{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.0,"endTime":2.418,"body":"The reason being is that"},{"startTime":0.0,"endTime":2.418,"body":"vacuum is an amazing insulator."},{"startTime":2.688,"endTime":6.948,"body":"So if you don't have these large radiating"},{"startTime":2.688,"endTime":6.948,"body":"surfaces, your ship will overheat and"},{"startTime":6.948,"endTime":9.978,"body":"your crew will die, and components"},{"startTime":6.948,"endTime":9.978,"body":"will start to melt down and break."},{"startTime":10.098,"endTime":10.248,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":10.613,"endTime":12.888,"body":"The, the engines will"},{"startTime":10.613,"endTime":12.888,"body":"essentially just cook."},{"startTime":12.978,"endTime":15.713,"body":"Yeah, just melt down your entire"},{"startTime":12.978,"endTime":15.713,"body":"ship and the people in it engine,"},{"startTime":15.713,"endTime":17.328,"body":"there's no engine you spill that heat."},{"startTime":17.598,"endTime":20.928,"body":"The engines, the computers, the people, I"},{"startTime":17.598,"endTime":20.928,"body":"mean, you can think of every single person"},{"startTime":20.928,"endTime":23.208,"body":"on your ship as a 100 watt space heater."},{"startTime":23.746,"endTime":26.783,"body":"So 10 people, you know, that's already"},{"startTime":23.746,"endTime":26.783,"body":"a thousand watts that you gotta deal"},{"startTime":26.783,"endTime":29.903,"body":"with a kilowatt of energy that you need"},{"startTime":26.783,"endTime":29.903,"body":"to be able to radiate out into space."},{"startTime":30.513,"endTime":31.803,"body":"And that's just for 10 people."},{"startTime":36.845,"endTime":38.492,"body":"Hello and welcome to Entropy Rising,"},{"startTime":38.492,"endTime":39.032,"body":"a podcast"},{"startTime":39.032,"endTime":42.272,"body":"all about discussing the possible"},{"startTime":39.032,"endTime":42.272,"body":"futures that humanity could see in"},{"startTime":42.272,"endTime":43.802,"body":"maybe even some of the impossible ones."},{"startTime":43.917,"endTime":44.067,"body":"I'm"},{"startTime":44.067,"endTime":46.917,"body":"your host Jacob, and I'm joined"},{"startTime":44.067,"endTime":46.917,"body":"with my wonderful co-host Lucas."},{"startTime":47.127,"endTime":47.547,"body":"Lucas."},{"startTime":47.547,"endTime":47.697,"body":"How"},{"startTime":47.697,"endTime":48.327,"body":"are you doing today?"},{"startTime":48.417,"endTime":49.317,"body":"I'm doing wonderful, Jake."},{"startTime":49.317,"endTime":49.737,"body":"How are you?"},{"startTime":49.917,"endTime":50.637,"body":"Doing great."},{"startTime":50.637,"endTime":52.407,"body":"We're finally getting"},{"startTime":50.637,"endTime":52.407,"body":"outta the depths of winter."},{"startTime":52.407,"endTime":56.067,"body":"It's 70 degrees outside, which is good"},{"startTime":52.407,"endTime":56.067,"body":"for outside, bad for being stuck in"},{"startTime":56.067,"endTime":57.481,"body":"a studio with really bright lights."},{"startTime":57.599,"endTime":58.859,"body":"We're talking about"},{"startTime":57.599,"endTime":58.859,"body":"what I think is gonna be"},{"startTime":58.859,"endTime":59.549,"body":"a really fun"},{"startTime":59.549,"endTime":62.219,"body":"and fascinating topic, which is designs"},{"startTime":62.219,"endTime":62.789,"body":"or realistic"},{"startTime":62.789,"endTime":65.549,"body":"designs for spaceships that"},{"startTime":62.789,"endTime":65.549,"body":"fit a wide variety of roles."},{"startTime":65.549,"endTime":66.539,"body":"And yeah, I"},{"startTime":66.539,"endTime":66.809,"body":"think this"},{"startTime":66.809,"endTime":69.719,"body":"is gonna be a fun episode, a fun"},{"startTime":66.809,"endTime":69.719,"body":"topic, and yeah, I'm excited for it."},{"startTime":70.079,"endTime":70.379,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":70.589,"endTime":73.279,"body":"Yeah, we've, talked a lot about,"},{"startTime":70.589,"endTime":73.279,"body":"different spaceships in the past,"},{"startTime":73.279,"endTime":75.769,"body":"but I definitely think it would"},{"startTime":73.279,"endTime":75.769,"body":"be cool to just hop in there and."},{"startTime":76.474,"endTime":80.344,"body":"Really think about all the broad"},{"startTime":76.474,"endTime":80.344,"body":"spectrums of ships that can exist that"},{"startTime":80.344,"endTime":82.324,"body":"will help support humanity as we advance."},{"startTime":82.414,"endTime":83.014,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":83.014,"endTime":85.744,"body":"And then to also to talk about the"},{"startTime":83.014,"endTime":85.744,"body":"different design considerations that"},{"startTime":85.744,"endTime":89.584,"body":"would go into each different type of ship"},{"startTime":85.744,"endTime":89.584,"body":"and, uh, what science fiction gets right,"},{"startTime":89.584,"endTime":91.204,"body":"what science fiction gets wrong and you"},{"startTime":91.204,"endTime":91.624,"body":"know, all"},{"startTime":91.624,"endTime":93.874,"body":"the different things that"},{"startTime":91.624,"endTime":93.874,"body":"go into designing a natural"},{"startTime":93.874,"endTime":95.614,"body":"spaceship to fit a role."},{"startTime":95.644,"endTime":96.994,"body":"Which actually brings me"},{"startTime":95.644,"endTime":96.994,"body":"up to one point, which"},{"startTime":96.994,"endTime":97.264,"body":"is that"},{"startTime":97.264,"endTime":100.264,"body":"obviously there is no one size"},{"startTime":97.264,"endTime":100.264,"body":"fits all solution to spaceships."},{"startTime":100.264,"endTime":100.534,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":100.534,"endTime":101.824,"body":"Four meets functions."},{"startTime":101.856,"endTime":102.509,"body":"you're gonna design your"},{"startTime":102.509,"endTime":103.109,"body":"ship to"},{"startTime":103.139,"endTime":104.819,"body":"fulfill whatever role it needs to fill."},{"startTime":105.029,"endTime":105.359,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":105.689,"endTime":105.959,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":106.537,"endTime":110.407,"body":"With that, it's fun to think about what"},{"startTime":106.537,"endTime":110.407,"body":"different types of ships we're gonna"},{"startTime":110.407,"endTime":113.407,"body":"see, what types of roles we're gonna"},{"startTime":110.407,"endTime":113.407,"body":"see, and then I think it'd be a good"},{"startTime":113.407,"endTime":116.947,"body":"idea to dive into some of the design"},{"startTime":113.407,"endTime":116.947,"body":"considerations and how that's affected"},{"startTime":116.947,"endTime":118.507,"body":"by the role that the ship actually fills."},{"startTime":118.597,"endTime":119.077,"body":"How that sound."},{"startTime":119.137,"endTime":120.187,"body":"Yeah, that's a great idea."},{"startTime":120.277,"endTime":120.967,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"startTime":121.177,"endTime":121.657,"body":"What?"},{"startTime":121.657,"endTime":123.637,"body":"Um, I think it's a good"},{"startTime":121.657,"endTime":123.637,"body":"way to break it up."},{"startTime":123.637,"endTime":126.277,"body":"Let's start by looking at Earth."},{"startTime":126.667,"endTime":126.727,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":126.727,"endTime":127.297,"body":"And then expanding"},{"startTime":127.297,"endTime":127.807,"body":"outward"},{"startTime":127.807,"endTime":131.347,"body":"and talking about what types of ships"},{"startTime":127.807,"endTime":131.347,"body":"and roles we see fulfilling that"},{"startTime":131.557,"endTime":132.187,"body":"That makes sense."},{"startTime":132.232,"endTime":134.572,"body":"So if we're looking at Earth,"},{"startTime":132.232,"endTime":134.572,"body":"we'd probably want to talk about."},{"startTime":135.097,"endTime":136.777,"body":"You know the types of"},{"startTime":135.097,"endTime":136.777,"body":"ships that we'd use in"},{"startTime":136.792,"endTime":138.232,"body":"low earth orbit first."},{"startTime":138.232,"endTime":138.472,"body":"Right,"},{"startTime":138.532,"endTime":139.042,"body":"exactly."},{"startTime":139.042,"endTime":142.312,"body":"Which for that I can see two"},{"startTime":139.042,"endTime":142.312,"body":"primary types, which is gonna be"},{"startTime":142.312,"endTime":145.372,"body":"the ships that actually get you off"},{"startTime":142.312,"endTime":145.372,"body":"of Earth and into low earth orbit."},{"startTime":145.702,"endTime":147.262,"body":"And then the types of ships"},{"startTime":145.702,"endTime":147.262,"body":"you're actually gonna see"},{"startTime":147.262,"endTime":148.492,"body":"moving around low earth orbit."},{"startTime":148.912,"endTime":151.432,"body":"And those have very different"},{"startTime":148.912,"endTime":151.432,"body":"design considerations, obviously."},{"startTime":151.694,"endTime":153.224,"body":", You need to get ships to"},{"startTime":151.694,"endTime":153.224,"body":"get you off of the earth."},{"startTime":153.224,"endTime":153.41,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":153.42,"endTime":153.69,"body":"Whether"},{"startTime":153.69,"endTime":156.24,"body":"it's a rocket or a space plane"},{"startTime":153.69,"endTime":156.24,"body":"or something like that, this is"},{"startTime":156.24,"endTime":159.36,"body":"gonna be a shift that has to be"},{"startTime":156.24,"endTime":159.36,"body":"able to operate within atmosphere."},{"startTime":159.36,"endTime":159.45,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":159.69,"endTime":161.13,"body":"And then within Earths orbit"},{"startTime":161.13,"endTime":161.58,"body":"itself."},{"startTime":161.795,"endTime":161.945,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":161.945,"endTime":164.555,"body":"And then on top of that, you're probably"},{"startTime":161.945,"endTime":164.555,"body":"gonna see, once you actually get into"},{"startTime":164.555,"endTime":165.995,"body":"Earths orbit, you're gonna see ships that."},{"startTime":166.46,"endTime":169.85,"body":"It doesn't really make sense to"},{"startTime":166.46,"endTime":169.85,"body":"only move around habitats with ships"},{"startTime":169.85,"endTime":172.7,"body":"that are also designed to go into"},{"startTime":169.85,"endTime":172.7,"body":"atmosphere because you need to carry a"},{"startTime":172.7,"endTime":174.56,"body":"lot of extra weight and have a lot of"},{"startTime":174.56,"endTime":175.4,"body":"extra components to"},{"startTime":175.4,"endTime":176.0,"body":"be able to"},{"startTime":176.06,"endTime":178.13,"body":"operate in an atmosphere and in a vacuum,"},{"startTime":178.19,"endTime":178.67,"body":"of course."},{"startTime":178.67,"endTime":181.07,"body":"So once you're actually in"},{"startTime":178.67,"endTime":181.07,"body":"orbit, you're probably gonna"},{"startTime":181.07,"endTime":182.84,"body":"have much smaller, lighter ships."},{"startTime":183.225,"endTime":186.735,"body":"That just move from habitat to habitat"},{"startTime":183.225,"endTime":186.735,"body":"and that are not actually capable"},{"startTime":186.735,"endTime":188.535,"body":"of reentering earth's atmosphere."},{"startTime":188.685,"endTime":188.925,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":188.955,"endTime":191.715,"body":"Because they wouldn't need the"},{"startTime":188.955,"endTime":191.715,"body":"thrusters capable of getting them"},{"startTime":191.835,"endTime":193.234,"body":"out of earth orbit to begin with."},{"startTime":193.264,"endTime":197.674,"body":"Just enough thrust to get them, you know,"},{"startTime":193.264,"endTime":197.674,"body":"around in a zero gravity environment."},{"startTime":197.764,"endTime":198.484,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":198.484,"endTime":198.664,"body":"And if"},{"startTime":198.664,"endTime":199.264,"body":"you have"},{"startTime":199.264,"endTime":202.174,"body":"a bunch of different space stations,"},{"startTime":199.264,"endTime":202.174,"body":"right, like we typically imagine low"},{"startTime":202.414,"endTime":205.954,"body":"orbit being a fairly busy place in the"},{"startTime":202.414,"endTime":205.954,"body":"future, lots of different manufacturing"},{"startTime":205.954,"endTime":207.664,"body":"sites, O'Neill, cylinders, places where"},{"startTime":207.664,"endTime":208.294,"body":"people live."},{"startTime":208.914,"endTime":211.374,"body":"People are gonna wanna move"},{"startTime":208.914,"endTime":211.374,"body":"from station to station."},{"startTime":211.404,"endTime":211.494,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":211.794,"endTime":215.634,"body":"And it really doesn't take a lot of energy"},{"startTime":211.794,"endTime":215.634,"body":"to move from, uh, very similar orbits."},{"startTime":215.634,"endTime":215.964,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":216.106,"endTime":217.126,"body":"Like if you have two O'Neill"},{"startTime":217.126,"endTime":218.026,"body":"cylinders that are both"},{"startTime":218.026,"endTime":221.056,"body":"in a, a lower Earth's orbit,"},{"startTime":218.026,"endTime":221.056,"body":"then the delta V required, or the"},{"startTime":221.056,"endTime":221.626,"body":"actual change"},{"startTime":221.626,"endTime":224.686,"body":"in velocity required to move from"},{"startTime":221.626,"endTime":224.686,"body":"one to the other isn't a lot, right?"},{"startTime":224.686,"endTime":225.556,"body":"In fact, you could do it in a"},{"startTime":225.556,"endTime":226.336,"body":"fully ballistic"},{"startTime":226.336,"endTime":227.566,"body":"trajectory and very well."},{"startTime":227.566,"endTime":231.646,"body":"You might, uh, have a system where you"},{"startTime":227.566,"endTime":231.646,"body":"have spaceships or little shuttles that"},{"startTime":231.646,"endTime":235.546,"body":"are basically accelerated out from one"},{"startTime":231.646,"endTime":235.546,"body":"station to almost perfectly match the"},{"startTime":235.546,"endTime":239.086,"body":"orbit of the next one with maybe some"},{"startTime":235.546,"endTime":239.086,"body":"small thrusters for redundancy and"},{"startTime":239.086,"endTime":239.386,"body":"to fine"},{"startTime":239.386,"endTime":240.016,"body":"tune the orbit."},{"startTime":240.616,"endTime":242.356,"body":"That's a, that's actually"},{"startTime":240.616,"endTime":242.356,"body":"a really cool concept."},{"startTime":242.356,"endTime":246.016,"body":"It would act more as like a catapult or"},{"startTime":242.356,"endTime":246.016,"body":"a slingshot with just being able to make"},{"startTime":246.016,"endTime":249.766,"body":"slight adjustments as you need them to be"},{"startTime":246.016,"endTime":249.766,"body":"able to go from one station to the next,"},{"startTime":249.946,"endTime":252.616,"body":"and you'd think that those, uh,"},{"startTime":249.946,"endTime":252.616,"body":"those ships would need to be used a"},{"startTime":252.616,"endTime":256.606,"body":"lot because let's say, you know, you"},{"startTime":252.616,"endTime":256.606,"body":"moved, you're like, mom, I wanna leave"},{"startTime":256.606,"endTime":258.406,"body":"Space Station 4, 5, 4, and I want"},{"startTime":258.406,"endTime":258.616,"body":"to go"},{"startTime":258.616,"endTime":262.396,"body":"over and go over to the one that views"},{"startTime":258.616,"endTime":262.396,"body":"the, the sun a little bit better."},{"startTime":262.771,"endTime":265.411,"body":"You gotta go and view your parents,"},{"startTime":262.771,"endTime":265.411,"body":"you're gonna be traveling back and forth"},{"startTime":265.411,"endTime":266.971,"body":"from these space stations all the time,"},{"startTime":267.121,"endTime":267.421,"body":"which is"},{"startTime":267.421,"endTime":267.721,"body":"a point"},{"startTime":267.721,"endTime":270.871,"body":"that is actually great that you brighten"},{"startTime":267.721,"endTime":270.871,"body":"that up because yeah, you can actually"},{"startTime":270.871,"endTime":272.401,"body":"move between these stations a lot."},{"startTime":272.401,"endTime":274.321,"body":"This  very well could be a normal commute."},{"startTime":274.321,"endTime":276.811,"body":"You do, you might work in"},{"startTime":274.321,"endTime":276.811,"body":"one station, live in another."},{"startTime":276.841,"endTime":279.331,"body":"One station, might not really"},{"startTime":276.841,"endTime":279.331,"body":"have a lot of human habitation."},{"startTime":279.331,"endTime":282.031,"body":"It could be just farming  and you"},{"startTime":279.331,"endTime":282.031,"body":"need to commute there every day."},{"startTime":282.031,"endTime":285.471,"body":"So you might have, you know,"},{"startTime":282.031,"endTime":285.471,"body":"a, a, a system on your space"},{"startTime":285.471,"endTime":286.561,"body":"station that launches you out."},{"startTime":287.091,"endTime":289.941,"body":"And other workers, uh, and"},{"startTime":287.091,"endTime":289.941,"body":"get you to that other station."},{"startTime":289.941,"endTime":293.361,"body":"And that station has a, a system that"},{"startTime":289.941,"endTime":293.361,"body":"catches you and the actual spaceship"},{"startTime":293.361,"endTime":297.141,"body":"itself doesn't really need to be anything"},{"startTime":293.361,"endTime":297.141,"body":"more than a pod with some basic thrusters."},{"startTime":297.141,"endTime":299.301,"body":"And it, it doesn't even actually"},{"startTime":297.141,"endTime":299.301,"body":"need to have thrusters to"},{"startTime":299.601,"endTime":300.981,"body":"slow down or speed up much."},{"startTime":300.981,"endTime":302.091,"body":"You might have them for redundancy."},{"startTime":302.836,"endTime":306.676,"body":"But your acceleration and deceleration"},{"startTime":302.836,"endTime":306.676,"body":"could fully be done by launching you"},{"startTime":306.676,"endTime":308.446,"body":"out of one station  and then catching"},{"startTime":308.446,"endTime":309.106,"body":"you in the other."},{"startTime":309.406,"endTime":314.176,"body":"And it might even work that the, the fee"},{"startTime":309.406,"endTime":314.176,"body":"you pay to move from station to station is"},{"startTime":314.176,"endTime":315.196,"body":"dependent on the"},{"startTime":315.196,"endTime":318.046,"body":"delta V. They expand  to"},{"startTime":315.196,"endTime":318.046,"body":"accelerate and decelerate you."