"},{"startTime":1171.73,"endTime":1173.95,"body":"other various aspects of colonization."},{"startTime":1174.1000000000001,"endTime":1178.45,"body":"So do you want to consistently think of"},{"startTime":1174.1000000000001,"endTime":1178.45,"body":"ways to highlight that these are people"},{"startTime":1178.45,"endTime":1181.99,"body":"who are carrying these records are people"},{"startTime":1178.45,"endTime":1181.99,"body":"worthy of respect and we should see"},{"startTime":1181.99,"endTime":1186.15,"body":"their lives and struggles as meaningful"},{"startTime":1181.99,"endTime":1186.15,"body":"and treat them with a level of respect."},{"startTime":1186.3100000000002,"endTime":1189.67,"body":"But even if that level of respect isn't"},{"startTime":1186.3100000000002,"endTime":1189.67,"body":"always transparent in the records about."},{"startTime":1190.0900000000001,"endTime":1193.5800000000002,"body":"So there is still a process of"},{"startTime":1190.0900000000001,"endTime":1193.5800000000002,"body":"transformation of thinking about."},{"startTime":1193.805,"endTime":1196.6450000000002,"body":"How are we consistently respectful of"},{"startTime":1193.805,"endTime":1196.6450000000002,"body":"the people who are paying these records?"},{"startTime":1196.6450000000002,"endTime":1197.7450000000001,"body":"How do we humanize them?"},{"startTime":1197.845,"endTime":1202.115,"body":"Even in the records themselves, in which"},{"startTime":1197.845,"endTime":1202.115,"body":"they are not humanized, are literally"},{"startTime":1202.2350000000001,"endTime":1204.8850000000002,"body":"thought of sometimes as cattle or objects."},{"startTime":1204.8950000000002,"endTime":1207.1750000000002,"body":"So the ethics are something"},{"startTime":1204.8950000000002,"endTime":1207.1750000000002,"body":"that you have to constantly,"},{"startTime":1207.3750000000002,"endTime":1208.4550000000002,"body":"in a way it's an inner process."},{"startTime":1208.565,"endTime":1212.595,"body":"You're consistently thinking about"},{"startTime":1208.565,"endTime":1212.595,"body":"how can we maintain a respectful"},{"startTime":1212.835,"endTime":1215.755,"body":"approach to talking about the"},{"startTime":1212.835,"endTime":1215.755,"body":"people who are paying these records."},{"startTime":1216.3750000000002,"endTime":1220.1450000000002,"body":"Because these questions, despite"},{"startTime":1216.3750000000002,"endTime":1220.1450000000002,"body":"them being part of the past, also"},{"startTime":1220.1450000000002,"endTime":1223.6850000000002,"body":"still maintain a level of present"},{"startTime":1220.1450000000002,"endTime":1223.6850000000002,"body":"or contemporary importance."},{"startTime":1223.755,"endTime":1227.525,"body":"And so that is something that I think"},{"startTime":1223.755,"endTime":1227.525,"body":"is unique to having a project that is"},{"startTime":1227.525,"endTime":1231.73,"body":"centered around the historical past, is"},{"startTime":1227.525,"endTime":1231.73,"body":"that There are echoes into the present."},{"startTime":1231.91,"endTime":1232.3000000000002,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":1232.5900000000001,"endTime":1237.16,"body":"There isn't, you're never fully removed"},{"startTime":1232.5900000000001,"endTime":1237.16,"body":"from slavery, transatlantic slavery,"},{"startTime":1237.18,"endTime":1238.3500000000001,"body":"the colonization of the Americas."},{"startTime":1238.3600000000001,"endTime":1241.0900000000001,"body":"These are still subject matters"},{"startTime":1238.3600000000001,"endTime":1241.0900000000001,"body":"that are sensitive and still"},{"startTime":1241.1000000000001,"endTime":1243.22,"body":"have modern repercussions."