Maximizing Cotton Yield: The Drought, Defoliation, and Cover Crop Connection

The cotton crop is moving fast in Georgia this year. With 76% of the crop having open bolls—13% ahead of the five-year average—growers are making critical end-of-season decisions while planning for what comes next.

Drought conditions since Labor Day weekend have created unique irrigation management challenges. The UGA cotton team discusses the surprising discovery that many fields have adequate moisture in shallow soil layers but are bone dry below 12 inches. This deep moisture depletion could impact yields as plants can't access their usual "bank" of water reserves. The team addresses whether irrigating cotton that's already 20-30% open is worthwhile, and when it's simply wasting money. Their practical advice: if you're seeing 60% open bolls, it's time to shut off the water regardless of leaf appearance.

Interestingly, early-planted cotton (April-May) has performed exceptionally well this season. The dry conditions arrived just as these crops were finishing, preventing the boll rot that typically plagues early plantings. Some dryland cotton planted in mid-April is yielding 1500-1600 pounds—a testament to perfect timing between crop development and weather patterns.

The conversation shifts to cover crop planning as harvest approaches. Dr. Singleton explains how cover crops do more than just prevent erosion—they improve water infiltration, suppress weeds, and build organic matter over time. The team discusses how even tiny amounts of soil loss add up dramatically (a 1/32 inch loss across an acre equals five tons of soil), making cover crops a crucial investment despite their upfront cost. They explore options for fitting various cover crop species into tight rotation windows, particularly when following cotton with corn.

The episode concludes with practical advice on defoliating drought-stressed cotton and managing cotton damaged by jassids, emphasizing the importance of timing to avoid stuck leaves and other harvest complications.

Ready to protect your soil, maximize your irrigation efficiency, and set up next season for success? Listen now for research-backed strategies that balance immediate needs with long-term sustainability.

Chapters

• 0:08 Cotton Production and Pest Management Introduction
• 3:39 Early Cotton Harvest and Crop Progress
• 10:44 Drought Conditions and Irrigation Management
• 22:36 Soil Moisture Depletion Issues
• 32:19 Cover Crops Benefits and Planning
• 43:09 Soil Erosion and Conservation Strategies
• 51:31 Defoliation and Pest Management Recommendations