},{"startTime":318.286,"endTime":322.366,"body":"So like your station might charge"},{"startTime":318.286,"endTime":322.366,"body":"a small fee, uh, because when"},{"startTime":322.366,"endTime":323.746,"body":"they launch you, that slows them"},{"startTime":323.746,"endTime":324.796,"body":"down and they have to adjust"},{"startTime":324.796,"endTime":325.336,"body":"their orbit."},{"startTime":325.606,"endTime":326.326,"body":"But the receiving"},{"startTime":326.326,"endTime":327.166,"body":"station might actually"},{"startTime":327.166,"endTime":330.745,"body":"give you a credit because when"},{"startTime":327.166,"endTime":330.745,"body":"you reach them, They pick up some"},{"startTime":330.745,"endTime":333.295,"body":"speed from IG decelerating you,"},{"startTime":330.745,"endTime":333.295,"body":"and that helps boost their orbit."},{"startTime":333.565,"endTime":333.715,"body":"And"},{"startTime":333.715,"endTime":336.985,"body":"so then you might actually see"},{"startTime":333.715,"endTime":336.985,"body":"some fees associated with being"},{"startTime":336.985,"endTime":339.595,"body":"launched from station to station"},{"startTime":336.985,"endTime":339.595,"body":"if you don't have your own thrust."},{"startTime":340.285,"endTime":343.015,"body":"Yeah, I mean that's, uh, that's"},{"startTime":340.285,"endTime":343.015,"body":"actually such a cool concept,"},{"startTime":343.105,"endTime":344.725,"body":"like, because you of course"},{"startTime":344.725,"endTime":345.445,"body":"need to maintain"},{"startTime":345.445,"endTime":348.325,"body":"that thrust, just like how our"},{"startTime":345.445,"endTime":348.325,"body":"International Space Station does now,"},{"startTime":348.377,"endTime":349.96,"body":"so you know, every time that you."},{"startTime":350.625,"endTime":353.175,"body":"Project mass, you lose a little"},{"startTime":350.625,"endTime":353.175,"body":"bit of that thrust, and every"},{"startTime":353.175,"endTime":355.935,"body":"time that you gain mass, you"},{"startTime":353.175,"endTime":355.935,"body":"gain a little bit of that thrust."},{"startTime":355.935,"endTime":358.305,"body":"It's, it's just such a interesting idea."},{"startTime":358.305,"endTime":360.735,"body":"But you'd think that it would"},{"startTime":358.305,"endTime":360.735,"body":"be about the same if the shuttle"},{"startTime":360.735,"endTime":362.175,"body":"is the same weight Right."},{"startTime":362.175,"endTime":363.135,"body":"Going back and forth."},{"startTime":363.285,"endTime":363.525,"body":"Sure."},{"startTime":363.525,"endTime":365.715,"body":"But it depends where they're,"},{"startTime":363.525,"endTime":365.715,"body":"you're being launched in your orbit."},{"startTime":365.715,"endTime":366.195,"body":"So if you're being"},{"startTime":366.195,"endTime":366.525,"body":"launched"},{"startTime":366.525,"endTime":369.885,"body":"ahead of the orbit from the station,"},{"startTime":366.525,"endTime":369.885,"body":"you're, you're leaving, then they've"},{"startTime":369.885,"endTime":371.66,"body":"expended energy to accelerate you."},{"startTime":372.315,"endTime":374.565,"body":"So that's gonna slow down"},{"startTime":372.315,"endTime":374.565,"body":"them in their orbital path."},{"startTime":374.805,"endTime":378.135,"body":"And vice versa, if you're being caught"},{"startTime":374.805,"endTime":378.135,"body":"by a ship ahead of you, then that's"},{"startTime":378.135,"endTime":379.215,"body":"gonna speed them up in their orbit."},{"startTime":379.215,"endTime":382.005,"body":"And it does, it does depend what direction"},{"startTime":379.215,"endTime":382.005,"body":"you need to be launched and all of that."},{"startTime":382.245,"endTime":384.465,"body":"And, and that's something that"},{"startTime":382.245,"endTime":384.465,"body":"could be factored into the cost."},{"startTime":384.615,"endTime":384.705,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":384.705,"endTime":386.52,"body":"And it could also be"},{"startTime":384.705,"endTime":386.52,"body":"very well that you see."},{"startTime":387.42,"endTime":388.44,"body":"Dynamic pricing, right?"},{"startTime":388.44,"endTime":389.97,"body":"Everyone loves good dynamic pricing."},{"startTime":390.39,"endTime":395.1,"body":"Um, but you know, you might find it at"},{"startTime":390.39,"endTime":395.1,"body":"certain periods of time cheaper to leave"},{"startTime":395.1,"endTime":397.11,"body":"your station when they already need"},{"startTime":397.11,"endTime":398.04,"body":"to do a."},{"startTime":398.43,"endTime":401.31,"body":"uh, control burn to slow down their"},{"startTime":398.43,"endTime":401.31,"body":"orbit or speed up in their orbit."},{"startTime":401.34,"endTime":401.43,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":401.73,"endTime":404.76,"body":"Uh, they might offer a discount"},{"startTime":401.73,"endTime":404.76,"body":"on destinations that already align"},{"startTime":404.76,"endTime":407.4,"body":"with that, and that means they"},{"startTime":404.76,"endTime":407.4,"body":"have to expend less mass when it"},{"startTime":407.4,"endTime":408.57,"body":"does come time for them to do that."},{"startTime":409.02,"endTime":409.74,"body":"But since"},{"startTime":409.74,"endTime":410.01,"body":"this is"},{"startTime":410.01,"endTime":410.1,"body":"an"},{"startTime":410.1,"endTime":410.55,"body":"episode about"},{"startTime":410.55,"endTime":414.33,"body":"the actual spaceships and not, uh,"},{"startTime":410.55,"endTime":414.33,"body":"the orbits of, uh, space stations,"},{"startTime":414.36,"endTime":416.921,"body":"right, we can imagine that pod"},{"startTime":414.36,"endTime":416.921,"body":"would be very simple depending on"},{"startTime":416.921,"endTime":418.121,"body":"how far of an orbit you're trying"},{"startTime":418.121,"endTime":418.721,"body":"to transition"},{"startTime":418.721,"endTime":419.081,"body":"from."},{"startTime":419.411,"endTime":420.911,"body":"It's likely, this could be only"},{"startTime":420.911,"endTime":421.871,"body":"a few minute commute"},{"startTime":421.901,"endTime":422.831,"body":"from station to station"},{"startTime":422.831,"endTime":423.011,"body":"if they"},{"startTime":423.011,"endTime":424.121,"body":"keep similar orbits."},{"startTime":424.391,"endTime":425.801,"body":"So for near transit."},{"startTime":426.266,"endTime":428.726,"body":"It really might just be a small life"},{"startTime":428.726,"endTime":430.106,"body":"support system for redundancy,"},{"startTime":430.346,"endTime":432.596,"body":"a couple of small thrusters in"},{"startTime":430.346,"endTime":432.596,"body":"case they need to make maneuvering"},{"startTime":432.596,"endTime":433.538,"body":"changes in their orbits."},{"startTime":433.886,"endTime":434.636,"body":"And that's about it."},{"startTime":434.676,"endTime":436.716,"body":"Maybe if you have some"},{"startTime":434.676,"endTime":436.716,"body":"further stations, you're going"},{"startTime":436.716,"endTime":437.286,"body":"from a low earth"},{"startTime":437.286,"endTime":441.276,"body":"orbit to a higher Earth orbit, you might"},{"startTime":437.286,"endTime":441.276,"body":"see some more stuff associated with that."},{"startTime":441.276,"endTime":442.206,"body":"For one, they might actually have"},{"startTime":442.206,"endTime":443.016,"body":"a thruster to do the"},{"startTime":443.016,"endTime":445.956,"body":"burn themselves because"},{"startTime":443.016,"endTime":445.956,"body":"that might be a bit much for"},{"startTime":445.956,"endTime":447.066,"body":"a station to launch you"},{"startTime":447.396,"endTime":448.746,"body":"into a much higher orbit."},{"startTime":448.806,"endTime":449.736,"body":"They might not wanna do that."},{"startTime":449.736,"endTime":450.816,"body":"They might not be equipped for that."},{"startTime":451.146,"endTime":453.726,"body":"So this is when you can"},{"startTime":451.146,"endTime":453.726,"body":"get to more advanced crafts"},{"startTime":453.726,"endTime":454.086,"body":"that have"},{"startTime":454.086,"endTime":457.866,"body":"actual bigger thrusters for accelerating"},{"startTime":454.086,"endTime":457.866,"body":"and decelerating, more robust life"},{"startTime":457.866,"endTime":458.886,"body":"support system, because these"},{"startTime":458.886,"endTime":460.236,"body":"could be several hour transits."},{"startTime":460.581,"endTime":461.181,"body":"Uh, especially if you're"},{"startTime":461.181,"endTime":461.931,"body":"gonna the moon, right?"},{"startTime":461.931,"endTime":464.811,"body":"These could be maybe up to a"},{"startTime":461.931,"endTime":464.811,"body":"day more creature comforts."},{"startTime":464.811,"endTime":467.481,"body":"More redundancy, maybe a little"},{"startTime":464.811,"endTime":467.481,"body":"more radiation shielding."},{"startTime":467.481,"endTime":470.301,"body":"But even there, these"},{"startTime":467.481,"endTime":470.301,"body":"could be very simple craft."},{"startTime":470.421,"endTime":473.961,"body":"It's not that much energy"},{"startTime":470.421,"endTime":473.961,"body":"expenditure to move around in an"},{"startTime":473.961,"endTime":474.951,"body":"orbit once you're already there."},{"startTime":475.221,"endTime":476.181,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"startTime":476.271,"endTime":479.301,"body":"I mean, it, the simplicity of the"},{"startTime":476.271,"endTime":479.301,"body":"craft would remain the same as"},{"startTime":479.301,"endTime":482.691,"body":"long as it's still being sling"},{"startTime":479.301,"endTime":482.691,"body":"shotted, you know, as its main"},{"startTime":482.691,"endTime":483.141,"body":"form of"},{"startTime":483.141,"endTime":483.651,"body":"thrust."},{"startTime":484.041,"endTime":487.281,"body":"And then, like you just said,"},{"startTime":484.041,"endTime":487.281,"body":"increase the robustness as the"},{"startTime":487.281,"endTime":489.171,"body":"travel, you know, time increases."},{"startTime":489.201,"endTime":489.381,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":489.441,"endTime":489.951,"body":"absolutely."},{"startTime":489.951,"endTime":490.101,"body":"And"},{"startTime":490.101,"endTime":492.561,"body":"we compare and contrast that with"},{"startTime":490.101,"endTime":492.561,"body":"a ship that needs to be able to"},{"startTime":492.561,"endTime":495.111,"body":"transit from earth's surface to orbit."},{"startTime":495.471,"endTime":498.351,"body":"Uh, the complexity goes up, you know, in"},{"startTime":495.471,"endTime":498.351,"body":"order of magnitude, if you've gotta be"},{"startTime":498.351,"endTime":500.601,"body":"able to reenter and exit the atmosphere."},{"startTime":500.601,"endTime":502.371,"body":"I mean, reentry alone is a very."},{"startTime":502.483,"endTime":503.713,"body":"energy intensive process."},{"startTime":503.743,"endTime":506.445,"body":"Not only do you need to be able"},{"startTime":503.743,"endTime":506.445,"body":"to, do a deceleration burn to enter"},{"startTime":506.445,"endTime":509.205,"body":"the atmosphere, you need to be"},{"startTime":506.445,"endTime":509.205,"body":"able to handle the heat of reentry."},{"startTime":509.445,"endTime":510.915,"body":"If we're not assuming we have any"},{"startTime":510.915,"endTime":511.575,"body":"special"},{"startTime":511.575,"endTime":514.395,"body":"thing to catch you in orbit and you"},{"startTime":511.575,"endTime":514.395,"body":"actually need to be able to come all the"},{"startTime":514.395,"endTime":518.235,"body":"way down and land on earth surface itself,"},{"startTime":514.395,"endTime":518.235,"body":"then you need some type of heat shield,"},{"startTime":518.265,"endTime":521.595,"body":"whether that's an ablative heat shield,"},{"startTime":518.265,"endTime":521.595,"body":"which I would hope that we get away"},{"startTime":521.595,"endTime":522.105,"body":"from ablative"},{"startTime":522.105,"endTime":524.475,"body":"heat shields at this point"},{"startTime":522.105,"endTime":524.475,"body":"and maybe have a more reusable"},{"startTime":524.475,"endTime":525.315,"body":"heat shield, something that's"},{"startTime":525.315,"endTime":525.975,"body":"actually cooled"},{"startTime":525.975,"endTime":527.265,"body":"with something like a, a cooling loop."},{"startTime":527.805,"endTime":530.955,"body":"So you're not constantly losing"},{"startTime":527.805,"endTime":530.955,"body":"material and having to rebuild the"},{"startTime":530.955,"endTime":532.125,"body":"heat shield every time you land."},{"startTime":532.125,"endTime":535.215,"body":"'cause that's a, a very expensive"},{"startTime":532.125,"endTime":535.215,"body":"thing to do every time your ship lands."},{"startTime":535.245,"endTime":535.515,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":535.725,"endTime":536.295,"body":"But even if you"},{"startTime":536.295,"endTime":536.535,"body":"do an,"},{"startTime":536.535,"endTime":538.665,"body":"a blade of heat shield,"},{"startTime":536.535,"endTime":538.665,"body":"uh, that's very possible."},{"startTime":538.725,"endTime":541.485,"body":"But I, I do think that maybe these"},{"startTime":538.725,"endTime":541.485,"body":"ships we could see more like space"},{"startTime":541.485,"endTime":542.865,"body":"plants that would be very nice,"},{"startTime":543.135,"endTime":543.285,"body":"that"},{"startTime":543.285,"endTime":543.345,"body":"are"},{"startTime":543.345,"endTime":543.885,"body":"actually able to"},{"startTime":543.885,"endTime":544.785,"body":"take off and land."},{"startTime":544.785,"endTime":545.085,"body":"That's the"},{"startTime":545.085,"endTime":545.415,"body":"dream."},{"startTime":545.415,"endTime":546.825,"body":"That's what the shuttle"},{"startTime":545.415,"endTime":546.825,"body":"was supposed to mimic."},{"startTime":546.982,"endTime":548.02,"body":"So hopefully that's something we see."},{"startTime":548.35,"endTime":550.51,"body":"Yeah, I mean it would, it"},{"startTime":548.35,"endTime":550.51,"body":"would be wonderful to see that."},{"startTime":550.51,"endTime":552.49,"body":"And it's not out of the"},{"startTime":550.51,"endTime":552.49,"body":"realm of possibility."},{"startTime":552.64,"endTime":554.41,"body":"Um, you know, we definitely can get there."},{"startTime":554.5,"endTime":555.4,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"startTime":555.52,"endTime":558.49,"body":"So then moving out, I think a little"},{"startTime":555.52,"endTime":558.49,"body":"bit, we can also talk about ships"},{"startTime":558.49,"endTime":559.33,"body":"that actually"},{"startTime":559.51,"endTime":561.01,"body":"operate in our solar system."},{"startTime":561.43,"endTime":563.71,"body":"So these could be people movers, right?"},{"startTime":563.71,"endTime":566.11,"body":"Transport ships that move"},{"startTime":563.71,"endTime":566.11,"body":"you from earth to Mars."},{"startTime":566.11,"endTime":569.62,"body":"Just Jupiter, wherever humans"},{"startTime":566.11,"endTime":569.62,"body":"end uping and colonizing."},{"startTime":569.95,"endTime":571.72,"body":"These could be object movers."},{"startTime":571.87,"endTime":574.33,"body":"Maybe this is a, a ship"},{"startTime":571.87,"endTime":574.33,"body":"that's designed to go out."},{"startTime":574.665,"endTime":577.665,"body":"Mine asteroids and transport those"},{"startTime":574.665,"endTime":577.665,"body":"rare materials back to earth."},{"startTime":578.085,"endTime":581.264,"body":"Or, you know, the fun one we always"},{"startTime":578.085,"endTime":581.264,"body":"talk about, these could even be warships"},{"startTime":581.296,"endTime":582.616,"body":"ships that are obviously designed to go"},{"startTime":582.616,"endTime":583.306,"body":"to battle and,"},{"startTime":583.407,"endTime":586.277,"body":"fend off territorial claims and"},{"startTime":583.407,"endTime":586.277,"body":"maybe protect different pirates."},{"startTime":586.277,"endTime":586.452,"body":"Who knows, right?"},{"startTime":587.347,"endTime":587.637,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":587.642,"endTime":587.652,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":587.712,"endTime":591.312,"body":"I mean, definitely it is, it would"},{"startTime":587.712,"endTime":591.312,"body":"be something that would just come"},{"startTime":591.312,"endTime":593.862,"body":"naturally with the progression"},{"startTime":591.312,"endTime":593.862,"body":"of civilization in there."},{"startTime":593.892,"endTime":597.192,"body":"So we would see or have to"},{"startTime":593.892,"endTime":597.192,"body":"see all of those categories."},{"startTime":597.312,"endTime":597.822,"body":"I think so."},{"startTime":597.822,"endTime":601.221,"body":"And obviously when you're operating"},{"startTime":597.822,"endTime":601.221,"body":"on a much larger scale, you're, going"},{"startTime":601.221,"endTime":605.091,"body":"from working in earth orbit, maybe"},{"startTime":601.221,"endTime":605.091,"body":"going to the moon to  potentially"},{"startTime":605.091,"endTime":607.431,"body":"month long trips up to Jupiter."},{"startTime":607.611,"endTime":607.911,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":607.911,"endTime":610.671,"body":"This is a very different"},{"startTime":607.911,"endTime":610.671,"body":"beast, and this is a whole."},{"startTime":611.091,"endTime":612.621,"body":"A lot more complexity, a lot more"},{"startTime":612.621,"endTime":613.041,"body":"things that"},{"startTime":613.041,"endTime":616.191,"body":"you need to be able to, to take into"},{"startTime":613.041,"endTime":616.191,"body":"account and actually manage, right?"},{"startTime":616.281,"endTime":616.401,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":617.181,"endTime":618.441,"body":"One of the ones obviously is redundancy."},{"startTime":619.296,"endTime":620.016,"body":"You might be fine."},{"startTime":620.016,"endTime":622.956,"body":"Having a single life support"},{"startTime":620.016,"endTime":622.956,"body":"system for a ship being"},{"startTime":622.956,"endTime":623.916,"body":"flung from"},{"startTime":623.916,"endTime":626.466,"body":"orbital to orbital, when"},{"startTime":623.916,"endTime":626.466,"body":"there's a ton of backup"},{"startTime":626.466,"endTime":626.886,"body":"and safety"},{"startTime":626.886,"endTime":627.576,"body":"around you, and"},{"startTime":627.576,"endTime":627.876,"body":"you don't"},{"startTime":627.876,"endTime":630.666,"body":"know, you only have an hour long"},{"startTime":627.876,"endTime":630.666,"body":"transit time, but if you're in a ship"},{"startTime":630.666,"endTime":633.911,"body":"that could be potential days away"},{"startTime":630.666,"endTime":633.911,"body":"from rescue, you need redundancy."