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The Hacker's Cache
The show that decrypts the secrets of offensive cybersecurity, one byte at a time. Every week I invite you into the world of ethical hacking by interviewing leading offensive security practitioners. If you are a penetration tester, bug bounty hunter, red teamer, or blue teamer who wants to better understand the modern hacker mindset, whether you are new or experienced, this show is for you.
The Hacker's Cache
#67 Living Outside the U.S.? Here’s How to Get Into Cybersecurity Anyway ft. Bhanu Reddy
In this episode of The Hacker’s Cache, Kyser Clark sits down with cybersecurity professional and entrepreneur Bhanu Reddy to talk about how to start a cybersecurity career from anywhere in the world, even if you live outside the U.S. or in a developing country. Bhanu shares his real journey from India to the United States, including how he passed the OSCP certification, landed cybersecurity jobs, and launched an AI startup. They discuss visas, networking, education paths, certifications, and how to get remote cybersecurity jobs abroad. Whether you’re in Africa, Asia, or anywhere outside the U.S., this conversation will show you that breaking into cybersecurity is possible from anywhere with the right mindset and strategy.
Connect with Bhanu Reddy on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/avahack/
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Attention Listeners: This content is strictly for educational purposes, emphasizing ETHICAL and LEGAL hacking only. I do not, and will NEVER, condone the act of illegally hacking into computer systems and networks for any reason. My goal is to foster cybersecurity awareness and responsible digital behavior. Please behave responsibly and adhere to legal and ethical standards in your use of this information.
Opinions are my own and may not represent the positions of my employer.
[Kyser Clark]
"Is there any hope for me who lives in a poor country in Africa to break into this field?" So what would you say to someone who's outside the U.S. and feels like the odds are stacked against them?
[Bhanu Reddy]
Just start by listening to some YouTube courses or some Udemy courses. After some point you will know like what you have to do. You have to learn programming, Linux, working, and then that's how you start.
And then once you are there, do you want a degree or some certifications. That's the way to enter into the U.S. as well. So they come on a student visa and then do some certifications.
Once you are there, then networking. It's absolutely the right way to get into the industry.
[Kyser Clark]
Welcome to The Hacker's Cache, the show that decrypts the secrets of cybersecurity one bite at a time. I'm your host, Kyser Clark, and today I have Bhanu Reddy, who is a cybersecurity professional and entrepreneur with expertise in penetration testing and network security. An OSCP and Security Plus holder, he has trained students worldwide, co-founded training programs, and built Cache to Flag labs.
Today he mentors aspiring professionals, shares his journey through career challenges, and is launching Nomo Toys, an AI startup. So Bhanu, thank you so much for joining me on the show. Go ahead and introduce yourself to the audience and unpack some of your experience.
[Bhanu Reddy]
Thank you, Kyser. So my journey towards the cybersecurity started from my college. So I did my undergrad in mining engineering, which is completely different.
Then I was there, I met with the cyber attack. Then I started digging like how it happened, why it happened, a lot of my curiosity. That's how I got into cybersecurity.
Then I did some certifications and courses such as Security Plus. Later I did my master's in the U.S. in cybersecurity, and then I did my OSCP, and then I worked some places. Then I started my own cybersecurity startup in the U.S. Then later on I got a better idea. Then I started Nomo Toys.
[Kyser Clark]
Yeah, so what is Nomo Toys? I mean AI toys, I mean I'm not in the toy world. I've been an adult for a while now.
I don't have any kids. So AI toys sounds really interesting to me. So what is Nomo Toys and what excites you about it?
[Bhanu Reddy]
So Nomo Toys is basically interactive toys, which is by using generative AI. So we have charge GPT. Let's say it gives only text output.
For kids, they need a friend or a teacher or a guide or a tutor sometimes. Then that way they can communicate with the toys and they can learn better and then interact better. That way they don't have these type of classes and they will not have any social anxiety or anything like that.
So by improving their communication skills and stuff in the future, I thought it would be a big problem and then this way I can solve it better. So that's why I came up with this idea and then I actually tried on some kids by using how their response and stuff. I'm still working on it.
[Kyser Clark]
With the AI being in the toys, what kind of security issues as a security professional are you concerned about? Bring in the security aspect to it. What are the top concerns with security and how are you testing that?
