{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.025,"endTime":1.735,"body":"I mean, that's how Earth's"},{"startTime":0.025,"endTime":1.735,"body":"atmosphere was created."},{"startTime":1.735,"endTime":3.565,"body":"It was mostly a carbon"},{"startTime":1.735,"endTime":3.565,"body":"dioxide rich atmosphere."},{"startTime":3.565,"endTime":7.064,"body":"You had all these ano bacteria come,"},{"startTime":3.565,"endTime":7.064,"body":"they worked through aerobic processes."},{"startTime":7.064,"endTime":9.494,"body":"They, of course let oxygen"},{"startTime":7.064,"endTime":9.494,"body":"off as a, as a byproduct."},{"startTime":9.494,"endTime":11.01,"body":"And then they famously, basically."},{"startTime":11.137,"endTime":12.157,"body":"Poisoned themselves."},{"startTime":12.157,"endTime":15.787,"body":"They, they turned all this very"},{"startTime":12.157,"endTime":15.787,"body":"for them, carbon dioxide, rich,"},{"startTime":15.817,"endTime":18.517,"body":"beautiful atmosphere, what they"},{"startTime":15.817,"endTime":18.517,"body":"needed to live into this very"},{"startTime":18.517,"endTime":21.517,"body":"poisoned, oxygen rich atmosphere,"},{"startTime":18.517,"endTime":21.517,"body":"which the ended up killing them."},{"startTime":21.907,"endTime":25.414,"body":"Um, so yeah, that is an interesting,"},{"startTime":21.907,"endTime":25.414,"body":"a pathway and that's fair."},{"startTime":25.414,"endTime":25.924,"body":"I like that"},{"startTime":29.278,"endTime":32.536,"body":"Hello, and welcome to Entropy Rising,"},{"startTime":29.278,"endTime":32.536,"body":"a A podcast all about exploring"},{"startTime":32.536,"endTime":34.306,"body":"science and possible futures."},{"startTime":34.606,"endTime":38.476,"body":"I'm your host Jacob, and I am joined"},{"startTime":34.606,"endTime":38.476,"body":"with the ever so lovely co-host Lucas"},{"startTime":38.506,"endTime":38.656,"body":"ever."},{"startTime":38.656,"endTime":39.376,"body":"So lovely."},{"startTime":39.436,"endTime":40.426,"body":"I'm trying to change it up."},{"startTime":40.426,"endTime":42.766,"body":"I don't wanna bland a bland"},{"startTime":40.426,"endTime":42.766,"body":"opening every single time."},{"startTime":42.976,"endTime":43.121,"body":"I know."},{"startTime":43.126,"endTime":45.856,"body":"You know, I never get to, I'm here"},{"startTime":43.126,"endTime":45.856,"body":"with the wonderful, amazing, Ja,"},{"startTime":47.266,"endTime":47.506,"body":"thank you."},{"startTime":47.506,"endTime":48.256,"body":"Maybe I should let you do the next"},{"startTime":48.946,"endTime":49.096,"body":"opening."},{"startTime":49.096,"endTime":49.306,"body":"Yeah, yeah."},{"startTime":49.306,"endTime":49.726,"body":"Maybe."},{"startTime":49.816,"endTime":50.176,"body":"I don't know."},{"startTime":50.176,"endTime":50.866,"body":"They might not like that"},{"startTime":51.893,"endTime":53.003,"body":"I don't like change."},{"startTime":53.453,"endTime":53.513,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":53.513,"endTime":55.823,"body":"Well, you know, if they don't like"},{"startTime":53.513,"endTime":55.823,"body":"change, I don't think this is the"},{"startTime":55.823,"endTime":58.433,"body":"podcast for them, since that's"},{"startTime":55.823,"endTime":58.433,"body":"essentially all we talk about."},{"startTime":58.433,"endTime":59.333,"body":"That is very true."},{"startTime":59.388,"endTime":61.458,"body":"Lucas, I have to ask the"},{"startTime":59.388,"endTime":61.458,"body":"question, how are you doing today?"},{"startTime":61.518,"endTime":62.238,"body":"I'm doing great, Jake."},{"startTime":62.238,"endTime":62.718,"body":"How are you?"