},{"startTime":633.941,"endTime":635.171,"body":"You know, it's a famous saying"},{"startTime":635.171,"endTime":635.561,"body":"two is"},{"startTime":635.561,"endTime":636.611,"body":"one and one is none."},{"startTime":636.911,"endTime":640.708,"body":"So these ships are gonna have redundancy"},{"startTime":636.911,"endTime":640.708,"body":"on, redundancy on redundancy, Maybe double"},{"startTime":640.708,"endTime":644.068,"body":"and triple redundancy for things like life"},{"startTime":640.708,"endTime":644.068,"body":"support and thermal management systems."},{"startTime":644.458,"endTime":646.858,"body":"Yeah, I mean, you would definitely"},{"startTime":644.458,"endTime":646.858,"body":"wanna see that, especially if these"},{"startTime":646.858,"endTime":650.338,"body":"are commercialized programs, um,"},{"startTime":646.858,"endTime":650.338,"body":"that are, you know, transporting,"},{"startTime":650.428,"endTime":652.108,"body":"paying customers back and forth."},{"startTime":652.138,"endTime":654.148,"body":"You, we see it already in all transport."},{"startTime":654.148,"endTime":656.848,"body":"They have, you know, just safety"},{"startTime":654.148,"endTime":656.848,"body":"precautions that sometimes"},{"startTime":656.848,"endTime":657.628,"body":"they don't even need and."},{"startTime":657.996,"endTime":660.665,"body":"But it's either regulated by"},{"startTime":657.996,"endTime":660.665,"body":"the government or by the company"},{"startTime":660.665,"endTime":661.925,"body":"just to make you feel safer."},{"startTime":661.955,"endTime":665.225,"body":"So we would absolutely see that in"},{"startTime":661.955,"endTime":665.225,"body":"these long distance ships as well,"},{"startTime":665.225,"endTime":669.785,"body":"like triple the amount of safety"},{"startTime":665.225,"endTime":669.785,"body":"precautions that we should see on them."},{"startTime":669.965,"endTime":670.685,"body":"Oh yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":670.685,"endTime":674.285,"body":"You can't have a failure, especially"},{"startTime":670.685,"endTime":674.285,"body":"when you're days to weeks away from"},{"startTime":674.285,"endTime":676.265,"body":"help, then you, you, you can't risk that."},{"startTime":676.265,"endTime":676.535,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":676.535,"endTime":676.865,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":677.135,"endTime":677.585,"body":"And"},{"startTime":677.585,"endTime":677.885,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":677.885,"endTime":682.115,"body":"that's especially true for warships where"},{"startTime":677.885,"endTime":682.115,"body":"you're gonna see so many redundancies"},{"startTime":682.115,"endTime":684.647,"body":"because a key component failing in"},{"startTime":682.115,"endTime":684.647,"body":"the middle of battle is life or death."},{"startTime":685.072,"endTime":686.302,"body":"Not just life or death for the"},{"startTime":686.302,"endTime":686.572,"body":"crew,"},{"startTime":686.572,"endTime":689.242,"body":"but possibly life or death for"},{"startTime":686.572,"endTime":689.242,"body":"whatever they're defending."},{"startTime":689.512,"endTime":690.142,"body":"Absolutely."},{"startTime":690.472,"endTime":694.162,"body":"When we think about these ships too, some"},{"startTime":690.472,"endTime":694.162,"body":"of the things that science fiction gets"},{"startTime":694.162,"endTime":698.302,"body":"wrong a lot, uh, and something that gets"},{"startTime":694.162,"endTime":698.302,"body":"overlooked so much in science fiction."},{"startTime":698.302,"endTime":701.242,"body":"I know we've talked about this in the"},{"startTime":698.302,"endTime":701.242,"body":"past, but it's thermal management."},{"startTime":701.692,"endTime":705.142,"body":"It's not a very sexy topic to think"},{"startTime":701.692,"endTime":705.142,"body":"about because it doesn't look good."},{"startTime":705.142,"endTime":709.942,"body":"It ruins the nice, sleek designs of your"},{"startTime":705.142,"endTime":709.942,"body":"ships, but radiators are going to be king."},{"startTime":710.182,"endTime":710.662,"body":"Oh yeah."},{"startTime":710.749,"endTime":711.809,"body":"you just have to think about it."},{"startTime":711.809,"endTime":712.829,"body":"We take for granted."},{"startTime":713.234,"endTime":717.054,"body":"What our atmosphere is able to do"},{"startTime":713.234,"endTime":717.054,"body":"for us for just expelling heat."},{"startTime":717.354,"endTime":718.794,"body":"We don't have that in space."},{"startTime":718.854,"endTime":723.994,"body":"So having, like you said, these big ugly"},{"startTime":718.854,"endTime":723.994,"body":"radiators that are just meant to put off."},{"startTime":724.689,"endTime":726.549,"body":"As much heat as they can,"},{"startTime":724.689,"endTime":726.549,"body":"but it's still not a lot."},{"startTime":726.549,"endTime":727.659,"body":"So you need 'em everywhere."},{"startTime":727.734,"endTime":730.494,"body":"especially if you're doing something"},{"startTime":727.734,"endTime":730.494,"body":"like a warship that needs to be able"},{"startTime":730.494,"endTime":733.704,"body":"to run really hot, you, you need"},{"startTime":730.494,"endTime":733.704,"body":"massive radiating surfaces for that."},{"startTime":734.034,"endTime":736.974,"body":"And obviously the way you handle"},{"startTime":734.034,"endTime":736.974,"body":"thermal management is gonna change"},{"startTime":736.974,"endTime":739.954,"body":"a lot, whether you're talking about"},{"startTime":736.974,"endTime":739.954,"body":"a, passenger ship moving people"},{"startTime":739.954,"endTime":743.584,"body":"from earth to Mars or a, a warship"},{"startTime":739.954,"endTime":743.584,"body":"designed to operate in a battlefield."},{"startTime":743.824,"endTime":743.974,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":744.103,"endTime":746.443,"body":"So I think for a ship that's"},{"startTime":744.103,"endTime":746.443,"body":"moving either people or cargo,"},{"startTime":746.443,"endTime":747.553,"body":"but that's not in a battlefield."},{"startTime":747.553,"endTime":747.853,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":748.053,"endTime":750.543,"body":"your main strategy is just"},{"startTime":748.053,"endTime":750.543,"body":"gonna be having large radiators."},{"startTime":751.248,"endTime":751.458,"body":"That"},{"startTime":751.458,"endTime":752.028,"body":"manage your heat."},{"startTime":752.388,"endTime":753.228,"body":"It's not too crazy."},{"startTime":753.228,"endTime":755.092,"body":"You just have these huge surfaces, however"},{"startTime":755.092,"endTime":755.362,"body":"large"},{"startTime":755.362,"endTime":755.962,"body":"they need to be."},{"startTime":756.322,"endTime":757.312,"body":"Uh, they're just gonna depend"},{"startTime":757.312,"endTime":759.982,"body":"on whatever your reactor output is"},{"startTime":757.312,"endTime":759.982,"body":"and how much heat you're managing."},{"startTime":760.222,"endTime":761.302,"body":"You're probably gonna have backups, of"},{"startTime":761.302,"endTime":762.382,"body":"course, and maybe even"},{"startTime":762.652,"endTime":765.802,"body":"temporary deployable, uh,"},{"startTime":762.652,"endTime":765.802,"body":"radiators you can set up if your"},{"startTime":765.802,"endTime":767.032,"body":"main radiators get destroyed."},{"startTime":767.712,"endTime":770.352,"body":"Maybe these radiators can retract if you"},{"startTime":770.352,"endTime":771.312,"body":"are doing a hard burn,"},{"startTime":771.492,"endTime":771.792,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":771.792,"endTime":774.192,"body":"So if you're, you know, for example,"},{"startTime":771.792,"endTime":774.192,"body":"if you have a ship that's capable"},{"startTime":774.192,"endTime":777.822,"body":"of doing a one G sustained burn"},{"startTime":774.192,"endTime":777.822,"body":"for a little bit, you might have"},{"startTime":777.822,"endTime":779.052,"body":"a way to shore up your radiators."},{"startTime":779.052,"endTime":781.572,"body":"Or if that's something you're"},{"startTime":779.052,"endTime":781.572,"body":"doing long term, right?"},{"startTime":781.572,"endTime":785.562,"body":"Like we see in the expanse, ships are able"},{"startTime":781.572,"endTime":785.562,"body":"to do a one G burn from earth to Mars."},{"startTime":785.832,"endTime":786.882,"body":"Obviously, if you're doing the"},{"startTime":786.882,"endTime":787.992,"body":"one G burden the whole way,"},{"startTime":788.202,"endTime":790.692,"body":"you need to build your radiators in"},{"startTime":788.202,"endTime":790.692,"body":"such a way that they can withstand"},{"startTime":790.992,"endTime":793.632,"body":"one G of force, which means they"},{"startTime":790.992,"endTime":793.632,"body":"would have to be able to withstand."},{"startTime":794.012,"endTime":794.732,"body":"Fully on earth."},{"startTime":794.972,"endTime":795.272,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":795.452,"endTime":798.692,"body":"So you can't just do a nice, thin,"},{"startTime":795.452,"endTime":798.692,"body":"long, narrow radiator like the ISS has."},{"startTime":798.692,"endTime":801.992,"body":"Because if you were to try to put that"},{"startTime":798.692,"endTime":801.992,"body":"into gravity Well, right, or subject"},{"startTime":801.992,"endTime":803.042,"body":"it to one G force, it would snap."},{"startTime":803.102,"endTime":803.312,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":803.312,"endTime":803.642,"body":"It would just"},{"startTime":803.642,"endTime":804.092,"body":"slump"},{"startTime":804.092,"endTime":804.302,"body":"over."},{"startTime":805.758,"endTime":808.518,"body":"yeah, I mean it's, it, it is a"},{"startTime":805.758,"endTime":808.518,"body":"really cool concept to think about."},{"startTime":808.518,"endTime":809.298,"body":"And one that, like"},{"startTime":809.298,"endTime":809.598,"body":"you said,"},{"startTime":809.598,"endTime":813.853,"body":"is super important because like you think"},{"startTime":809.598,"endTime":813.853,"body":"about, uh, massive ships that we have."},{"startTime":814.523,"endTime":814.883,"body":"They like"},{"startTime":814.883,"endTime":818.513,"body":"on Earth today, like cruise ships"},{"startTime":814.883,"endTime":818.513,"body":"for example, their highest expenses"},{"startTime":818.513,"endTime":821.003,"body":"are their engines and their"},{"startTime":818.513,"endTime":821.003,"body":"engines put off a lot of heat."},{"startTime":821.003,"endTime":823.883,"body":"So their second highest"},{"startTime":821.003,"endTime":823.883,"body":"expense is climate control."},{"startTime":824.003,"endTime":824.333,"body":"Oh, really?"},{"startTime":824.333,"endTime":824.843,"body":"I didn't know that."},{"startTime":824.903,"endTime":825.623,"body":"Yeah, so"},{"startTime":825.923,"endTime":826.613,"body":"being able"},{"startTime":826.613,"endTime":830.633,"body":"to not, you know, just have everybody"},{"startTime":826.613,"endTime":830.633,"body":"live comfortably on these massive"},{"startTime":830.633,"endTime":834.983,"body":"ships, it requires these radiators"},{"startTime":830.633,"endTime":834.983,"body":"to be able to produce enough cool"},{"startTime":834.983,"endTime":836.483,"body":"air to be able to just circulate."},{"startTime":836.873,"endTime":838.313,"body":"And that's not even the main thing."},{"startTime":838.313,"endTime":838.403,"body":"The"},{"startTime":838.403,"endTime":838.823,"body":"main thing"},{"startTime":838.823,"endTime":838.973,"body":"is"},{"startTime":838.973,"endTime":839.243,"body":"that if"},{"startTime":839.243,"endTime":842.453,"body":"you don't, yeah, living comfortably"},{"startTime":839.243,"endTime":842.453,"body":"and feeling comfortable is nice, but"},{"startTime":842.453,"endTime":843.713,"body":"without these radiators, you'll cook."},{"startTime":843.893,"endTime":844.883,"body":"Oh yeah, you will die."},{"startTime":844.883,"endTime":847.403,"body":"Like these ships are very isolated, right?"},{"startTime":847.403,"endTime":849.293,"body":"If you have a water"},{"startTime":847.403,"endTime":849.293,"body":"bottle right now, that's"},{"startTime":849.293,"endTime":849.773,"body":"probably a"},{"startTime":849.773,"endTime":851.063,"body":"vacuum insulated bottle."},{"startTime":851.065,"endTime":853.483,"body":"The reason being is that"},{"startTime":851.065,"endTime":853.483,"body":"vacuum is an amazing insulator."},{"startTime":853.753,"endTime":858.013,"body":"So if you don't have these large radiating"},{"startTime":853.753,"endTime":858.013,"body":"surfaces, your ship will overheat and"},{"startTime":858.013,"endTime":861.043,"body":"your crew will die, and components"},{"startTime":858.013,"endTime":861.043,"body":"will start to melt down and break."},{"startTime":861.163,"endTime":861.313,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":861.678,"endTime":863.953,"body":"The, the engines will"},{"startTime":861.678,"endTime":863.953,"body":"essentially just cook."},{"startTime":864.043,"endTime":866.778,"body":"Yeah, just melt down your entire"},{"startTime":864.043,"endTime":866.778,"body":"ship and the people in it engine,"},{"startTime":866.778,"endTime":868.393,"body":"there's no engine you spill that heat."},{"startTime":868.663,"endTime":871.993,"body":"The engines, the computers, the people, I"},{"startTime":868.663,"endTime":871.993,"body":"mean, you can think of every single person"},{"startTime":871.993,"endTime":874.273,"body":"on your ship as a 100 watt space heater."},{"startTime":874.812,"endTime":877.848,"body":"So 10 people, you know, that's already"},{"startTime":874.812,"endTime":877.848,"body":"a thousand watts that you gotta deal"},{"startTime":877.848,"endTime":880.968,"body":"with a kilowatt of energy that you need"},{"startTime":877.848,"endTime":880.968,"body":"to be able to radiate out into space."},{"startTime":881.578,"endTime":882.868,"body":"And that's just for 10 people."},{"startTime":883.108,"endTime":884.818,"body":"Insane to think about, especially"},{"startTime":884.818,"endTime":885.118,"body":"when we're"},{"startTime":885.118,"endTime":888.298,"body":"talking about these ships that are"},{"startTime":885.118,"endTime":888.298,"body":"carrying potentially thousands."},{"startTime":888.418,"endTime":889.078,"body":"Exactly."},{"startTime":889.108,"endTime":892.588,"body":"And I know we've done an episode about"},{"startTime":889.108,"endTime":892.588,"body":"building up like world sized planets."},{"startTime":892.588,"endTime":896.878,"body":"You can get to a point where just"},{"startTime":892.588,"endTime":896.878,"body":"shearly the, the body heat of people"},{"startTime":896.878,"endTime":898.828,"body":"can make a planet surface inhabitable."},{"startTime":898.978,"endTime":900.238,"body":"And that's quadrillions of people."},{"startTime":900.238,"endTime":903.118,"body":"But when you're on an isolated"},{"startTime":900.238,"endTime":903.118,"body":"spaceship, you don't need that many."},{"startTime":903.518,"endTime":907.178,"body":"So long story short, heat management"},{"startTime":903.518,"endTime":907.178,"body":"is gonna be a huge thing you have to"},{"startTime":907.178,"endTime":911.048,"body":"think about with ships and for civilian"},{"startTime":907.178,"endTime":911.048,"body":"systems that's, you know, all fine"},{"startTime":911.048,"endTime":914.948,"body":"and dandy, massive radiators that can"},{"startTime":911.048,"endTime":914.948,"body":"withstand whatever your max burn is."},{"startTime":915.14,"endTime":917.21,"body":"But with warships, that gets"},{"startTime":915.14,"endTime":917.21,"body":"a little more complicated."},{"startTime":917.584,"endTime":920.044,"body":"Yeah, I mean, you need"},{"startTime":917.584,"endTime":920.044,"body":"to take into account."},{"startTime":920.514,"endTime":922.794,"body":"First of all, the output"},{"startTime":920.514,"endTime":922.794,"body":"of your weapons mm-hmm."},{"startTime":923.064,"endTime":925.974,"body":"Is for every weapon that's fired,"},{"startTime":923.064,"endTime":925.974,"body":"you're producing heat energy."},{"startTime":925.974,"endTime":928.944,"body":"Unless you somehow create something"},{"startTime":925.974,"endTime":928.944,"body":"that is a hundred percent efficient,"},{"startTime":929.184,"endTime":932.004,"body":"which is only speculative at this point,"},{"startTime":932.184,"endTime":932.994,"body":"it's just impossible."},{"startTime":932.994,"endTime":933.114,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":933.114,"endTime":934.074,"body":"By knowing thermodynamics,"},{"startTime":934.074,"endTime":934.164,"body":"right."},{"startTime":934.434,"endTime":936.264,"body":"You don't even speculate that possible."},{"startTime":936.274,"endTime":940.221,"body":"and then you're also thinking"},{"startTime":936.274,"endTime":940.221,"body":"about you need to perform evasive"},{"startTime":940.221,"endTime":942.471,"body":"maneuvers, be able to move around in,"},{"startTime":942.471,"endTime":942.801,"body":"like you"},{"startTime":942.801,"endTime":945.891,"body":"said, you know, sustaining a"},{"startTime":942.801,"endTime":945.891,"body":"one G burn is fine, but what"},{"startTime":945.891,"endTime":946.221,"body":"happens"},{"startTime":946.221,"endTime":948.591,"body":"when you have to sustain"},{"startTime":946.221,"endTime":948.591,"body":"a four or a five to evade?"},{"startTime":948.996,"endTime":950.016,"body":"Weapon systems."},{"startTime":950.406,"endTime":950.796,"body":"What are your"},{"startTime":950.796,"endTime":951.816,"body":"radiators doing then?"},{"startTime":951.816,"endTime":955.296,"body":"And then like when you are able"},{"startTime":951.816,"endTime":955.296,"body":"to fan them out, like, like how"},{"startTime":955.296,"endTime":956.346,"body":"do you get to that safety point?"},{"startTime":956.346,"endTime":957.816,"body":"There's so much more to consider."},{"startTime":957.966,"endTime":961.716,"body":"That's a big one, is just can you"},{"startTime":957.966,"endTime":961.716,"body":"maneuver the way you need to maneuver"},{"startTime":961.926,"endTime":963.276,"body":"with your radiators deployed?"},{"startTime":963.516,"endTime":966.246,"body":"And what happens when your"},{"startTime":963.516,"endTime":966.246,"body":"enemy shoots your radiators?"},{"startTime":966.5,"endTime":969.02,"body":"So I suspect there would be a"},{"startTime":966.5,"endTime":969.02,"body":"lot of emphasis on radiators that"},{"startTime":969.02,"endTime":970.7,"body":"could retract and deploy very fast."