},{"startTime":1243.2500000000002,"endTime":1247.98,"body":"And so it does require a level of care"},{"startTime":1243.2500000000002,"endTime":1247.98,"body":"and thinking about humanized individuals"},{"startTime":1247.98,"endTime":1252.5100000000002,"body":"that appear there, seeing them as people"},{"startTime":1247.98,"endTime":1252.5100000000002,"body":"and trying to make sure that whoever."},{"startTime":1252.74,"endTime":1256.23,"body":"Interacts with the records themselves,"},{"startTime":1252.74,"endTime":1256.23,"body":"understands the context around them,"},{"startTime":1256.42,"endTime":1260.8600000000001,"body":"and provides some context of the world"},{"startTime":1256.42,"endTime":1260.8600000000001,"body":"in which they, why maybe they behave"},{"startTime":1260.96,"endTime":1264.39,"body":"a certain way, or why maybe they"},{"startTime":1260.96,"endTime":1264.39,"body":"experienced some kind of phenomenon."},{"startTime":1264.39,"endTime":1268.3200000000002,"body":"You want to make sure that all of that is"},{"startTime":1264.39,"endTime":1268.3200000000002,"body":"transparent to anyone who might use them."},{"startTime":1268.4750000000001,"endTime":1272.9250000000002,"body":"I would tag that as a masterclass"},{"startTime":1268.4750000000001,"endTime":1272.9250000000002,"body":"for data and ethics and how we should"},{"startTime":1272.9350000000002,"endTime":1276.4150000000002,"body":"handle data, because you've talked about"},{"startTime":1272.9350000000002,"endTime":1276.4150000000002,"body":"so many contexts and you've brought"},{"startTime":1276.4150000000002,"endTime":1280.1750000000002,"body":"the points home on what the ethics"},{"startTime":1276.4150000000002,"endTime":1280.1750000000002,"body":"side of it looks like when handling"},{"startTime":1280.1750000000002,"endTime":1284.4350000000002,"body":"records and the contextualization and"},{"startTime":1280.1750000000002,"endTime":1284.4350000000002,"body":"being able to humanize that as well."},{"startTime":1284.795,"endTime":1286.035,"body":"And that was very insightful."},{"startTime":1286.095,"endTime":1288.025,"body":"So I'm going to go back to the theme."},{"startTime":1288.075,"endTime":1291.6950000000002,"body":"And this year we're talking about"},{"startTime":1288.075,"endTime":1291.6950000000002,"body":"art, Afrofuturism and geography."},{"startTime":1292.0800000000002,"endTime":1296.42,"body":"And so based on how you've painted out"},{"startTime":1292.0800000000002,"endTime":1296.42,"body":"the picture of what ethics looks like"},{"startTime":1296.43,"endTime":1300.5500000000002,"body":"and the handling of these records,"},{"startTime":1296.43,"endTime":1300.5500000000002,"body":"I'm curious to know how your perfect"},{"startTime":1300.5500000000002,"endTime":1304.98,"body":"utopia would look when it comes to these"},{"startTime":1300.5500000000002,"endTime":1304.98,"body":"themes, Afrofuturism, Art and Geography."},{"startTime":1304.98,"endTime":1306.0900000000001,"body":"A perfect world?"},{"startTime":1306.2,"endTime":1307.17,"body":"That's a big question."},{"startTime":1307.46,"endTime":1308.8700000000001,"body":"I've always liked the"},{"startTime":1307.46,"endTime":1308.8700000000001,"body":"concept of Afrofuturism."},{"startTime":1309.72,"endTime":1314.315,"body":"I think envisioning a world in which"},{"startTime":1309.72,"endTime":1314.315,"body":"Black people globally are safe,"},{"startTime":1314.315,"endTime":1318.505,"body":"secure, and free of many of the"},{"startTime":1314.315,"endTime":1318.505,"body":"oppressive forces is reappealing."},{"startTime":1318.505,"endTime":1320.855,"body":"The global phenomenon is something"},{"startTime":1318.505,"endTime":1320.855,"body":"like Black Panther, for example."