},{"startTime":62.898,"endTime":66.348,"body":"I'm doing well, except for the abysmally"},{"startTime":62.898,"endTime":66.348,"body":"high pollen counts that we're dealing with"},{"startTime":66.348,"endTime":70.158,"body":"here in the ever wonderful North Carolina,"},{"startTime":66.348,"endTime":70.158,"body":"the pollen capital of the United States."},{"startTime":70.188,"endTime":70.698,"body":"That's right."},{"startTime":70.698,"endTime":73.098,"body":"When I pulled my car out of"},{"startTime":70.698,"endTime":73.098,"body":"the driveway today, it's like a"},{"startTime":73.098,"endTime":74.658,"body":"smoke grenade went off behind it."},{"startTime":74.748,"endTime":75.108,"body":"Oh, I know."},{"startTime":75.108,"endTime":75.528,"body":"It's great."},{"startTime":75.528,"endTime":76.458,"body":"Every car is yellow."},{"startTime":78.048,"endTime":79.128,"body":"Doesn't matter what it was before."},{"startTime":79.158,"endTime":79.788,"body":"It's yellow today."},{"startTime":79.848,"endTime":80.478,"body":"That's right."},{"startTime":80.808,"endTime":82.218,"body":"Free paintings for everyone."},{"startTime":82.248,"endTime":82.488,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":82.518,"endTime":85.098,"body":"Well, you know, maybe we can"},{"startTime":82.518,"endTime":85.098,"body":"fix all the pollen issues with"},{"startTime":85.098,"endTime":88.848,"body":"today's topic, which is gonna be"},{"startTime":85.098,"endTime":88.848,"body":"colonizing and terraforming Venus."},{"startTime":89.228,"endTime":93.098,"body":"One of the hottest planets, or actually"},{"startTime":89.228,"endTime":93.098,"body":"the hottest planet in the solar system"},{"startTime":93.098,"endTime":95.618,"body":"and an interesting colonization target."},{"startTime":95.648,"endTime":97.808,"body":"'cause it's not one that I think"},{"startTime":95.648,"endTime":97.808,"body":"a lot of people really consider."},{"startTime":98.138,"endTime":99.753,"body":"We talk about colonizing"},{"startTime":98.138,"endTime":99.753,"body":"Mars all the time."},{"startTime":99.753,"endTime":100.153,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":100.233,"endTime":102.998,"body":"And you know, a lot of people think"},{"startTime":100.233,"endTime":102.998,"body":"that Mars will be the first place"},{"startTime":102.998,"endTime":104.678,"body":"we, we colonize and we live on."},{"startTime":105.053,"endTime":108.533,"body":"But it wasn't that long ago that we"},{"startTime":105.053,"endTime":108.533,"body":"actually thought Venus would be the"},{"startTime":108.533,"endTime":110.393,"body":"first planet that humanity lived on."},{"startTime":110.393,"endTime":114.053,"body":"If you read any old science fiction,"},{"startTime":110.393,"endTime":114.053,"body":"you might be surprised to notice"},{"startTime":114.053,"endTime":117.293,"body":"that they usually talk about life"},{"startTime":114.053,"endTime":117.293,"body":"on Venus and living on Venus."},{"startTime":117.353,"endTime":120.473,"body":"Uh, whereas more modern science"},{"startTime":117.353,"endTime":120.473,"body":"fiction obviously focuses on Mars."},{"startTime":120.863,"endTime":124.253,"body":"Now granted that was because we didn't"},{"startTime":120.863,"endTime":124.253,"body":"know much about the planet, and we"},{"startTime":124.253,"endTime":125.903,"body":"later on figured out that it's, um."},{"startTime":126.413,"endTime":130.193,"body":"Quite a bit warmer than we expected"},{"startTime":126.413,"endTime":130.193,"body":"and, and not the best target to"},{"startTime":130.193,"endTime":132.053,"body":"live on, at least on the surface."},{"startTime":132.083,"endTime":135.233,"body":"But, uh, still it's an interesting topic"},{"startTime":132.083,"endTime":135.233,"body":"and one we're gonna be exploring today."},{"startTime":135.492,"endTime":137.142,"body":"I mean, I'm excited to dive into it."},{"startTime":137.142,"endTime":140.772,"body":"I know it's one of the most, uh,"},{"startTime":137.142,"endTime":140.772,"body":"hostile places in our solar system."