
H2Know
ð§ðµð² ðð®ðð»ðŒð: ðªðµð²ð¿ð² ðªð®ðð²ð¿ ðŠð°ð¶ð²ð»ð°ð²ð ð ð®ðžð² ð® ðð¶ðŽ ðŠðµðŒð!
Welcome to H2Know! A journey towards ð±ð²ð²ðœð²ð»ð¶ð»ðŽ ððŒðð¿ ðð»ð±ð²ð¿ððð®ð»ð±ð¶ð»ðŽ ðŒð³ ðð®ðð²ð¿ ð°ðð¹ððð¿ð²ð!
In our very first series, we explore water education from a new lens.. that allows us all to be advocates for this life-giving resource - not through conventional ways, but through ones that ðŽð¿ð®ð¯ ð²ðð²ð¿ððŒð»ð²'ð ð®ððð²ð»ðð¶ðŒð»!
Then, we find our way into our second series, meeting journalists and storytellers who craft ðœðŒðð²ð¿ð³ðð¹ ð»ð®ð¿ð¿ð®ðð¶ðð²ð about this precious resource.
Next, we explore waterâs global impact on international relations through our ðªð®ðð²ð¿ & ðð¶ðœð¹ðŒðºð®ð°ð ðð²ð¿ð¶ð²ð.
Our next stop? ðªð®ðð²ð¿ ð ððð²ððºð! We'll explore real case studies and discover the secrets of building a museum that brings water's cultural significance to life.
This inspiring journey of the ðð®ðð»ðŒð is part of the ðð€ðšðð ðšðŠð project, which aims to facilitate just and sustainable water futures through Water Museums, Digital Media, and the Arts. This project is supported by the Water and Development Partnership Program at IHE-Delft Institute.
Excited to join the journey? Follow ðð®ðð»ðŒð Now on your favorite podcast platforms; Buzzsprout, Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Spotify, and SoundCloud!
H2Know
Tales from Riverbanks
In this special episode of the H2Know - instead of following a scripted narrative - we explore the raw and heartfelt experiences shared by our audience!
Each story connects us to distant shores and ancient traditions, reflecting how the Mighty Nile River serves as the timeless bond uniting us all.
Ready for the inspiring tales from riverbanks? Tune in Now!
Note: People on this episode
-Sherine El-Wattar (Host).
-Salma Alnour (Guest).
-Youssef Osama (Guest).
- Fitih Alemu (Guest).
-Tamer Abd Elkreem (Guest).
-Bothina Osama (Guest).
-Yohannes F. Ayehu (Guest).
Transcription is available in English, Arabic and Amharic.
For Arabic and Amharic swipe down.
- English:
Sherine: Welcome to the H2Know podcast, your go-to destination for deepening your understanding of water cultures!
I'm your host, Sherine El-Wattar, and I'm here to guide you through this very first series of the H2Know.
Let me tell you this isn't your typical water podcast.. We're going beyond the surface to explore how this magical flowing element of nature influences our hearts.. our memories.. and even drives our creative expression!
In this episode of the H2Know, we break away from the conventional script. Instead of scripted narratives, we explore the raw, unfiltered voices of our listeners. Each story connects us to different places and ancient traditions related to our Mighty Nile River.
Our inbox was flooded with our audienceâs experiences, their ancient family tales, and even their hidden rituals that honor the Nile River!
Our first tale comes from Salma from Sudan, who shares..
âThe myths about the Nile in Sudan say that they view it as a source of life, much more than just a source of water and food. The ritual of celebrating the newborn in the water of the Nile River is among the cultural legacy of the Nubian kingdom, which grew up on the bank of the river and believed in its sanctity as a source of life, which prompted the Nubians to connect their life with it. They also believed that it is a water-protected soul from envy, magic, and evil, so they were numerous.
They visited the river to purify their soul before this ritual is spread to the various states of Sudan. After the woman gave birth, she took the infant in the company of women, proceeded to wash his face, feet, and hand in the Nile so that his connection with the river is not severed. However, on the 14th day, they returned to watch the mother from postpartum.
The sanctity of the Nile River for Nubians was not only linked to the stage of birth but rather extended throughout the stage of their life from puberty and marriage until this. In north Sudan, the family takes the newly-wived with green palm leaves to the river before the wedding to wash their face and be blessed by the water of the Nile. And they visit this visit known as Seira. So they have this common song. They sing, all the women sing together.
The Sudanese also believe in the ability of the Nile water to clean their body of the curse of this. In South Sudan, the Denka and Nuer tribes believed that the Nile flood angered the gods.
So they would offer their children, from both sexes to him as a sacrifice, praying that he would not complete his revolution that may drown the entire land. While others believed that the Nile flood was a historical anger of the river because a beautiful girl named Bakhat drowned. They described the flood as a Bakhat of the Nile, which prompted them to give him a gift by throwing them in him until he calmed down.
The connection of ancient Sudanese civilization with the Nile River was not the product of the Nubian kingdom in the north, but rather appeared clearly before that over a stretch of more than 1,400 kilometers from the south of modern Khartoum, along the Nile River Valley, to the southern border with Egypt in the north. Beginning throughout the homeland of the Nilotic people, to which the Nilotic people returned, its civilization extended to the pre-dynamic era, then during the era of the historical kingdom of Kush, where the river was imperialized through a Nilotic archaeological excavation and encryption of the antiquity of the kingdom of Kush. It is a history of peace and a popular narrative.
In his poem, Salil al-Faradis, the Tufi's poetic al-Tijani Yusuf Bashir described the peculiarity of the relationship between the Sudanese people and the Nile River, that special relationship that has been celebrated in the peace and popular narrative since ancient times. In ancient times, the civilization of South Valley in northern Sudan believed that the Nile was the god of goodness, blessing, and abundance. Completely, the special relationship that unity the Sudanese with the river bears witness to the heritage of all eras and civilizations in the country, believing in the value of the river as a source of life, all life.â
Sherine: What a powerful connection Salma has shared with usâa bond that goes beyond survival and touches the very soul of a people. Itâs fascinating how the Nile, often seen as just a river by outsiders, is deeply rooted into the culture of Sudanese life. The rituals, songs, and sacrifices Salma mentioned are not just ancient traditions; they are living practices that continue to shape the identity of communities today.
Well, keep your ears awakeâweâre about to sail into another story, this time from Youssef in Egypt.
âMy name is Youssef Osama from Al Saeed -Upper Egypt-. We talk today about the Nile in Egypt. The Nile is a main part of my life as an Egyptian man from Al Saeed.
We drink water from it and use it for planting, for planting anything. And we go to the Nile to relax and enjoy and sit in front of it. When I was young, I always loved to go to the Nile with my father to catch fish, walk, and enjoy the view.
Until today, we celebrate the Nile Festivals. We go to the Nile to thank the great Nile. And, my grandfather and uncles go to the Nile and put flowers and fruits into the river to show their love for the Nile.
Today, we go to the Nile and enjoy with our family and friends. And remember the important role or position of the Nile in our lives. And we celebrate the âWafaa El-Neelâ festival to thank the Nile. It's usually on 15 August, every year.
Even today, one story talks about the Nile God. He called Hapi, God Hapi. My grandfathers and uncles believed he controlled the water and flooding and gave us land, good land to plant anything or agriculture. When I was 10 years old, I heard about a hidden treasure along the Nile River from Upper Egypt, Al Saeed to Lower Egypt, Alexandria. My friends and I love hearing these stories and dream we find its treasure one day.â
Sherine: Impressive! The way Youssef describes his childhood memories of fishing with his father and the ongoing traditions of offering flowers and fruits to the Nile reflect a deep-rooted connection to this ancient river.
Also, Youssefâs mention of the Nile god, Hapi, who was believed to control the river's flow and ensure fertile lands, adds another layer to our understanding of the Nileâs role in Egyptian culture.
Next up, letâs journey to Ethiopia with Fitih, who transports us to the very source of the Nile.
Fitih: âGrowing up in Ethiopia, the Nile has always been a significant part of our lives. Many of the songs in elementary school that we learned spoke of the Nile, which is known as Abbay in Amharic, the Ethiopian language. Lots of folk music in Ethiopia speak about Abbay.
Poetry and even spiritual narratives mention the Nile River as an important character. So I'll mention just one example. Every year, a huge religious feast is celebrated in a village named Sakala.
Sakala is believed to be the very source of the Nile River. The Orthodox Christian community there celebrates the day of St. Zarabrook around the source of the river, and holy water is also poured from the river to heal believers in the Orthodox Christian community. The legend is that Abune Zarabrook was teaching as a monk in the Sakala area for many years before he had to flee the village as a fugitive.
So before leaving the village, he received a message from the Holy Spirit to hide his teaching spiritual scriptures in the river, not around the river, in the river. So he did so, and while returning seven years later, he was able to retrieve the scriptures dry with no spot of water, safe and good as new. So people strongly believe that there are spiritual connections of the Nile River around the source, and they believe there's a healing power of the water there.
So people use water as a healing source, and the legend of Abune Zarabrook or St. Zarabrook is also an important part of the narrative in the Orthodox Christian community. Many people in Ethiopia are called Abbay. People name their children after the Nile because of the connection given to it in relation to vastness, enormity, and charisma of presence.
So Abbay has always been part of everyday conversations in my community. There are so many literary works in relation to Abbay. Generally speaking, these literary works mostly indicate grievance, sadness, regrets, because of the very popular belief that Nile has always failed to feed Ethiopians and the people of its origin.
I'll just mention one very popular saying in Amharic. This literally means the Nile has no home. It just wanders around holding on to a trunk of a tree to indicate that the Nile has always been that child who left home and never came back and was never able to help its home rather than serving outsiders and strangers. So the spirit has always been of sadness, longing, and grievance about the Nile. But I would say that about 10 years ago when the Grand Renaissance started construction, there's a shift in the spirit of the literary works around the Nile. The songs now indicate hope, triumph, and better days for Ethiopia.â
Sherine: WOW! Fitih's narrative really opens a window into Ethiopia's unique connection with the Nile. Itâs amazing how one river can bring out so many different feelingsâpride, sadness, hopeâdepending on whoâs telling the story. The tale of Abbay shows us how the Nile is more than just water; itâs a spiritual presence with the power to heal and bless. The shift in stories from sadness to hope reflects how the relationship between the people and the river is changing, filled with the promise of new beginnings.
Three stories down, and weâre still thirsty for more. Letâs explore further with Tamer from Sudan.
âThe Nile has been part of my life in so many ways. To begin with, I am born in an area in northern Sudan, Nubian homeland, and to describe that area simply, life is only possible around narrow strips of land beside the Nile, and away from that it's extreme desert. And this diversity of Nile versus desert is very much prominent in Nubian culture.
The Nile is the source of life and symbol of everything good in life and promising and certainty and the homeliness and the whole cultural values are predicated in that notion of the Nile versus the desert, while the desert means zone of danger. And because of that, the Nile in Nubian culture, it has everything to do with language, with values, with moralities. And just to give an example from two Nubian words representing these two dichotomies, sama and jawa.
Jawa is the presence of water, which means life, flourishing life, certain life, while sama is absence of water, the desert. So, but Nubians do not use these words only to describe just the physical presence and absence of water, but also sometimes, for example, they describe when they describe a person as kind of dry-hearted or dry-handed or dry-faced. What does that mean? Dry-hearted, he doesn't have a feeling, he is devoid of he or she devoid of emotions, for example.
Or dry-faced, doesn't have a good morality, he is devoid of good morals. Dry-footed, for example, he or she is cursed whenever he enters his hand or he puts his hand on or his foot on dries up, cursed. So, what does that tell us is how this dichotomy and eco-cosmology of being beside the Nile or being away from the Nile is constructed in a way that shapes deep cultural linguistic meanings of life and how do they perceive the life away from the Nile and perceive the life besides the Nile.
And this is reflected in so many rituals. A new baby born is taken to the Nile to be blessed. A newly married couple are taken to the Nile through particular rituals.
A newly circumcised boy is also taken to the first destination is to go to the Nile and to be blessed by the Nile water. Because Nile represents also fertility, the domain of everything good like angels, while the desert is the domain of evil. So, this dichotomy really constitutes what I call Nubian eco-cosmology.
It's deeply embedded in their life and you find it in so many Nubian songs, stories, metaphors, folk stories. So, thanks.â
Sherine: Tamerâs story gives us a deep understanding of how the Nile shapes life in northern Sudan. The contrast between the fertile Nile and the barren desert creates a powerful narrative that is really inspiring. Itâs fascinating to hear how these natural contrasts are embedded in the language and values of communities, shaping their views on morality, fortune, and life itself.
The rituals Tamer describes, where the Nile is a source of blessings for newborns, newlyweds, and young boys, are deeply symbolic. This "eco-cosmology," as Tamer calls it, is a powerful way of understanding how the Nile shapes the lives and beliefs
Letâs explore more with Bothina from Egypt
âI am Bothaina Osama. I am the regional coordinator of Scidev.net for the MENA region and the co-founder of SciComm X. My family is from a small village nested along the banks of the river Nile in Monofeya.
The Nile is my constant companion, a soothing presence that shaped my childhood and continued to influence my life. I remember the countless hours spent playing on its shores, watching the water shimmer under the sun and feeling the cool breeze carry sweet scents. My family's livelihood was interactively tied to the Nile as they farmed along its banks and depended on its annual flooding to nourish the crops.
The flood in my grandmother's tales was a time of anticipation and excitement, as they used to watch the river rise and transform the land into a lush, fertile paradise. The Nile River has been more than just a source of sustenance. It's a cultural icon, deeply ingrained in Egypt's history and traditions.
The Nile flood festival that ancient Egyptians started thousands of years ago was a time of joy and thanksgiving. The Egyptians used to offer sacrifices and perform traditional dances and songs in honor of the god Hapi, who was believed to control the river's flow.
Another significant celebration that I am first-hand witnessed is Eid al-Fitr, the festival that marks the end of the Muslim holy month Ramadan. During Eid, families, and also my family, often visit the Nile to enjoy picnics and boat rides. It's a time for relaxation and togetherness, a way to connect with nature, and I appreciate the beauty of the Nile.
Growing up, I was captivated by the countless tales and legends associated with the Nile. One of my favorite stories is the old Egyptian myth of Isis and Osiris. They are saying that the Nile River was formed from the tears of Isis, the goddess of motherhood and magic, as she mourned the death of her husband, Osiris. After Osiris was murdered by his brother Seth, Isis searched tirelessly for his body.
When she finally found it, her grief was overwhelming. She wept over and over her beloved husband. Her tears flowed so abundantly that they formed the great Nile River, nourishing the land and bringing life to Egypt.
The Nile River became a symbol of Isis, enduring love and sorrow, and its annual flooding was seen as a gift from the goddess to the people of Egypt. Isis was often depicted as a woman nursing her son, Horus, while standing beside the Nile. The image symbolizes the river's life-giving properties and its role in nurturing the life of the people of Egypt.â
Sherine: Bothinaâs narrative beautifully shows the Nile as both a historical and personal symbol. For many Egyptians, the Nile is more than just a riverâitâs a part of their identity, a link to their past, and a constant presence in an ever-changing world. Bothinaâs connection to the Nile shows how it continues to nourish not just the land, but also the spirit of the people.
And, our final narrative takes us to Yohannes from Ethiopia.