},{"startTime":1321.045,"endTime":1326.795,"body":"Despite its very Americanized concept"},{"startTime":1321.045,"endTime":1326.795,"body":"of a African nation, which has many of"},{"startTime":1326.9250000000002,"endTime":1329.6650000000002,"body":"the problems that an American viewer"},{"startTime":1326.9250000000002,"endTime":1329.6650000000002,"body":"would have, especially because it was"},{"startTime":1329.6650000000002,"endTime":1333.1450000000002,"body":"constructed by white men, which sometimes"},{"startTime":1329.6650000000002,"endTime":1333.1450000000002,"body":"gets left out, that Wakanda, the"},{"startTime":1333.2450000000001,"endTime":1337.1750000000002,"body":"concept of it, Black Panther is entirely"},{"startTime":1333.2450000000001,"endTime":1337.1750000000002,"body":"constructed by white men in the west."},{"startTime":1337.2250000000001,"endTime":1340.4150000000002,"body":"The concept of society in which black"},{"startTime":1337.2250000000001,"endTime":1340.4150000000002,"body":"people are living in the future,"},{"startTime":1340.4250000000002,"endTime":1344.8950000000002,"body":"in which our lives are not strictly"},{"startTime":1340.4250000000002,"endTime":1344.8950000000002,"body":"based around suffering and oppression,"},{"startTime":1344.9550000000002,"endTime":1348.8750000000002,"body":"is something that is imagination, I"},{"startTime":1344.9550000000002,"endTime":1348.8750000000002,"body":"should say, is a critical point, right?"},{"startTime":1348.8850000000002,"endTime":1353.325,"body":"We want to imagine worlds in"},{"startTime":1348.8850000000002,"endTime":1353.325,"body":"which we are living, Safely and"},{"startTime":1353.325,"endTime":1354.4150000000002,"body":"in community with each other."},{"startTime":1354.4150000000002,"endTime":1359.605,"body":"I think a perfect world for me"},{"startTime":1354.4150000000002,"endTime":1359.605,"body":"is hard to immediately come up"},{"startTime":1359.6450000000002,"endTime":1361.095,"body":"with off the top of my head."},{"startTime":1361.095,"endTime":1364.275,"body":"But I do have some things that I think"},{"startTime":1361.095,"endTime":1364.275,"body":"are central to that kind of a better"},{"startTime":1364.275,"endTime":1366.8950000000002,"body":"world, which would be one community."},{"startTime":1366.9950000000001,"endTime":1371.055,"body":"I think particularly in the West, our"},{"startTime":1366.9950000000001,"endTime":1371.055,"body":"concept of community is significantly"},{"startTime":1371.065,"endTime":1372.825,"body":"different than other places."},{"startTime":1372.9350000000002,"endTime":1375.8750000000002,"body":"I would say that community"},{"startTime":1372.9350000000002,"endTime":1375.8750000000002,"body":"here is not very strong or"},{"startTime":1375.8750000000002,"endTime":1378.2350000000001,"body":"sensitive among Western nations."},{"startTime":1378.2450000000001,"endTime":1380.615,"body":"I think it's strong among"},{"startTime":1378.2450000000001,"endTime":1380.615,"body":"the Black community."},{"startTime":1380.615,"endTime":1380.91,"body":"But."},{"startTime":1381.1100000000001,"endTime":1383.68,"body":"The concept of living in community"},{"startTime":1381.1100000000001,"endTime":1383.68,"body":"with each other and being"},{"startTime":1383.68,"endTime":1388.8000000000002,"body":"responsible to other people is a"},{"startTime":1383.68,"endTime":1388.8000000000002,"body":"big component of living in a world."},{"startTime":1389.0100000000002,"endTime":1391.99,"body":"I don't know if you're familiar with"},{"startTime":1389.0100000000002,"endTime":1391.99,"body":"the concept of punk at all, but it"},{"startTime":1392.0000000000002,"endTime":1394.5200000000002,"body":"is, I think, a very fascinating."