},{"startTime":970.91,"endTime":972.71,"body":"That way if you detect"},{"startTime":970.91,"endTime":972.71,"body":"something coming at you,"},{"startTime":972.98,"endTime":973.07,"body":"you"},{"startTime":973.07,"endTime":975.02,"body":"can pull your radiators in and move."},{"startTime":975.5,"endTime":978.02,"body":"In addition to that, you"},{"startTime":975.5,"endTime":978.02,"body":"probably would design your"},{"startTime":978.02,"endTime":979.58,"body":"radiators with fail safe points."},{"startTime":980.0,"endTime":983.99,"body":"If you see a missile coming and you've"},{"startTime":980.0,"endTime":983.99,"body":"got two seconds to evade, you need"},{"startTime":983.99,"endTime":986.87,"body":"to know that if your ship makes that"},{"startTime":983.99,"endTime":986.87,"body":"move, your radiators are gonna break"},{"startTime":986.87,"endTime":989.63,"body":"in such a way that it's not gonna"},{"startTime":986.87,"endTime":989.63,"body":"damage the rest of your ship, because"},{"startTime":989.63,"endTime":992.27,"body":"yeah, that presents an issue down the"},{"startTime":989.63,"endTime":992.27,"body":"road, but at least you have it down"},{"startTime":992.27,"endTime":993.53,"body":"the road to contemplate that issue."},{"startTime":993.53,"endTime":993.83,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":994.235,"endTime":994.685,"body":"That's true."},{"startTime":994.685,"endTime":994.985,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":994.985,"endTime":998.375,"body":"I mean you could implement like"},{"startTime":994.985,"endTime":998.375,"body":"snap points, sort of like how, you"},{"startTime":998.375,"endTime":1000.715,"body":"know you were, you were talking"},{"startTime":998.375,"endTime":1000.715,"body":"about the ISS, it's on just that."},{"startTime":1000.715,"endTime":1003.055,"body":"Then Pul if it experiences"},{"startTime":1000.715,"endTime":1003.055,"body":"one G, it just breaks."},{"startTime":1003.295,"endTime":1003.775,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":1003.805,"endTime":1006.865,"body":"So like they could have it set up to"},{"startTime":1003.805,"endTime":1006.865,"body":"where they have failure points at three"},{"startTime":1006.865,"endTime":1008.515,"body":"Gs or whatever it might have to be,"},{"startTime":1008.575,"endTime":1011.365,"body":"or they break in such a way they're"},{"startTime":1008.575,"endTime":1011.365,"body":"not gonna damage the rest of your ship."},{"startTime":1011.395,"endTime":1011.545,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1011.545,"endTime":1014.125,"body":"Just fly around and tear"},{"startTime":1011.545,"endTime":1014.125,"body":"off all your other radiators"},{"startTime":1014.125,"endTime":1015.355,"body":"that are already retracted."},{"startTime":1015.445,"endTime":1015.985,"body":"Exactly."},{"startTime":1016.435,"endTime":1019.855,"body":"Another thing I think you would do with"},{"startTime":1016.435,"endTime":1019.855,"body":"a warship is you would actually build"},{"startTime":1019.855,"endTime":1021.775,"body":"radiators into the whole of the ship."},{"startTime":1021.925,"endTime":1024.835,"body":"So we imagine spaceships being"},{"startTime":1021.925,"endTime":1024.835,"body":"these nice, sleek designs, right?"},{"startTime":1025.105,"endTime":1027.865,"body":"But I think you would actually see"},{"startTime":1025.105,"endTime":1027.865,"body":"these would be quite rough surfaces."},{"startTime":1027.865,"endTime":1029.635,"body":"Like imagine what a car radiator"},{"startTime":1029.635,"endTime":1030.025,"body":"looks like."},{"startTime":1030.025,"endTime":1033.775,"body":"You would probably wrap your ship in that"},{"startTime":1030.025,"endTime":1033.775,"body":"to have some type of radiating capacity"},{"startTime":1033.775,"endTime":1035.305,"body":"while your radiators are pulled in."},{"startTime":1035.575,"endTime":1035.635,"body":"I"},{"startTime":1035.635,"endTime":1037.435,"body":"mean, this obviously would not be enough."},{"startTime":1037.795,"endTime":1037.945,"body":"To"},{"startTime":1037.945,"endTime":1038.785,"body":"fully"},{"startTime":1039.055,"endTime":1042.235,"body":"meet your ship's thermal needs,"},{"startTime":1039.055,"endTime":1042.235,"body":"but it could buy you some valuable"},{"startTime":1042.235,"endTime":1043.615,"body":"time while you're in combat."},{"startTime":1043.795,"endTime":1045.865,"body":"That way you still have some"},{"startTime":1043.795,"endTime":1045.865,"body":"radiation ability while your"},{"startTime":1045.865,"endTime":1047.005,"body":"main radiators are pulled in."},{"startTime":1047.185,"endTime":1049.945,"body":"Might only last for a couple of"},{"startTime":1047.185,"endTime":1049.945,"body":"minutes, but maybe that's all you need."},{"startTime":1050.455,"endTime":1053.465,"body":"Yeah, especially in earlier designs,"},{"startTime":1050.455,"endTime":1053.465,"body":"before it's perfected, it would"},{"startTime":1053.465,"endTime":1057.785,"body":"be seconds would mean everything"},{"startTime":1053.465,"endTime":1057.785,"body":"between the shift of having your"},{"startTime":1057.785,"endTime":1059.705,"body":"radiators pulled in and pushed out."},{"startTime":1059.795,"endTime":1063.483,"body":"they might be able to implement some"},{"startTime":1059.795,"endTime":1063.483,"body":"kind of a, like a, like a water cooling"},{"startTime":1063.483,"endTime":1064.143,"body":"system that gives"},{"startTime":1064.143,"endTime":1067.473,"body":"you more time like that, sort"},{"startTime":1064.143,"endTime":1067.473,"body":"of like you have on a computer."},{"startTime":1067.683,"endTime":1068.793,"body":"So you have like this layer"},{"startTime":1068.793,"endTime":1069.753,"body":"of liquid that"},{"startTime":1069.753,"endTime":1072.813,"body":"is able to store that heat"},{"startTime":1069.753,"endTime":1072.813,"body":"instead of radiating it through"},{"startTime":1072.813,"endTime":1074.103,"body":"the ship, and then the radiators"},{"startTime":1074.103,"endTime":1074.343,"body":"just"},{"startTime":1074.343,"endTime":1075.603,"body":"expel the heat from the liquid."},{"startTime":1076.368,"endTime":1080.298,"body":"But then again, you're adding more"},{"startTime":1076.368,"endTime":1080.298,"body":"weight to your ship, more problems."},{"startTime":1080.328,"endTime":1081.198,"body":"If there's damage"},{"startTime":1081.198,"endTime":1081.498,"body":"to that"},{"startTime":1081.498,"endTime":1082.788,"body":"system, it leaks that water."},{"startTime":1082.788,"endTime":1083.448,"body":"And then what?"},{"startTime":1083.628,"endTime":1085.578,"body":"No, I actually think that's a great idea."},{"startTime":1085.788,"endTime":1088.608,"body":"I really could see ships hamming,"},{"startTime":1085.788,"endTime":1088.608,"body":"especially ships that are"},{"startTime":1088.608,"endTime":1090.198,"body":"preparing to go into combat."},{"startTime":1090.408,"endTime":1091.008,"body":"If you need to"},{"startTime":1091.008,"endTime":1091.428,"body":"pull in all"},{"startTime":1091.428,"endTime":1094.458,"body":"your radiative surfaces, and"},{"startTime":1091.428,"endTime":1094.458,"body":"especially in combat, you're"},{"startTime":1094.458,"endTime":1095.778,"body":"expecting to produce a lot of energy."},{"startTime":1095.838,"endTime":1097.908,"body":"Weapons are gonna be hot,"},{"startTime":1095.838,"endTime":1097.908,"body":"engines are gonna be hot."},{"startTime":1098.548,"endTime":1102.088,"body":"You need to be able to get rid of"},{"startTime":1098.548,"endTime":1102.088,"body":"that heat in in some way to operate."},{"startTime":1102.388,"endTime":1105.448,"body":"So having massive tanks of"},{"startTime":1102.388,"endTime":1105.448,"body":"liquid, even water, water"},{"startTime":1105.448,"endTime":1106.768,"body":"actually would be great for this."},{"startTime":1106.971,"endTime":1108.081,"body":"What you'll probably do if you know"},{"startTime":1108.081,"endTime":1108.351,"body":"you're going"},{"startTime":1108.351,"endTime":1111.651,"body":"into a battle is you'll go ahead and"},{"startTime":1108.351,"endTime":1111.651,"body":"start freezing that water in advance."},{"startTime":1111.891,"endTime":1114.081,"body":"That way you can take advantage"},{"startTime":1111.891,"endTime":1114.081,"body":"of the phase change as the water"},{"startTime":1114.081,"endTime":1115.401,"body":"changes from ice to liquid."},{"startTime":1115.706,"endTime":1119.186,"body":"And then the energy it takes to heat that"},{"startTime":1115.706,"endTime":1119.186,"body":"from zero degrees to a hundred degrees."},{"startTime":1119.396,"endTime":1122.666,"body":"And then another latent heat of"},{"startTime":1119.396,"endTime":1122.666,"body":"energy is that transfers from a"},{"startTime":1122.936,"endTime":1123.236,"body":"liquid"},{"startTime":1123.236,"endTime":1125.726,"body":"form to a gas form that"},{"startTime":1123.236,"endTime":1125.726,"body":"is a lot of energy."},{"startTime":1125.786,"endTime":1127.616,"body":"You're able to absorb"},{"startTime":1125.786,"endTime":1127.616,"body":"a lot of heat that way."},{"startTime":1127.946,"endTime":1131.216,"body":"And if you had a ton of ice, which"},{"startTime":1127.946,"endTime":1131.216,"body":"for these ships might not be a"},{"startTime":1131.216,"endTime":1132.566,"body":"lot, depends how big your ship is."},{"startTime":1132.566,"endTime":1134.336,"body":"Obviously that could buy you."},{"startTime":1135.016,"endTime":1137.926,"body":"Up to eight minutes, 10"},{"startTime":1135.016,"endTime":1137.926,"body":"minutes of operational time at"},{"startTime":1137.926,"endTime":1139.636,"body":"like a five megawatt output."},{"startTime":1139.666,"endTime":1143.206,"body":"Obviously the, the time you have will"},{"startTime":1139.666,"endTime":1143.206,"body":"depend on the amount of ice you have and"},{"startTime":1143.476,"endTime":1147.376,"body":"the actual output you're expecting, but"},{"startTime":1143.476,"endTime":1147.376,"body":"this could buy you very valuable, serious"},{"startTime":1147.376,"endTime":1149.986,"body":"time to operate with radiators retracted."},{"startTime":1150.256,"endTime":1152.896,"body":"And then once you finish battle,"},{"startTime":1150.256,"endTime":1152.896,"body":"you pop out your radiators"},{"startTime":1152.896,"endTime":1153.826,"body":"and you get rid of that heat."},{"startTime":1153.886,"endTime":1154.606,"body":"Or if it's an"},{"startTime":1154.606,"endTime":1155.776,"body":"emergency situation, you could"},{"startTime":1155.776,"endTime":1159.046,"body":"even vent that steam as a way to"},{"startTime":1155.776,"endTime":1159.046,"body":"carry away that waste heat and allow"},{"startTime":1159.046,"endTime":1160.486,"body":"you to not overheat during battle."},{"startTime":1161.691,"endTime":1165.569,"body":"it's actually really cool to think"},{"startTime":1161.691,"endTime":1165.569,"body":"about, but it's, we're still talking"},{"startTime":1165.569,"endTime":1169.259,"body":"about just like moments in time and,"},{"startTime":1165.569,"endTime":1169.259,"body":"and, but those moments will mean a lot"},{"startTime":1169.259,"endTime":1173.249,"body":"because fighting in space, like with"},{"startTime":1169.259,"endTime":1173.249,"body":"these warships will probably be more"},{"startTime":1173.249,"endTime":1176.414,"body":"like a game of chess than it would be"},{"startTime":1173.249,"endTime":1176.414,"body":"like what we're thinking of as like a, a."},{"startTime":1176.954,"endTime":1180.014,"body":"Reelection fight back and forth, but"},{"startTime":1176.954,"endTime":1180.014,"body":"we've, we've talked about that in"},{"startTime":1180.014,"endTime":1183.434,"body":"the past, but it, it just is a, it's"},{"startTime":1180.014,"endTime":1183.434,"body":"definitely a really cool idea just to"},{"startTime":1183.434,"endTime":1187.094,"body":"add moments and how important that'll"},{"startTime":1183.434,"endTime":1187.094,"body":"be during those combat situations."},{"startTime":1187.154,"endTime":1187.964,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"startTime":1187.964,"endTime":1188.624,"body":"But I could see"},{"startTime":1188.624,"endTime":1189.224,"body":"some type of"},{"startTime":1189.224,"endTime":1191.594,"body":"internal heat sink like that"},{"startTime":1189.224,"endTime":1191.594,"body":"being developed for warships"},{"startTime":1191.834,"endTime":1192.944,"body":"to handle moments where you're."},{"startTime":1193.284,"endTime":1194.484,"body":"Expelling a lot of energy."},{"startTime":1194.754,"endTime":1195.864,"body":"Uh, but you can't have your radiators"},{"startTime":1195.864,"endTime":1196.014,"body":"out,"},{"startTime":1196.044,"endTime":1198.414,"body":"and that's something I don't expect"},{"startTime":1196.044,"endTime":1198.414,"body":"you would see in commercial designs"},{"startTime":1198.414,"endTime":1199.854,"body":"like, you know, civilian designs."},{"startTime":1200.034,"endTime":1200.184,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1200.184,"endTime":1201.294,"body":"Because you would be expecting that"},{"startTime":1201.294,"endTime":1201.714,"body":"you can"},{"startTime":1201.864,"endTime":1204.054,"body":"retract and deploy your"},{"startTime":1201.864,"endTime":1204.054,"body":"radiators as needed."},{"startTime":1204.054,"endTime":1204.234,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1204.354,"endTime":1204.684,"body":"You know,"},{"startTime":1204.984,"endTime":1207.959,"body":"uh, another thing to think about too is"},{"startTime":1204.984,"endTime":1207.959,"body":"the actual temperature of your radiators."},{"startTime":1208.844,"endTime":1211.334,"body":"Is the hotter you can get your"},{"startTime":1208.844,"endTime":1211.334,"body":"radiators, the more efficiently they"},{"startTime":1211.334,"endTime":1215.081,"body":"transfer heat, because the energy"},{"startTime":1211.334,"endTime":1215.081,"body":"you radiate from a surface is to"},{"startTime":1215.081,"endTime":1216.251,"body":"the fourth power of temperature."},{"startTime":1216.671,"endTime":1220.481,"body":"So if you double the temperature of your"},{"startTime":1216.671,"endTime":1220.481,"body":"radiator, you get 16 times more energy"},{"startTime":1220.481,"endTime":1222.251,"body":"transfer through radiation and space."},{"startTime":1222.731,"endTime":1224.061,"body":"So For a warship,"},{"startTime":1224.061,"endTime":1225.231,"body":"for example, you might run your"},{"startTime":1225.231,"endTime":1227.091,"body":"radiators a lot hotter"},{"startTime":1225.231,"endTime":1227.091,"body":"than a civilian ship."},{"startTime":1227.361,"endTime":1229.701,"body":"And the thing that's gonna limit"},{"startTime":1227.361,"endTime":1229.701,"body":"how hot you can run your radiators"},{"startTime":1229.701,"endTime":1231.102,"body":"is really just how efficiently you"},{"startTime":1231.102,"endTime":1231.912,"body":"can transfer heat"},{"startTime":1231.912,"endTime":1232.752,"body":"and move heat, right?"},{"startTime":1232.752,"endTime":1235.062,"body":"Because ultimately you're pumping"},{"startTime":1232.752,"endTime":1235.062,"body":"against a temperature gradient."},{"startTime":1235.192,"endTime":1238.492,"body":"You're going from cooler temperatures to"},{"startTime":1235.192,"endTime":1238.492,"body":"hotter temperatures with your heat pump."},{"startTime":1238.852,"endTime":1241.175,"body":"So the bigger that"},{"startTime":1238.852,"endTime":1241.175,"body":"temperature gradient is."},{"startTime":1241.655,"endTime":1244.025,"body":"The more work that heat pump needs"},{"startTime":1241.655,"endTime":1244.025,"body":"to do, and there obviously will"},{"startTime":1244.025,"endTime":1245.315,"body":"be a point of diminishing returns."},{"startTime":1245.615,"endTime":1247.235,"body":"It might be worth it for a warship"},{"startTime":1247.565,"endTime":1248.135,"body":"to expend"},{"startTime":1248.135,"endTime":1252.185,"body":"the extra energy and mass to get those"},{"startTime":1248.135,"endTime":1252.185,"body":"diminishing returns that wouldn't"},{"startTime":1252.185,"endTime":1253.355,"body":"be worth it for a civilian ship."},{"startTime":1253.835,"endTime":1256.775,"body":"The radiators on warships might"},{"startTime":1253.835,"endTime":1256.775,"body":"be much, much hotter than the"},{"startTime":1256.775,"endTime":1258.065,"body":"radiators on civilian ships."},{"startTime":1258.185,"endTime":1259.482,"body":"Oh yeah, absolutely."},{"startTime":1259.542,"endTime":1262.452,"body":"Just with how much more energy, like"},{"startTime":1259.542,"endTime":1262.452,"body":"you said, they're moving through that"},{"startTime":1262.452,"endTime":1264.492,"body":"heat pump at at any given moment."},{"startTime":1264.492,"endTime":1264.942,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":1264.942,"endTime":1265.992,"body":"Because that adds complexity then"},{"startTime":1265.992,"endTime":1266.562,"body":"adds cost."},{"startTime":1266.562,"endTime":1266.802,"body":"But"},{"startTime":1266.802,"endTime":1267.582,"body":"yeah, that would be a key"},{"startTime":1267.582,"endTime":1267.822,"body":"thing."},{"startTime":1267.822,"endTime":1267.912,"body":"And"},{"startTime":1267.912,"endTime":1271.182,"body":"if Mike can run my radiators hotter than"},{"startTime":1267.912,"endTime":1271.182,"body":"you can run yours, I can get by with less"},{"startTime":1271.182,"endTime":1272.082,"body":"radiating surface"},{"startTime":1272.142,"endTime":1273.732,"body":"or get rid of energy"},{"startTime":1272.142,"endTime":1273.732,"body":"much more efficiently."},{"startTime":1273.882,"endTime":1278.592,"body":"Yeah, I mean it's just, it's more time not"},{"startTime":1273.882,"endTime":1278.592,"body":"sitting idle and being able to essentially"},{"startTime":1278.592,"endTime":1279.133,"body":"fight back."},{"startTime":1279.189,"endTime":1279.434,"body":"that you"},{"startTime":1279.434,"endTime":1279.554,"body":"have."},{"startTime":1279.939,"endTime":1280.419,"body":"So it"},{"startTime":1280.419,"endTime":1283.269,"body":"would be like this crazy"},{"startTime":1280.419,"endTime":1283.269,"body":"race of radiator technology."},{"startTime":1284.649,"endTime":1285.369,"body":"Absolutely."},{"startTime":1285.699,"endTime":1288.879,"body":"Another thing too is obviously gonna"},{"startTime":1285.699,"endTime":1288.879,"body":"be radiation space is not a kind place."