Yohannes: âGreetings everyone, my name is Yohannes Fentahun. I am an assistant editor for the Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation, the national media in my country, and today I will tell you about one of the iconic and sacred rivers in the world, the Nile River, and its profound connection to Ethiopian life. The Nile, or Abbay as it is known in Ethiopia, is not just a river, it is a lifeline, a source of spirituality, and an equator of ancient civilization.
Its waters have nurtured the lands of Ethiopia for millennia, and its significance is woven deeply into the fabric of Ethiopian culture. For generations, the Nile has provided water for drinking, farming, and sustaining communities. It is no exaggeration to say that the river's presence has shepherded the livelihoods of millions of Ethiopians.
Farmers rely on its water to irrigate crops, ensuring that the fertile lands along its banks continue to flourish. In rural areas, the Nile is seen as a gift from God, and its waters are treated with respect and reverence. But beyond its practical use, the Nile has a second place in the hearts of Ethiopians.
Many Ethiopian Orthodox Christians believe that the Nile is a blessed river. It is a source linked to the holy water of Gish Abbay, where it is said that the Ark of the Covenant once rested. The river is often associated with spiritual cleansing.
During Timkat, the Ethiopian Orthodox celebration of Epiphany, the faithful immerse themselves in its water to commemorate the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan River. The Nile also features prominently in Ethiopian folklore and legends. One of the popular story tells about the wise King Lalibela, who was guided by angels to carve the famous vacuum churches.
It is said that the angels promised him that a stream from the Nile would flow through his kingdom to bless his people. The river, according to this legend, symbolizes divine guidance and protection. Another tale speaks of the Blue Nile Falls, known as Gish Abai, or the Smoking Water.
The falls are not just a breathtaking natural wonder, but they are also believed to be guided by spiritual beings. Local villagers often leave offerings by the river's edge asking for protection and blessings. These stories and traditions highlight the deep spiritual connection Ethiopians have with the Nile.
It is a connection that transcends physical adventures into the mystical, where the river is seen as a bridge between the earthly and the divine. As we have explored today, the Nile River is far more than just a geographical feature. It is a symbol of life, faith, and community for the Ethiopian people.
From the rituals and celebrations to the legends passed down through generations, the Nile's influence is undeniable and everlasting.â
Sherine: Yohannesâs story helps us see the Nile not just as a physical river but as a living being that commands respect and deep spiritual connection. This story perfectly wraps up our journey and leaves us with a deep appreciation for the role the Nile plays in the lives of those who live along it.
These are just a few of the many stories shared by our wonderful audience! These inspiring stories show us that understanding cultural relevance is crucial when talking about water issues. It makes sure that the information comes from the people who live these experiences, sharing their own views rather than having others describe it for them.
By focusing on cultural relevance, water education becomes more complete, effective, and respectful of the diverse values and beliefs about water. This approach enriches our understanding with insights that have been passed down through generations.
Dear listeners, weâre truly grateful for the stories, insights, and reflections youâve shared with us. Your participation has made this episode exceptional. Thank you all!
Thank you for tuning in to The H2Know. I'm your host, Sherine El-Wattar, and I hope you've enjoyed our episode exploring the role of cultural relevance in water education- this often-overlooked perspective!
Well, this is the end of our first series of the H2Know, but our journey isnât over! Stay tuned for the next series of episodes. Can you guess the theme of the new series? Share your ideas with us!
In the meantime, follow us on your favorite podcast platform so you donât miss our exciting new episodes!
- Arabic:
ØŽÙØ±ÙÙ: Ø£ÙÙÙØ§ ØšÙÙ ÙÙ ØšÙØ¯Ùاست "H2Know"Ø ÙØ¬ÙتÙ٠إÙ٠عاÙ٠اÙÙ ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ¹Ù ÙÙ.. ØŽØ±ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØÙØ§Ø© Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙØ¶Ø® ÙÙ ÙÙØš ÙÙÙØšÙا. ٠عÙÙ ØŽÙØ±Ù٠اÙÙØªØ§Ø±Ø ÙØ³Ø£Ø±Ø§ÙÙÙÙ Ù٠أÙÙ Ø³ÙØ³ÙØ© Ù Ù ÙØ°Ø§ Ø§ÙØšÙØ¯ÙØ§Ø³Øª ÙØ§Ø³ØªÙ؎ا٠عاÙ٠اÙÙ ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ³Ø§ØØ±!
Ø³ÙØªØ¹Ù ٠سÙÙÙØ§ ÙÙÙØªØŽÙ ÙÙÙ ÙØªØ¬Ø§Ùز اÙ٠اء ØØ¯Ùد٠اÙÙ Ø§Ø¯ÙØ© ÙÙØµØšØ Ø¬Ø²Ø¡ÙØ§ Ù ÙØ§Ø Ù Ù ØªØ±Ø§Ø«ÙØ§Ø ÙÙ Ù Ø¥ØšØ¯Ø§Ø¹Ø§ØªÙØ§. Ø¥ÙÙ Ø£ÙØ«Ø± ٠٠٠جرد Ù ÙØ±Ø¯ Ø·ØšÙØ¹ÙØ ØšÙ Ø¥ÙÙ Ø±ÙØ تعاÙÙ Ø£Ø±ÙØ§ØÙا.
ÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØÙÙØ© Ù Ù H2KnowØ ÙØšØªØ¹Ø¯ ع٠اÙÙØµÙص اÙ٠عتادة. ؚدÙÙØ§ Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ³Ø±Ø¯ Ø§ÙØªÙÙÙØ¯ÙØ ÙØºÙص ÙÙ ÙØµØµ ÙØÙØ§Ùات ٠ست٠عÙÙØ§ اÙÙØ±Ùدة. ÙÙ ÙØµØ© ØªØ±ØšØ·ÙØ§ ؚأ٠اÙ٠٠ختÙÙØ© ÙØªÙاÙÙØ¯ ÙØ¯ÙÙ Ø© ٠تعÙÙØ© ØšÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹ØžÙÙ .
تÙÙÙÙØ§ ٠٠ج٠ÙÙØ±Ùا Ø§ÙØ¹Ø²Ùز Ø§ÙØ¹Ø¯Ùد Ù Ù Ø§ÙØÙØ§Ùات Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§ØŠÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ§ÙØ·ÙÙØ³ Ø§ÙØ®ÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØªÙ ØªÙØ¯Ø³ ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ!
تأت٠أÙÙÙ ØÙØ§ÙØ§ØªÙا ٠٠سÙÙ Ù Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ³ÙØ¯Ø§ÙØ ÙØ§Ùت٠ت؎ارÙÙØ§:
سÙÙ Ù:
âØªÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø³Ø§Ø·Ùر ع٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ³Ùدا٠إÙÙ ÙØ¹ØªØšØ± Ù ØµØ¯Ø±ÙØ§ ÙÙØÙØ§Ø© Ø£ÙØ«Ø± Ù Ù ÙÙÙ٠٠جرد ٠صدر ÙÙ٠اء ÙØ§Ùطعا٠. Ø§ÙØ·ÙÙØ³ Ø§ÙØ®Ø§ØµØ© ØšØ§ÙØ§ØØªÙا٠ؚاÙÙ ÙÙÙØ¯ Ø§ÙØ¬Ø¯Ùد ÙÙ Ù ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ Ù٠جزء Ù Ù Ø§ÙØªØ±Ø§Ø« Ø§ÙØ«ÙاÙÙ ÙÙ Ù ÙÙØ© اÙÙÙØšØ©Ø Ø§ÙØªÙ ÙØŽØ£Øª عÙÙ Ø¶ÙØ§Ù اÙÙÙØ± ÙØ§Ø¹ØªØšØ±Øª ÙØ¯Ø³Ùت٠Ù٠صدر ÙÙØÙØ§Ø©Ø ٠٠ا جع٠اÙÙÙØšÙÙÙ ÙØ±ØšØ·ÙÙ ØÙاتÙÙ ØšÙ. ÙØ§ÙÙØ§ ÙØ¹ØªÙدÙÙ Ø£ÙØ¶Ùا أ٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙØÙ Ù Ù Ù Ø§ÙØØ³Ø¯ ÙØ§ÙØ³ØØ± ÙØ§Ù؎ر.
ÙØ§ÙÙØ§ ÙØ²ÙرÙ٠اÙÙÙØ± ÙØªØ·ÙÙØ± Ø£Ø±ÙØ§ØÙÙ ÙØšÙ Ø£Ù ÙÙØªØŽØ± ÙØ°Ø§ Ø§ÙØ·Ùس ÙÙ Ù ÙØ§Ø·Ù ٠ختÙÙØ© Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ³ÙداÙ. ؚعد ÙÙØ§Ø¯Ø© اÙÙ Ø±Ø£Ø©Ø ÙØ§Ùت تأخذ Ø§ÙØ·ÙÙ ØšØµØØšØ© Ø§ÙÙØ³Ø§Ø¡ ÙØªØºØ³Ù ÙØ¬ÙÙ ÙÙØ¯ÙÙ ÙÙØ¯Ù ÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙÙÙØ ØØªÙ ÙØ§ ÙÙÙØ·Ø¹ ارتؚاط٠ؚاÙÙÙØ±. ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ±Ø§ØšØ¹ Ø¹ØŽØ±Ø ÙØ§ÙÙØ§ ÙØ¹ÙدÙÙ ÙÙ Ø±Ø§ÙØšØ© Ø§ÙØ£Ù ؚعد اÙÙÙØ§Ø¯Ø©.
Ù٠تÙÙ ÙØ¯Ø³ÙØ© ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ ÙØ¯Ù اÙÙÙØšÙÙÙ Ù ÙØªØµØ±Ø© عÙ٠٠رØÙØ© اÙÙÙØ§Ø¯Ø©Ø ؚ٠ا٠تدت Ø¥ÙÙ Ø¬Ù ÙØ¹ ٠راØÙ ØÙاتÙÙ Ù Ù Ø§ÙØšÙÙØº ÙØ§ÙØ²ÙØ§Ø¬. ÙÙ ØŽÙ Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ³ÙØ¯Ø§ÙØ تأخذ Ø§ÙØ£Ø³Ø±Ø© Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ùس Ø§ÙØ¬Ø¯Ùدة Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙØ± ÙØšÙ Ø§ÙØ²Ùاج ÙØªØºØ³Ù ÙØ¬ÙÙØ§ ÙØªØšØ§Ø±Ù ØšÙ ÙØ§Ù اÙÙÙÙ. ÙÙØ·ÙÙÙ٠عÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØ²Ùارة اس٠"Ø³ÙØ±Ø©". ÙØ°ÙÙØ ÙØ¯ÙÙ٠أغÙÙØ© Ù ØŽØªØ±ÙØ© تغÙÙÙØ§ اÙÙØ³Ø§Ø¡ Ø¬Ù ÙØ¹ÙÙ Ù Ø¹ÙØ§.
Ù٠ا ÙØ¹ØªÙد Ø§ÙØ³ÙداÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ ÙØ¯Ø±Ø© Ù ÙØ§Ù اÙÙÙ٠عÙ٠تطÙÙØ± أجسا٠Ù٠٠٠اÙÙØ¹Ùات. Ù٠جÙÙØš Ø§ÙØ³ÙØ¯Ø§ÙØ Ø§Ø¹ØªÙØ¯Øª ÙØšØ§ØŠÙ Ø§ÙØ¯ÙÙÙØ§ ÙØ§ÙÙÙÙØ± Ø£Ù ÙÙØ¶Ø§Ù اÙÙÙ٠أغضؚ Ø§ÙØ¢ÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ°Ø§ ÙØ§ÙÙØ§ ÙÙØ¯Ù ÙÙ Ø£Ø·ÙØ§ÙÙÙ ÙÙØ±ØšØ§Ù ÙÙÙÙØ±Ø داعÙÙ Ø£ÙØ§ ÙÙØªÙ Ù ÙÙØ¶Ø§ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙØ¯ ÙØºØ±Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø¶ ؚاÙÙØ§Ù Ù. ØšÙÙ٠ا Ø§Ø¹ØªÙØ¯ آخرÙ٠أ٠ÙÙØ¶Ø§Ù اÙÙÙÙ ÙØ§Ù ØºØ¶ØšÙØ§ ØªØ§Ø±ÙØ®ÙÙØ§ ÙÙÙÙØ± ÙØ£Ù ÙØªØ§Ø© ج٠ÙÙØ© ØªÙØ¯Ø¹Ù "ؚخت" ØºØ±ÙØª. ÙØµÙÙØ§ اÙÙÙØ¶Ø§Ùات ؚأÙÙØ§ "ؚخت اÙÙÙÙ"Ø Ù Ù Ø§ Ø¯ÙØ¹ÙÙ ÙØªÙدÙÙ ÙØ¯ÙØ© ÙÙÙÙØ± ؚر٠ÙÙØ§ ÙÙÙ ØØªÙ ÙÙØ¯Ø£.
ÙÙ ÙÙ٠ارتؚاط Ø§ÙØØ¶Ø§Ø±Ø© Ø§ÙØ³ÙداÙÙØ© اÙÙØ¯ÙÙ Ø© ØšÙÙØ± اÙÙÙ٠٠جرد ÙØªØ§Ø¬ Ù Ù ÙÙØ© اÙÙÙØšØ© ÙÙ Ø§ÙØŽÙ Ø§ÙØ ØšÙ ØžÙØ± ØšÙØ¶ÙØ Ø¹Ù٠ا٠تداد Ø£ÙØ«Ø± Ù Ù 1400 ÙÙÙÙ٠تر ٠٠جÙÙØš Ø§ÙØ®Ø±Ø·ÙÙ Ø§ÙØØ§ÙÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØØ¯ÙØ¯ Ø§ÙØ¬ÙÙØšÙØ© ٠ع ٠صر ÙÙ Ø§ÙØŽÙ اÙ. ØšØ¯Ø¡ÙØ§ Ù Ù ÙØ·Ù اÙÙÙÙÙØªÙÙÙØ Ø§ÙØ°Ù٠عادت Ø¥ÙÙÙÙ ØØ¶Ø§Ø±ØªÙÙ Ø Ø§Ù ØªØ¯Øª Ø§ÙØØ¶Ø§Ø±Ø© Ø¥Ù٠٠ا ÙØšÙ Ø§ÙØ¹ØµØ± Ø§ÙØ¯ÙÙØ§Ù ÙÙÙØ Ø«Ù Ø®ÙØ§Ù عصر Ù Ù ÙÙØ© ÙÙØŽ Ø§ÙØªØ§Ø±ÙØ®ÙØ©Ø ØÙØ« ØªÙ Ø§ÙØªØ¹Ø±Ù عÙ٠اÙÙÙØ± Ù Ù Ø®ÙØ§Ù ØÙØ±ÙØ§Øª ÙÙÙÙØªÙØ© ÙÙÙÙØŽ ÙØ¢Ø«Ø§Ø± Ù Ù ÙÙØ© ÙÙØŽ.