},{"startTime":1394.71,"endTime":1399.5300000000002,"body":"Solid Punk is a fantasy where it is"},{"startTime":1394.71,"endTime":1399.5300000000002,"body":"a distinctly community based world"},{"startTime":1399.5300000000002,"endTime":1402.5800000000002,"body":"in which people are able to live"},{"startTime":1399.5300000000002,"endTime":1402.5800000000002,"body":"in harmony with the environment."},{"startTime":1402.785,"endTime":1407.335,"body":"I would say it's also distinctly pro"},{"startTime":1402.785,"endTime":1407.335,"body":"human in the sense that perfect worlds"},{"startTime":1407.335,"endTime":1411.825,"body":"would be centered around this idea of"},{"startTime":1407.335,"endTime":1411.825,"body":"how do we treat all the aspects of our"},{"startTime":1411.825,"endTime":1415.585,"body":"humanity and how do we take care of"},{"startTime":1411.825,"endTime":1415.585,"body":"ourselves and not just see ourselves"},{"startTime":1415.595,"endTime":1418.4050000000002,"body":"as on producing something labor."},{"startTime":1418.525,"endTime":1422.085,"body":"Labor is a part of our lives, cannot"},{"startTime":1418.525,"endTime":1422.085,"body":"take up the entire spectrum of our lives."},{"startTime":1422.295,"endTime":1423.7150000000001,"body":"It is a small part."},{"startTime":1424.355,"endTime":1429.295,"body":"And I also think a future world looks like"},{"startTime":1424.355,"endTime":1429.295,"body":"us using technology less as a means of"},{"startTime":1429.4450000000002,"endTime":1434.255,"body":"just producing more and making more money,"},{"startTime":1429.4450000000002,"endTime":1434.255,"body":"more in a way of legitimately just making"},{"startTime":1434.255,"endTime":1438.4550000000002,"body":"life easier, while also at the same time,"},{"startTime":1434.255,"endTime":1438.4550000000002,"body":"helping us to manage the environment in a"},{"startTime":1438.4550000000002,"endTime":1440.565,"body":"way that's not destructive or distracting."},{"startTime":1440.6550000000002,"endTime":1441.1250000000002,"body":"So I think, uh."},{"startTime":1441.88,"endTime":1446.15,"body":"A future world is going to be rooted"},{"startTime":1441.88,"endTime":1446.15,"body":"in us reconsidering how we think of"},{"startTime":1446.15,"endTime":1449.71,"body":"our relationship to each other and our"},{"startTime":1446.15,"endTime":1449.71,"body":"responsibility to each other, but also"},{"startTime":1449.71,"endTime":1454.2900000000002,"body":"one in which we use technology with our"},{"startTime":1449.71,"endTime":1454.2900000000002,"body":"primary focus is not necessarily strictly"},{"startTime":1454.2900000000002,"endTime":1460.9,"body":"for extractivist reasons or approaches,"},{"startTime":1454.2900000000002,"endTime":1460.9,"body":"but also for how we use technology to"},{"startTime":1460.9,"endTime":1464.96,"body":"make our lives better, to make things more"},{"startTime":1460.9,"endTime":1464.96,"body":"equitable, to make things more accessible."},{"startTime":1465.14,"endTime":1468.1100000000001,"body":"And I think that is a"},{"startTime":1465.14,"endTime":1468.1100000000001,"body":"shift strictly in its."},{"startTime":1469.095,"endTime":1472.7150000000001,"body":"I think technology currently, while"},{"startTime":1469.095,"endTime":1472.7150000000001,"body":"that is certainly a component of it, is"},{"startTime":1472.755,"endTime":1477.4750000000001,"body":"through the lens of acquiring capital and"},{"startTime":1472.755,"endTime":1477.4750000000001,"body":"making a few people very wealthy, right?"},{"startTime":1477.555,"endTime":1481.7450000000001,"body":"There has been a enormous growth in"},{"startTime":1477.555,"endTime":1481.7450000000001,"body":"wealth in the tech billionaires currently."