[Bhanu Reddy]
So the top concerns is when they go beyond some point, let's say prompt injections. So this way they can do voice prompt injections. Let's say, hey, how can I make a bomb?
If AI responds how to make a bomb, that's going to be a big problem for me and for them as well in the future. So I don't want to have those kind of issues. So what I was doing is I'm not training at all anything related to the part or anything related to data.
So the toys I was designing is two types. One is local, so that will respond whatever the data it has inside the device. So it don't connect to the internet.
And then another toy that I was doing is that will connect to the internet and then talks about trending searches and then trending data available on the internet. So I was not trying to include any data like what's unnecessary in that part.
[Kyser Clark]
Yeah, that's good. And you know, I wish more toy manufacturers and like IoT manufacturers are founded by security professionals, because that's like at the forefront of your mind, I'd imagine. So yeah, because a lot of these a lot of these companies who make devices, like they got good ideas, but they don't know how to secure them.
And it's a problem that I've seen or heard some other toys that like collect children's data in like it gets leaked out on the dark web because it wasn't secured, you know, so that's really good that you're paying attention to that. And yeah, that sounds really cool and interesting. Thank you guys.
So I have a juicy conversation popping up. But before we before we get into it, I want to get into the rapid fire questions. And they're out fire questions for those who are new to the show.
Bonnie will have 40 seconds answer five questions, answers all five questions. In 40 seconds, we'll get a bonus six question unrelated to cybersecurity. So Bonnie, are you ready for security matters?
I think I called around fire questions. That's what they used to be called. They're technically called security models, basically the same thing, just slightly different.
They're like filling blank questions. So are you ready?
[Bhanu Reddy]
Yep. Let's start it.
[Kyser Clark]
All right, here we go. Your time will start as soon as I'm asking the first question.
[Bhanu Reddy]
Okay.
[Kyser Clark]
My advice to anyone failing their OSCP is, is try harder. Next time my red team kit always includes Flipper0. A tool I thought was useless, but now I love is, hmm, that's Metasploit.
The worst interview question I've ever seen was, explain why we stopped playing in the series. My ideal CTF teammate would be someone who, Heath Adams. We hit 49 seconds.
So no bonus question. But I think you misunderstood the first question. Or sorry, that last question.
It was, I was looking for a trait, not a particular person. Um, do you want to take another stab at that one?
[Bhanu Reddy]
So what's the question again? Sorry.
[Kyser Clark]
My ideal CTF teammate would be someone who does what? Who does a trait?
[Bhanu Reddy]
Modular analysis. Sorry, reverse engineering.
[Kyser Clark]
Although Heath Adams would be a good CTF teammate. Let's be honest. Okay.
Well, your most interesting response, it took you a while to say it, but it's my advice to anyone failing their OSCP is try harder. I'm laughing because it's like, bro, that's, that's how you do it. That is how you do it.
And no one likes to admit it and no one likes it, but that's how you do it. And I never failed OSCP, but I failed OSWA three times. And guess what?
I tried harder and I eventually won. Yeah. So do you have any other advice for OSCP takers or people who's failed their OSCP?
[Bhanu Reddy]
So all I would say is never give up. So when I was taking my OSCP for the first 12 hours, I didn't find any flag or anything. I wasn't disappointed or anything.
I still have 24 hours. So I didn't give up. Then I started like what's missing.
And then I connected the dots, then all of them put together. Then finally passed the test. Finally able to find four missions.
I was able to compromise active directory and two more missions. Got 80 points just to pass the exam. And I also solved all the labs.
Solving all the labs would help you actually gain more knowledge and then think out of the box how you can solve the labs in general.
[Kyser Clark]
I was going to ask, can you tell the audience when you passed your OSCP? When did you do that?
[Bhanu Reddy]
So I passed my OSCP in 2024, June I think. Yeah, June as far as I remember. So it's pretty interesting.
[Kyser Clark]
It would have been right before they changed it.
[Bhanu Reddy]
Yeah.
[Kyser Clark]
Okay. So no OSCP plus for you?
[Bhanu Reddy]
No OSCP plus, unfortunately.
[Kyser Clark]
Yeah, that's like, cause yeah, cause I got OSCP two years before OSCP plus came out. You got it like a few months and yeah, it's like, it's so frustrating. You're like, man, I don't have the plus, but I passed this.