ÙÙ ÙØµÙدت٠"سÙÙ٠اÙÙØ±Ø§Ø¯Ùس"Ø ÙØµÙ Ø§ÙØŽØ§Ø¹Ø± Ø§ÙØ·ÙØšÙ Ø§ÙØªÙجاÙÙ ÙÙØ³Ù ØšØŽÙØ± Ø®ØµÙØµÙØ© Ø§ÙØ¹ÙØ§ÙØ© ØšÙÙ Ø§ÙØŽØ¹Øš Ø§ÙØ³ÙداÙÙ ÙÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙ Ø¹ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø§ØØªÙÙ ØšÙØ§ Ø§ÙØ³Ø±Ø¯ Ø§ÙØŽØ¹ØšÙ Ù ÙØ° Ø§ÙØ¹ØµÙر اÙÙØ¯ÙÙ Ø©. ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹ØµÙر اÙÙØ¯ÙÙ Ø©Ø ÙØ§Ùت ØØ¶Ø§Ø±Ø© ÙØ§Ø¯Ù اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ ØŽÙ Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ³Ùدا٠ت؀٠٠أ٠اÙÙÙÙ Ù٠إÙÙ Ø§ÙØ®Ùر ÙØ§ÙØšØ±ÙØ© ÙØ§ÙÙÙØ±Ø©. Ø§ÙØ¹ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ®Ø§ØµØ© Ø§ÙØªÙ تج٠ع Ø§ÙØ³ÙداÙÙÙ٠ؚاÙÙÙØ± ØªØŽÙØ¯ عÙ٠تراث Ø¬Ù ÙØ¹ Ø§ÙØ¹ØµÙر ÙØ§ÙØØ¶Ø§Ø±Ø§Øª ÙÙ Ø§ÙØšÙØ§Ø¯Ø Ù Ø€Ù ÙÙÙ ØšÙÙÙ Ø© اÙÙÙØ± Ù٠صدر ÙÙØÙØ§Ø©."
ØŽÙØ±ÙÙ: ٠ا Ø£Ø±ÙØ¹ اÙÙØµØ© Ø§ÙØªÙ ØŽØ§Ø±ÙØªÙا ØšÙØ§ سÙÙ ÙâØ±Ø§ØšØ·Ø© ØªØªØ¬Ø§ÙØ² ٠جرد Ø§ÙØšÙاء ÙØªÙ٠س Ø±ÙØ Ø§ÙØŽØ¹Øš ذاتÙ. Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ±Ø§ØŠØ¹ ÙÙ٠أ٠اÙÙÙÙØ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙÙÙØžØ± Ø¥ÙÙÙ ØºØ§ÙØšÙا عÙ٠أÙ٠٠جرد ÙÙØ± Ù Ù ÙØšÙ Ø§ÙØºØ±ØšØ§Ø¡Ø Ù٠جزء أساس٠ÙÙ Ø«ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø§ÙØÙØ§Ø© Ø§ÙØ³ÙداÙÙØ©. Ø§ÙØ·ÙÙØ³ ÙØ§ÙأغاÙÙ ÙØ§ÙتضØÙات Ø§ÙØªÙ Ø°ÙØ±ØªÙا سÙÙ Ù ÙÙØ³Øª ٠جرد ØªÙØ§ÙÙØ¯ ÙØ¯ÙÙ Ø©Ø ØšÙ Ù٠٠٠ارسات ØÙØ© تست٠ر Ù٠ت؎ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙØ© اÙ٠جت٠عات اÙÙÙÙ .
ØØ³ÙÙØ§Ø اؚÙÙØ§ Ù Ø¹ÙØ§âØ³ÙØšØØ± Ø§ÙØ¢Ù Ø¥ÙÙ ÙØµØ© Ø£Ø®Ø±ÙØ ÙØ°Ù اÙ٠رة Ù Ù ÙÙØ³Ù Ù٠٠صر.
ÙÙØ³Ù:
"اس٠٠ÙÙØ³Ù أسا٠ة Ù Ù Ø§ÙØµØ¹Ùد. ÙØªØØ¯Ø« اÙÙÙ٠ع٠اÙÙÙÙ Ù٠٠صر. اÙÙÙÙ Ù٠جزء أساس٠٠٠ØÙØ§ØªÙ ÙØ±Ø¬Ù Ù ØµØ±Ù Ù Ù Ø§ÙØµØ¹Ùد.
ÙØ³ØªØ®Ø¯Ù ٠اء اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØŽØ±Øš ÙØ§ÙØ²Ø±Ø§Ø¹Ø©Ø ÙÙØ°ÙØš Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØ§Ø³ØªØ±Ø®Ø§Ø¡ ÙØ§Ùاست٠تاع. Ø¹ÙØ¯Ù ا ÙÙØª ØµØºÙØ±ÙØ§Ø ÙÙØª Ø£ØØš Ø§ÙØ°Ùاؚ Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙ٠٠ع ÙØ§ÙØ¯Ù ÙØµÙد Ø§ÙØ£Ø³Ù Ø§Ù ÙØ§ÙÙ ØŽÙ ÙØ§Ùاست٠تاع ؚاÙÙ ÙØžØ±.
ØØªÙ اÙÙÙÙ Ø ÙØØªÙÙ ØšÙ ÙØ±Ø¬Ø§Ùات اÙÙÙÙ. ÙØ°ÙØš ÙØŽÙر اÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹ØžÙÙ . Ø¬Ø¯Ù ÙØ£Ø¹Ù Ø§Ù Ù ÙØ°ÙØšÙ٠إÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØ¶Ø¹ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ²ÙÙØ± ÙØ§ÙÙÙØ§ÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙÙØ± ÙØ¹Ø±Ø¶ ØØšÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ.
اÙÙÙÙ Ø ÙØ°ÙØš Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØ³ØªÙ تع ٠ع Ø¹Ø§ØŠÙØªÙا ÙØ£ØµØ¯ÙØ§ØŠÙØ§ ÙÙØªØ°Ùر Ø§ÙØ¯Ùر اÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ ØÙØ§ØªÙØ§. ÙØØªÙÙ ØšØ¹ÙØ¯ "ÙÙØ§Ø¡ اÙÙÙÙ" ÙØŽÙر اÙÙÙÙ. عادة٠٠ا ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ 15 أغسطس Ù Ù Ù٠عا٠.
ØªÙØ±ÙÙ ÙØµØ© ع٠إÙ٠اÙÙÙÙØ ØØ§ØšÙØ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ¹ØªÙد Ø£ÙÙ ÙØªØÙÙ Ù٠اÙ٠اء ÙØ§ÙÙÙØ¶Ø§Ù ÙÙÙ ÙØÙØ§ Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø§Ø¶Ù Ø§ÙØ®ØµØšØ© ÙÙØ²Ø±Ø§Ø¹Ø©. Ø¹ÙØ¯Ù ا ÙÙØª ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§ØŽØ±Ø© Ù Ù Ø¹Ù Ø±ÙØ س٠عت ع٠ÙÙØ² Ù Ø®Ù٠عÙÙ Ø·ÙÙ ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ Ù Ù Ø§ÙØµØ¹Ùد Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¯Ùتا. Ø£ØØš Ø£ÙØ§ ÙØ£ØµØ¯Ùا؊٠س٠اع ÙØ°Ù اÙÙØµØµ ÙÙØªÙ ÙÙ Ø£Ù ÙØ¬Ø¯ ÙØ°Ø§ اÙÙÙØ² ÙÙÙ ÙØ§ ٠ا."
ØŽÙØ±ÙÙ: را؊ع! Ø§ÙØ·Ø±ÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØªÙ ÙØµÙ ØšÙØ§ ÙÙØ³Ù Ø°ÙØ±ÙØ§ØªÙ Ø§ÙØ·ÙÙÙÙØ© ÙÙ ØµÙØ¯ Ø§ÙØ£Ø³Ù ا٠٠ع ÙØ§ÙØ¯Ù ÙØ§ÙØªÙØ§ÙÙØ¯ اÙ٠ست٠رة ÙØªÙدÙÙ Ø§ÙØ²ÙÙØ± ÙØ§ÙÙÙØ§ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ ØªØ¹ÙØ³ Ø§Ø±ØªØšØ§Ø·ÙØ§ ع٠ÙÙÙØ§ ØšÙØ°Ø§ اÙÙÙØ± Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±ÙÙ. Ù٠ا Ø£Ù Ø°ÙØ± ÙÙØ³Ù ÙØ¥Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ ØØ§ØšÙØ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ¹ØªÙد Ø£ÙÙ ÙØªØÙÙ Ù٠تدÙ٠اÙÙÙØ± ÙÙØ¶Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø§Ø¶Ù Ø§ÙØ®ØµØšØ©Ø ÙØ¶ÙÙ ØšÙØ¹Ø¯Ùا آخر ÙÙÙÙ ÙØ§ ÙØ¯Ùر اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ«ÙØ§ÙØ© اÙÙ ØµØ±ÙØ©.
Ø§ÙØ¢ÙØ Ø¯Ø¹ÙÙØ§ ÙØ³Ø§Ùر Ø¥Ù٠إثÙÙØšÙا ٠ع ÙÙØªÙØØ Ø§ÙØªÙ ØªØ£Ø®Ø°ÙØ§ Ø¥ÙÙ Ù ÙØšØ¹ Ø§ÙÙÙÙ.
ÙÙØªÙØ:
"Ø¹ÙØ¯Ù ا ÙÙØª Ø£Ø¹ÙØŽ Ù٠إثÙÙØšÙØ§Ø ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ Ø¯Ø§ØŠÙ ÙØ§ Ø¬Ø²Ø¡ÙØ§ Ù ÙÙ ÙØ§ Ù Ù ØÙØ§ØªÙØ§. Ø§ÙØ¹Ø¯Ùد Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ£ØºØ§ÙÙ Ø§ÙØªÙ تعÙÙ ÙØ§Ùا Ù٠اÙ٠درسة Ø§ÙØ§ØšØªØ¯Ø§ØŠÙØ© ÙØ§Ùت ØªØªØØ¯Ø« ع٠اÙÙÙÙØ ÙØ§Ùذ٠ÙÙØ¹Ø±Ù ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ù ÙØ±ÙØ©Ø Ø§ÙÙØºØ© Ø§ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙØ©Ø ØšØ§Ø³Ù "أؚاÙ". Ø§ÙØ¹Ø¯Ùد ٠٠اÙÙ ÙØ³ÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØŽØ¹ØšÙØ© Ù٠إثÙÙØšÙا ØªØªØØ¯Ø« ع٠أؚاÙ.
Ø§ÙØŽØ¹Ø± ÙØØªÙ Ø§ÙØ³Ø±Ø¯ Ø§ÙØ±ÙØÙ ÙØ°Ùرا٠ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØ§ØŠÙ Ù ÙÙ . Ø³Ø£Ø°ÙØ± ÙÙØ· ٠ثاÙÙØ§ ÙØ§ØØ¯Ùا. ÙÙ Ø¹Ø§Ù Ø ÙÙØØªÙÙ ØšÙ ÙØ±Ø¬Ø§Ù دÙÙ٠ضخ٠ÙÙ ÙØ±ÙØ© ØªÙØ¯Ø¹Ù "Ø³Ø§ÙØ§Ùا".
ÙÙØ¹ØªÙد Ø£Ù Ø³Ø§ÙØ§Ùا Ù٠اÙ٠صدر Ø§ÙØÙÙÙÙ ÙÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ. ØªØØªÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¬Ù اعة اÙÙ Ø³ÙØÙØ© Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø«ÙØ°ÙØ³ÙØ© ÙÙØ§Ù ØšÙÙ٠اÙÙØ¯Ùس زاراؚرÙÙ ØÙ٠٠صدر اÙÙÙØ±Ø Ù٠ا ÙØªÙ صؚ اÙÙ ÙØ§Ù اÙÙ ÙØ¯Ø³Ø© ٠٠اÙÙÙØ± ÙØŽÙاء اÙ٠؀٠ÙÙÙ Ù٠اÙ٠جت٠ع Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø«ÙØ°ÙØ³Ù. Ø§ÙØ£Ø³Ø·Ùرة تÙÙ٠إ٠أؚÙÙØ§ زاراؚرÙÙ ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ¯Ø±Ø³ ÙØ±Ø§ÙØš ÙÙ Ù ÙØ·ÙØ© Ø³Ø§ÙØ§Ùا ÙØ³ÙÙØ§Øª Ø¹Ø¯ÙØ¯Ø© ÙØšÙ Ø£Ù ÙØ¶Ø·Ø± ÙÙÙØ±Ø§Ø± ٠٠اÙÙØ±ÙØ© ÙÙØ§Ø¬ØŠ.
ÙØšÙ ٠غادرت٠اÙÙØ±ÙØ©Ø ØªÙÙÙ Ø±Ø³Ø§ÙØ© Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ±ÙØ Ø§ÙÙØ¯Ø³ ÙÙØ¯Ù٠تعاÙÙÙ Ù Ø§ÙØ±ÙØÙØ© Ù٠اÙÙÙØ±Ø ÙÙÙØ³ ØÙ٠اÙÙÙØ±Ø ØšÙ Ù٠اÙÙÙØ± ÙÙØ³Ù. ÙØšØ§ÙÙØ¹Ù ÙØ¹Ù ذÙÙØ ÙØ¹Ùد Ø¹ÙØ¯ØªÙ ؚعد سؚع سÙÙØ§ØªØ ت٠Ù٠٠٠استعادة اÙÙØµÙص Ø¬Ø§ÙØ© دÙ٠أ٠أثر ÙÙÙ Ø§Ø¡Ø Ø³ÙÙÙ Ø© ÙØ¬Ø¯Ùدة Ù٠ا ÙØ§Ùت. ÙØ°ÙÙØ ÙØ€Ù ٠اÙÙØ§Ø³ ؚاÙÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØ±ÙØØ§ÙÙØ© ÙÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙØ ÙÙØ¹ØªÙدÙ٠أ٠ÙÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ© ØŽÙØ§Ø¡ Ù٠اÙÙ ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ§Ù. ÙØ³ØªØ®Ø¯Ù اÙÙØ§Ø³ اÙÙ ÙØ§Ù Ù٠صدر ÙÙØŽÙØ§Ø¡Ø ÙØ£Ø³Ø·Ùرة أؚÙÙØ§ زاراؚرÙ٠أ٠اÙÙØ¯Ùس زاراؚرÙÙ Ù٠جزء Ù ÙÙ Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ³Ø±Ø¯ Ù٠اÙ٠جت٠ع Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø«ÙØ°ÙØ³Ù.
Ø§ÙØ¹Ø¯Ùد ٠٠اÙÙØ§Ø³ Ù٠إثÙÙØšÙا ÙÙØ¯Ø¹Ù٠أؚاÙ. ÙÙØ³Ù ٠اÙÙØ§Ø³ Ø£ØšÙØ§Ø¡Ù٠عÙ٠اس٠اÙÙÙ٠ؚسؚؚ Ø§ÙØ§Ø±ØªØšØ§Ø· اÙÙØ«ÙÙ ØšÙ ÙØšÙØ¬ÙØ¯Ù Ø§ÙØ³Ø§ØØ±.