},{"startTime":1482.015,"endTime":1484.795,"body":"Most wealth, I think, doubled"},{"startTime":1482.015,"endTime":1484.795,"body":"in the past three years, maybe?"},{"startTime":1484.9950000000001,"endTime":1487.6850000000002,"body":"I think in a perfect world, there"},{"startTime":1484.9950000000001,"endTime":1487.6850000000002,"body":"wouldn't be that level of gross"},{"startTime":1487.6850000000002,"endTime":1490.2350000000001,"body":"inequality, and there would be"},{"startTime":1487.6850000000002,"endTime":1490.2350000000001,"body":"a greater sense of connectivity"},{"startTime":1490.2350000000001,"endTime":1491.595,"body":"and responsibility to influence."},{"startTime":1492.1950000000002,"endTime":1496.115,"body":"I profoundly believe that we"},{"startTime":1492.1950000000002,"endTime":1496.115,"body":"can solve all of our problems."},{"startTime":1496.265,"endTime":1497.305,"body":"It's really a matter of priority."},{"startTime":1497.9350000000002,"endTime":1502.065,"body":"In a perfect world, I think we would"},{"startTime":1497.9350000000002,"endTime":1502.065,"body":"more prioritize these kind of social"},{"startTime":1502.2350000000001,"endTime":1504.1650000000002,"body":"and environmental problems, right?"},{"startTime":1504.285,"endTime":1506.9850000000001,"body":"So it's not really a matter of can"},{"startTime":1504.285,"endTime":1506.9850000000001,"body":"we do it, it's a matter of whether"},{"startTime":1506.9850000000001,"endTime":1508.005,"body":"or not we have the will to do it."},{"startTime":1508.2250000000001,"endTime":1512.525,"body":"I think a perfect world we have shifted"},{"startTime":1508.2250000000001,"endTime":1512.525,"body":"to a more social and cultural awareness"},{"startTime":1512.525,"endTime":1516.775,"body":"of each other, and that shift will then"},{"startTime":1512.525,"endTime":1516.775,"body":"lead to changes in how we approach the"},{"startTime":1516.8750000000002,"endTime":1521.8950000000002,"body":"use of technology, and changes in the"},{"startTime":1516.8750000000002,"endTime":1521.8950000000002,"body":"way in which we live in the environment."},{"startTime":1522.1200000000001,"endTime":1523.98,"body":"And how we live socially and culturally."},{"startTime":1524.0000000000002,"endTime":1528.3300000000002,"body":"So in a perfect world, we move away from"},{"startTime":1524.0000000000002,"endTime":1528.3300000000002,"body":"thinking of extracting constant growth"},{"startTime":1528.5300000000002,"endTime":1534.8400000000001,"body":"and more towards a sustainability, slower"},{"startTime":1528.5300000000002,"endTime":1534.8400000000001,"body":"paced, rooted around caring for each"},{"startTime":1534.8400000000001,"endTime":1538.2600000000002,"body":"other, the environment, and figuring"},{"startTime":1534.8400000000001,"endTime":1538.2600000000002,"body":"out ways we can use all of our resources"},{"startTime":1538.2600000000002,"endTime":1542.8400000000001,"body":"to solve these very large and complex"},{"startTime":1538.2600000000002,"endTime":1542.8400000000001,"body":"problems in a way that is humanizing."},{"startTime":1543.13,"endTime":1545.3500000000001,"body":"To me, I think that is one"},{"startTime":1543.13,"endTime":1545.3500000000001,"body":"of the more perfect world."},{"startTime":1545.69,"endTime":1548.9,"body":"I like how profound that was, and"},{"startTime":1545.69,"endTime":1548.9,"body":"I also like that it caught you off"},{"startTime":1548.93,"endTime":1551.69,"body":"guard, and so I'm gonna cut you"},{"startTime":1548.93,"endTime":1551.69,"body":"off guard again with another one."},{"startTime":1552.0400000000002,"endTime":1554.0500000000002,"body":"What was in your 2024 bingo card?"