You know, I did the same amount of work. But yeah. So did you fail?
Did you fail? Or did you pass on your first try?
[Bhanu Reddy]
Yeah, I passed on my first try.
[Kyser Clark]
And you had no flags after 12 hours?
[Bhanu Reddy]
No flags at all.
[Kyser Clark]
Oh, that's crazy, bro. 12 hours straight with no flags.
[Bhanu Reddy]
Yeah.
[Kyser Clark]
You gotta be, that's called, man, I love it. Let's try harder. Cause like, dude, I'd be losing my mind.
I would be losing my mind after four hours with no flags.
[Bhanu Reddy]
Same thing for me. So I slept like four hours. So first eight hours I tried continuously.
And then four hours I slept without having, without thinking about anything. Then I woke up with a fresh mind and then I started it there. I did it.
[Kyser Clark]
That's sick. I like that. I like that a lot.
Yeah. I don't know, dude, I honestly have no idea when I found my first flag on my OSCP cause I passed my first time as well. I don't even remember how many hours it took me to get my first one, but it took me at least two or three, at least.
It took me two or three, 17 hours for the whole exam.
[Bhanu Reddy]
Another interesting part that I would add is meditate. Meditation comes into play at the time for me. Then I always think calm and then fresh.
So I meditate a lot. So that really helped me at the time.
[Kyser Clark]
That's good advice. And that's good wisdom because, cause I feel, as I mentioned earlier, I failed OSWA, which is the web app version of OSCP. I like to consider it like the cousin of OSCP.
Failed it three times, passed my fourth try. And the funny thing is when I, I haven't, I haven't told a story yet. I don't think on the podcast.
I have said I have failed it three times, but I haven't said this particular part. So when I, the day before the exam, we were having our Thanksgiving dinner as a family because I purposely scheduled the exam on a day that wasn't Thanksgiving. But apparently my mom had to work on Thanksgiving and my, so we had to have Thanksgiving like way earlier than, than we should have.
And, uh, so we are having a Thanksgiving dinner and I stay up to like one 30 in the morning, like before my exam and my exam started at like 7am sharp. Cause I like to start the exam as soon as possible. And, and I was just being dumb because I don't know why, but I still to like one in the morning at my parents' house, which is like a 15 minute drive from my apartment at the time.
And yeah, I was literally watching my dad play video games, like playing, watching him play Madden and talking to him. It was cause I, cause I don't spend a lot of time with my family. So when you get together, like, I'm like, Oh, I'm gonna make the most of it.
And I foolishly stayed up to one in the morning. So I woke up at like six 30 in the morning, you know, and I had five and a half hours of sleep, which isn't really a lot of time for, for that much demanding critical thinking. So I woke up at six 30, got ready for the exam at seven and I spent like 45 minutes.
It's like doing my enumeration and just trying to figure it out. I'm like, dude, screw this. I am tired.
I'm going to take a nap. I'm not, I'm kidding. Took a nap at seven 45 in the morning, 45 minutes after I started the exam and I slept till noon, till noon, till noon.
And then I woke up, got a snack, got my, got some food in me and then absolutely crushed the exam. So you said meditate. I'm not a big meditator.
Actually, I've never meditated, but I took a nap in my exam and you'd be surprised how well that works.
[Bhanu Reddy]
Yeah, of course. So when you had enough rest, then you'll think out of the box or you can think peacefully. So that way you can concentrate on what you have to do.
Even it's not only the OACP exam or anything, any exam or any work, even your working company. So if you don't have enough rest, you can't focus. So recently I saw a video, not a video, a blog.
Someone has died in the office at Microsoft by working more hours.
[Kyser Clark]
Yeah, I heard about that. Was it Microsoft?
[Bhanu Reddy]
Yeah, it's Microsoft. So that guy is 32 years old. So based on the blog that I was saying, he used to work a lot and then go to office every day and then all of a sudden he's dead.
I couldn't believe it. So yeah, all I would say is take rest and do something with the innovation Yeah, good advice.
[Kyser Clark]
So I do subscribe to the Hostile Culture and I get a lot of flack for it, but I really don't care because I like to work. I'm a workaholic. But there's times where I'm like, dude, I'm tired.