ÙØ°ÙÙØ ÙØ§Ù Ø£ØšØ§Ù Ø¯Ø§ØŠÙ ÙØ§ Ø¬Ø²Ø¡ÙØ§ ٠٠اÙÙ ØØ§Ø¯Ø«Ø§Øª اÙÙÙÙ ÙØ© Ù٠٠جت٠عÙ. ÙÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ¹Ø¯Ùد Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø¹Ù Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø¯ØšÙØ© اÙ٠تعÙÙØ© ؚأؚاÙ. ؚ؎ÙÙ Ø¹Ø§Ù Ø ØªØŽÙØ± ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø¹Ù Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø¯ØšÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØØ²ÙØ ÙØ§ÙØ£Ø³ÙØ ÙØ§ÙÙØ¯Ù Ø ØšØ³ØšØš Ø§ÙØ§Ø¹ØªÙاد Ø§ÙØŽØ§ØŠØ¹ أ٠اÙÙÙÙ Ø¯Ø§ØŠÙ ÙØ§ ٠ا ÙØŽÙ ÙÙ ØªØºØ°ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙÙÙ ÙØ³ÙاÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£ØµÙÙÙÙ.
Ø³Ø£Ø°ÙØ± ÙÙØ· Ù Ø«ÙÙØ§ ؎عؚÙÙØ§ ØŽØ§ØŠØ¹ÙØ§ ØšØ§ÙØ£Ù ÙØ±ÙØ©. ÙØ°Ø§ ÙØ¹ÙÙ ØØ±ÙÙÙØ§ أ٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙØ§ ÙÙØ¬Ø¯ ÙÙ ØšÙØª. ÙÙÙ ÙØªØ¬Ù٠٠٠سÙÙØ§ ؚجذع ØŽØ¬Ø±Ø©Ø ÙÙØ¯ÙØ§ÙØ© عÙ٠أ٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙØ§Ù Ø¯Ø§ØŠÙ ÙØ§ ذÙÙ Ø§ÙØ·ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ°Ù غادر اÙÙ ÙØ²Ù ÙÙÙ ÙØ¹Ø¯ Ø£ØšØ¯ÙØ§ ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙ ÙØ§Ø¯Ø±Ùا عÙ٠٠ساعدة Ù ÙØ²Ù٠ؚ٠عÙ٠خد٠ة Ø§ÙØºØ±ØšØ§Ø¡ ÙØ§ÙØ£Ø¬Ø§ÙØš. ÙØ°Ø§Ø ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ±ÙØ Ø¯Ø§ØŠÙ ÙØ§ ØØ²ÙÙÙØ§Ø ÙØªÙÙØ ÙÙØŽØ¹Ø± ØšØ§ÙØ£Ø³Ù تجا٠اÙÙÙÙ. ÙÙÙ Ø£ÙØ¯ أ٠أÙÙ٠إÙÙ ÙØšÙ ØÙاÙ٠ع؎ر سÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø¹ÙØ¯Ù ا ؚدأ ØšÙØ§Ø¡ Ø§ÙØ³Ø¯ اÙÙØšÙØ±Ø ØŽÙØ¯Øª Ø§ÙØ£Ø¹Ù Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø¯ØšÙØ© ØÙ٠اÙÙÙ٠تØÙÙÙØ§ ÙØšÙØ±ÙØ§. Ø§ÙØ£ØºØ§ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¢Ù ØªØŽÙØ± Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ù ÙØ ÙØ§ÙØ§ÙØªØµØ§Ø±Ø ÙØ§ÙØ£ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ£ÙØ¶Ù ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙا."
ØŽÙØ±ÙÙ: را؊ع! Ø§ÙØ³Ø±Ø¯ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙØ¯Ù ت٠ÙÙØªÙØ ÙÙØªØ ÙÙØ§ ÙØ§Ùذة عÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹ÙØ§ÙØ© اÙÙØ±Ùدة ØšÙ٠إثÙÙØšÙا ÙØ§ÙÙÙÙ. Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ±Ø§ØŠØ¹ ÙÙ٠أ٠ÙÙØ±Ùا ÙØ§ØØ¯Ùا ÙÙ ÙÙ Ø£Ù ÙØ«Ùر ٠؎اعر ٠ختÙÙØ©âÙØ®Ø±Ø ØØ²ÙØ Ø£Ù ÙâØ§Ø¹ØªÙ Ø§Ø¯ÙØ§ عÙÙ Ù Ù ÙØ±Ù٠اÙÙØµØ©. ÙØµØ© Ø£ØšØ§Ù ØªÙØžÙر ÙÙØ§ ÙÙ٠أ٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ø£ÙØ«Ø± ٠٠٠جرد Ù Ø§Ø¡Ø Ø¥ÙÙ ÙØ¬Ùد Ø±ÙØÙ ÙÙ ÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØŽÙاء ÙØ§ÙØšØ±ÙØ©. Ø§ÙØªØÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙØµØµ Ù Ù Ø§ÙØØ²Ù Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ù Ù ÙØ¹Ùس ÙÙÙ Ø£Ù Ø§ÙØ¹ÙØ§ÙØ© ØšÙ٠اÙÙØ§Ø³ ÙØ§ÙÙÙØ± ØªØªØºÙØ±Ø Ù ÙÙØŠØ© ØšÙØ¹Ùد Ø§ÙØšØ¯Ø§Ùات Ø§ÙØ¬Ø¯Ùدة.
Ø«ÙØ§Ø« ÙØµØµ ØØªÙ Ø§ÙØ¢ÙØ Ù٠ا زÙÙØ§ عط؎٠ÙÙÙ Ø²ÙØ¯. دعÙÙØ§ ÙØ³ØªÙ؎٠اÙÙ Ø²ÙØ¯ ٠ع تا٠ر Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ³ÙداÙ.
تا٠ر:
"ÙÙØ¯ ÙØ§Ù اÙÙÙÙ Ø¬Ø²Ø¡ÙØ§ Ù Ù ØÙØ§ØªÙ ØšØ·Ø±Ù Ø¹Ø¯ÙØ¯Ø©. ØšØ¯Ø§ÙØ©ÙØ ÙÙØ¯Øª ÙÙ Ù ÙØ·ÙØ© ÙÙ ØŽÙ Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ³ÙØ¯Ø§ÙØ أرض اÙÙÙØšØ©Ø ÙÙØ£ØµÙ تÙ٠اÙÙ ÙØ·ÙØ© ØšØšØ³Ø§Ø·Ø©Ø Ø§ÙØÙØ§Ø© Ù Ù ÙÙØ© ÙÙØ· ØÙ٠؎را؊ط ضÙÙØ© Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø§Ø¶Ù ØšØ¬Ø§ÙØš Ø§ÙÙÙÙØ ÙØšØ¹ÙØ¯ÙØ§ ع٠ذÙÙØ ÙÙ ØµØØ±Ø§Ø¡ ÙØ§ØÙØ©. ÙÙØ°Ø§ Ø§ÙØªÙÙØ¹ ØšÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙØ§ÙØµØØ±Ø§Ø¡ ÙØ§Ø¶Ø Ø¬Ø¯ÙØ§ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ«ÙØ§ÙØ© اÙÙÙØšÙØ©.
اÙÙÙÙ Ù٠٠صدر Ø§ÙØÙØ§Ø© ÙØ±Ù ز ÙÙ٠٠ا ÙÙ Ø¬ÙØ¯ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØÙØ§Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠٠صدر ÙÙØ£Ù Ù ÙØ§ÙÙÙÙÙ ÙØ§ÙØ±Ø§ØØ©Ø ÙØ§ÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ«ÙاÙÙØ© ؚأÙÙ ÙÙØ§ ØªØ³ØªÙØ¯ Ø¥ÙÙ Ù ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ Ù ÙØ§ØšÙ Ø§ÙØµØØ±Ø§Ø¡Ø ØšÙÙ٠ا تعÙÙ Ø§ÙØµØØ±Ø§Ø¡ Ù ÙØ·ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ®Ø·Ø±. ÙÙØ°Ø§Ø ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ«ÙØ§ÙØ© اÙÙÙØšÙØ©Ø ÙØ±ØªØšØ· اÙÙÙÙ ØšÙÙ ØŽÙØ¡ ÙØªØ¹Ù٠ؚاÙÙØºØ© ÙØ§ÙÙÙÙ ÙØ§ÙØ£Ø®ÙØ§ÙÙØ§Øª. ÙÙØ£Ø¹Ø·Ù ٠ثاÙÙØ§ Ù Ù ÙÙ٠تÙÙ ÙÙØšÙتÙÙ ØªÙ Ø«ÙØ§Ù ÙØ°Ù٠اÙÙ ØªÙØ§ÙضÙÙØ "س٠ا" Ù"Ø¬ÙØ§".
"Ø¬ÙØ§" تعÙÙ ÙØ¬Ùد اÙÙ Ø§Ø¡Ø Ù Ù Ø§ ÙØ¹ÙÙ Ø§ÙØÙØ§Ø©Ø ÙØ§ÙØÙاة Ø§ÙØ«Ø±ÙØ©Ø ÙØ§ÙØÙاة اÙÙ Ø€ÙØ¯Ø©Ø ØšÙÙ٠ا "س٠ا" تعÙÙ ØºÙØ§Øš اÙÙ Ø§Ø¡Ø Ø§ÙØµØØ±Ø§Ø¡. ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙØšÙÙÙ ÙØ§ ÙØ³ØªØ®Ø¯Ù ÙÙ ÙØ§ØªÙ٠اÙÙÙ٠تÙÙ ÙÙØ· ÙÙØµÙ Ø§ÙØØ¶ÙØ± ÙØ§ÙØºÙØ§Øš اÙ٠اد٠ÙÙÙ Ø§Ø¡Ø ØšÙ Ø£ØÙاÙÙØ§Ø عÙ٠سؚÙ٠اÙÙ Ø«Ø§ÙØ ÙØµÙÙÙ ØŽØ®ØµÙØ§ ؚأÙÙ "ÙÙØš Ø¬Ø§Ù" Ø£Ù "ÙØ¯ Ø¬Ø§ÙØ©" Ø£Ù "ÙØ¬Ù جاÙ". ٠اذا ÙØ¹Ù٠ذÙÙØ "ÙÙØš Ø¬Ø§Ù" ÙØ¹Ù٠أÙÙ ÙØ§ ÙØŽØ¹Ø±Ø ÙÙ٠خاÙ٠٠٠اÙÙ ØŽØ§Ø¹Ø±Ø Ø¹Ù٠سؚÙ٠اÙ٠ثاÙ.
Ø£Ù "ÙØ¬Ù جاÙ"Ø ÙØ¹Ù٠أÙÙ ÙØ§ ÙØªÙ تع ØšØ£Ø®ÙØ§Ù Ø¬ÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠خاÙÙ Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø®ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØØ³ÙØ©. "ÙØ¯Ù Ø§Ù Ø¬Ø§ÙØªØ§Ù"Ø Ø¹Ù٠سؚÙ٠اÙÙ Ø«Ø§ÙØ ÙØ¹Ù٠أÙÙ Ù ÙØ¹ÙÙØ ÙÙÙ٠ا ÙØ¶Ø¹ ÙØ¯Ù Ø£Ù ÙØ¯Ù ٠عÙÙ ØŽÙØ¡ ÙØ¬ÙØ Ù ÙØ¹ÙÙ. ÙØ°Ø§Ø ٠اذا ÙØ®ØšØ±Ùا ذÙÙØ ÙÙÙ Ø£Ù ÙØ°Ø§ Ø§ÙØ«ÙØ§ØŠÙ ÙØ§ÙØªØ£Ù Ù Ø§ÙØšÙØŠÙ ÙÙØ¹ÙØŽ ØšØ¬Ø§ÙØš Ø§ÙÙÙÙ Ø£Ù ØšØ¹ÙØ¯Ùا عÙÙ ÙØŽÙ٠٠عاÙÙ Ø«ÙØ§ÙÙØ© ÙÙØºÙÙØ© ع٠ÙÙØ© ÙÙØÙØ§Ø© ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØžØ±Ù٠إÙÙ Ø§ÙØÙØ§Ø© ØšØ¹ÙØ¯Ùا ع٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØžØ±Ù٠إÙÙ Ø§ÙØÙØ§Ø© ØšØ¬Ø§ÙØš Ø§ÙÙÙÙ.
ÙÙØ°Ø§ ÙÙØ¹Ùس ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø¯Ùد Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ·ÙÙØ³. ÙÙØ€Ø®Ø° اÙÙ ÙÙÙØ¯ Ø§ÙØ¬Ø¯Ùد Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙÙØšØ§Ø±Ù. ÙÙÙØ€Ø®Ø° Ø§ÙØ²ÙØ¬Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ¬Ø¯Ø¯ Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ Ù Ù Ø®ÙØ§Ù Ø·ÙÙØ³ ٠عÙÙØ©.
ÙÙØ€Ø®Ø° Ø£ÙØ¶Ùا Ø§ÙØµØšÙ Ø§ÙØ°Ù خضع ÙÙØ®ØªØ§Ù Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙØ£ÙÙ ÙØ¬ÙØ© ÙÙÙØšØ§Ø±Ù ØšÙ ÙØ§Ù اÙÙÙÙ. ÙØ£Ù اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ø«Ù Ø£ÙØ¶Ùا Ø§ÙØ®ØµÙØšØ©Ø ÙÙ٠ث٠ÙÙ ØŽÙØ¡ Ø¬ÙØ¯ ٠ث٠اÙÙ ÙØ§ØŠÙØ©Ø ØšÙÙ٠ا Ø§ÙØµØØ±Ø§Ø¡ ÙÙ Ù Ø¬Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØŽØ±. ÙØ°Ø§Ø ÙØŽÙÙ ÙØ°Ø§ Ø§ÙØ«Ùا؊٠٠ا أس٠ÙÙ Ø§ÙØªØ£Ù Ù Ø§ÙØšÙ؊٠اÙÙÙØšÙ.
Ø¥Ù٠٠تجذر ؚع٠٠ÙÙ ØÙاتÙÙ ÙØªØ¬Ø¯ ذÙÙ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø¯Ùد Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ£ØºØ§Ù٠اÙÙÙØšÙØ©Ø ÙØ§ÙÙØµØµØ ÙØ§ÙØ§Ø³ØªØ¹Ø§Ø±Ø§ØªØ ÙØ§ÙØÙØ§ÙØ§Øª Ø§ÙØŽØ¹ØšÙØ©. ØŽÙØ±Ùا."
ØŽÙØ±ÙÙ: ÙØµØ© تا٠ر تعط٠ÙÙÙ ÙØ§ ع٠ÙÙÙØ§ ÙÙÙÙÙØ© ت؎ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØÙØ§Ø© ÙÙ ØŽÙ Ø§Ù Ø§ÙØ³ÙداÙ. Ø§ÙØªØšØ§ÙÙ ØšÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ®ØµÙØš ÙØ§ÙØµØØ±Ø§Ø¡ اÙÙØ§ØÙØ© ÙØ®ÙÙ Ø³Ø±Ø¯ÙØ§ ÙÙÙÙØ§ ÙÙ ÙÙÙ ÙØ§ ØÙÙØ§. ٠٠اÙÙ Ø«ÙØ± Ø£Ù ÙØ³Ù ع ÙÙÙ Ø£Ù ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØªØšØ§ÙÙØ§Øª Ø§ÙØ·ØšÙØ¹ÙØ© تتجذر ÙÙ ÙØºØ© ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙ Ø¬ØªÙ Ø¹Ø§ØªØ ÙØªØŽÙÙ Ø±Ø€ÙØªÙÙ ÙÙØ£Ø®ÙØ§ÙØ ÙØ§ÙØØžØ ÙØ§ÙØÙاة ÙÙØ³Ùا.