},{"startTime":1554.24,"endTime":1556.5600000000002,"body":"Yeah, lots of stuff was in my bingo card."},{"startTime":1556.63,"endTime":1558.15,"body":"Yeah, a lot of things, I would say."},{"startTime":1558.2800000000002,"endTime":1561.5900000000001,"body":"Yeah, so many things have happened"},{"startTime":1558.2800000000002,"endTime":1561.5900000000001,"body":"in the past year, in the current"},{"startTime":1561.5900000000001,"endTime":1564.5100000000002,"body":"time, so I think it's something"},{"startTime":1561.5900000000001,"endTime":1564.5100000000002,"body":"that is actually really fascinating."},{"startTime":1564.7450000000001,"endTime":1568.3950000000002,"body":"Okay, staying in the spirit of deep"},{"startTime":1564.7450000000001,"endTime":1568.3950000000002,"body":"learning and machine learning, I did"},{"startTime":1568.3950000000002,"endTime":1571.335,"body":"not have, I don't know if any of you"},{"startTime":1568.3950000000002,"endTime":1571.335,"body":"had a chance to play with some of"},{"startTime":1571.335,"endTime":1573.4850000000001,"body":"these models like Sora made by OpenAI."},{"startTime":1573.515,"endTime":1575.9350000000002,"body":"I did not have them being"},{"startTime":1573.515,"endTime":1575.9350000000002,"body":"that good on my bingo card."},{"startTime":1576.045,"endTime":1578.4850000000001,"body":"It's a little concerning"},{"startTime":1576.045,"endTime":1578.4850000000001,"body":"for ethics reasons."},{"startTime":1578.525,"endTime":1580.3750000000002,"body":"So I don't know if you"},{"startTime":1578.525,"endTime":1580.3750000000002,"body":"guys know what Sora is."},{"startTime":1580.575,"endTime":1585.005,"body":"It's a text to video model, so it's a"},{"startTime":1580.575,"endTime":1585.005,"body":"generative model that takes A text prompt"},{"startTime":1585.2150000000001,"endTime":1590.835,"body":"and it's able to generate videos that are"},{"startTime":1585.2150000000001,"endTime":1590.835,"body":"really quite good and convincing enough."},{"startTime":1591.035,"endTime":1594.2150000000001,"body":"Where they were like two years ago"},{"startTime":1591.035,"endTime":1594.2150000000001,"body":"was nowhere near how good it is now."},{"startTime":1594.2250000000001,"endTime":1597.055,"body":"Like the rate at which they're"},{"startTime":1594.2250000000001,"endTime":1597.055,"body":"improving is a bit concerning."},{"startTime":1597.1350000000002,"endTime":1600.575,"body":"If you guys have elderly parents"},{"startTime":1597.1350000000002,"endTime":1600.575,"body":"or grandparents or the youth are"},{"startTime":1600.595,"endTime":1604.315,"body":"easily deceived by fake videos,"},{"startTime":1600.595,"endTime":1604.315,"body":"things that are simply not real,"},{"startTime":1604.325,"endTime":1605.4750000000001,"body":"it makes that a lot easier."},{"startTime":1605.565,"endTime":1607.6850000000002,"body":"So I did not anticipate"},{"startTime":1605.565,"endTime":1607.6850000000002,"body":"it being that good."},{"startTime":1608.265,"endTime":1610.845,"body":"That quickly considering where"},{"startTime":1608.265,"endTime":1610.845,"body":"they were, it feels like we are"},{"startTime":1610.845,"endTime":1612.7050000000002,"body":"in the midst of multiple shifts."},{"startTime":1612.765,"endTime":1615.1350000000002,"body":"And so it's really hard"},{"startTime":1612.765,"endTime":1615.1350000000002,"body":"to predict outcomes."},{"startTime":1615.365,"endTime":1616.4150000000002,"body":"I didn't have that."},{"startTime":1616.555,"endTime":1618.525,"body":"These major shifts on my bingo card."},{"startTime":1618.525,"endTime":1619.325,"body":"I did not have."