I'm going to go to sleep. And then I wake up and I knock it out of the park, like the lab or the exam or whatever it is. I recently did a live stream and that was one of the things I thought was like, if you get good rest, man, you can have some really good late night sessions too.
OK, so moving back into our main discussion here. So before we before we linked up on this recording, one of the notes you sent me was your you like to talk about kind of like surviving from outside the US. And that's I'm really glad you you mentioned that because someone just commented, I mean, like a couple of hours ago on a video.
Now, by the time this episode releases, it's going to be like a whole week. But someone asked this question and I feel like you would be better to help with help this person out because I'm in the US and you're not. So he said or she said, is there any hope for me who lives in a poor country in Africa to break in to this field?
So what would you say to someone who's outside the US and feels like the odds are stacked against them?
[Bhanu Reddy]
So I would say absolutely, absolutely yes, because everybody can break into cybersecurity even without having any degree or anything. Then you can just start by listening some YouTube courses or some Udemy courses and then start your journey like that. After some point, you will know like what you have to do.
You have to learn programming, Linux, working, and then that's how you start. And then once you are there, do you want a degree or some certifications? Some people like to choose degrees or certifications.
Then in their point of view, that's a good idea. Then that's how they started. So that's a way to enter into the US as well.
So they come on a student visa and then do some certifications. And education is too expensive in the US. You should consider that part as well until unless you get a scholarship.
So once you are there, then networking. It's absolutely the right way to get into the industry or meet people. And so once you're in the college and doing certifications, by sitting alone, you don't get anything.
You have to do some blogs or interacting with people and meet your college professors like, hey, this is what I'm doing. This is what I'm passionate about. If they're interested in anything similar or do work with them and then do some research like what they're working on.
So when I was in the college, that's the mistake I did. So I asked professor like, hey, I want to do this. So this is my passion about penetration testing and red teaming.
So nobody was interested in red teaming or penetration testing. That means I picked the wrong college. See, so pick me a right college and then right professors you want to work with.
It's not only about your PhD or anything. You can still do the same thing with your master's. So once you got connections and everything, it's easy to get into the industry.
So you have a professor who's working in penetration testing. Absolutely. He might have some connections or anything.
He can refer you to those positions and then that way people like to take chance on you. If you're by yourself doing like absolutely nothing without networking, it's going to be very tough situation for you.
[Kyser Clark]
Yeah, that's good advice. You say come over on a visa. I mean, I have no idea how that works.
So how does that work and like what do you got to do to make that happen?
[Bhanu Reddy]
Okay. So that's a good question. So to get into the US, you had to write an IELTS exam, which you need to get at least 7.5 on a band out of I think nine. Yeah. So I think nine. So once you get into 7.5, I didn't write the GRE, which is kind of SAT or something similar. So I didn't write GRE. I just applied with my scores and my certifications, my passion towards and then I put everything in a document. So it's called SOP, statement of purpose.
So I put everything on that. Then I applied. I got rejections from four universities and the two universities got accepted.
One is New York State University and then University of Maryland, Baltimore County. So I did my masters over there. Then yeah.
So once you complete your education, you get three years to stay in the US. So in the first 90 days, you had to get a job. Which is paid or unpaid in the same industry that you wanted to work and which you did your masters in.
So in the 90 days, if you don't get any job, then you had to come back from the US. So most of them will be able to find some unpaid jobs because people don't like to pay. They just want people like to work.
So after getting the job, then you'll have one year to stay, like continue working for them. So after that, so there was something called STEM-OPT, which you get two more years. So here you had to get paid and submit some other documents from the employer.
That way your visa will extend for two more years.
[Kyser Clark]
Yeah. And one thing I'm wondering, so with the advent of remote work, do people even need to come over to the United States? Can they stay in their home country?
How does that work if that's even possible?
[Bhanu Reddy]
So from here, if I want to work for any other US company, they don't prefer to hire me since I work in a remote location. They prefer to hire someone who is already in the US or close to their location. I'm not sure why and how, because anyway, if I want to travel to the US, I can travel to the US.
If they needed me over there, I can. So basically, HRs think out of the box. I can't think like them.
[Kyser Clark]
Nice. Yeah. I mean, yeah, because I don't know much about visas and I'm not an employer.