},{"startTime":1288.879,"endTime":1291.819,"body":"There's a lot of radiation coming from"},{"startTime":1288.879,"endTime":1291.819,"body":"our sun or coming from, uh, actual"},{"startTime":1291.819,"endTime":1293.529,"body":"space itself into our solar system."},{"startTime":1293.649,"endTime":1293.739,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1293.979,"endTime":1296.109,"body":"So we're gonna have to design"},{"startTime":1293.979,"endTime":1296.109,"body":"ships with that in mind."},{"startTime":1296.559,"endTime":1298.539,"body":"Now, obviously for the ships"},{"startTime":1296.559,"endTime":1298.539,"body":"that we're talking about"},{"startTime":1298.539,"endTime":1299.859,"body":"that are operating in earths."},{"startTime":1300.01,"endTime":1300.583,"body":"vicinity."},{"startTime":1300.613,"endTime":1303.043,"body":"They can take advantage of"},{"startTime":1300.613,"endTime":1303.043,"body":"earth magnetosphere that extends"},{"startTime":1303.043,"endTime":1304.243,"body":"out past low Earth's orbit."},{"startTime":1304.483,"endTime":1308.353,"body":"They can get by with less shielding and"},{"startTime":1304.483,"endTime":1308.353,"body":"you're also just not in on this long."},{"startTime":1308.353,"endTime":1308.623,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":1308.623,"endTime":1313.201,"body":"So even if you are getting exposed to"},{"startTime":1308.623,"endTime":1313.201,"body":"more peak radiation, if that transits"},{"startTime":1313.201,"endTime":1316.651,"body":"only five, 10 minutes, then it's not a big"},{"startTime":1313.201,"endTime":1316.651,"body":"deal unless you're doing it constantly."},{"startTime":1317.041,"endTime":1317.251,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1317.761,"endTime":1321.541,"body":"With a ship that's gonna be operating"},{"startTime":1317.761,"endTime":1321.541,"body":"in the deep solar system for longer"},{"startTime":1321.541,"endTime":1323.491,"body":"periods of time, that becomes an issue."},{"startTime":1323.641,"endTime":1326.281,"body":"You really do need to manage your"},{"startTime":1323.641,"endTime":1326.281,"body":"radiation and on top of that, you"},{"startTime":1326.281,"endTime":1327.211,"body":"have to think about solar storms."},{"startTime":1327.796,"endTime":1329.776,"body":"There's times of more"},{"startTime":1327.796,"endTime":1329.776,"body":"radiation than others."},{"startTime":1329.776,"endTime":1332.932,"body":"If you get hit with a solar storm, the"},{"startTime":1329.776,"endTime":1332.932,"body":"radiation shielding you might have that's"},{"startTime":1332.932,"endTime":1336.142,"body":"adequate for day to day might completely"},{"startTime":1332.932,"endTime":1336.142,"body":"fail you during a solar storm, and"},{"startTime":1336.142,"endTime":1338.302,"body":"you might take a very dangerous dose."},{"startTime":1338.842,"endTime":1341.752,"body":"Yeah, I mean, it is just like you"},{"startTime":1338.842,"endTime":1341.752,"body":"were talking about before, these"},{"startTime":1341.752,"endTime":1346.432,"body":"smaller ships, they have this, this"},{"startTime":1341.752,"endTime":1346.432,"body":"time to be helped and have maintenance"},{"startTime":1346.432,"endTime":1347.632,"body":"on them whenever they need it."},{"startTime":1347.662,"endTime":1349.492,"body":"You know, if we're talking"},{"startTime":1347.662,"endTime":1349.492,"body":"about 10 minute transits, but"},{"startTime":1349.492,"endTime":1350.752,"body":"if you're going out there for"},{"startTime":1351.052,"endTime":1351.802,"body":"six months,"},{"startTime":1351.832,"endTime":1353.302,"body":"eight months, two years."},{"startTime":1353.722,"endTime":1356.422,"body":"Uh, you gotta make sure that that"},{"startTime":1353.722,"endTime":1356.422,"body":"radiation shielding doesn't get"},{"startTime":1356.422,"endTime":1360.502,"body":"stripped away because again, you just"},{"startTime":1356.422,"endTime":1360.502,"body":"end up getting cooked in a probably"},{"startTime":1360.502,"endTime":1362.122,"body":"a much worse way inside of your ship."},{"startTime":1362.872,"endTime":1364.822,"body":"Or, you know, really what"},{"startTime":1362.872,"endTime":1364.822,"body":"you're gonna just see is just"},{"startTime":1364.822,"endTime":1365.847,"body":"increased rates of cancer."},{"startTime":1366.61,"endTime":1369.807,"body":"Yeah, I mean, I guess you, you"},{"startTime":1366.61,"endTime":1369.807,"body":"would have that, damage over time."},{"startTime":1369.807,"endTime":1370.257,"body":"Maybe you"},{"startTime":1370.257,"endTime":1373.677,"body":"run three missions and you come"},{"startTime":1370.257,"endTime":1373.677,"body":"back and, uh, oh, well now your"},{"startTime":1373.677,"endTime":1375.237,"body":"whole crew is dying of cancer."},{"startTime":1375.327,"endTime":1378.837,"body":"That's gonna be the big one, is the, the,"},{"startTime":1375.327,"endTime":1378.837,"body":"the cancer and the cumulative effects more"},{"startTime":1378.837,"endTime":1382.317,"body":"than the immediate radiation exposure,"},{"startTime":1378.837,"endTime":1382.317,"body":"especially in the deeper solar system."},{"startTime":1382.527,"endTime":1383.847,"body":"So that's something you"},{"startTime":1382.527,"endTime":1383.847,"body":"have to take account of."},{"startTime":1383.935,"endTime":1384.835,"body":"but that's an interesting one."},{"startTime":1384.835,"endTime":1387.745,"body":"'cause that's where spaceship design"},{"startTime":1384.835,"endTime":1387.745,"body":"and modern medicine will collide."},{"startTime":1387.775,"endTime":1389.065,"body":"Because the better you can treat"},{"startTime":1389.065,"endTime":1389.725,"body":"cancer, the"},{"startTime":1389.905,"endTime":1392.515,"body":"less you're concerned about"},{"startTime":1389.905,"endTime":1392.515,"body":"radiation exposure to an extent."},{"startTime":1392.845,"endTime":1396.625,"body":"But if you can treat almost all cancer,"},{"startTime":1392.845,"endTime":1396.625,"body":"you might be willing to get by with a"},{"startTime":1396.625,"endTime":1398.095,"body":"little less radiation shielding, right?"},{"startTime":1398.425,"endTime":1401.875,"body":"And if cancer stays what it is today, then"},{"startTime":1398.425,"endTime":1401.875,"body":"you might want more radiation shielding."},{"startTime":1402.235,"endTime":1403.615,"body":"So that will also play a role."},{"startTime":1403.615,"endTime":1405.175,"body":"But in general, you're gonna"},{"startTime":1403.615,"endTime":1405.175,"body":"need it no matter what."},{"startTime":1406.12,"endTime":1408.1,"body":"Now, one of the things"},{"startTime":1406.12,"endTime":1408.1,"body":"I was thinking about"},{"startTime":1408.1,"endTime":1408.25,"body":"for"},{"startTime":1408.25,"endTime":1410.295,"body":"a ship that's operating"},{"startTime":1408.25,"endTime":1410.295,"body":"in the solar system is."},{"startTime":1411.01,"endTime":1413.71,"body":"This is an old design, but for"},{"startTime":1411.01,"endTime":1413.71,"body":"one water storage around the"},{"startTime":1413.71,"endTime":1415.06,"body":"outside of the ship, especially"},{"startTime":1415.36,"endTime":1417.04,"body":"through compartments because water makes"},{"startTime":1417.04,"endTime":1418.84,"body":"a great anti radiation shield."},{"startTime":1419.17,"endTime":1419.56,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1419.62,"endTime":1419.83,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":1419.88,"endTime":1421.32,"body":"There's a reason we store spent"},{"startTime":1421.32,"endTime":1421.95,"body":"nuclear fuel"},{"startTime":1421.95,"endTime":1426.54,"body":"underwater and why a lot of radiation and"},{"startTime":1421.95,"endTime":1426.54,"body":"a lot of nuclear reactors work underwater."},{"startTime":1426.9,"endTime":1430.92,"body":"It's just, it does good at blocking high"},{"startTime":1426.9,"endTime":1430.92,"body":"energy radiation and conveniently water's"},{"startTime":1430.92,"endTime":1432.24,"body":"already something you have to carry in"},{"startTime":1432.24,"endTime":1432.63,"body":"your ship."},{"startTime":1432.9,"endTime":1433.17,"body":"You need"},{"startTime":1433.17,"endTime":1433.56,"body":"it for people"},{"startTime":1433.56,"endTime":1433.95,"body":"to drink."},{"startTime":1433.95,"endTime":1434.28,"body":"You're gonna have"},{"startTime":1434.28,"endTime":1434.76,"body":"wastewater."},{"startTime":1434.76,"endTime":1436.74,"body":"You probably have it for"},{"startTime":1434.76,"endTime":1436.74,"body":"cooling, so this isn't"},{"startTime":1436.74,"endTime":1437.28,"body":"extra mass."},{"startTime":1437.28,"endTime":1437.55,"body":"You have to"},{"startTime":1437.55,"endTime":1437.94,"body":"carry."},{"startTime":1438.056,"endTime":1440.599,"body":"If you just, instead of having"},{"startTime":1438.056,"endTime":1440.599,"body":"the water tank leak in this center"},{"startTime":1440.599,"endTime":1440.899,"body":"your ship,"},{"startTime":1440.899,"endTime":1443.239,"body":"if you actually just,"},{"startTime":1440.899,"endTime":1443.239,"body":"uh, put that water as a"},{"startTime":1443.239,"endTime":1444.049,"body":"jacket around your"},{"startTime":1444.109,"endTime":1447.199,"body":"crew compartment, it's doubling as"},{"startTime":1444.109,"endTime":1447.199,"body":"radiation shielding while you're"},{"startTime":1447.199,"endTime":1451.069,"body":"waiting to drink it or, uh, storing"},{"startTime":1447.199,"endTime":1451.069,"body":"it to recycle it and, and filter it."},{"startTime":1451.389,"endTime":1452.589,"body":"It's a cool idea."},{"startTime":1452.649,"endTime":1455.919,"body":"doesn't, the water retain that,"},{"startTime":1452.649,"endTime":1455.919,"body":"the radiation in it though,"},{"startTime":1456.099,"endTime":1457.216,"body":"or does it just block it off?"},{"startTime":1457.509,"endTime":1458.409,"body":"It mostly just blocks it."},{"startTime":1458.409,"endTime":1460.899,"body":"These are high energy particles,"},{"startTime":1458.409,"endTime":1460.899,"body":"so what a lot of these high energy,"},{"startTime":1460.899,"endTime":1463.839,"body":"especially things like protons,"},{"startTime":1460.899,"endTime":1463.839,"body":"uh, what makes them so dangerous"},{"startTime":1463.839,"endTime":1464.799,"body":"is the energy they're carrying."},{"startTime":1464.799,"endTime":1466.209,"body":"So when they get stopped,"},{"startTime":1464.799,"endTime":1466.209,"body":"it's just a proton."},{"startTime":1466.569,"endTime":1469.399,"body":"Now ionizing, radiation's a different"},{"startTime":1466.569,"endTime":1469.399,"body":"story, but, it's not like your drinking"},{"startTime":1469.399,"endTime":1470.449,"body":"water's gonna become irradiated."},{"startTime":1470.599,"endTime":1470.869,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1470.869,"endTime":1473.779,"body":"I mean, and then, then in that case,"},{"startTime":1470.869,"endTime":1473.779,"body":"that would be perfect because that"},{"startTime":1473.779,"endTime":1475.909,"body":"also helps radiate heat away from those"},{"startTime":1475.909,"endTime":1476.509,"body":"cabins as"},{"startTime":1476.509,"endTime":1478.249,"body":"well, having the water stored around them."},{"startTime":1478.639,"endTime":1479.089,"body":"Not really,"},{"startTime":1479.449,"endTime":1479.689,"body":"no."},{"startTime":1479.779,"endTime":1479.899,"body":"'"},{"startTime":1479.779,"endTime":1479.899,"body":"cause"},{"startTime":1479.899,"endTime":1480.559,"body":"you'd have to get rid of"},{"startTime":1480.559,"endTime":1480.629,"body":"the heat."},{"startTime":1481.669,"endTime":1484.669,"body":"Well, this wouldn't anticipate into"},{"startTime":1481.669,"endTime":1484.669,"body":"the water and then into the radiators."},{"startTime":1484.669,"endTime":1485.599,"body":"On the outside of the ship,"},{"startTime":1485.659,"endTime":1486.079,"body":"you would need a"},{"startTime":1486.079,"endTime":1486.799,"body":"cooling loop to"},{"startTime":1486.829,"endTime":1487.249,"body":"move it."},{"startTime":1487.309,"endTime":1487.729,"body":"I see."},{"startTime":1487.789,"endTime":1488.479,"body":"But just having it"},{"startTime":1488.479,"endTime":1488.839,"body":"stored there?"},{"startTime":1488.839,"endTime":1489.199,"body":"No, it's"},{"startTime":1489.199,"endTime":1490.579,"body":"just an extra layer of mass"},{"startTime":1490.579,"endTime":1490.909,"body":"that's gonna"},{"startTime":1490.909,"endTime":1491.719,"body":"be absorbing heat."},{"startTime":1491.839,"endTime":1491.974,"body":"I gotcha."},{"startTime":1492.019,"endTime":1494.149,"body":"But I mean, once you"},{"startTime":1492.019,"endTime":1494.149,"body":"reach equilibrium, that"},{"startTime":1494.149,"endTime":1494.509,"body":"doesn't really"},{"startTime":1494.509,"endTime":1494.749,"body":"matter."},{"startTime":1494.839,"endTime":1496.699,"body":"Well, regardless, it's"},{"startTime":1494.839,"endTime":1496.699,"body":"an excellent idea to"},{"startTime":1496.699,"endTime":1496.999,"body":"be able"},{"startTime":1496.999,"endTime":1499.849,"body":"to store that water, like you said,"},{"startTime":1496.999,"endTime":1499.849,"body":"that you would need already, and then"},{"startTime":1499.849,"endTime":1501.379,"body":"for it to be able to block radiation."},{"startTime":1501.379,"endTime":1503.899,"body":"I didn't know it was so"},{"startTime":1501.379,"endTime":1503.899,"body":"exceptional at blocking radiation."},{"startTime":1503.959,"endTime":1504.169,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1504.169,"endTime":1506.869,"body":"Anything with a high hydrogen"},{"startTime":1504.169,"endTime":1506.869,"body":"content is gonna be really good at"},{"startTime":1506.869,"endTime":1507.814,"body":"blocking things like solar rays."},{"startTime":1508.329,"endTime":1511.299,"body":"Alternatively too, if you're dealing"},{"startTime":1508.329,"endTime":1511.299,"body":"with solar storms, the thing with"},{"startTime":1511.299,"endTime":1514.005,"body":"solar storms, you have to remember"},{"startTime":1511.299,"endTime":1514.005,"body":"is these are not, omnidirectional."},{"startTime":1514.005,"endTime":1515.145,"body":"They come from the sun."},{"startTime":1515.385,"endTime":1520.245,"body":"So you can build a radiation shelter"},{"startTime":1515.385,"endTime":1520.245,"body":"in your ship that has thicker"},{"startTime":1520.245,"endTime":1522.075,"body":"radiation shielding on one side."},{"startTime":1522.655,"endTime":1525.115,"body":"That way when you detect a"},{"startTime":1522.655,"endTime":1525.115,"body":"solar storm, you just orientate"},{"startTime":1525.115,"endTime":1525.475,"body":"your ship"},{"startTime":1525.475,"endTime":1526.375,"body":"in such a way that you have"},{"startTime":1526.375,"endTime":1528.535,"body":"the most protection from"},{"startTime":1526.375,"endTime":1528.535,"body":"that direction, and that"},{"startTime":1528.535,"endTime":1530.065,"body":"means you can carry less mass overall."},{"startTime":1530.275,"endTime":1533.005,"body":"You don't need meters of radiation"},{"startTime":1530.275,"endTime":1533.005,"body":"shielding around the whole shelter."},{"startTime":1533.275,"endTime":1536.125,"body":"You just need, you know, maybe"},{"startTime":1533.275,"endTime":1536.125,"body":"several meters in one direction and"},{"startTime":1536.125,"endTime":1536.665,"body":"then light"},{"startTime":1536.665,"endTime":1539.905,"body":"radiation shielding around the rest"},{"startTime":1536.665,"endTime":1539.905,"body":"to deal with off access scatter."},{"startTime":1539.905,"endTime":1541.465,"body":"As these, you know, Ray hit your ship"},{"startTime":1541.465,"endTime":1541.585,"body":"and"},{"startTime":1541.585,"endTime":1545.665,"body":"bounce in, and you can also pair that with"},{"startTime":1541.585,"endTime":1545.665,"body":"if you want, potentially water storage."},{"startTime":1546.032,"endTime":1546.662,"body":"Yeah, I"},{"startTime":1546.662,"endTime":1547.982,"body":"mean that would, that would be awesome."},{"startTime":1548.012,"endTime":1550.952,"body":"You would think that you would put it"},{"startTime":1548.012,"endTime":1550.952,"body":"at the widest point of your ship, right?"},{"startTime":1550.952,"endTime":1555.332,"body":"So that when the radiation hits, it"},{"startTime":1550.952,"endTime":1555.332,"body":"would just form, like go, like around it."},{"startTime":1555.495,"endTime":1556.095,"body":"and then"},{"startTime":1556.095,"endTime":1557.385,"body":"you would also be able to store the most"},{"startTime":1557.385,"endTime":1558.405,"body":"amount of water by doing"},{"startTime":1558.405,"endTime":1558.585,"body":"that."},{"startTime":1558.825,"endTime":1559.005,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1559.005,"endTime":1561.735,"body":"It just really depends on where"},{"startTime":1559.005,"endTime":1561.735,"body":"we are with spaceship design."},{"startTime":1561.735,"endTime":1563.145,"body":"I mean, if, if these are earlier"},{"startTime":1563.145,"endTime":1564.105,"body":"ships, then"},{"startTime":1564.105,"endTime":1566.145,"body":"you know, it might be one small"},{"startTime":1564.105,"endTime":1566.145,"body":"room that you just have to"},{"startTime":1566.145,"endTime":1567.555,"body":"hunker down in during a storm."},{"startTime":1567.855,"endTime":1568.305,"body":"If we're getting"},{"startTime":1568.305,"endTime":1571.588,"body":"to the point where we're, we have"},{"startTime":1568.305,"endTime":1571.588,"body":"a whole orbital manufacturing And"},{"startTime":1571.588,"endTime":1572.158,"body":"mass is less"},{"startTime":1572.158,"endTime":1575.428,"body":"of a concern, especially if you're"},{"startTime":1572.158,"endTime":1575.428,"body":"talking about things like civilian ships."},{"startTime":1575.428,"endTime":1579.008,"body":"Then you might, just have that"},{"startTime":1575.428,"endTime":1579.008,"body":"around a whole living compartment"},{"startTime":1579.008,"endTime":1581.318,"body":"so you can spend a long period of"},{"startTime":1579.008,"endTime":1581.318,"body":"time there with relative comfort."},{"startTime":1581.963,"endTime":1583.283,"body":"I didn't even think of any of that."},{"startTime":1583.288,"endTime":1585.143,"body":"That that's pretty,"},{"startTime":1583.288,"endTime":1585.143,"body":"it's pretty incredible."},{"startTime":1585.173,"endTime":1585.323,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1585.323,"endTime":1587.633,"body":"It's fun to think about and it's"},{"startTime":1585.323,"endTime":1587.633,"body":"interesting to think about how you"},{"startTime":1587.633,"endTime":1589.043,"body":"don't need like a one size fits"},{"startTime":1589.043,"endTime":1589.613,"body":"all solution."