Ø§ÙØ·ÙÙØ³ Ø§ÙØªÙ ÙØµÙÙØ§ ØªØ§Ù Ø±Ø ØÙØ« ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ Ù ØµØ¯Ø±ÙØ§ ÙÙØšØ±Ùات ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙØ¯ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¬Ø¯Ø¯Ø ÙØ§ÙØ£Ø²ÙØ§Ø¬ Ø§ÙØ¬Ø¯Ø¯Ø ÙØ§ÙØ£ÙÙØ§Ø¯ Ø§ÙØµØºØ§Ø±Ø تØÙ Ù Ø±Ù Ø²ÙØ© ع٠ÙÙØ©. ÙØ°Ø§ "Ø§ÙØªØ£Ù Ù Ø§ÙØšÙØŠÙ"Ø Ù٠ا ÙØ³Ù ÙÙ ØªØ§Ù Ø±Ø Ù٠طرÙÙØ© ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙÙ ÙØŽÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ ØÙاة اÙÙØ§Ø³ ÙÙ Ø¹ØªÙØ¯Ø§ØªÙÙ .
ÙÙØ³ØªÙ؎٠اÙÙ Ø²ÙØ¯ ٠ع ؚثÙÙØ© ٠٠٠صر.
ؚثÙÙØ©:
"Ø£ÙØ§ ؚثÙÙØ© أسا٠ة. اÙÙ ÙØ³ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ¥ÙÙÙÙ ÙØ© ÙÙ ÙÙØ¹ Scidev.net ÙÙ Ù ÙØ·ÙØ© Ø§ÙØŽØ±Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ùسط ÙØŽÙ Ø§Ù Ø¥ÙØ±ÙÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ ØŽØ§Ø±ÙØ© ÙÙ ØªØ£Ø³ÙØ³ SciComm X. Ø¹Ø§ØŠÙØªÙ Ù Ù ÙØ±ÙØ© ØµØºÙØ±Ø© ØªÙØ¹ عÙÙ Ø¶ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ©.
اÙÙÙÙ Ù٠رÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¯Ø§ØŠÙ Ø ÙØ¬Ùد٠اÙÙ ÙØ¯ØŠ ØŽÙÙ Ø·ÙÙÙØªÙ ÙØ§Ø³ØªÙ ر ÙÙ Ø§ÙØªØ£Ø«Ùر عÙÙ ØÙاتÙ. Ø£Ø°ÙØ± Ø§ÙØ³Ø§Ø¹Ø§Øª Ø§ÙØªÙ ÙØ¶ÙØªÙØ§ عÙÙ Ø¶ÙØ§ÙÙØ Ø£Ø±Ø§ÙØš Ø§Ù٠اء ÙØªÙØ£ÙØ£ ØªØØª Ø§ÙØŽÙ س ÙØ£ØŽØ¹Ø± ؚاÙÙØ³ÙÙ Ø§ÙØšØ§Ø±Ø¯ ÙØÙ Ù Ø§ÙØ±ÙØ§ØŠØ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø·Ø±Ø©. ÙØ§Ù Ø±Ø²Ù Ø¹Ø§ØŠÙØªÙ Ù Ø±ØªØšØ·ÙØ§ ؚ؎ÙÙ ØªÙØ§Ø¹Ù٠ؚاÙÙÙÙ ØÙØ« ÙØ§ÙÙØ§ ÙØ²Ø±Ø¹Ù٠عÙÙ Ø¶ÙØ§ÙÙ ÙÙØ¹ØªÙ دÙ٠عÙÙ ÙÙØ¶Ø§ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ³ÙÙÙ ÙØªØºØ°ÙØ© اÙÙ ØØ§ØµÙÙ.
اÙÙÙØ¶Ø§Ù ÙÙ ÙØµØµ Ø¬Ø¯ØªÙ ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØªÙا Ù Ù Ø§ÙØªØ±ÙØš ÙØ§ÙØ¥Ø«Ø§Ø±Ø©Ø ØÙØ« ÙØ§ÙÙØ§ ÙØŽØ§ÙدÙ٠اÙÙÙØ± ÙØ±ØªÙع ÙÙØÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø¶ Ø¥ÙÙ Ø¬ÙØ© خصؚة. ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ ÙØ§Ù Ø£ÙØ«Ø± ٠٠٠جرد ٠صدر ÙÙØ¹ÙØŽ. Ø¥Ù٠ر٠ز Ø«ÙØ§ÙÙØ ٠تأص٠ؚع٠٠ÙÙ ØªØ§Ø±ÙØ® ÙØªÙاÙÙØ¯ ٠صر.
Ù ÙØ±Ø¬Ø§Ù ÙÙØ¶Ø§Ù اÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ؚدأ٠اÙ٠صرÙÙ٠اÙÙØ¯Ù اء Ù ÙØ° Ø¢ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ³ÙÙÙ ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØªÙا ÙÙÙØ±Ø ÙØ§ÙØŽÙØ±. ÙØ§Ù اÙ٠صرÙÙÙ ÙÙØ¯Ù ÙÙ Ø§ÙØªØ¶ØÙات ÙÙØ€Ø¯ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ±Ùصات ÙØ§ÙأغاÙÙ Ø§ÙØªÙÙÙØ¯ÙØ© ØªÙØ±ÙÙ ÙØ§ ÙÙØ¥ÙÙ ØØ§ØšÙØ Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ¹ØªÙد Ø£ÙÙ ÙØªØÙÙ Ù٠تدÙ٠اÙÙÙØ±.
Ø§ØØªÙاÙÙØ© Ø£Ø®Ø±Ù ØŽÙØ¯ØªÙا ØšÙÙØ³Ù ÙÙ Ø¹ÙØ¯ اÙÙØ·Ø±Ø Ø§ÙØ¹Ùد Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙÙØØªÙÙ ØšÙÙØ§ÙØ© ØŽÙØ± ر٠ضا٠اÙ٠ؚارÙ. Ø®ÙØ§Ù Ø¹ÙØ¯ اÙÙØ·Ø±Ø ØªØ²ÙØ± Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§ØŠÙØ§ØªØ ØšÙ Ø§ Ù٠ذÙÙ Ø¹Ø§ØŠÙØªÙØ Ø§ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØ§Ø³ØªÙ تاع ؚاÙÙØ²Ùات ÙØ±ÙÙØš Ø§ÙÙÙØ§Ø±Øš. Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÙØª ÙÙØ§Ø³ØªØ±Ø®Ø§Ø¡ ÙØ§Ùت٠تع ØšØ§ÙØ·ØšÙØ¹Ø©Ø ÙØªÙØ¯ÙØ± ج٠ا٠اÙÙÙÙ.
ÙØšØ±ØªØ ÙÙÙØª Ù ÙØªÙÙØ© ؚاÙÙØµØµ ÙØ§ÙØ£Ø³Ø§Ø·ÙØ± اÙ٠رتؚطة ؚاÙÙÙÙ. Ø¥ØØ¯Ù ÙØµØµÙ اÙÙ ÙØ¶ÙØ© ÙÙ Ø£Ø³Ø·ÙØ±Ø© Ø¥ÙØ²Ùس ÙØ£ÙØ²ÙØ±Ùس اÙÙ ØµØ±ÙØ© اÙÙØ¯ÙÙ Ø©. ÙÙÙØ§Ù Ø£Ù ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙ٠ت؎ÙÙ Ù Ù Ø¯Ù ÙØ¹ Ø¥ÙØ²ÙØ³Ø Ø¥ÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØ£Ù ÙÙ Ø© ÙØ§ÙØ³ØØ±Ø Ø¹ÙØ¯Ù ا ØØ²Ùت عÙÙ ÙÙØ§Ø© Ø²ÙØ¬Ùا Ø£ÙØ²ÙØ±ÙØ³. ؚعد Ø£Ù ÙÙØªÙ Ø£ÙØ²ÙØ±ÙØ³ عÙÙ ÙØ¯ أخÙÙ Ø³ÙØªØ ØšØØ«Øª Ø¥ÙØ²Ùس ØšÙØ§ ÙÙ٠ع٠جثتÙ.
Ø¹ÙØ¯Ù ا ÙØ¬Ø¯ØªÙ Ø£Ø®ÙØ±ÙØ§Ø ÙØ§Ù ØØ²ÙÙØ§ ØºØ§Ù Ø±ÙØ§. ØšÙØª Ù Ø±Ø§Ø±ÙØ§ ÙØªÙØ±Ø§Ø±ÙØ§ عÙÙ Ø²ÙØ¬Ùا Ø§ÙØØšÙØš. تدÙÙØª Ø¯Ù ÙØ¹Ùا ؚ؎ÙÙ ÙÙÙØ± ÙØ¯Ø±Ø¬Ø© Ø£ÙÙØ§ ØŽÙÙØª ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹ØžÙÙ Ø Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙØºØ°Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø¶ ÙÙØ¬ÙØš Ø§ÙØÙØ§Ø© Ø¥Ù٠٠صر.
Ø£ØµØšØ ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ Ø±Ù Ø²ÙØ§ ÙØ¥ÙØ²ÙØ³Ø Ø§ÙØØš Ø§ÙØ¯Ø§ØŠÙ ÙØ§ÙØØ²ÙØ ÙÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ¶Ø§ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ³ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙØžØ± Ø¥ÙÙÙ ÙÙØ¯ÙØ© Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ¥ÙÙØ© ÙØŽØ¹Øš ٠صر. ÙØ§Ùت Ø¥ÙØ²Ùس ØªÙØµÙÙÙØ± ØºØ§ÙØšÙا Ù٠رأة ØªÙØ±Ø¶Ø¹ اؚÙÙØ§ ØÙØ±Ø³Ø ÙÙÙ ÙØ§ÙÙØ© ØšØ¬Ø§ÙØš Ø§ÙÙÙÙ. Ø§ÙØµÙرة تر٠ز Ø¥Ù٠خصا؊ص اÙÙÙØ± Ø§ÙØªÙ ØªÙ ÙØ Ø§ÙØÙØ§Ø© ÙØ¯Ùر٠ÙÙ Ø±Ø¹Ø§ÙØ© ØÙاة ؎عؚ ٠صر."
ØŽÙØ±ÙÙ: سرد ؚثÙÙØ© ÙØ¹Ø±Ø¶ اÙÙÙÙ ÙØ±Ù ز ØªØ§Ø±ÙØ®Ù ÙØŽØ®ØµÙ Ù٠ذات اÙÙÙØª. ؚاÙÙØ³ØšØ© ÙÙØ¹Ø¯Ùد ٠٠اÙ٠صرÙÙÙØ اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ø£ÙØ«Ø± ٠٠٠جرد ÙÙØ±âØ¥Ù٠جزء Ù Ù ÙÙÙØªÙÙ Ø ÙØµÙØ© ؚ٠اضÙÙÙ Ø ÙÙØ¬Ùد دا؊٠Ù٠عاÙÙ Ù ØªØºÙØ±. ارتؚاط ؚثÙÙØ© ؚاÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØžÙر ÙÙ٠أÙÙ ÙØ³ØªÙ ر ÙÙ ØªØºØ°ÙØ© ÙÙØ³ ÙÙØ· Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø¶Ø ÙÙÙÙ Ø£ÙØ¶Ùا Ø±ÙØ اÙÙØ§Ø³.
ÙØ§ÙØ¢ÙØ دعÙÙØ§ ÙØ®ØªØªÙ رØÙØªÙØ§ ٠ع ÙÙØÙØ§ ٠٠إثÙÙØšÙا.
ÙÙØÙØ§:
"تØÙات٠ÙÙØ¬Ù ÙØ¹Ø اس٠٠ÙÙØÙØ§ ÙÙØªØ§ÙÙÙ. Ø£ÙØ§ Ù ØØ±Ø± ٠ساعد ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¥Ø°Ø§Ø¹Ø© Ø§ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙØ©Ø Ø§ÙØ¥Ø¹Ùا٠اÙÙØ·ÙÙ ÙÙ ØšÙØ¯ÙØ ÙØ³Ø£ØØ¯Ø«Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ Ø¹Ù Ø£ØØ¯ Ø§ÙØ£ÙÙØ§Ø± Ø§ÙØ£ÙÙÙÙÙØ© ÙØ§ÙÙ ÙØ¯Ø³Ø© ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ø§ÙÙ Ø ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙØ ÙØ§Ø±ØªØšØ§Ø·Ù Ø§ÙØ¹Ù ÙÙ ØšØ§ÙØÙØ§Ø© Ø§ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙØ©. اÙÙÙÙØ أ٠أؚا٠Ù٠ا ÙÙØ¹Ø±Ù Ù٠إثÙÙØšÙØ§Ø ÙÙØ³ ٠جرد ÙÙØ±Ø ØšÙ ÙÙ ØŽØ±ÙØ§Ù ØÙØ§Ø©Ø Ù٠صدر ÙÙØ±ÙØØ§ÙÙØ©.
Ù ÙØ§ÙÙ ØºØ°ÙØª أراض٠إثÙÙØšÙا ÙØ¢ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ³ÙÙÙØ ÙØ£ÙÙ ÙØªÙ ٠تجذرة ؚع٠٠ÙÙ ÙØ³Ùج Ø§ÙØ«ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙØ©. ÙØ¹Ø¯Ø© Ø£Ø¬ÙØ§ÙØ ÙØ¯Ù اÙÙÙ٠اÙ٠اء ÙÙØŽØ±ØšØ ÙØ§ÙØ²Ø±Ø§Ø¹Ø©Ø ÙØ¯Ø¹Ù اÙ٠جت٠عات. ÙÙØ³ ٠٠اÙÙ ØšØ§ÙØºØ© اÙÙÙÙ Ø¥Ù ÙØ¬Ùد اÙÙÙØ± ÙØ¯ Ø±Ø¹Ù Ø³ÙØšÙÙ Ø¹ÙØŽ Ù ÙØ§ÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙÙÙ.
ÙØ¹ØªÙ د اÙÙÙØ§ØÙ٠عÙÙ Ù ÙØ§ÙÙ Ù٠ر٠اÙÙ ØØ§ØµÙÙØ ٠٠ا ÙØ¶Ù Ù Ø£Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø§Ø¶Ù Ø§ÙØ®ØµØšØ© عÙÙ Ø¶ÙØ§Ù٠تست٠ر ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ§Ø²Ø¯Ùار. Ù٠اÙÙ ÙØ§Ø·Ù Ø§ÙØ±ÙÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙØžØ± Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙ٠عÙ٠أÙÙ ÙØšØ© Ù Ù Ø§ÙÙÙØ ÙØªØ¹Ø§Ù Ù Ù ÙØ§ÙÙ ØšÙÙ Ø§ØØªØ±Ø§Ù ÙØªÙØ¯ÙØ±. ÙÙ٠إÙÙ Ø¬Ø§ÙØš Ø§Ø³ØªØ®Ø¯Ø§Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ¹Ù ÙÙØ ÙØØªÙ Ø§ÙÙÙÙ Ù ÙØ§ÙØ© خاصة ÙÙ ÙÙÙØš Ø§ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙÙÙ.