},{"startTime":1619.355,"endTime":1619.6350000000002,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1619.6350000000002,"endTime":1621.4350000000002,"body":"So many things have"},{"startTime":1619.6350000000002,"endTime":1621.4350000000002,"body":"happened in the last year."},{"startTime":1622.515,"endTime":1623.055,"body":"Here we go."},{"startTime":1624.755,"endTime":1625.045,"body":"Oh my God."},{"startTime":1625.045,"endTime":1628.305,"body":"I can't wait to see what this means"},{"startTime":1625.045,"endTime":1628.305,"body":"from a technical perspective and"},{"startTime":1628.315,"endTime":1629.8750000000002,"body":"what that would look like for us."},{"startTime":1629.8950000000002,"endTime":1630.4150000000002,"body":"So yeah."},{"startTime":1630.845,"endTime":1632.1450000000002,"body":"I'm glad I chipped into that."},{"startTime":1632.1450000000002,"endTime":1633.6650000000002,"body":"I'm so excited about that topic."},{"startTime":1633.785,"endTime":1635.505,"body":"So I think we're going"},{"startTime":1633.785,"endTime":1635.505,"body":"to, we'll wrap it up."},{"startTime":1635.505,"endTime":1639.355,"body":"Thank you so much, Abraham, for having"},{"startTime":1635.505,"endTime":1639.355,"body":"this conversation, coming to the board."},{"startTime":1639.3950000000002,"endTime":1642.9750000000001,"body":"I think for our audience, you've had"},{"startTime":1639.3950000000002,"endTime":1642.9750000000001,"body":"a view of what it looks like when tech"},{"startTime":1642.9950000000001,"endTime":1647.1350000000002,"body":"and history converge, and we've seen"},{"startTime":1642.9950000000001,"endTime":1647.1350000000002,"body":"powerful use cases that are historical,"},{"startTime":1647.1650000000002,"endTime":1651.6200000000001,"body":"but resonate with us, Currently in"},{"startTime":1647.1650000000002,"endTime":1651.6200000000001,"body":"but we identify with our stories"},{"startTime":1651.65,"endTime":1655.7800000000002,"body":"tracking where we've come from, our"},{"startTime":1651.65,"endTime":1655.7800000000002,"body":"roots and where tech sits within that."},{"startTime":1656.0200000000002,"endTime":1657.7500000000002,"body":"Once again, thank you so much, Dr."},{"startTime":1657.98,"endTime":1662.2500000000002,"body":"Liddell for coming forward and we"},{"startTime":1657.98,"endTime":1662.2500000000002,"body":"definitely look forward to hearing more"},{"startTime":1662.2500000000002,"endTime":1665.5000000000002,"body":"from you and following you as well or"},{"startTime":1662.2500000000002,"endTime":1665.5000000000002,"body":"this and following your work as well."},{"startTime":1665.71,"endTime":1666.5400000000002,"body":"So yeah, thank you."},{"startTime":1667.0200000000002,"endTime":1667.8400000000001,"body":"so much for having"},{"startTime":1667.8400000000001,"endTime":1668.006,"body":"me."},{"startTime":1668.97,"endTime":1673.2600000000002,"body":"If you enjoyed this episode and want"},{"startTime":1668.97,"endTime":1673.2600000000002,"body":"to learn more about Northstar of GIS,"},{"startTime":1673.44,"endTime":1678.5800000000002,"body":"check us out on Facebook, Instagram,"},{"startTime":1673.44,"endTime":1678.5800000000002,"body":"and YouTube at GIS Northstar."},{"startTime":1678.66,"endTime":1683.66,"body":"We want to thank our sponsors of the"},{"startTime":1678.66,"endTime":1683.66,"body":"2024 Homecoming event, our institutional"},{"startTime":1683.66,"endTime":1690.2600000000002,"body":"partner ReGrid, and our sponsors New Light"},{"startTime":1683.66,"endTime":1690.2600000000002,"body":"Technology, Afrotech, and Black at Work."},{"startTime":1690.5200000000002,"endTime":1695.6000000000001,"body":"We'd like to thank our keynotes, Tara"},{"startTime":1690.5200000000002,"endTime":1695.6000000000001,"body":"Roberts, Linda Harris, Dr. Paulette"},{"startTime":1695.6100000000001,"endTime":1698.7800000000002,"body":"Hines Brown, and Vernice Miller Travis."