},{"startTime":1589.741,"endTime":1590.161,"body":"I think there's this"},{"startTime":1590.161,"endTime":1590.581,"body":"idea that"},{"startTime":1590.581,"endTime":1593.431,"body":"like, oh, you're going, you need"},{"startTime":1590.581,"endTime":1593.431,"body":"a meter thick of armor, radiation"},{"startTime":1593.431,"endTime":1595.651,"body":"shielding around your whole ship"},{"startTime":1593.431,"endTime":1595.651,"body":"to protect you from radiation."},{"startTime":1595.832,"endTime":1597.392,"body":"That's gonna depend on"},{"startTime":1595.832,"endTime":1597.392,"body":"medicine, that's gonna depend"},{"startTime":1597.392,"endTime":1597.602,"body":"on what"},{"startTime":1597.602,"endTime":1599.012,"body":"type of radiation you're talking about."},{"startTime":1599.012,"endTime":1601.142,"body":"It's gonna depend on what"},{"startTime":1599.012,"endTime":1601.142,"body":"environment you're operating in."},{"startTime":1601.412,"endTime":1603.512,"body":"Big difference if you're operating"},{"startTime":1601.412,"endTime":1603.512,"body":"on the inner solar system"},{"startTime":1603.512,"endTime":1604.772,"body":"versus the outer solar system."},{"startTime":1605.102,"endTime":1607.982,"body":"If you're operating in Jupiter where"},{"startTime":1605.102,"endTime":1607.982,"body":"there's actually a ton of radiation,"},{"startTime":1607.982,"endTime":1612.542,"body":"because Jupiter directs all that"},{"startTime":1607.982,"endTime":1612.542,"body":"radiation, and IO is there just polluting,"},{"startTime":1612.542,"endTime":1616.202,"body":"uh, polluting Jupiter's orbit with,"},{"startTime":1612.542,"endTime":1616.202,"body":"uh, radiated particles that then get"},{"startTime":1616.382,"endTime":1618.062,"body":"concentrated by Jupiter's magnetic fields."},{"startTime":1618.062,"endTime":1621.152,"body":"So if you're operating in Jupiter,"},{"startTime":1618.062,"endTime":1621.152,"body":"you need a lot more radiation"},{"startTime":1621.152,"endTime":1623.222,"body":"shielding than if you're operating"},{"startTime":1621.152,"endTime":1623.222,"body":"around earth, where you're actually"},{"startTime":1623.222,"endTime":1624.572,"body":"protected by earth's magnetosphere."},{"startTime":1625.052,"endTime":1627.902,"body":"So there's a lot of different"},{"startTime":1625.052,"endTime":1627.902,"body":"considerations and it's not necessarily"},{"startTime":1627.902,"endTime":1631.172,"body":"a case of just throw a bunch of radiation"},{"startTime":1627.902,"endTime":1631.172,"body":"shielding around your whole ship."},{"startTime":1631.742,"endTime":1633.662,"body":"Yeah, I mean that's,"},{"startTime":1631.742,"endTime":1633.662,"body":"that's honestly what I"},{"startTime":1633.662,"endTime":1633.842,"body":"had in"},{"startTime":1633.842,"endTime":1634.232,"body":"my mind."},{"startTime":1634.232,"endTime":1639.499,"body":"I was like, so how do we get a ship that's"},{"startTime":1634.232,"endTime":1639.499,"body":"entirely made out of lead into space?"},{"startTime":1639.574,"endTime":1642.274,"body":"and the the best thing too is just"},{"startTime":1639.574,"endTime":1642.274,"body":"repurposing masks that you have to"},{"startTime":1642.274,"endTime":1643.564,"body":"carry anyways to help protect you."},{"startTime":1643.651,"endTime":1645.549,"body":"Yeah, I mean, that,"},{"startTime":1643.651,"endTime":1645.549,"body":"that is, that is great."},{"startTime":1646.021,"endTime":1647.791,"body":"I learned something new today about water."},{"startTime":1647.965,"endTime":1651.085,"body":"But yeah, when you have the, these"},{"startTime":1647.965,"endTime":1651.085,"body":"ships and you can consider these"},{"startTime":1651.085,"endTime":1651.805,"body":"different designs"},{"startTime":1651.805,"endTime":1651.925,"body":"for"},{"startTime":1651.925,"endTime":1652.195,"body":"them, where"},{"startTime":1652.195,"endTime":1655.855,"body":"they can specialize against different"},{"startTime":1652.195,"endTime":1655.855,"body":"types of radiation is just so cool."},{"startTime":1655.855,"endTime":1656.185,"body":"But I,"},{"startTime":1656.245,"endTime":1659.005,"body":"I definitely also like the idea of"},{"startTime":1656.245,"endTime":1659.005,"body":"where, uh, you know, you can just"},{"startTime":1659.005,"endTime":1660.565,"body":"take a pill and cancer goes away."},{"startTime":1660.685,"endTime":1660.925,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1660.925,"endTime":1661.88,"body":"That is nice to think about."},{"startTime":1661.88,"endTime":1662.08,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":1662.28,"endTime":1663.685,"body":"And you know, again, you would reach"},{"startTime":1663.685,"endTime":1664.285,"body":"an equilibrium"},{"startTime":1664.285,"endTime":1665.425,"body":"point just because you can,"},{"startTime":1665.425,"endTime":1666.325,"body":"99% of"},{"startTime":1666.325,"endTime":1667.255,"body":"the time cure every"},{"startTime":1667.255,"endTime":1667.975,"body":"cancer doesn't"},{"startTime":1667.975,"endTime":1668.275,"body":"mean you're gonna."},{"startTime":1668.765,"endTime":1670.415,"body":"go and radiate yourself for the fun of it."},{"startTime":1670.415,"endTime":1671.105,"body":"There's always still"},{"startTime":1671.105,"endTime":1671.345,"body":"gonna be"},{"startTime":1671.345,"endTime":1671.975,"body":"that chance."},{"startTime":1672.275,"endTime":1674.945,"body":"And even if you can cure cancer"},{"startTime":1672.275,"endTime":1674.945,"body":"very effectively, there's"},{"startTime":1674.945,"endTime":1676.205,"body":"other considerations with that."},{"startTime":1676.329,"endTime":1678.549,"body":"yeah, radiation isn't, isn't"},{"startTime":1676.329,"endTime":1678.549,"body":"ever really a good thing."},{"startTime":1678.549,"endTime":1678.794,"body":"Yeah, yeah."},{"startTime":1679.299,"endTime":1681.759,"body":"You melt your organs and"},{"startTime":1679.299,"endTime":1681.759,"body":"stuff if it's too high."},{"startTime":1681.789,"endTime":1682.179,"body":"So"},{"startTime":1683.049,"endTime":1685.389,"body":"speaking of radiation, another"},{"startTime":1683.049,"endTime":1685.389,"body":"thing you have to consider is"},{"startTime":1685.389,"endTime":1686.829,"body":"radiation produced by your ship."},{"startTime":1687.093,"endTime":1688.053,"body":"Obviously there's radiation"},{"startTime":1688.053,"endTime":1688.263,"body":"from the"},{"startTime":1688.263,"endTime":1689.283,"body":"sun, there's radiation from space."},{"startTime":1689.283,"endTime":1692.823,"body":"But if you're working on a nuclear"},{"startTime":1689.283,"endTime":1692.823,"body":"fission or nuclear fusion reactor,"},{"startTime":1692.823,"endTime":1695.193,"body":"you can also potentially have"},{"startTime":1692.823,"endTime":1695.193,"body":"radiation on your ship itself."},{"startTime":1695.613,"endTime":1698.943,"body":"And this is an area of design that"},{"startTime":1695.613,"endTime":1698.943,"body":"I really like to see, like, um, the"},{"startTime":1698.943,"endTime":1702.693,"body":"ships and avatar do a really good"},{"startTime":1698.943,"endTime":1702.693,"body":"job of this actually where the, the"},{"startTime":1702.693,"endTime":1706.023,"body":"thruster component of the ship and the"},{"startTime":1702.693,"endTime":1706.023,"body":"engineering component is moved very"},{"startTime":1706.028,"endTime":1708.033,"body":"far away from the habitation component."},{"startTime":1708.363,"endTime":1710.553,"body":"It doesn't really feature a ton"},{"startTime":1708.363,"endTime":1710.553,"body":"in the movie, but if you watch"},{"startTime":1710.553,"endTime":1711.543,"body":"some of the opening scenes."},{"startTime":1711.71,"endTime":1714.65,"body":"You can see these ships doing the"},{"startTime":1711.71,"endTime":1714.65,"body":"deceleration burn and you see the design."},{"startTime":1714.65,"endTime":1718.13,"body":"They're very long ships with"},{"startTime":1714.65,"endTime":1718.13,"body":"the reactor on one end, the"},{"startTime":1718.13,"endTime":1719.48,"body":"habitation component on the other."},{"startTime":1719.78,"endTime":1722.39,"body":"And this is actually a cool detail"},{"startTime":1719.78,"endTime":1722.39,"body":"in the movie as they're doing their"},{"startTime":1722.39,"endTime":1723.53,"body":"deceleration burn, you can see the"},{"startTime":1723.53,"endTime":1724.13,"body":"radiators are"},{"startTime":1724.13,"endTime":1725.03,"body":"glowing hot,"},{"startTime":1725.3,"endTime":1725.45,"body":"trying"},{"startTime":1725.45,"endTime":1728.0,"body":"to get rid of all of that waste"},{"startTime":1725.45,"endTime":1728.0,"body":"heat as they're doing this burn."},{"startTime":1728.3,"endTime":1732.35,"body":"So it's also a very possible design"},{"startTime":1728.3,"endTime":1732.35,"body":"you might see is very long ships,"},{"startTime":1732.38,"endTime":1735.65,"body":"uh, with radiation shielding in the"},{"startTime":1732.38,"endTime":1735.65,"body":"middle to help protect you from itself."},{"startTime":1736.1,"endTime":1737.84,"body":"And even though this is"},{"startTime":1736.1,"endTime":1737.84,"body":"science fiction, this is."},{"startTime":1738.32,"endTime":1742.01,"body":"I guess one of the things that I've"},{"startTime":1738.32,"endTime":1742.01,"body":"seen people say that they try to justify"},{"startTime":1742.01,"endTime":1745.37,"body":"Star Trek ships making sense is they're"},{"startTime":1742.01,"endTime":1745.37,"body":"like, oh, they, they have an engineering"},{"startTime":1745.37,"endTime":1748.7,"body":"hole and then a crew compartment,"},{"startTime":1745.37,"endTime":1748.7,"body":"and that way the, the dangers of the"},{"startTime":1748.7,"endTime":1751.73,"body":"engineering hole and the radiation from"},{"startTime":1748.7,"endTime":1751.73,"body":"the engineering hole are moved away from"},{"startTime":1751.73,"endTime":1753.05,"body":"the crew compartment, which is like."},{"startTime":1753.635,"endTime":1754.115,"body":"I see it."},{"startTime":1754.115,"endTime":1754.325,"body":"That's"},{"startTime":1754.325,"endTime":1754.715,"body":"a cool"},{"startTime":1754.715,"endTime":1754.955,"body":"thing."},{"startTime":1754.955,"endTime":1756.305,"body":"I don't think that's what"},{"startTime":1754.955,"endTime":1756.305,"body":"they were thinking of"},{"startTime":1756.305,"endTime":1756.935,"body":"when they designed the"},{"startTime":1756.935,"endTime":1757.535,"body":"enterprise."},{"startTime":1757.895,"endTime":1760.145,"body":"Uh, and I don't think the"},{"startTime":1757.895,"endTime":1760.145,"body":"enterprise design as a whole,"},{"startTime":1760.235,"endTime":1761.435,"body":"you know, actually makes sense."},{"startTime":1761.435,"endTime":1762.575,"body":"But it's, I'm a huge trek."},{"startTime":1762.695,"endTime":1763.235,"body":"I grew up on it."},{"startTime":1763.235,"endTime":1763.655,"body":"It's cool."},{"startTime":1763.895,"endTime":1767.885,"body":"I do like that you can kind of justify the"},{"startTime":1763.895,"endTime":1767.885,"body":"design by arguing that they're separating"},{"startTime":1767.885,"endTime":1769.505,"body":"the engineering from the, the crew space,"},{"startTime":1769.595,"endTime":1769.955,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":1770.375,"endTime":1771.095,"body":"Yeah, of course."},{"startTime":1771.132,"endTime":1774.298,"body":"when you're talking about ship"},{"startTime":1771.132,"endTime":1774.298,"body":"design, just in general, I think that"},{"startTime":1774.298,"endTime":1776.518,"body":"length is, is really, really key."},{"startTime":1776.968,"endTime":1779.743,"body":"Like you were talking about before, being"},{"startTime":1776.968,"endTime":1779.743,"body":"able to separate, first of all, those."},{"startTime":1780.613,"endTime":1784.96,"body":"That dangerous nuclear reactor or the"},{"startTime":1780.613,"endTime":1784.96,"body":"fusion reactor from, where everybody's"},{"startTime":1784.96,"endTime":1789.19,"body":"living and where the ship is operating"},{"startTime":1784.96,"endTime":1789.19,"body":"from, and then just being able to add as"},{"startTime":1789.19,"endTime":1791.47,"body":"many radiators as possible to expel heat."},{"startTime":1791.53,"endTime":1793.42,"body":"And then if we can, like you said before."},{"startTime":1793.81,"endTime":1796.66,"body":"Create compartments, just like"},{"startTime":1793.81,"endTime":1796.66,"body":"specific compartments that"},{"startTime":1796.66,"endTime":1797.8,"body":"protect against radiation."},{"startTime":1797.8,"endTime":1802.33,"body":"There's not much harm in creating a ship"},{"startTime":1797.8,"endTime":1802.33,"body":"that is longer and has more surface area."},{"startTime":1802.45,"endTime":1805.51,"body":"Yeah, well, and especially when you're"},{"startTime":1802.45,"endTime":1805.51,"body":"talking about potential interstellar"},{"startTime":1805.63,"endTime":1809.17,"body":"ships, length makes more sense because"},{"startTime":1805.63,"endTime":1809.17,"body":"when you think about it, if you're"},{"startTime":1809.17,"endTime":1810.265,"body":"moving through the interstellar medial."},{"startTime":1811.27,"endTime":1814.93,"body":"For one, if you get up to a certain speed,"},{"startTime":1811.27,"endTime":1814.93,"body":"which is hard to imagine that we would"},{"startTime":1814.93,"endTime":1818.08,"body":"actually be able to go this fast, but"},{"startTime":1814.93,"endTime":1818.08,"body":"when you're getting up to significant"},{"startTime":1818.08,"endTime":1822.88,"body":"fractions of speed of light, like 99.9"},{"startTime":1818.08,"endTime":1822.88,"body":"9, 9 9 and repeating, uh, then you do"},{"startTime":1822.88,"endTime":1826.826,"body":"kind of have to worry about drag again"},{"startTime":1822.88,"endTime":1826.826,"body":"because you're just moving through, so"},{"startTime":1826.826,"endTime":1830.771,"body":"much material that they're the random"},{"startTime":1826.826,"endTime":1830.771,"body":"hydrogen atoms that exist, There might"},{"startTime":1830.771,"endTime":1834.438,"body":"only be a couple per cubic mile of space,"},{"startTime":1830.771,"endTime":1834.438,"body":"but when you're ramming through, millions"},{"startTime":1834.438,"endTime":1838.638,"body":"of those cubic miles per minute or per"},{"startTime":1834.438,"endTime":1838.638,"body":"hour, right, then they start to add up."},{"startTime":1838.788,"endTime":1842.178,"body":"so a long narrow ship makes sense"},{"startTime":1838.788,"endTime":1842.178,"body":"from a drag perspective, but"},{"startTime":1842.178,"endTime":1845.208,"body":"also from a radiation perspective"},{"startTime":1842.178,"endTime":1845.208,"body":"because when you're moving through."},{"startTime":1845.688,"endTime":1848.418,"body":"Interstellar space, you are"},{"startTime":1845.688,"endTime":1848.418,"body":"expecting all of the debris."},{"startTime":1848.538,"endTime":1848.718,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1848.958,"endTime":1851.508,"body":"And all the, a lot of the radiation"},{"startTime":1848.958,"endTime":1851.508,"body":"to be coming from one direction."},{"startTime":1851.778,"endTime":1854.028,"body":"So it actually makes"},{"startTime":1851.778,"endTime":1854.028,"body":"sense to have a very long"},{"startTime":1854.028,"endTime":1854.178,"body":"and"},{"startTime":1854.178,"endTime":1854.748,"body":"narrow ship."},{"startTime":1854.748,"endTime":1858.038,"body":"So you can just have a bunch of,"},{"startTime":1854.748,"endTime":1858.038,"body":"protection from impacts and protection"},{"startTime":1858.038,"endTime":1860.393,"body":"from radiation at the front of the"},{"startTime":1858.038,"endTime":1860.393,"body":"ship, protecting what's behind."},{"startTime":1861.168,"endTime":1865.188,"body":"So for Interstellar, especially a"},{"startTime":1861.168,"endTime":1865.188,"body":"skinny long design makes a lot of sense."},{"startTime":1865.338,"endTime":1868.398,"body":"Yeah, I mean, I just think that"},{"startTime":1865.338,"endTime":1868.398,"body":"it makes sense in general, even"},{"startTime":1868.398,"endTime":1871.241,"body":"talking about our smaller ships,"},{"startTime":1868.398,"endTime":1871.241,"body":"like, like the transport pods that"},{"startTime":1871.241,"endTime":1872.921,"body":"you're talking about before, if we"},{"startTime":1872.921,"endTime":1873.281,"body":"can get"},{"startTime":1873.281,"endTime":1876.221,"body":"them to consistently run, like"},{"startTime":1873.281,"endTime":1876.221,"body":"you were saying in the expanse,"},{"startTime":1876.221,"endTime":1878.261,"body":"they're able to run at a one G burn."},{"startTime":1878.442,"endTime":1882.048,"body":"going from point to point, if"},{"startTime":1878.442,"endTime":1882.048,"body":"you build the ships lengthwise,"},{"startTime":1882.108,"endTime":1883.368,"body":"you can stack them just like"},{"startTime":1883.368,"endTime":1883.638,"body":"how they"},{"startTime":1883.638,"endTime":1885.498,"body":"are in the expanse to have levels."},{"startTime":1885.863,"endTime":1887.663,"body":"That people can"},{"startTime":1885.863,"endTime":1887.663,"body":"comfortably move around and"},{"startTime":1887.663,"endTime":1888.293,"body":"walk on because"},{"startTime":1888.293,"endTime":1888.563,"body":"they'll be"},{"startTime":1888.563,"endTime":1889.193,"body":"experiencing"},{"startTime":1889.193,"endTime":1892.133,"body":"one g of gravity the entire time,"},{"startTime":1889.193,"endTime":1892.133,"body":"and then they can just sit down in"},{"startTime":1892.133,"endTime":1894.713,"body":"seats when they're decelerating."},{"startTime":1895.103,"endTime":1895.583,"body":"That is true,"},{"startTime":1895.583,"endTime":1896.573,"body":"and that is something that,"},{"startTime":1896.633,"endTime":1898.313,"body":"uh, classic sci-fi of course."},{"startTime":1898.373,"endTime":1900.893,"body":"Well, it depends what you mean by"},{"startTime":1898.373,"endTime":1900.893,"body":"classic sci-fi, but a lot of science"},{"startTime":1900.893,"endTime":1902.513,"body":"fiction TV shows get wrong, right?"},{"startTime":1902.856,"endTime":1905.766,"body":"the ships and things like Star Trek"},{"startTime":1902.856,"endTime":1905.766,"body":"and the ships and things like Star Wars"},{"startTime":1905.766,"endTime":1907.626,"body":"are built like modern ships, right?"},{"startTime":1907.626,"endTime":1908.249,"body":"Like battleships."