ÙØ¹ØªÙد Ø§ÙØ¹Ø¯Ùد ٠٠اÙÙ Ø³ÙØÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø«ÙØ°ÙØ³ Ø§ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙÙ٠أ٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙØ± ٠ؚارÙ. Ø¥Ù٠٠صدر ٠رتؚط ؚاÙÙ ÙØ§Ù اÙÙ ÙØ¯Ø³Ø© ÙØ¬ØŽ Ø£ØšØšØ§ÙØ ØÙØ« ÙÙÙØ§Ù Ø£Ù ØªØ§ØšÙØª Ø§ÙØ¹Ùد ÙØ§Ù Ù Ø³ØªÙØ±Ùا ÙÙØ§ÙØ ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙØ§ÙÙÙØ± ÙØ±ØªØšØ· ØºØ§ÙØšÙا ØšØ§ÙØªØ·ÙÙØ± Ø§ÙØ±ÙØÙ.
Ø®ÙØ§Ù Ø¹ÙØ¯ "تÙÙ ÙØ§Øª"Ø Ø§ÙØ§ØØªÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙ ØšØ¹ÙØ¯ Ø§ÙØºØ·Ø§Ø³Ø ÙØºÙ ر اÙ٠؀٠ÙÙ٠أÙÙØ³ÙÙ ÙÙ Ù ÙØ§ÙÙ ÙØªÙرÙ٠ع٠اد ÙØ³Ùع ÙÙ ÙÙØ± Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø¯Ù. اÙÙÙÙ Ø£ÙØ¶Ùا ÙØžÙر ØšÙØ¶ÙØ Ù٠اÙÙÙÙÙÙÙØ± ÙØ§ÙØ£Ø³Ø§Ø·ÙØ± Ø§ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙØ©. Ø¥ØØ¯Ù اÙÙØµØµ Ø§ÙØŽØ§ØŠØ¹Ø© ØªØªØØ¯Ø« ع٠اÙÙ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØÙÙÙ ÙØ§ÙÙØšÙÙØ§Ø Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙØ§Ø¯Ù اÙÙ ÙØ§ØŠÙØ© ÙÙØØª اÙÙÙØ§ØŠØ³ Ø§ÙØŽÙÙØ±Ø©.
ÙÙØ§Ù أ٠اÙÙ ÙØ§ØŠÙØ© ÙØ¹Ø¯Ù٠ؚأ٠٠جر٠٠٠اÙÙÙÙ Ø³ÙØªØ¯Ù٠عؚر Ù Ù ÙÙØªÙ ÙÙØšØ§Ø±Ù ؎عؚÙ. ÙÙÙÙØ§ ÙÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø³Ø·ÙØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ±Ù ز اÙÙÙØ± Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¥Ø±ØŽØ§Ø¯ Ø§ÙØ¥ÙÙÙ ÙØ§ÙØÙ Ø§ÙØ©. ÙØµØ© Ø£Ø®Ø±Ù ØªØªØØ¯Ø« Ø¹Ù ØŽÙØ§Ùات اÙÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø²Ø±ÙØ Ø§Ù٠عرÙÙØ© ؚج؎ Ø£ØšØ§ÙØ أ٠اÙÙ ÙØ§Ù اÙÙ Ø¯Ø®ÙØ©.
Ø§ÙØŽÙØ§ÙØ§Øª ÙÙØ³Øª ÙÙØ· Ø¹Ø¬ÙØšØ© Ø·ØšÙØ¹ÙØ© ٠ذÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØ¹ØªÙد Ø£ÙØ¶Ùا Ø£ÙÙØ§ Ù ÙØ¬ÙØ© Ù Ù ÙØšÙ ÙØ§ØŠÙات Ø±ÙØÙØ©. ØºØ§ÙØšÙا ٠ا ÙØªØ±Ù اÙÙØ±ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙ ØÙÙÙÙ Ø¹Ø±ÙØ¶Ùا عÙÙ Ø¶ÙØ§Ù اÙÙÙØ± Ø·ÙØšÙا ÙÙØÙ Ø§ÙØ© ÙØ§ÙØšØ±ÙØ§Øª. ÙØ°Ù اÙÙØµØµ ÙØ§ÙØªÙØ§ÙÙØ¯ تؚرز Ø§ÙØ¹ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ±ÙØÙØ© Ø§ÙØ¹Ù ÙÙØ© Ø§ÙØªÙ ترؚط Ø§ÙØ¥Ø«ÙÙØšÙÙ٠ؚاÙÙÙÙ.
Ø¥Ù٠ارتؚاط ÙØªØ¬Ø§Ùز اÙ٠غا٠رات Ø§ÙØ¬Ø³Ø¯ÙØ© ØÙØ« ÙÙÙØžØ± Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙØ± ÙØ¬Ø³Ø± ØšÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø±Ø¶ ÙØ§ÙØ¥ÙÙ. Ù٠ا Ø§Ø³ØªÙØŽÙÙØ§ اÙÙÙÙ Ø ÙÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ø£ÙØ«Ø± ٠٠٠جرد Ù ÙØ²Ø© جغراÙÙØ©. Ø¥Ù٠ر٠ز ÙÙØÙØ§Ø©Ø ÙØ§ÙØ¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ ÙØ§Ù٠جت٠ع ÙØŽØ¹Øš إثÙÙØšÙا. Ù Ù Ø§ÙØ·ÙÙØ³ ÙØ§ÙØ§ØØªÙØ§ÙØ§Øª Ø¥ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø³Ø§Ø·Ùر Ø§ÙØªÙ ØªÙØ±Ù٠عؚر Ø§ÙØ£Ø¬ÙØ§ÙØ ØªØ£Ø«ÙØ± اÙÙÙÙ ÙØ§ ÙÙÙÙØ± ÙÙØ§ ÙÙØªÙÙ."
ØŽÙØ±ÙÙ: ÙØµØ© ÙÙØÙØ§ ØªØ³Ø§Ø¹Ø¯ÙØ§ عÙÙ Ø±Ø€ÙØ© اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØ³ ÙÙØ· ÙÙÙØ± Ù Ø§Ø¯ÙØ ØšÙ ÙÙØ§ØŠÙ ØÙ ÙØ³ØªØÙ Ø§ÙØ§ØØªØ±Ø§Ù ÙØ§Ùارتؚاط Ø§ÙØ±ÙØÙ Ø§ÙØ¹Ù ÙÙ. ÙØ°Ù اÙÙØµØ© تختت٠رØÙØªÙØ§ ÙØªØªØ±Ù ÙÙØ§ ØªÙØ¯ÙØ±ÙØ§ ع٠ÙÙÙØ§ ÙÙØ¯Ùر Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙÙØ¹ØšÙ اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ ØÙاة Ø£ÙÙØŠÙ Ø§ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙØ¹ÙØŽÙ٠عÙÙ Ø¶ÙØ§ÙÙ.
ÙØ°Ù ٠جرد ؚعض اÙÙØµØµ Ø§ÙØªÙ ؎ارÙÙØ§ ج٠ÙÙØ±Ùا Ø§ÙØ±Ø§ØŠØ¹! ØªÙØžÙر ÙØ°Ù اÙÙØµØµ اÙÙ ÙÙÙ Ø© Ø£Ù ÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£ÙÙ ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ«ÙاÙÙØ© Ø¶Ø±ÙØ±Ù Ø¹ÙØ¯ Ø§ÙØØ¯ÙØ« Ø¹Ù ÙØ¶Ø§Ùا اÙÙ ÙØ§Ù. Ø¥ÙÙØ§ تض٠٠أ٠اÙ٠عÙÙ٠ات تأت٠٠٠اÙÙØ§Ø³ Ø§ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙØ¹ÙØŽÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØªØ¬Ø§Ø±ØšØ ÙÙØŽØ§Ø±ÙÙÙ ÙØ¬Ùات ÙØžØ±Ù٠ؚدÙÙØ§ Ù Ù Ø£Ù ÙØµÙÙØ§ Ø§ÙØ¢Ø®Ø±ÙÙ ÙÙÙ .
Ù Ù Ø®ÙØ§Ù Ø§ÙØªØ±ÙÙØ² عÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£ÙÙ ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ«ÙاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØµØšØ تعÙÙ٠اÙÙ ÙØ§Ù Ø£ÙØ«Ø± Ø§ÙØªÙ اÙÙØ§ ÙÙØ¹Ø§ÙÙØ© ÙØ§ØØªØ±Ø§Ù ÙØ§ ÙÙÙÙÙ ÙØ§ÙÙ Ø¹ØªÙØ¯Ø§Øª اÙ٠تÙÙØ¹Ø© ØÙ٠اÙÙ ÙØ§Ù. ÙØ°Ø§ اÙÙÙØ¬ ÙÙØ«Ø±Ù ÙÙÙ ÙØ§ ØšØ§ÙØ±Ø€Ù Ø§ÙØªÙ ØªÙ ØªÙ Ø±ÙØ±Ùا عؚر Ø§ÙØ£Ø¬ÙاÙ.
أعزا؊٠اÙ٠ست٠عÙÙØ ÙØÙ Ù Ù ØªÙÙÙ ØÙÙØ§ ÙÙÙØµØµ ÙØ§ÙØ£ÙÙØ§Ø± ÙØ§ÙØªØ£Ù ÙØ§Øª Ø§ÙØªÙ ØŽØ§Ø±ÙØªÙ ÙÙØ§ Ù Ø¹ÙØ§. ÙÙØ¯ Ø¬Ø¹ÙØª Ù ØŽØ§Ø±ÙØªÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØÙÙØ© Ø§Ø³ØªØ«ÙØ§ØŠÙØ©. ØŽÙØ±Ùا ÙÙÙ Ø¬Ù ÙØ¹Ùا!
ØŽÙØ±Ùا ÙØ§Ø³ØªÙ اعÙ٠إÙÙ The H2Know. ÙØ§Ùت ٠عÙÙ Ø ØŽÙØ±Ù٠اÙÙØªØ§Ø±Ø ÙØ¢Ù ٠أ٠تÙÙÙÙØ§ ÙØ¯ است٠تعت٠ؚØÙÙØªÙا Ø§ÙØªÙ ØªØ³ØªÙØŽÙ Ø¯ÙØ± Ø§ÙØ£ÙÙ ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ«ÙاÙÙØ© Ù٠تعÙÙ٠اÙÙ ÙØ§ÙâÙØ°Ù اÙÙØžØ±Ø© Ø§ÙØªÙ ØºØ§ÙØšÙا ٠ا ØªÙØºÙÙ!
ØØ³ÙÙØ§Ø ÙØ°Ù ÙÙ ÙÙØ§ÙØ© Ø³ÙØ³ÙØªÙØ§ Ø§ÙØ£ÙÙÙ Ù Ù The H2KnowØ ÙÙ٠رØÙØªÙØ§ ÙÙ ØªÙØªÙÙ! ØªØ±ÙØšÙا Ø§ÙØ³ÙØ³ÙØ© اÙÙØ§Ø¯Ù Ø© Ù Ù Ø§ÙØÙÙØ§Øª. ÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙ٠تخ٠ÙÙ Ù ÙØ¶Ùع Ø§ÙØ³ÙØ³ÙØ© Ø§ÙØ¬Ø¯ÙØ¯Ø©Ø ØŽØ§Ø±ÙÙØ§ Ø£ÙÙØ§Ø±ÙÙ Ù Ø¹ÙØ§!
ÙÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø«ÙØ§Ø¡Ø ØªØ§ØšØ¹ÙÙØ§ عÙÙ Ù ÙØµØªÙ٠اÙÙ ÙØ¶ÙØ© ÙÙØšÙØ¯ÙØ§Ø³Øª ØØªÙ ÙØ§ تÙÙØªÙÙ ØÙÙØ§ØªÙا اÙÙØ§Ø¯Ù Ø©!
- Amharic
áŒáªá (Sherine) á¡ á¥áá³á áµá áá á£á á á«áááµá áááဠááá³á°á áá³ášá»á áá° ááá H2Know ááµá«áµáµ á á°áá áá¡!
á¥á áŒáªá á€á áá³á (Sherine El-Wattar) ᣠá áá ášH2Know ášááááªá« á°ášá³á³á ááá á á¥á¬á áœá ášááá ááááá¢
áá ášá°ááá° ášáá ááµá«áµáµ á áá°ááᢠáá á á°ááš ááá© áá³áœ ášáááá ášá°áá¥á® á á«á á áá£áœáᣠá áµááµá³áœáá á á¥á á£á á áááááœá áá á¥ááŽáµ á°á áá á¥áá°ááá¥á ááá³á°áµ áášáµ á£á ááá© ášáášá ááá¢
á áá áá áš H2Know ááááœá ášá°ááá°á áµááªááµ á ááá£áµ ášá°áá áµášá«áᜠááá ášá áµáá®á»áœáá áµáᜠá á¥á¬á á¥áááááᢠá¥á«áá³áá± á³áªá ášá°áá«á© áŠá³áᜠá¥á ášáá«á á á£á ááá áá ášá°á«á«á á¥áá³á ááᜠáá á«áááááá¢
ášááá¥ááµ á³á¥ááœá á á³á³ááá»áœá áá áááœá£ á á¥áá³á á€á°á°á£ážá á°ášá¶áœ á¥áá²áá áá á£á á á¥á ᥠá áá«ášááááµ ášá ááá® á¥ááá³áµ á°á¥áá áááá!