So I'd imagine from the employer's perspective, at least how I thought, it would be hard to, there's some legalities there, probably some hurdles or some hoops they got to jump to to give people work visas and stuff. And I feel like it's easier just to auto decline people who aren't from the US, especially when there's people in the US here applying for jobs as well. And it is a tough job market, even for a US citizen too.
So I'd imagine it's got to be double or triple the amount of difficult for non-US members. Absolutely true. Now, do people in other countries, do they have to work for a US company?
Are there other countries that are viable options?
[Bhanu Reddy]
Yeah. There are so many options here in India. So let's say Google company over there, and then they have a branch over here, like the subcategory.
And then most of the people like to work for Google, so they can work from here too. So if someone is very talented and then Google company sponsored the visa for them to get to the US and then work for them over there. So there are so many options.
You can even do your freelancing thing. You don't have to work for somebody. You can do bug bounty by yourself.
You can do teaching. You can do contracting, like, hey, I can do this thing. Instead of like, so the way I market myself is like, if you're paying like $50 an hour to somebody, I'll do the same job for you from here for $30 an hour.
So that way they'll think of considering me. So I work for a US company that way with, instead of $50, they like to pay me $30. So I was thinking to start another company like that, hire a few more people and do the same thing that way.
So it would be easier for me and I can still help people to get employed. So that's my main goal idea.
[Kyser Clark]
Interesting. So you take a pay cut and entice people to hire you that way. That makes a lot of sense.
So you've mentored students who landed jobs at places like the Department of Defense and Oracle. So what mistakes do you see candidates making in interviews right now and how can they stand out?
[Bhanu Reddy]
It's an interesting question. So everybody is different. So the guy who was placed in Oracle, so he's a database administrator and he has some knowledge on Linux and like a little bit of networking and then a little bit of everything, but he don't have any clue about cybersecurity.
And so he started his journey like that. And then since he's a database administrator, Oracle prefers someone who knows database as well. So that when he sits for an interview and then they ask some very difficult questions that what he mentioned.
So I asked him like, what did they ask you? Like, so why do you want to switch from database administrator to cybersecurity? He mentioned, I want to work in cybersecurity.
So that's not a good way of saying, so he should be saying like, I have passion towards cybersecurity. That's why I wanted to work for you. Not only work for you, I wanted to like prove myself and like, I can do something better than database administrator into cybersecurity.
That's how he can say. That's a good question. Like in most of the interviews people get, like, why do you want to switch or why do you want to work for us?
They, yeah, that's what I noticed. And then they're also lacking their, let's say, sock roles or pen testing roles. They're not fully prepared to get into the interview.
Some people didn't even show up on the time. So last time when, so for Nomadrise I was hiring somebody, that guy was wearing a shirt with two buttons, without two buttons. And then he was showing his chest, like, hey dude, like, that's not the way you're supposed to show up on the interview.
And then that guy, so he's also cheating on the interview. That's so embarrassing for me, like, ask questions team. So I was asking a question and then he was typing in the Google or whatever.
Then I see here, like, he's typing. Then I stopped the interview. So this is not the way you're supposed to attend for the interview and then prepare well, try better like next time.
That's what, that's the feedback I gave him. So don't do those type of mistakes when you're in the interview. Be honest, like, if you don't know something, like, acknowledge it.
Like, hey, I don't know the topic. So that way they don't ask those type of questions or they'll go to another questions. Yeah.
That's, that's all I would say.
[Kyser Clark]
That's really good advice. And yeah, when, when an employer asks you, you know, why do you want to work here? You should always tie your passion into the company's mission statement in some way, shape or form and say that your, your goals and your, your vision and your interests align with the company.
And then another thing I always said when I was coming out of the military, I would be like, you know, I'll look for the next challenge because I feel stagnant in my current role. And I want to get out of the military. I'm like for my next, my next thing.
And I just have a, a huge passion for cyber security. And I have a huge passion for penetration testing. And I love ethical hacking.
Cause I like thinking like a hacker and I like thinking outside the box and I'm ready for the next challenge. And I'd say something along those lines over and over again, on my interviews. I think it's a good way to plug it.
Like you don't want that database administrator. Like, I think if you just say, yeah, like I feel stuck in my current role. It's becoming, I feel plateaued.