},{"startTime":1908.375,"endTime":1910.235,"body":"The levels are done lengthwise."},{"startTime":1910.295,"endTime":1910.415,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1910.685,"endTime":1913.415,"body":"But realistically, something like"},{"startTime":1910.685,"endTime":1913.415,"body":"the expanse makes a lot more sense."},{"startTime":1913.415,"endTime":1916.445,"body":"Where they're built like giant"},{"startTime":1913.415,"endTime":1916.445,"body":"skyscrapers essentially in space where"},{"startTime":1916.445,"endTime":1919.235,"body":"you strap an engine on the back and"},{"startTime":1916.445,"endTime":1919.235,"body":"then when it's doing its acceleration,"},{"startTime":1919.565,"endTime":1922.745,"body":"then you get one G all the way there."},{"startTime":1922.835,"endTime":1925.325,"body":"And if you live in some"},{"startTime":1922.835,"endTime":1925.325,"body":"future where you can do"},{"startTime":1925.595,"endTime":1925.715,"body":"a"},{"startTime":1925.715,"endTime":1928.955,"body":"one G acceleration and then do"},{"startTime":1925.715,"endTime":1928.955,"body":"a flip of the halfway point and"},{"startTime":1928.955,"endTime":1929.105,"body":"then a"},{"startTime":1929.105,"endTime":1933.335,"body":"one G deceleration, you effectively"},{"startTime":1929.105,"endTime":1933.335,"body":"have gravity for the entire trip."},{"startTime":1933.725,"endTime":1933.965,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1934.445,"endTime":1935.645,"body":"Now that's a lot of energy."},{"startTime":1935.675,"endTime":1937.415,"body":"Uh, but maybe one day."},{"startTime":1937.91,"endTime":1939.055,"body":"Yeah, you know, it, it,"},{"startTime":1939.06,"endTime":1939.53,"body":"definitely,"},{"startTime":1939.59,"endTime":1941.24,"body":"definitely comes with its downsides."},{"startTime":1941.375,"endTime":1941.615,"body":"but"},{"startTime":1941.615,"endTime":1942.335,"body":"it, it definitely"},{"startTime":1942.335,"endTime":1947.465,"body":"ties into that just length seems to"},{"startTime":1942.335,"endTime":1947.465,"body":"be, uh, a more reasonable design for"},{"startTime":1947.465,"endTime":1950.795,"body":"ships in, in the future just because"},{"startTime":1947.465,"endTime":1950.795,"body":"it adds so many different benefits."},{"startTime":1950.795,"endTime":1954.965,"body":"Like, like, you know, the shielding,"},{"startTime":1950.795,"endTime":1954.965,"body":"the being able to separate different"},{"startTime":1954.965,"endTime":1957.065,"body":"components that could be harmful and"},{"startTime":1957.065,"endTime":1957.785,"body":"then reducing"},{"startTime":1957.785,"endTime":1959.105,"body":"heat in the ship as well."},{"startTime":1959.225,"endTime":1962.795,"body":"Yeah, it just really depends on the,"},{"startTime":1959.225,"endTime":1962.795,"body":"the, the intended design for it."},{"startTime":1962.885,"endTime":1963.155,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1963.67,"endTime":1967.3,"body":"And, and then going onto that too with"},{"startTime":1963.67,"endTime":1967.3,"body":"like, um, interstellar ships especially."},{"startTime":1967.39,"endTime":1967.54,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1967.78,"endTime":1971.26,"body":"Uh, where we're talking about maybe"},{"startTime":1967.78,"endTime":1971.26,"body":"these potential long, skinny designs."},{"startTime":1971.26,"endTime":1973.63,"body":"Something else you have to worry"},{"startTime":1971.26,"endTime":1973.63,"body":"about, and I see this all the time"},{"startTime":1973.63,"endTime":1976.57,"body":"when I talk about interstellar"},{"startTime":1973.63,"endTime":1976.57,"body":"colonization or any type of ship that"},{"startTime":1976.57,"endTime":1977.86,"body":"needs to move between solar systems."},{"startTime":1977.86,"endTime":1978.37,"body":"It's like, okay,"},{"startTime":1978.37,"endTime":1978.58,"body":"that's"},{"startTime":1978.58,"endTime":1982.12,"body":"great, but what do you do when a grain"},{"startTime":1978.58,"endTime":1982.12,"body":"of sand has the same kinetic energies"},{"startTime":1982.12,"endTime":1984.49,"body":"and nuclear warhead coming at your ship?"},{"startTime":1984.49,"endTime":1985.81,"body":"And that's, that's completely fair."},{"startTime":1986.26,"endTime":1988.15,"body":"One of the things I expect is in addition"},{"startTime":1988.15,"endTime":1988.42,"body":"to this"},{"startTime":1988.42,"endTime":1989.59,"body":"long skin new design, right."},{"startTime":1989.98,"endTime":1992.92,"body":"Uh, I think we're gonna take advantage of"},{"startTime":1989.98,"endTime":1992.92,"body":"wiffle shields, which are having multiple"},{"startTime":1992.92,"endTime":1997.0,"body":"thin layers of shielding that aren't"},{"startTime":1992.92,"endTime":1997.0,"body":"designed to absorb or stop the impact,"},{"startTime":1997.0,"endTime":1999.28,"body":"but instead fragment whatever hits you."},{"startTime":1999.64,"endTime":2002.37,"body":"And the idea is the first shield,"},{"startTime":1999.64,"endTime":2002.37,"body":"uh, basically gets obliterated."},{"startTime":2002.37,"endTime":2007.05,"body":"You know, it gets hit and the whatever"},{"startTime":2002.37,"endTime":2007.05,"body":"the particles that hit you then fragments."},{"startTime":2007.05,"endTime":2010.02,"body":"And then you have multiple layers"},{"startTime":2007.05,"endTime":2010.02,"body":"of the shielding with each layer,"},{"startTime":2010.05,"endTime":2011.67,"body":"fragmenting it more and slowing it down."},{"startTime":2012.03,"endTime":2014.85,"body":"So for, I think you would"},{"startTime":2012.03,"endTime":2014.85,"body":"see this in any type of ship."},{"startTime":2014.91,"endTime":2017.91,"body":"in fact, the ISS already uses"},{"startTime":2014.91,"endTime":2017.91,"body":"this to manage micro meteorites."},{"startTime":2018.208,"endTime":2020.968,"body":"But with interstellar colonization"},{"startTime":2018.208,"endTime":2020.968,"body":"efforts, we really might"},{"startTime":2020.968,"endTime":2022.348,"body":"see this, where you have"},{"startTime":2022.738,"endTime":2026.128,"body":"really thin, like solar sails,"},{"startTime":2022.738,"endTime":2026.128,"body":"almost like really thin material"},{"startTime":2026.128,"endTime":2027.568,"body":"pushed out in front of the ship."},{"startTime":2027.658,"endTime":2028.468,"body":"And you can do multiple"},{"startTime":2028.468,"endTime":2029.188,"body":"layers of those."},{"startTime":2029.518,"endTime":2031.198,"body":"And when a particle"},{"startTime":2031.198,"endTime":2032.188,"body":"hits, you know, it hits"},{"startTime":2032.188,"endTime":2033.088,"body":"those instead of your ship."},{"startTime":2033.538,"endTime":2033.778,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2033.937,"endTime":2035.257,"body":"In addition to that in front of your ship,"},{"startTime":2035.257,"endTime":2035.797,"body":"you might also"},{"startTime":2035.797,"endTime":2037.027,"body":"keep your water storage there."},{"startTime":2037.297,"endTime":2040.19,"body":"It's just a, a last ditch, layer"},{"startTime":2037.297,"endTime":2040.19,"body":"where if the particle makes"},{"startTime":2040.19,"endTime":2041.03,"body":"it all the wiffle shielding,"},{"startTime":2041.27,"endTime":2041.9,"body":"you have massive"},{"startTime":2041.9,"endTime":2043.19,"body":"water tanks there to absorb it."},{"startTime":2043.25,"endTime":2046.757,"body":"And especially because with really"},{"startTime":2043.25,"endTime":2046.757,"body":"small micro punctures that could"},{"startTime":2046.757,"endTime":2047.477,"body":"potentially be"},{"startTime":2047.717,"endTime":2050.67,"body":"a self sealing system, whereas the"},{"startTime":2047.717,"endTime":2050.67,"body":"water leaks, it freezes, and you might"},{"startTime":2050.85,"endTime":2051.45,"body":"weirdly enough,"},{"startTime":2051.45,"endTime":2053.37,"body":"even put your fuel tanks"},{"startTime":2051.45,"endTime":2053.37,"body":"up front too to act as"},{"startTime":2053.37,"endTime":2053.82,"body":"again,"},{"startTime":2054.12,"endTime":2058.143,"body":"another layer of, Absorption of"},{"startTime":2054.12,"endTime":2058.143,"body":"micro meteorite impacts, which"},{"startTime":2058.143,"endTime":2060.723,"body":"might sound weird, like why"},{"startTime":2058.143,"endTime":2060.723,"body":"would you wanna lose your fuel?"},{"startTime":2060.843,"endTime":2064.713,"body":"But, uh, if that's another layer"},{"startTime":2060.843,"endTime":2064.713,"body":"of shielding, it might be the case"},{"startTime":2064.713,"endTime":2068.403,"body":"that even the, the small punctures"},{"startTime":2064.713,"endTime":2068.403,"body":"and leaks and the fuel loss you have"},{"startTime":2068.403,"endTime":2071.793,"body":"from that could be less than the fuel"},{"startTime":2068.403,"endTime":2071.793,"body":"loss of carrying extra shielding."},{"startTime":2072.103,"endTime":2076.063,"body":"It's, uh, it's definitely a, a great"},{"startTime":2072.103,"endTime":2076.063,"body":"idea, first of all, talking about that."},{"startTime":2076.063,"endTime":2079.273,"body":"It's, uh, the design of"},{"startTime":2076.063,"endTime":2079.273,"body":"breaking up a projectile and"},{"startTime":2079.513,"endTime":2082.063,"body":"scattering it across multiple"},{"startTime":2079.513,"endTime":2082.063,"body":"platforms is something that we"},{"startTime":2082.063,"endTime":2083.893,"body":"see in all modern armor nowadays."},{"startTime":2083.893,"endTime":2083.983,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2083.983,"endTime":2084.898,"body":"That's not a new concept."},{"startTime":2085.008,"endTime":2085.298,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2085.303,"endTime":2089.203,"body":"Ceramics are in the first part, and"},{"startTime":2085.303,"endTime":2089.203,"body":"then heavy metals to catch it later,"},{"startTime":2089.203,"endTime":2091.183,"body":"after or after you break it up."},{"startTime":2091.248,"endTime":2093.162,"body":"and then having self clotting."},{"startTime":2093.742,"endTime":2096.818,"body":"Water, tanks is, is an exceptional idea."},{"startTime":2096.848,"endTime":2098.348,"body":"That way it stops its own flow."},{"startTime":2098.648,"endTime":2102.458,"body":"And then when we are living in a"},{"startTime":2098.648,"endTime":2102.458,"body":"civilization where, you know, help is"},{"startTime":2102.458,"endTime":2106.385,"body":"only a few days away, maybe when we're"},{"startTime":2102.458,"endTime":2106.385,"body":"talking about these crazy interstellar"},{"startTime":2106.385,"endTime":2110.015,"body":"ships, it might be more of a cause"},{"startTime":2106.385,"endTime":2110.015,"body":"for concern that you're draining fuel."},{"startTime":2110.555,"endTime":2114.095,"body":"But, uh, I, I would definitely see that"},{"startTime":2110.555,"endTime":2114.095,"body":"in ships that remain, you know, at least"},{"startTime":2114.095,"endTime":2118.355,"body":"within a couple of weeks of civilization,"},{"startTime":2114.095,"endTime":2118.355,"body":"because you can hold out, you may not be"},{"startTime":2118.355,"endTime":2118.535,"body":"able"},{"startTime":2118.535,"endTime":2121.325,"body":"to have fuel, but you'll,"},{"startTime":2118.535,"endTime":2121.325,"body":"you know, survive an impact."},{"startTime":2121.637,"endTime":2121.877,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2121.907,"endTime":2122.597,"body":"Very cool."},{"startTime":2122.747,"endTime":2123.617,"body":"Yeah, no, definitely."},{"startTime":2123.617,"endTime":2124.007,"body":"For sure."},{"startTime":2124.187,"endTime":2127.417,"body":"The issue with ships in the solar system,"},{"startTime":2124.187,"endTime":2127.417,"body":"of course you have less predictability"},{"startTime":2127.717,"endTime":2129.457,"body":"at the angle of which you are."},{"startTime":2129.457,"endTime":2132.337,"body":"You might have an impact where with"},{"startTime":2129.457,"endTime":2132.337,"body":"an interstellar ship, you almost"},{"startTime":2132.337,"endTime":2134.647,"body":"always expect that to be from"},{"startTime":2132.337,"endTime":2134.647,"body":"the direction of travel, right?"},{"startTime":2134.707,"endTime":2134.917,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2134.977,"endTime":2135.477,"body":"But when you're"},{"startTime":2135.477,"endTime":2137.307,"body":"in the solar system, those"},{"startTime":2135.477,"endTime":2137.307,"body":"can hit you from the side."},{"startTime":2137.337,"endTime":2139.437,"body":"So that's a slightly"},{"startTime":2137.337,"endTime":2139.437,"body":"different considerations."},{"startTime":2139.467,"endTime":2139.767,"body":"I see."},{"startTime":2139.797,"endTime":2141.687,"body":"But you'll still have that"},{"startTime":2139.797,"endTime":2141.687,"body":"multilayered biffle shielding"},{"startTime":2141.687,"endTime":2142.557,"body":"like you were talking about."},{"startTime":2142.617,"endTime":2142.917,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2143.116,"endTime":2144.736,"body":"That is super interesting to think about."},{"startTime":2144.766,"endTime":2145.366,"body":"Like the,"},{"startTime":2145.366,"endTime":2146.236,"body":"the ships would still"},{"startTime":2146.273,"endTime":2146.873,"body":"be long."},{"startTime":2146.903,"endTime":2150.473,"body":"Would we try to design them to be"},{"startTime":2146.903,"endTime":2150.473,"body":"even thinner to reduce those impacts?"},{"startTime":2150.473,"endTime":2152.213,"body":"Because how many of"},{"startTime":2150.473,"endTime":2152.213,"body":"those could be handled?"},{"startTime":2152.264,"endTime":2152.443,"body":"depends."},{"startTime":2152.443,"endTime":2153.133,"body":"Over time,"},{"startTime":2153.163,"endTime":2154.993,"body":"it really depends on"},{"startTime":2153.163,"endTime":2154.993,"body":"what your use case is."},{"startTime":2154.993,"endTime":2158.113,"body":"Again, for interstellar calling"},{"startTime":2154.993,"endTime":2158.113,"body":"ships, I do think, you know, longer,"},{"startTime":2158.113,"endTime":2159.223,"body":"thinner makes the most sense."},{"startTime":2159.223,"endTime":2161.773,"body":"But for in, in system ships, less sense."},{"startTime":2161.923,"endTime":2162.193,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2162.523,"endTime":2162.853,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":2163.366,"endTime":2165.826,"body":"Especially because you"},{"startTime":2163.366,"endTime":2165.826,"body":"know, as you grow the"},{"startTime":2165.826,"endTime":2166.186,"body":"size of"},{"startTime":2166.186,"endTime":2168.873,"body":"a ship, You take advantage of the"},{"startTime":2166.186,"endTime":2168.873,"body":"the square cube law, which is that"},{"startTime":2169.193,"endTime":2173.513,"body":"if you scale something up, right,"},{"startTime":2169.193,"endTime":2173.513,"body":"the volume grows with the cube of"},{"startTime":2173.513,"endTime":2173.993,"body":"the size."},{"startTime":2174.263,"endTime":2176.453,"body":"However, the surface area"},{"startTime":2174.263,"endTime":2176.453,"body":"only grows with a square."},{"startTime":2176.693,"endTime":2181.343,"body":"So as you get larger and larger and"},{"startTime":2176.693,"endTime":2181.343,"body":"larger, you need less radiation shielding."},{"startTime":2181.838,"endTime":2185.318,"body":"For a proportional amount of volume to"},{"startTime":2181.838,"endTime":2185.318,"body":"protect it or armor or whatever that is."},{"startTime":2185.468,"endTime":2188.678,"body":"So big ships have a huge advantage"},{"startTime":2185.468,"endTime":2188.678,"body":"of that in the sense that they,"},{"startTime":2188.918,"endTime":2192.908,"body":"percentage-wise need less armor and less"},{"startTime":2188.918,"endTime":2192.908,"body":"radiation shielding than a smaller ship."},{"startTime":2192.998,"endTime":2193.701,"body":"Like a smaller ship"},{"startTime":2193.721,"endTime":2198.971,"body":"Wouldn't be surprising to see 25 to 50%"},{"startTime":2193.721,"endTime":2198.971,"body":"of its mass just be armor and shielding,"},{"startTime":2198.971,"endTime":2204.161,"body":"where a much larger ship might only have"},{"startTime":2198.971,"endTime":2204.161,"body":"5%, 1% be radiation, shielding and armor"},{"startTime":2204.161,"endTime":2205.991,"body":"really just depends, especially because."},{"startTime":2206.426,"endTime":2206.816,"body":"It's not like"},{"startTime":2206.816,"endTime":2207.236,"body":"you need"},{"startTime":2207.236,"endTime":2208.886,"body":"more radiation shielding"},{"startTime":2207.236,"endTime":2208.886,"body":"as you get larger."},{"startTime":2208.886,"endTime":2209.246,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":2209.606,"endTime":2212.156,"body":"That's a fixed amount"},{"startTime":2209.606,"endTime":2212.156,"body":"of protection you need."},{"startTime":2212.156,"endTime":2214.466,"body":"So if you need three meters"},{"startTime":2212.156,"endTime":2214.466,"body":"of radiation shielding, which"},{"startTime":2214.466,"endTime":2216.146,"body":"would be a lot, I probably don't"},{"startTime":2216.146,"endTime":2216.446,"body":"need that"},{"startTime":2216.446,"endTime":2219.626,"body":"much, but if you did need three meters"},{"startTime":2216.446,"endTime":2219.626,"body":"of radiation shielding, you need"},{"startTime":2219.626,"endTime":2222.296,"body":"three meters of radiation shielding,"},{"startTime":2219.626,"endTime":2222.296,"body":"regardless of what's behind it."},{"startTime":2222.536,"endTime":2222.686,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":2222.686,"endTime":2225.536,"body":"So having more volume behind"},{"startTime":2222.686,"endTime":2225.536,"body":"that radiation shielding doesn't"},{"startTime":2225.536,"endTime":2227.096,"body":"mean you now need six meters."},{"startTime":2227.096,"endTime":2227.366,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":2227.726,"endTime":2227.936,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2227.936,"endTime":2228.686,"body":"So that's another"},{"startTime":2228.686,"endTime":2229.916,"body":"thing to take into consideration"},{"startTime":2230.456,"endTime":2231.836,"body":"and an advantage larger ships have."},{"startTime":2232.062,"endTime":2232.602,"body":"That's definitely"},{"startTime":2232.602,"endTime":2236.892,"body":"true, especially if you're building them,"},{"startTime":2232.602,"endTime":2236.892,"body":"you know, to just all fall behind that"},{"startTime":2236.892,"endTime":2238.872,"body":"one safety point at the front of the ship."