ášááááá«áá á³áªá (Salma) á/á® á³áá ášá±á³á á¥áá°áášá°áá á ááá°áááá¢
á³áá á¡ âá á±á³á áµá á á£á ášáááášá á áá³áªá ášáá á¥á ášááᥠááá á¥á» á³ááá ášá áááµ ááá á áµááá á¥áá°áááášá±áµ ááá¢á á²áµ ášá°ááá° á á»áá á á á£á ááµá¥ ááášá á áá± ášáá¢á«á á¥áá³á ášá ááá® áµáá á³ážá á²áá á ááá á áááµ á°áªááµ á áááážá ášáá¢á«ááᜠá áááµ ášááá áá á á¥á á ášá°áá«á áá á¢á á°ášááªá ááá ášáááááµá£ ášá áµááµ á¥á ášáá¥á ááá ášáá á¥áá áá á¥áá á«áá áá á á¥áá á¥á ášáááá© á áá³áªá®áœ áá á©á¢
áá á¥áááµ áá° á±á³á ášá°áá«á© ááá¶áœ ášááµááá± á ááµ ááá³ážáá áááá»áµ áááá ááá ááᢠá áá²áµ áŽáµ áá ášááá°áœ á áá ášá ááá á áá á á á áá§ á«á áŽá¶áœ áá° ááá ááµá°á á¥ááá£á¥áá©áá áá±á á áá ᥠášááá áá á«áµá°áááá³á ášáá«á á 14 á°áá áá á á«á·á ááášáµ áááá³á á¢
ášá á£á ááá á áµáµá ááá¢á«ááᜠášáááµ áá á á°á«á«á á¥á» á³ááá á á ááá³ážá ášááááµá ááá® áá¥á»áá ášáá® á¥áµáš áááµ ááá¢á á°áá á±á³á ášá á²áµ ááœá« á€á°á°áŠáœ ááœáªáµá á ášááᎠášááá£á£ á á á á áá¥á°á áš á áá á ááµ á ááá°áµ ááµáá á¥ááµáµá³á ᥠá¥á á á á£á áá á¥ááµáµá£ášá á«á°ááá á¥áá áá ášááá áá áµ áµáááµ (seira) áŽá« áá°áá ᢠá áá«á áŽá¶á¹ á á ááµááµ á áá«áááµ áá á«áááá¢
á±á³áᜠášááá áá á°ááá³ážáá ášá¥áááá ášááœá³áµ á á á á¥áá³áá á«áááᢠá á°á¡á¥ á±á³á ášáŽáá« á¥á ášááá áá³áᜠášá á£á ááá á ááááµá á áµáá¥á·á á¥áá á«áá áá áá¢
á áá á ášá°áá³ ášááá±á áŸá³áᜠááá»ážáá áááá ááµáááµ á áµááá á áá ášá¥ ááµá©á áá áá«á°á¥á ášááœá áááá á¥áá³á«áᣠáážáá© áá áᢠááᜠá°áá ášá á£á ááá ášááá á³áªá«á áᣠáá á¥áá á«áá áá á áááá«á±á á£á«áµ ášááµá£á ááá áá á°á¥áááœá¢ á¥áµáªášáá áµášáµ áá° ááá áµáŠá³ á áá£á á¥áá²á°á¡áµ ááá» áááá«áµ ááážáá á¢
ášá¥ááµ á±á³ááá«á á¥áá£á ášá á£á ááá áá á«áá áµáµáµá á á°áá ášáááá ášáá¢á«á áááá¥áµ áá€áµ á³ááá ášááááá á«áá±á á°á¡á¥ 1,400 áªá ááµá áááµ á á°á¡á£áá ášá á£á ááá ážáá á á áᥠá£áá á¥áµáš á°áá áá¥á áµáá á áµášáµ á ááᜠá³áá·á ᢠášááá²á áááŠáœ ášáá¡á áµ ášáµáááµ á áá ááá® á¥áá£áá á¥áµáš áá°ááµ ááá á°áá¶á á£ášáá á á¥áá³áá á©áœ ááá áááá¥áµ ááá á ááá²á á ááªáŠááá«á ááá® á¥áµášááá°á áµ áµášáµ ášá°áá á³áªá á«áá á³áá áµášá« ááá¢
ášá±áá áá£á á á-á²áá á©á±á á£áœá á³áá á á-áá«á²áµ ( al-Tijani Yusuf Bashir In his poem Salil al-Faradis) á á°á°áá áá¥á á á±á³á á ááŠáœ á¥á á á á£á ááá áá«ášá á«ááá ášá¥ááµ ááá® á á°áá á¥á á ááá£á áµášá« á²ášá á ášáá ášáá áá© áááááµ ááá¿áᢠá á¥ááµ áá á á°áá á±á³á á áááá ášá°á¡á¥ ážáá á¥áá£á ááµá¥ á á£á ášá¥á©ááµá£ ášá ášášáµ á¥á ášááµášáášá á ááááµ ááá áá³ á¥áá°áá á«áá áá áᢠá±á³ááá«á ášááá áá á£áážá á ááµááµ ááá ášááááµ ááá á¥áá°áá á«ááá á á ááªá± ááµá¥ á«áá ášááá ááááµ ášá¥áá£á á áá¶áœ áá áá ááá°áá«áá¢â
áŒáªáá¡ á³ááá áµáá ášáááá áµáµáµá á ááá°ááá á áá á áµáµáµá ášáá® á£á»áá ášá°áᜠá ááá áá á«ááá ááááµ á°áááá°ááᢠáááᜠá á£á áá á¥áá°ááááá ááá áá³ášá± á¥á á á±á³áᜠá áááµ á°áá áµá ášá°á°á° á£á á ááá© ášáá°áá ááᢠá³áá ášá áá·ážá ášá ááá® á¥ááá¶áœá£ áááá®áœ á¥á ááµááá¶áœ á¥áá³á ááᜠá¥á» á áá°ááᢠáá¬á ášáá á ášá°á¡á ááááµ ášáááá á á«á ááá¶áœ áážáá¢
á¥ááá²á á ááá áá á³á¹ á°ášá³á°áá á áá£á (Youssef) á©á±á áš áá¥áœ áá°áá«áá«á á³áªá ášáááá ááááá¢
á©á±á á¡âá©á±á áŠá³á á¥á£ááá á áááá áá¥á ášááá á á á°á¢áµ ášáá£á á°áá áá ášáá£ááµá¢ áᬠá áá¥áœ áµááááá ášá á£á ááá á¥ááá«ááᢠá¥áá° á ááµ á áá¥á á ááá ášá á á°á¢áµ á°áá áá᪠á á£á ášá ááᎠáá á á«á ááá¢
áááá ááá á¥ááµ á¥á áááááá ááá áááµášá á¥áá ááá á³áá ᢠá¥áá²áá á á á áá¡ ááááᥠá¥á á á¥áá³á ááááááµ áá° á á£á ááá á¥ááá³ááᢠá áá áᎠášá á£áŽ áá áᣠááá¥ááµ á£á á¥áá áááážá«ážá á¥á á á¥áá³á ááá°á°áµ áááá áá° á á£á ááá áááµ á¥ááµ áá áá¢
á¥áµáš á áá áµášáµ ášáá£á á áááµá á¥áášá¥á«ááᢠá³ááá á á£á ááááµáá áá° á á£á á¥ááá³ááᢠá¥áá á á«áŽ á¥á á áá¶áŒ áá° á á£á ááá áá°á á á á£ááœá á¥á áá«áá¬ááœá áá° ááá ááµá¥ á ááááá ááá á áá£á áá á£á á«áážáá áá á áááá»áá¢
áá¬á áá° á á£á á³áá» á áááµ ášá€á°á°áŠá»áœá á¥á ášáá°áá»áœá áá á¥ááááááᢠá á£á á á ááá³áœá ááµá¥ á«ááá á áá áá ááá áŠá³ á¥ááµá³áá³ááᢠášáá«á á á£áá ášáááá°ááá áµá âáá á€á-ááâ (Wafaa El-Neel) ášá°á°ááá á áá á¥áášá¥á«áá áá á á ášááá± áŠááµáµ 15 á¥.á .á áášá á«áá¢
áá¬á áµášáµ áµá á á£á á ááá ášáááá á á á³áªá á áᢠááá á¥áá áá á©á³áᢠá á«á¶áŒ á¥á á áá¶áŒ ááá á¥á ááá á á¥á á¥áá°áá á¥á áááááá ááá áááµášá ááá áá¥áá» ášááá á¥á© áá¬áµ á°á¥á¶áá á¥áá á«áá áá áᢠáš10 áááµ áá á³áá ášáááá áá¥á á á á°á¢áµ á¥áµáš á³áœáá áá¥á á¥áµáááµáá« áµášáµ á ááá ááá á á áᥠáµááá ááµá¥á«á áá¥áµ á°áá»ááᢠá¥áá áá°áጠá¥ááá á á³áªá®áœ ááµááµ á«áµá°áµá°áá á¥áá á ááµ áá áá¥á±á á¥ááááá á¥áá á¥ááá áá áᢠâ
áŒáªáá¡ ášáá°áá áá ! á©á±á ášá á£á± áá á«á³áááá ášáá ááµ áµáá³ááœá£ á á á£ááœá á¥á áá«áá¬ááœá áá á£á ááá ášáá«ááá¡á áµá áá ášáááá áµ ááááµ ášáá á¥áá³á ááá áá á«ááá ášá á á áááááµ á«á³á«áá¢
á¥áá²áá á©á±á ášáááá ââáá°áµ á¥áá°ááá£á á á¥á áá áá¬á¶áœá á¥áá°áá°á£ážá áµááá³ááá ášááá á ááá ááá áá¥áá± ášááá ááá á áá¥á á£á á ááµá¥ áµááá áá á á°áᥠá¥ááµáášá³á á áµááááá¢
á áá£á (Fitih) ááµá ášá¢áµá®á°á« ášá á£á ááá» áá°ááá áááµá°ááá¢
ááµá á¡ â á á¢áµá®á°á« ááµá¥ á á£á á á ááá³áœá áµáá áŠá³ á¥áá³áá á¥ášá°ááášá áá á«á°ááá á á¥ááá ášá áá°á á°ášá áµáá ááµ áá ášá°áááážá áááá®áœ áµá á á£á á«áµá³á á¥áá âNileâ á á£á á°á¥á áá á«á á¢á¢áµá®áµá« ááµá¥ á«á á¥á ášá áᥠááááᜠáµá á á£á á«ááá ááá¢
áá¥áᜠá¥áá²áá áááá³á áµášá«áᜠášáá£áá ááá á¥áá° áá áá á£á ᪠áá á á³áᢠá ááµ áá³á á¥á» áá¥ááµá¢ á ášááá± á°ášá á ááµá£á ááá°á ááµá¥ á³áá ááááá³á á áá áášá á«áá¢
á°ášá ášá á£á ááá ááá /ááá» á¥áá°áá áá³áááᢠá áá« á«á ášáŠáá¶á¶ááµ á°áá á¶ áááµáµá«á áá á ášá°á¥ ášá á±áµ áááá¥á©áá áá á ááá ááá ááªá« á«ášá¥á«á á¥á ášá°áá°á° áá ááá á á á ášááá á áá á³áµ ášáŠáá¶á¶ááµ á°áá á¶ áááµá²á«á áá á ášá°á¥ á ááᜠáááá±á á³áᢠá á¡á áááá¥á©á ášááá°á© ášááá³ážá á ááµ á á°ášá á á«á£á¢ áá¥á ááá³áµ ááá©áŽ ááá á²á«áµá°áá© áá áá¢
á¥áá ášááá°á© ášááá³áœ á ááµ ášáá«áµá°áá©á áµá á á±á³áµ áá»áááµ á ááá á³áá» á³ááá á ááá ááµá¥ á¥áá²á°áá© ášááááµ á á±áµ ááá¥ááµ á°ášá³ážáᢠá¥áá á«áá á á°ášá ᢠᚠá°á£áµ á áá³áµ á áá á²ááá± á á±á³áµ áá»ááá±á ááá áá á³ááá«ážá á³áá á°á¥á± á¥á á³áá áá¹ ááá£áµ áœááá áµááá á°áᜠá ááá© ááªá« ášá á£á ááá áááá³á ááááá¶áœ á¥áá³á á á¥á¥áá á«ááá á¥áá á áá« á«áá áá ášáááµ ááá á¥áá³áá á«áááá¢
áµááá ášá á«á£á¢á á°áᜠáááá á¥áá° ááµáááµááµ áá ááá á³á ášá á¡á áááá¥á©á á á á³áªáá á áŠáá¶á¶ááµ á°áá á¶ áááµá²á«á áá á ášá°á¥ ááµá¥ áµáá áŠá³ á ááᢠá á¢áµá®á°á« ááµá¥ á á£á ášá¥á á°áᜠáá áªá« áµá áá ášáµáá± á£ášááááá± á¥áá²áá ášáµáá ááµá á¥áá± áá á á°á«á«á ášááá ášá°á¡ áá á£áá áµáµáµá áááá«áµ á°áᜠáááá»ážáá áá áá áµá á²á«áá¡ ááµá°ááá á¢
á¥áá á á£á á á¥á áá á ášá°á¥ ášá áááµ á°áááµ áááá«áœá ááµá¥ á á á¢ášá á£á áá á á°ááá á á£á á¥á ášá¥á áœáá á¥á«áᜠá áᢠá á á ááá á¥ááá ášáµá-áœáá áµá«áᜠá á¬á³áᣠááááᣠáááµá ášáá«áááá± á²áá áá á á á£á á¢áµá®á°á«ááœá áá¥áá ááá áááᥠá áá»áá á áá ááá¢
á ááµ á á£á á°áá³á ášá ááá á á£á£á ááá³áá¹ âá á£á áá°áá« ášáá áááµ áá ááá«áâ áá£áá á áá á á á£á áá áá ášá€áµ áá¥á¶ á°ááá¶ ášáááá£áá á¥á áááœá ášááááá á᪠á€á±á ááá³áµ á«áá»ááá áá á áµáá áááŸá³á á¥áá áµá á á£á á²áá³ áá áá ášáááᣠášááááµ á¥á ášá á¬á³ ááááµ á áᢠá³áµá« áš 10 á ááµ á ááµ á³áá á á³áŽ ááá£á³ á ááášá áµ áá áµ á á á£á ááªá« á«á ášá¥á áœáá á¥á«áᜠášááááµ ááᥠá¥á ááá³á³áµ á á³áá·áᢠá¥áá á áá áááá¹ áá¢áµá®áµá« á°áµááᣠáµáá á¥á ášá°á»á áááµá á«áááá³áᢠâ
áŒáªáá¡ ášáááá áá ! ááµá á¢áµá®á°á«áá«á áš á á£á ááá áá á«áážáá áµáá áµáµáµá á°áá®ááá á ááµ áá«á áá á¥áá° á©á«áµá£ ááá á¥á á°áµá á«á ášá°áá«á© áµáá¶áœá ááá á© ášáááá áá ᢠášá á£á á°ášáµ ášáá«á³ášá á á£á ášáá á áá áá á«á á ášááááµ á¥á ášáá£ášá ááá á«áá á¥áá°áá ááᢠášá³áªá®áœ ášááá áá° á°áµá áážááá á á ááŠáœ á¥á á ááá áá«ášá á«áá áááááµ á¥ááŽáµ á¥ášá°áášáš á¥áá°áᣠá¥á á á á²áµ á°áµá á¥á°áá á¥áá°áá á«á³ášááá¢
á¥áµá«áá 3 á³áªá®áœá á°áááá°áá ááá¹áá á¥áµááá ááá°áá á áá£á á³áá (Tamer) áš á±á³á áá° áá«áá«á á³áªá á¥ááááá á¢
á³áá á¡ â á á£á á á°áá«á© áááá¶áœ ášá ááᎠá á«á áá ááááá á«á á á áá¢á« á°áá á±á³á áá ášá°áááµá©áµ á¥áá á á áá© á á«á£á¢áá ááááá á«á á ááááµ ááá ášááœáá á á á£á á³á á á£á¥ áá¬áµ á¥á» ááᢠášáá« á᪠á«áá áµáá« á ášáá áá á¥áá áá ášá á£á á¥á ášá ášáá áá©ááµ á áá¢á«á á£á á ááµá¥ á á£á ááá¶ áá³á«áá¢