},{"startTime":1699.13,"endTime":1702.18,"body":"We'd like to thank Howard"},{"startTime":1699.13,"endTime":1702.18,"body":"University and the staff at the"},{"startTime":1702.18,"endTime":1707.24,"body":"Interdisciplinary Building and"},{"startTime":1702.18,"endTime":1707.24,"body":"Photography by Imagery by Chioma."},{"startTime":1707.5800000000002,"endTime":1710.8000000000002,"body":"We also want to thank our guests"},{"startTime":1707.5800000000002,"endTime":1710.8000000000002,"body":"for trusting us with their stories."},{"startTime":1711.21,"endTime":1718.15,"body":"Tara, Linda, Paulette, Christian, Abraham,"},{"startTime":1711.21,"endTime":1718.15,"body":"Jason, Vernice, Stella, Beye, Karen."},{"startTime":1718.43,"endTime":1724.8200000000002,"body":"Nikki, George, Frank, Labdi,"},{"startTime":1718.43,"endTime":1724.8200000000002,"body":"Toussaint, Victoria, and the HBCU"},{"startTime":1724.8400000000001,"endTime":1727.49,"body":"Environmental Justice Technical Team."},{"startTime":1727.7900000000002,"endTime":1732.45,"body":"And finally, thank you to the North"},{"startTime":1727.7900000000002,"endTime":1732.45,"body":"Star team and our wonderful volunteers."},{"startTime":1732.7500000000002,"endTime":1736.41,"body":"We are your hosts of the Season 2 of the"},{"startTime":1732.7500000000002,"endTime":1736.41,"body":"North Staggers Podcast, which is based"},{"startTime":1736.48,"endTime":1739.4,"body":"on the 2024 Homecoming Conference event."},{"startTime":1744.035,"endTime":1748.3950000000002,"body":"Thanks for listening to the North Star"},{"startTime":1744.035,"endTime":1748.3950000000002,"body":"Gaze, intimate stories from geoluminaries."},{"startTime":1749.1550000000002,"endTime":1752.4150000000002,"body":"If you're inspired to advance"},{"startTime":1749.1550000000002,"endTime":1752.4150000000002,"body":"racial justice in geofields,"},{"startTime":1752.755,"endTime":1755.9850000000001,"body":"please share this podcast with"},{"startTime":1752.755,"endTime":1755.9850000000001,"body":"other listeners in your community."},{"startTime":1757.6450000000002,"endTime":1761.605,"body":"The intro and outro are produced"},{"startTime":1757.6450000000002,"endTime":1761.605,"body":"by Organized Sound Productions with"},{"startTime":1761.605,"endTime":1764.1350000000002,"body":"original music created by Kid Bodega."},{"startTime":1764.7450000000001,"endTime":1769.3850000000002,"body":"The North Star Gaze is produced in"},{"startTime":1764.7450000000001,"endTime":1769.3850000000002,"body":"large part by donations and sponsorship."},{"startTime":1769.865,"endTime":1775.2900000000002,"body":"To learn more about North Star GIS, Check"},{"startTime":1769.865,"endTime":1775.2900000000002,"body":"us out at north star of gis.org and on"},{"startTime":1775.2900000000002,"endTime":1778.6200000000001,"body":"Facebook or Instagram at GIS North Star."},{"startTime":1779.5200000000002,"endTime":1783.5100000000002,"body":"If you'd like to support this podcast"},{"startTime":1779.5200000000002,"endTime":1783.5100000000002,"body":"and North Star of gis, consider"},{"startTime":1783.5100000000002,"endTime":1791.6100000000001,"body":"donating at North star of gis.org/donate"},{"startTime":1783.5100000000002,"endTime":1791.6100000000001,"body":"or to sponsor this podcast, email"},{"startTime":1791.6100000000001,"endTime":1794.3400000000001,"body":"podcast at north star of gis.org."},{"startTime":1795.66,"endTime":1797.9750000000001,"body":"You've been listening"},{"startTime":1795.66,"endTime":1797.9750000000001,"body":"to the North Star Gaze."}]}