Managing Late-Season Cotton Challenges

The Georgia cotton crop is racing toward harvest with 21% of bolls already opening—about 5% ahead of the five-year average. This early September period brings ideal "cotton weather" with cool mornings in the high 60s and daytime temperatures around 90°F, creating perfect conditions for final boll development without the stress of extreme heat.

For most fields planted before mid-June, the irrigation season has ended. Water requirements drop significantly by week 18 after planting, and recent rainfall has helped many fields reach adequate soil moisture levels. Unless dealing with unusually late-planted cotton or areas that missed precipitation, growers can confidently terminate irrigation and focus on harvest preparation.

With cotton opening early and peanut harvest approaching simultaneously, equipment readiness becomes critical. Now is the perfect time to perform maintenance on cotton pickers—checking spindles for wear, inspecting doffer pads, and ensuring all systems are properly greased. Taking advantage of current favorable weather for maintenance will prevent costly delays when optimal harvest windows arrive.

Late-season pest pressure presents significant challenges across Georgia's cotton belt. Plant bugs continue causing problems in western counties, while whitefly populations have surged, particularly where harsh chemistry has been applied for other pests. Most concerning is the widespread presence of the cotton jassid, especially in eastern Georgia counties following what appears to be Hurricane Helene's path from last season.

These jassids cause distinctive yellowing along leaf margins resembling potassium deficiency, with damage progressing quickly as photosynthetic capacity decreases. Current management recommendations include a threshold that can be obtained through your local UGA Count Extension Agent, though many recommendations continue evolving as researchers gather more data. 

Timely defoliation becomes not just a harvest preparation strategy but an exit from ongoing pest management challenges. With cotton prices around 60 cents per pound, quality preservation through prompt harvest after defoliation will maximize returns in a challenging market environment.

Join us for upcoming field days on September 3rd at Lane Farm in Tifton and September 23rd in Watkinsville to learn more about navigating these late-season decisions for optimal yield and quality outcomes.

Chapters

• 0:00 Crop Update and Harvest Readiness
• 3:14 Equipment Maintenance for Cotton Harvest
• 8:43 Irrigation Decisions for Maturing Cotton
• 13:18 Plant Bugs and Whiteflies Update
• 19:38 Jassid Management and Thresholds
• 31:01 Patterns of Jassid Spread and Impact
• 37:50 Upcoming Field Days and Final Notes