I'm not, I don't feel like I'm growing. I feel like I've mastered it. I'm ready to level up.
I'm ready for the next challenge. I think it's that I think employers like it.
[Bhanu Reddy]
Absolutely.
[Kyser Clark]
And then cheating on interview, bro. No, don't do that. Don't look at stuff.
They can hear you clicking, dude. They can also see looking at the other monitors too. So yeah, you want to, uh, you want to stare at the camera.
It's weird. And it's even hard for me. Someone who does it all the time.
It's weird to stare at the camera because you know, your face is on my monitor and I look down here just like, see your lips moving. But when you talk to the interviewer, you need to stare directly at the camera. Like don't look at the interviewer's interviewer's face.
Look at the camera. And it's very weird, but it's highly effective because it shows that you're really interested in the job. I mean, yeah, so it is unnatural to stare at the camera, but just get used to it, practice doing it and doing it and do it.
Yeah. Those are some good interview tips. Um, yeah, let's go ahead and get in our final question here.
Do you have any additional cybersecurity hot takes or hidden wisdom you'd like to share?
[Bhanu Reddy]
All I would say is keep up with the current trends and then do networking. So by doing, Ben, I mentioned current trends. So if you're sticking with your old team tricks, that won't work nowadays because AI is here.
So you had to co-operate with AI and then how you can implement AI into your working environment or your working methodology. So I recently saw there was a tool for red teaming. So which is combined with the AI that was pretty awesome, which is hacker strike.
So pretty interesting. You install AI in your mission and then just ask question how to do this. And then it will give you what are the commands you need to run and blah, blah, blah.
So that way. So it will be helpful and you can still look at the future and then do more certifications on AI or anything, uh, which can improve your skill and keep up with current trends.
[Kyser Clark]
Great advice. And I do have a follow up question. We do have time for follow up question.
I've been trying to do the final lessons, the final wisdom and not do follow up questions, but we do have time for it. How do you keep current with current trends without getting distracted by the next shiny object? Because it's easy to get off track and off of your vision and chasing the next shiny object.
So how do you balance that?
[Bhanu Reddy]
Okay. So that's a good question. So I don't use any social media other than LinkedIn.
So I don't have Instagram, Facebook. So I don't. So there is no distractions on this side, on the mobile side.
So I always keep my phone in silent. So if I get any important stuff and they'll text me, I look into text. And the other thing that I, as I mentioned earlier, I do meditation so I can focus on what I'm doing.
I can control my emotions. So even let's say my body is itchy. So I don't, so I see that as a feeling.
I'll just acknowledge it. I'll let it go. So after some time, I don't feel anything on my body at all.
Even the pain, the same thing. I can't do anything about my nose. So, so it's cold here and the weather changes so I can't stop breathing.
So, yeah. And then when it comes to current trends, I follow a few people on LinkedIn. So like David Bomber and then Clark and there is some other person that I couldn't recall, but they post very interesting videos and then what are the things you need to do?
What are the things you're not supposed to do? And there was some other website called cyber hacking, cybernews.com, where they post latest trend, which is pretty interesting. There were so many data breaches were happening.
They post everything. So if I miss something and then I also was in the some groups on LinkedIn. So where they post like so much stuff about latest news.
So that's a way to keep up with the current trends. And my meditation always helps one way or another. So I love to be in the peace, peace on your own neck.
So pretty interesting for me.
[Kyser Clark]
Well, Bhanu, thank you so much for your wisdom and your expertise. Where can the audience get ahold of you if they want to connect with you?
[Bhanu Reddy]
So you can connect with me. Everyone can connect with me on LinkedIn. Feel free to check out.
So it's avahacklinkedin.com slash avahack. I can paste the link in the chat as well.
[Kyser Clark]
I'll put it in the description. I always share for every guest. Don't worry about it.
An audience, the best place to get ahold of me is just drop a YouTube comment, ask your questions, leave your comments and your thoughts in the YouTube comments. And if you're on audio or just show five stars would help the show out tremendously and share the show with a friend. Cyber security is a lot better with your friends.
Audience, thank you so much for watching. Thanks for listening. Hopefully I'll see you on the next episode.
Until then, this is Kyser and Bhanu signing off.
[Bhanu Reddy]
Signing out. Bye bye. Thank you.