á á£á á á áááµ ááµá¥ ášááá«á ááá áá ááá á¥á á°áá³ááµ ááᢠá¥áá á á ááá á£á áá á¥áŽá¶á¹ á á á£á á¥á á ášáá áá©ááµ áá ášá°áá°ášá° á²áá á ášáá á á°áá áááá ááááá á áá á ášá°áá³ á á£á á áá¢á«á á£á á ášááá ᣠášá¥áŽá¶á»ážá á¥á ášááá£á«ážá áá áµáá ááááµ á áá á¢áá³á áááµá áµ á«á á áááµ á³á á¥á áá (sama and jawa) ášá°á£á ášáá¢á« áááµá ááá³
áá ášáá ááááµ á²áá á«á á á áááµá ááááá á á°áá«áá á³á á°áá ášáá á áááá á ášá áááµ ááᢠááá áá áá¢á«áá«á ášááá á á«áá ááá á¥á á ááááá ááááᜠá¥á» á¥ááá á áááµ á áá áááᢠá áá³ááŽá ášáᥠáá á«á ášááá á¥á áµááµ á áᣠášáá á°áá ááááᜠáá ááá á³áá¢
ááá³á á°áá³á áᥠá«áá á°á á¥á© áµá-ááá£á ááááá á¥áµá á¢áµá á¥ááš á°ášá ášááá ášá°áá³ ááá®áœ á áá³á©ááµá á¥áá ášáá«á ááá áá áµááá áᜠášá°ášáá áá ááá³áᢠá³á²á« áá ášáááášá ášá á£á á³á ášááá ááá ášá á£á áá ášááá áá©ááµ ášáµá-áá á³á«á á¥á ášá£á á ááá áµááá á áááµá á áááá ááá© á¥ááŽáµ á¥áá°á°ááᣠááá¢
á¥á áá á á¥á ášá ááá® á¥ááá¶áœ ááµá¥ ááážá£ášáá á á²áµ ášá°ááá° ááá ááá£ášá áá° á á£á ááá ááá°á³áᢠá á²áµ ášá°áá¡ á¥áá¶áœ á áá© ášá ááá® á¥ááá¶áœ áá° á á£á ááá°á³áᢠá á²áµ ášá°áášá áá á á ááááªá« áá° á á£á áááµ á¥á á á á£á áá áá£ášá á áá áµ áááá«á±á á á£á á ááááµ á¥á ááá«á ááá áá á ááá¥ááµ ááášáá á ášáá á°áá á áááµ ááášáá ᢠáµááá áá áááµááµ ášáá¢á«á eco-cosmology á«áá©áµá ááá°áá³áá¢
á áááá³ážá ááµá¥ á á¥áááµ ášá°á«á°á° áµááá á á¥á ášáá¢á«á ááááœá£ á³áªá®áœá£ ááá€ááœá á£á áá á³áªá®áœ ááµá¥ ááááᢠá áá°áááá! â
áŒáªáá¡ á³áá á«áá«á á³áªá ášá á£á ááá áá á«á á á á°áááá á±á³á á«ááá á áááµ á¥áá°áášážá á¥áá áááဠá°á¥á¶ááá¢á á á£á ááá á¥á á á ášáá áá«ášá á«áá ášáá á á áµášá« ášáá°áá ááá¢á¥ááá á°áá¥á¯á á°ááááᜠá áá á ášá°áŠáœ ááá á¥á á¥áŽáµ ááµá¥ á¥ááŽáµ á¥áá°á°á«á°á± á á¥á ááá£áᣠá á¥á£ ááá³ážáá ááááµ áá á«áážáá á ááá«ášá¶áœ á¥ááŽáµ á¥áá°áááá¹ ááµááµ á áµá°áá ááá¢
á á£á áá á«áµ ááááµá£ á á²áµ á°áá¢áᜠá¥á áá£áµ áááµ ááᜠášá ášášáµ ááá ášááá áµ á³áá ášááážá á¥áááµ á ááá® á¥áá áá³á ááᢠá³áá á¥áá°ááá áá âeco-cosmology " á á£á á áááµá á¥á á¥ááá¶áœá á¥ááŽáµ á¥áá°áááᜠášáá«áµášá³ ááá¢
á áá£á (Bothina) áŠá²á ášáá¥á áá°áá³áá«á á³áªá á¥áááááá¢
áŠá²á á¡ "áŠá²á áŠá³á á¥á£ááá á (MENA) áá«ášááá ááµá«á á¥á á°áá á ááªá« ááá áš Scidev.net áááá á áµá°á£á£áª á¥á ášSciComm X á°á£á£áª ááµá«áœ ááᢠá€á°á°áŠáŒ á ááá ááá á³áá» á«áᜠáááá« (Monofeya) ášááµá£á áµáᜠááá°á ášáá¡ áážáá¢
á á£á ášá¥ááµ áá°áᬠáá ဠáá ááŽá ášáášá á¥á á á ááᎠáá ášáá«ááᥠá°áœá¥á á«á³á°áš ááᢠáµáá áá¥á ášááážá á°áá³áµá á«á³ááá©á áµ ášá£á á á³áá» ášáá³áᜠᣠášááá áážá¥á«á á¥á ááááá áááµ ášáá«áá£áá á£áá ááá á áµá³áá³ááᢠášá€á°á°á€ áá® ášá á£á ááá áá á á¥á á ášá°á³á°áš áµááá á ááá á³áá» á«áá³á á¥á áááá«áµá á áá³á ááá áá á°ááµáá°á ááá¢
á á á«áŽ á°ášáµ ááµá¥ á«áá ááá ášáááµ á¥á ášá°áµá³ áá áá áááá«á±á ááá ááµáªá±á áá° áááá áááµááµ á²ááášá áááášá± áá á á¢ášáá£á ááá ášáááµ ááá³ ááá á¥á» á áá°ááᢠá áá¥á á³áªá á¥á ááᜠááµá¥ áµá ášá°á°á° ášá£á á áááá« ááá¢
ášá¥ááµ áá¥ááá«á ášá¥á áºá ááá³áµ á ááµ ášááá©áµ ášá á£á ááá á áá ášá°áµá³á ášááµáá áá áá áᢠáá¥ááá«á ášáááá ââáá°áµ ááá£á á«á á°á¥á ááá³ááá ááá á ááá áá¥á á²á á£á áá áááá á¥á ááááœá ááµáááµ á áµááá á«ááá¡ áá á á¢
ááá á á áá ášá°ááášáµá©áµ ááá á áá ášá¢áµ á ááá¥á á áá á²áá ášášáá³á áá ášáá«á áá áµ á áá ááᢠá ááµ áá á€á°á°áŠáœ ášáá á€á°á°á¥ ášáá® ááœááœá á¥á á ááᣠáááá áá£áá ááá ááᢠášááááᵠᣠá ááµ áá ášááá ᣠášá°áá¥á® áá ášáá°á³á°á á¥á ášá á£áá áá áµ ášááá°áá á áµ áá áá á¢
á¥á«á°á©á áµáᣠášááá áá á á°á«á«ááµ áµáá áá¥á á ááážá á°ášá¶áœ á¥á á á á³áªá®áœ á°áášá©áᢠášááá³ážá á³áªá®áœ á áá± ášá áá²áµ á¥á áŠá³áášáµ (Isis and Osiris) ášáµá®á ášáá¥á á á á³áªá ááᢠášá á£á ááá ášá°áá°ášá°á ášá¥ááµááµ á¥á ášá áµááµ á ááá ášáááœá ášá áá²áµ á¥áᣠáá áá á á£áá€á·á áŠá³áášáµá á ááµ áµá³á£ áá áá£ááᢠáŠá³áášáµ á áááµá á áŽáµ ášá°áá°á á áá á£áá€á± á áá²áµ á°ááá±á á«ááá³ášáµ áááá áá áᢠá áášášá» áµá³ááá ááá á¥á á á á£á ášá£áµ áá áᢠáµáááµáá°á á£á á¥á á ášááá£á· ášá°áá³ á¥áá£áá¿ á³ááá ášá á£áá ááá áá¥ášá ááµáªá±á á¥ášááá¡ ááá¥á ááááµá á°á¡á¢"
áŒáªáá¡ áŠá²á á áµášá«á á á£áá á¥áá° á³áªá«á á¥á ááá ááááµ á áá«áá ááá³ á á³áá³áááœá¢áá¥ááá ášáá¥á áá á ášá°á¥ á á£á ášáááááµ á£á»áá ášáááá³ážá á á«á áá ᣠá«ááá á ááá³ážá áá á¥á á ášááá ášááááá á á áá áá ášáá«ááá ááᢠáŠá²á ášá á£á áá á«áá áááááµ áá¬á±á á¥á» á³ááá ášá°ááœá ááááµ á¥ááŽáµ á¥áá°áááᥠá áµáááá³áááœá¢
á¥áá ášáášášá»á áµášá«áœá ášá¢áµá®áµá« á á®áááµ (Yohannes ) ááááá¢
á®áááµ (Yohannes): " á°áá ᣠá®áááµ ááá³áá á¥á£áááᢠášááᬠáááá á¥ááá á ááá ášá¢áµá®áµá« á¥á®áµá«áµá²áá á®ááá¬áœá ááµá¥ ášá³áµ á ááá áá á¥áá áᬠá á áá áá á«ááµ á°áá³áá³á á¥á ášá°áá°á± áááᜠá áá± ášááá ášá á£á áááá á¥á ášá¢áµá®áµá«áá«á áá áµááá á¥áá áµáµáµá á¥ááá«ááᢠááá (Nile) ááá á á¢áµá®áµá« á á£á á°á¥á ášáá á«á ááá á¥á» á³ááá ášááááµ ááµááᣠášáááá³áááµ ááá á¥á ášá¥ááµ á¥áá£á ááá ááá¢
ááá ášá¢áµá®áµá«á ááµá ááºá ááá³áµ á ášáµáá·á á ááá³áá á á¢áµá®áµá«áá«á á£á á ááµá¥ ášá áá ááá¢áááááµ á á£á ááá á¥á£ áá¥áá» á¥á ááá á ášá°áŠáœ ááá ášáá á á ááŠáµ ááá áá á á¢á¥áá ášááá ááááµ á ááá®á áááá á© á¢áµá®áµá«áá«á á ááá áá á¢á£á áááá á ááááá¢
á áá¶ á á°á®áœ á ááá á áá°ááá ááµáá á°á á áá á ááá á³áá» á£á áá áá¬á¶áœ áá á«áá³á ᢠá áá á á á«á£á¢ á á£á á¥áá° á¥ááá á¥áá áµáŠá³ áá ášáá³ášá áááá á á áá¥á®áµ áá«ááᢠááá áá á á£á ášáááµ á°áááµ á°áá£á«á á¥á á á£áá á á¢áµá®áµá«áá«á áᥠááµá¥ áµáá áŠá³ á ááᢠá¥á ášá¢áµá®áµá« áŠáá¶á¶ááµ á°ááá¶ á¥áááµ á°ášá³á®áœ á á£á ášá°á£ášáš ááá áá á¥áá á«áááᢠášáᜠá á£á á á±áµ áá áá ášá°á«á«á ááá á²áá á³áŠá° á á á á ááµ áá áµ á áá« á ááá áá£ááᢠá¥ááá áá áááá ášáááá³á ááœá á áá á«á«ááá³áá¢
á á¢áµá®áµá« áŠáá¶á¶ááµ á°ááá¶ ášá¥áááµ á áá ášá¢ášá±áµ áááµá¶áµá á á®áá³ááµ ááá áá áá áááášá áá¥ááá á ááá ááµá¥ áá áááᢠá á£á á á¢áµá®áµá«áá«á á á á³áªá®áœ ááµá¥á ááá¶ áá³á«áᢠá á¥á«á° áááµá²á«ááµá ááá ášáœ á ááá¥ááµ á°ááá°á ášáá á©áµ á¥á á³áªáá á áááá ááá ááááµ ááᥠááá á ááá¥áá± ášá á£á ááá á ááááµá³ážá ááµá¥ á¥áá°áááµ á áá¡áá á¥áá°áá£áá áá áá¥á°ááá³á áá£ááá¢
ááá á áá á á á³áªá áá°ášáµ ááá®á³á áááªá«á á¥á á¥á áá á«áááá³áᢠáááá áµá áᜠá á£á ááá á¢áµ á á£á ( the Blue Nile Falls) ášáááá á³áªá á áá¢
ášá¢áµ á á£á ááᎠášá°áá¥á® áµáá ááµá¥á áá± á£á»áá áááá³á áááááµá á áá ášá á«á£á¢á áááªáᜠá¥á áá á ááá á³áá» áµáŠá³ááœá á áá ášá¥ á¥á á á¥á á ášášá¶áœá áááááµ ááážááᢠá¥ááá á³áªá®áœá ááᜠá¢áµá®áµá«áá«á ášá á£á áá á«áážáá á¥áá áááá³á áµáµáµá áá³á« áážáá¢
ášá á«áá áá° ááµá¢á«áááµ ášáá«áá áááááµ á áá á áá«á ááá á ááµá á¥á á ááá®á³á áá«ášá á¥áá° áµááµá áá áá³á«áᢠáᬠá¥áá°á³á°áµáá ášáá£á ááá ášáááá ááµá«á ááœá³ á¥á á ášáá ááᢠáá£á áá¢áµá®áµá« á áᥠášá áááµ ášá¥áááµ á¥á ášáá á ášá°á¥ ááááµ ááᢠá á ááá® á¥á á áááµ á áá«áááµ áš áµáááµ áá° áµáááµ áážááá© ášá á£áá á°áœá ášááá«áµ á¥á áá£áááµ á«áá á áµááá³áᢠ"
áŒáªáá¡ á®áááµ á«áá«á á³áªá á á£áá á¥áá° ááá á¥á» á³ááá á¥áá áááá³á áµáµáµáá ášá«á áá«á áá¡á áá á¥ááµáášá á áµááááᢠáá á³áªá áááœáá á ááᣠá¥á«á ááá á á£á á ááµá¡ á ááá© á°áᜠá áááµ áá ááá«áá°á ášáá°á áá á¥áá á áµáááµ á¥ááµáá°á á á«á°áááá á¢
á°ááá«áŸá»áœá á«áá©á á áá«á³ á³áªá®áœ ááµá¥ á¥áá¶á¹ á¥ááá áá á©! á¥ááá á ááá á³áªá®áœ áµá áá áá³á®áœ áµááááá ášá£á áá á ááá³ áášá³áµ áá³á áááá á«á³á©ááᢠáá á áášááá ááᜠášáááá¹áµ ááá á ááµá¡ ášááá© á°áᜠá ááá«ášáµ ááá£á±á á«ášááá¥ááá á¢
á£á áá á áá£á¥ááµ áá áá°á®á«áœá ášáá áµáá ááµ ášá áá ášá°ááᣠáá€á³á á¥á áµá áá á«á ášá°áá«á© á¥áŽá¶áœá á¥á á¥ááá¶áœá ášáá«ášá¥á á áµááá³áᢠáá á á á«ááµ á áµááá¶áœ ááµá¥ ášáá°ááá áááá€ááœá á¥ááµáášá³ á«áµáááá ááá¢
ááµ á áµáá®á»áœá áá¥á áµáá«ááá á³áªá®áœá£ áááá€áᜠá¥á á áµá°á«ášá¶áœ ášáᥠá¥ááá°ááááᢠá°á³áµáááœá áá á ááá áá© á¥áá²áá á áµááá³áá¢
áááœááá á áá°áááá!
H2Knowá á¥á«á³áá¡ áµááá© á¥ááá°ááááᢠá á¥á¬á«á¹ ášáášááµ á¥á áŒáªá á€ááá³á áá áá©á á¥ááá áá áœá ášáá£ááá á£á ááá á áµá°á«ášáµ á áá áµáá ááµ ááµá¥ á«ááá áá ášáááá áµá ááá á¥áá°á°áááá¹á áµ á°áµá á¥áá°ááááá¢
á¥ááá²á áá áš H2Know ášááááªá« á°ášá³á³á ááá áášášá» ááᣠáá áááœá á á á á«á áá! á ááá¥ááµ á°ášá³á³á áááᜠáá á¥ááá¢ášá á²á±á á°ášá³á³á ááá áá¥á¥ áá³á¥ á¥ášááá³á¹ á áá©á !
á¥áµášáá«á áµášáµ á á³á²áµ á áµá°á³áœ áááá»áœáá á¥áá³á«ááá¥ááµ á á°áá³á ášááµá«áµáµ ááµášáá áá áášá°áá!