},{"startTime":2239.382,"endTime":2241.062,"body":"Yeah, well that would, that would"},{"startTime":2239.382,"endTime":2241.062,"body":"work for interstellar ships."},{"startTime":2241.062,"endTime":2243.492,"body":"That would not work for in,"},{"startTime":2241.062,"endTime":2243.492,"body":"of course, solar system ships."},{"startTime":2243.612,"endTime":2244.032,"body":"Of course."},{"startTime":2244.807,"endTime":2247.087,"body":"Although, one thing we didn't"},{"startTime":2244.807,"endTime":2247.087,"body":"really mention that's also worth"},{"startTime":2247.087,"endTime":2247.627,"body":"pointing out"},{"startTime":2247.627,"endTime":2249.812,"body":"is that these have all been in"},{"startTime":2247.627,"endTime":2249.812,"body":"cases where you have people."},{"startTime":2250.807,"endTime":2253.747,"body":"If you're talking about cargo, you, you"},{"startTime":2250.807,"endTime":2253.747,"body":"might not really care about radiation"},{"startTime":2253.747,"endTime":2257.767,"body":"shielding all that much, especially"},{"startTime":2253.747,"endTime":2257.767,"body":"because if most of your ship is dedicated"},{"startTime":2257.767,"endTime":2261.607,"body":"to carrying inert material, especially"},{"startTime":2257.767,"endTime":2261.607,"body":"like asteroids and minerals and stuff"},{"startTime":2261.607,"endTime":2264.367,"body":"like that, especially if you're doing"},{"startTime":2261.607,"endTime":2264.367,"body":"asteroid mining and, and these are"},{"startTime":2264.367,"endTime":2268.237,"body":"materials that have already been exposed"},{"startTime":2264.367,"endTime":2268.237,"body":"to space, then by proportion, a lot of"},{"startTime":2268.237,"endTime":2272.767,"body":"your ship might be unshielded cargo bays"},{"startTime":2268.237,"endTime":2272.767,"body":"with just a small amount being a radiation"},{"startTime":2272.767,"endTime":2273.727,"body":"shielded protection."},{"startTime":2273.727,"endTime":2274.177,"body":"Point four."},{"startTime":2274.837,"endTime":2277.537,"body":"The, uh, the actual organic"},{"startTime":2274.837,"endTime":2277.537,"body":"component, the people, right,"},{"startTime":2277.747,"endTime":2278.017,"body":"right."},{"startTime":2278.137,"endTime":2281.527,"body":"And that's if you even really move"},{"startTime":2278.137,"endTime":2281.527,"body":"these asteroids around inside of your"},{"startTime":2281.527,"endTime":2285.547,"body":"ship, I think a much more realistic"},{"startTime":2281.527,"endTime":2285.547,"body":"situation is that you have a, a"},{"startTime":2285.547,"endTime":2287.047,"body":"small asteroid mining ship that."},{"startTime":2287.323,"endTime":2290.38,"body":"finds this asteroid and either just"},{"startTime":2287.323,"endTime":2290.38,"body":"straps and thrusters on it with maybe"},{"startTime":2290.38,"endTime":2291.79,"body":"a beacon saying, Hey, this is mine."},{"startTime":2291.79,"endTime":2292.18,"body":"If you touch"},{"startTime":2292.18,"endTime":2292.33,"body":"it,"},{"startTime":2292.33,"endTime":2293.53,"body":"we'll uh, sue you."},{"startTime":2293.925,"endTime":2297.52,"body":"And then you, and then you just program"},{"startTime":2293.925,"endTime":2297.52,"body":"a course right where it just pushes it"},{"startTime":2297.52,"endTime":2298.99,"body":"back to whatever the collection point is."},{"startTime":2298.99,"endTime":2301.96,"body":"Maybe you have a refining station"},{"startTime":2298.99,"endTime":2301.96,"body":"behind it, uh, and you know, you"},{"startTime":2301.96,"endTime":2303.04,"body":"just move on to the next one."},{"startTime":2303.43,"endTime":2305.925,"body":"Or alternatively, maybe you"},{"startTime":2303.43,"endTime":2305.925,"body":"have a ship that actually comes."},{"startTime":2306.649,"endTime":2310.879,"body":"and mines the asteroid at location,"},{"startTime":2306.649,"endTime":2310.879,"body":"refines it at location, uh, and then"},{"startTime":2310.939,"endTime":2314.809,"body":"ships pods, same situation, uh, where"},{"startTime":2310.939,"endTime":2314.809,"body":"you just put, you know, build these pods."},{"startTime":2314.809,"endTime":2317.509,"body":"They don't need to be anything"},{"startTime":2314.809,"endTime":2317.509,"body":"more than basically fabric, right?"},{"startTime":2317.509,"endTime":2320.479,"body":"Just something to keep all the material"},{"startTime":2317.509,"endTime":2320.479,"body":"together with some thrusters and then"},{"startTime":2320.479,"endTime":2321.889,"body":"sends them back toward maybe Earth."},{"startTime":2322.259,"endTime":2325.876,"body":"I don't think you would really take your"},{"startTime":2322.259,"endTime":2325.876,"body":"ship, go out there, collect the asteroid,"},{"startTime":2325.876,"endTime":2327.136,"body":"and then carry the whole asteroid back."},{"startTime":2327.136,"endTime":2329.656,"body":"That just seems like a, a not"},{"startTime":2327.136,"endTime":2329.656,"body":"efficient use of your ship, right?"},{"startTime":2329.681,"endTime":2329.971,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2330.811,"endTime":2331.081,"body":"I mean,"},{"startTime":2331.351,"endTime":2334.951,"body":"unless like you were trying to"},{"startTime":2331.351,"endTime":2334.951,"body":"just purposefully move the asteroid"},{"startTime":2334.951,"endTime":2335.851,"body":"to be closer,"},{"startTime":2335.911,"endTime":2337.921,"body":"but you definitely wouldn't just try to"},{"startTime":2337.921,"endTime":2338.401,"body":"mind the"},{"startTime":2338.401,"endTime":2338.701,"body":"whole thing."},{"startTime":2339.691,"endTime":2340.816,"body":"Bring it back with your ship."},{"startTime":2341.086,"endTime":2342.421,"body":"That depends too, on the asteroids."},{"startTime":2342.421,"endTime":2343.621,"body":"'cause some asteroids are just like a"},{"startTime":2343.621,"endTime":2344.491,"body":"collection of loose"},{"startTime":2344.491,"endTime":2345.901,"body":"gravel held together by gravity."},{"startTime":2346.261,"endTime":2348.631,"body":"Uh, you still can strap a"},{"startTime":2346.261,"endTime":2348.631,"body":"thruster on those, but what you"},{"startTime":2348.631,"endTime":2349.501,"body":"would probably do"},{"startTime":2349.501,"endTime":2351.091,"body":"is secure them in some way."},{"startTime":2351.091,"endTime":2355.291,"body":"Maybe wrap them in some type of fabric or,"},{"startTime":2351.091,"endTime":2355.291,"body":"or material, or even literally just like"},{"startTime":2355.291,"endTime":2357.331,"body":"glue them together, uh, to, to hold them"},{"startTime":2357.331,"endTime":2358.261,"body":"together and then"},{"startTime":2358.261,"endTime":2361.231,"body":"strap a thruster around those and then"},{"startTime":2358.261,"endTime":2361.231,"body":"send them to wherever you need 'em to be."},{"startTime":2361.471,"endTime":2363.271,"body":"Maybe it's the inner solar"},{"startTime":2361.471,"endTime":2363.271,"body":"system back toward earth."},{"startTime":2363.271,"endTime":2364.501,"body":"Maybe it's the outer solar system."},{"startTime":2364.809,"endTime":2364.899,"body":"I"},{"startTime":2364.899,"endTime":2368.469,"body":"mean, that would've to be a pretty big,"},{"startTime":2364.899,"endTime":2368.469,"body":"uh, asteroid to have its own gravity"},{"startTime":2368.469,"endTime":2369.819,"body":"to hold all the gravel together."},{"startTime":2369.849,"endTime":2370.449,"body":"No, no, no."},{"startTime":2370.509,"endTime":2371.289,"body":"These can be really small."},{"startTime":2371.289,"endTime":2372.249,"body":"Everything has gravity."},{"startTime":2372.249,"endTime":2375.819,"body":"So when you're in space and you're"},{"startTime":2372.249,"endTime":2375.819,"body":"not really being influenced by"},{"startTime":2375.819,"endTime":2378.759,"body":"other bodies, uh, you can have"},{"startTime":2375.819,"endTime":2378.759,"body":"some asteroids that are literally"},{"startTime":2378.759,"endTime":2380.049,"body":"just a small collection of gravel."},{"startTime":2380.409,"endTime":2382.179,"body":"It's, you know, things always aggregate,"},{"startTime":2382.359,"endTime":2382.629,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":2382.629,"endTime":2384.519,"body":"It's the same thing with"},{"startTime":2382.629,"endTime":2384.519,"body":"like particles in a solution."},{"startTime":2384.519,"endTime":2385.839,"body":"They're always gonna aggregate together."},{"startTime":2386.049,"endTime":2387.399,"body":"That happens in space too."},{"startTime":2387.429,"endTime":2388.179,"body":"You know, if you have."},{"startTime":2388.554,"endTime":2390.564,"body":"A gravel field, it just"},{"startTime":2388.554,"endTime":2390.564,"body":"naturally is gonna come together."},{"startTime":2390.744,"endTime":2391.284,"body":"I see."},{"startTime":2391.404,"endTime":2391.764,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2391.974,"endTime":2395.184,"body":"And, and then like you said,"},{"startTime":2391.974,"endTime":2395.184,"body":"you just cover them in fabric."},{"startTime":2395.394,"endTime":2398.274,"body":"Yeah, just some type of"},{"startTime":2395.394,"endTime":2398.274,"body":"tension to hold 'em together."},{"startTime":2398.274,"endTime":2400.074,"body":"You don't need to do"},{"startTime":2398.274,"endTime":2400.074,"body":"like a one G burn either."},{"startTime":2400.074,"endTime":2401.994,"body":"You can, you very well might have."},{"startTime":2401.994,"endTime":2404.394,"body":"Some of these things take years"},{"startTime":2401.994,"endTime":2404.394,"body":"to get back to their station."},{"startTime":2404.454,"endTime":2408.174,"body":"You know, if you're running an asteroid"},{"startTime":2404.454,"endTime":2408.174,"body":"mining operation like this, you might"},{"startTime":2408.234,"endTime":2412.434,"body":"be receiving payment for material"},{"startTime":2408.234,"endTime":2412.434,"body":"that's delivered decades down the road."},{"startTime":2412.679,"endTime":2415.439,"body":"It could almost be like"},{"startTime":2412.679,"endTime":2415.439,"body":"a, a whiskey manufacturer."},{"startTime":2415.439,"endTime":2416.699,"body":"A wine manufacturer, right?"},{"startTime":2416.699,"endTime":2419.369,"body":"Like you start manufacturing"},{"startTime":2416.699,"endTime":2419.369,"body":"stuff today without"},{"startTime":2419.369,"endTime":2420.069,"body":"receiving payment"},{"startTime":2420.069,"endTime":2423.322,"body":"But then once those age, in this"},{"startTime":2420.069,"endTime":2423.322,"body":"case, that'd be aged wine age"},{"startTime":2423.322,"endTime":2423.622,"body":"whiskey."},{"startTime":2423.622,"endTime":2425.632,"body":"In the, in, uh, in our"},{"startTime":2423.622,"endTime":2425.632,"body":"space instance, this"},{"startTime":2425.632,"endTime":2426.232,"body":"would be asteroids"},{"startTime":2426.232,"endTime":2427.462,"body":"arriving to their location."},{"startTime":2427.702,"endTime":2430.972,"body":"But once you do that, you've got a"},{"startTime":2427.702,"endTime":2430.972,"body":"steady stream of income constantly"},{"startTime":2430.972,"endTime":2432.172,"body":"coming into your pocket, regardless"},{"startTime":2432.172,"endTime":2432.832,"body":"of what happens today."},{"startTime":2433.244,"endTime":2435.194,"body":"That's very true dude,"},{"startTime":2433.244,"endTime":2435.194,"body":"that would be so cool."},{"startTime":2435.344,"endTime":2440.084,"body":"Like, like just think like, uh, wine"},{"startTime":2435.344,"endTime":2440.084,"body":"150 years aged entirely in space."},{"startTime":2442.214,"endTime":2443.384,"body":"I wonder what that would do to the wine."},{"startTime":2444.104,"endTime":2444.284,"body":"Oh God,"},{"startTime":2444.944,"endTime":2445.304,"body":"yeah."},{"startTime":2445.364,"endTime":2445.724,"body":"Hmm."},{"startTime":2445.874,"endTime":2447.044,"body":"Maybe not in oak caskets."},{"startTime":2447.074,"endTime":2447.914,"body":"'cause oak is porous."},{"startTime":2447.974,"endTime":2448.094,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":2448.094,"endTime":2451.514,"body":"Just you would just get an empty, uh,"},{"startTime":2448.094,"endTime":2451.514,"body":"an empty barrel by the end of that."},{"startTime":2451.949,"endTime":2453.869,"body":"Oh yeah, it would just all, all leak out."},{"startTime":2453.869,"endTime":2456.329,"body":"You would've to be like in"},{"startTime":2453.869,"endTime":2456.329,"body":"like in steel compartments."},{"startTime":2456.351,"endTime":2457.491,"body":"but no, that, that is awesome."},{"startTime":2457.491,"endTime":2461.127,"body":"It really becomes a lot simpler"},{"startTime":2457.491,"endTime":2461.127,"body":"when you don't have to, think of our"},{"startTime":2461.127,"endTime":2463.257,"body":"squishy, delicate bodies inside of the"},{"startTime":2463.257,"endTime":2463.647,"body":"ships."},{"startTime":2463.677,"endTime":2464.427,"body":"No, absolutely."},{"startTime":2464.427,"endTime":2466.107,"body":"That's true with drones"},{"startTime":2464.427,"endTime":2466.107,"body":"and the truth with cargo."},{"startTime":2466.183,"endTime":2469.393,"body":"Well, Lucas, I think I could talk"},{"startTime":2466.183,"endTime":2469.393,"body":"about Spaceship design for another few"},{"startTime":2469.393,"endTime":2471.523,"body":"hours, but we are kind of hitting the"},{"startTime":2471.523,"endTime":2471.733,"body":"end of"},{"startTime":2471.733,"endTime":2474.703,"body":"our episode, so I think we've gotten to"},{"startTime":2471.733,"endTime":2474.703,"body":"a good point where we can wrap it up."},{"startTime":2474.973,"endTime":2477.193,"body":"I do think we should revisit"},{"startTime":2474.973,"endTime":2477.193,"body":"this topic and maybe."},{"startTime":2477.258,"endTime":2481.338,"body":"Get a little more granular with specific"},{"startTime":2477.258,"endTime":2481.338,"body":"spaceship designs and specific use cases."},{"startTime":2481.638,"endTime":2483.918,"body":"Trust me, I could talk about"},{"startTime":2481.638,"endTime":2483.918,"body":"thermodynamics all day, but I"},{"startTime":2483.918,"endTime":2486.498,"body":"do think we're, we've reached"},{"startTime":2483.918,"endTime":2486.498,"body":"a good point for this episode."},{"startTime":2486.678,"endTime":2487.848,"body":"Yeah, I think so as well."},{"startTime":2487.908,"endTime":2490.698,"body":"We touched on a lot of cool stuff"},{"startTime":2487.908,"endTime":2490.698,"body":"that intertwines a lot of our"},{"startTime":2490.698,"endTime":2493.998,"body":"older episodes together is, um,"},{"startTime":2490.698,"endTime":2493.998,"body":"with topics that we've touched on."},{"startTime":2494.298,"endTime":2494.838,"body":"Very cool."},{"startTime":2495.506,"endTime":2498.386,"body":"With that being said, I invite you"},{"startTime":2495.506,"endTime":2498.386,"body":"all to join us next week where we're"},{"startTime":2498.386,"endTime":2501.536,"body":"gonna actually be covering a, uh,"},{"startTime":2498.386,"endTime":2501.536,"body":"broader topic in science fiction."},{"startTime":2501.536,"endTime":2504.746,"body":"It's the, uh, HFA branch of"},{"startTime":2501.536,"endTime":2504.746,"body":"science fiction, which is"},{"startTime":2504.926,"endTime":2505.796,"body":"effectively"},{"startTime":2506.096,"endTime":2508.826,"body":"looking at the idea that humans"},{"startTime":2506.096,"endTime":2508.826,"body":"are particularly resilient."},{"startTime":2509.231,"endTime":2512.771,"body":"Uh, or competitive because we grew"},{"startTime":2509.231,"endTime":2512.771,"body":"up in a, a very harsh environment"},{"startTime":2513.071,"endTime":2517.601,"body":"and exploring the idea of humanity"},{"startTime":2513.071,"endTime":2517.601,"body":"being a particularly aggressive or"},{"startTime":2517.601,"endTime":2519.281,"body":"dominant species in the far future."},{"startTime":2519.281,"endTime":2522.311,"body":"I know I've definitely heard a lot"},{"startTime":2519.281,"endTime":2522.311,"body":"of people talk about how aliens"},{"startTime":2522.311,"endTime":2523.301,"body":"would avoid humans because we're"},{"startTime":2523.301,"endTime":2524.351,"body":"particularly aggressive,"},{"startTime":2524.651,"endTime":2527.321,"body":"Uh, and this branch of stories"},{"startTime":2524.651,"endTime":2527.321,"body":"really focuses on humans being."},{"startTime":2527.676,"endTime":2528.456,"body":"Kind of an underdog."},{"startTime":2528.486,"endTime":2530.376,"body":"So I think it's gonna"},{"startTime":2528.486,"endTime":2530.376,"body":"be an interesting topic."},{"startTime":2530.376,"endTime":2532.206,"body":"And if you're not familiar with"},{"startTime":2530.376,"endTime":2532.206,"body":"that branch of science fiction, it"},{"startTime":2532.206,"endTime":2534.096,"body":"could be an introduction into it."},{"startTime":2534.246,"endTime":2537.756,"body":"I am gonna thank, uh, a viewer, uh, for"},{"startTime":2534.246,"endTime":2537.756,"body":"suggesting this on our YouTube channel."},{"startTime":2537.756,"endTime":2539.976,"body":"So it's gonna be a fun one"},{"startTime":2537.756,"endTime":2539.976,"body":"to explore and I'm looking"},{"startTime":2539.976,"endTime":2540.426,"body":"forward to it."},{"startTime":2540.696,"endTime":2543.186,"body":"Yeah, it's gonna be awesome"},{"startTime":2540.696,"endTime":2543.186,"body":"seeing us on top for once."},{"startTime":2544.876,"endTime":2547.306,"body":"As always, we welcome you to comment below"},{"startTime":2547.366,"endTime":2549.916,"body":"if you have any suggestions"},{"startTime":2547.366,"endTime":2549.916,"body":"for us in the future, or just,"},{"startTime":2549.916,"endTime":2550.066,"body":"uh,"},{"startTime":2550.096,"endTime":2551.476,"body":"to let us know how"},{"startTime":2550.096,"endTime":2551.476,"body":"you're enjoying the show."},{"startTime":2551.716,"endTime":2552.316,"body":"Helps us out in the"},{"startTime":2552.316,"endTime":2554.086,"body":"algorithm, helps us"},{"startTime":2552.316,"endTime":2554.086,"body":"understand what you like."},{"startTime":2554.086,"endTime":2554.356,"body":"And"},{"startTime":2554.356,"endTime":2555.316,"body":"a special thank you too."},{"startTime":2555.571,"endTime":2558.301,"body":"All of our Patreons for supporting"},{"startTime":2555.571,"endTime":2558.301,"body":"the show and making all this possible."},{"startTime":2558.451,"endTime":2559.681,"body":"And thank you all so much."},{"startTime":2560.221,"endTime":2560.551,"body":"Take care."},{"startTime":2560.761,"endTime":2561.091,"body":"Bye-bye."}]}