},{"startTime":140.772,"endTime":142.962,"body":"So thinking about living"},{"startTime":140.772,"endTime":142.962,"body":"there, like Jake said, usually"},{"startTime":142.962,"endTime":144.222,"body":"doesn't cross everybody's mind."},{"startTime":144.222,"endTime":148.122,"body":"But, I think that it's a great candidate"},{"startTime":144.222,"endTime":148.122,"body":"for it, be it that it has, you know,"},{"startTime":148.2,"endTime":151.906,"body":"about Earth's gravity, And, uh, and it"},{"startTime":148.2,"endTime":151.906,"body":"does have an atmosphere which makes it"},{"startTime":151.906,"endTime":155.626,"body":"different than the other places that"},{"startTime":151.906,"endTime":155.626,"body":"we've talked about on this channel before."},{"startTime":155.746,"endTime":159.256,"body":"Um, so I think it has a lot of different"},{"startTime":155.746,"endTime":159.256,"body":"possibilities that we can dive into."},{"startTime":159.387,"endTime":162.837,"body":"You know, I think that's one of the"},{"startTime":159.387,"endTime":162.837,"body":"things that draw people to Venus, because"},{"startTime":162.837,"endTime":166.137,"body":"whenever I talk about colonizing Venus,"},{"startTime":162.837,"endTime":166.137,"body":"a lot of people just kind of push it"},{"startTime":166.137,"endTime":169.377,"body":"off to the side on why would you ever"},{"startTime":166.137,"endTime":169.377,"body":"want to , colonize such a hostile place."},{"startTime":169.767,"endTime":171.657,"body":"But you did kind of hit the"},{"startTime":169.767,"endTime":171.657,"body":"nail on the head there, which is"},{"startTime":171.657,"endTime":173.877,"body":"that it has earth-like gravity."},{"startTime":173.877,"endTime":177.237,"body":"It's, I forget the exact number,"},{"startTime":173.877,"endTime":177.237,"body":"but something like 92, 90 3%."},{"startTime":177.237,"endTime":179.547,"body":"It's, it's very close to earth gravity."},{"startTime":179.547,"endTime":183.393,"body":"So that is a huge benefit, especially"},{"startTime":179.547,"endTime":183.393,"body":"if we find out that humans are more"},{"startTime":183.393,"endTime":184.863,"body":"sensitive to gravity than we expect."},{"startTime":185.223,"endTime":189.657,"body":"That's a common concern with colonizing"},{"startTime":185.223,"endTime":189.657,"body":"Mars is that maybe there's a, a risk"},{"startTime":189.657,"endTime":193.431,"body":"that humanity can't live in such low"},{"startTime":189.657,"endTime":193.431,"body":"gravity, and even with a rigorous workout"},{"startTime":193.431,"endTime":195.921,"body":"routine, you might not be healthy on Mars."},{"startTime":196.161,"endTime":199.821,"body":"You might never be healthy on Mars, but"},{"startTime":196.161,"endTime":199.821,"body":"Venus does kind of get around that issue."},{"startTime":199.821,"endTime":202.341,"body":"And the earthlike gravity, I"},{"startTime":199.821,"endTime":202.341,"body":"think is the biggest draw to it."},{"startTime":202.701,"endTime":204.681,"body":"And you mentioned it having an"},{"startTime":202.701,"endTime":204.681,"body":"atmosphere, which is actually, I"},{"startTime":204.681,"endTime":206.541,"body":"guess a, a pro and a con, right?"},{"startTime":206.541,"endTime":209.241,"body":"Like that is the issue with Venus"},{"startTime":206.541,"endTime":209.241,"body":"is that it has an immensely."},{"startTime":209.676,"endTime":210.516,"body":"Thick atmosphere."},{"startTime":210.576,"endTime":213.616,"body":"And, and just to be clear, maybe you"},{"startTime":210.576,"endTime":213.616,"body":"know this, maybe you don't here in the"},{"startTime":213.616,"endTime":218.026,"body":"audience, but the reason Venus is so hot"},{"startTime":213.616,"endTime":218.026,"body":"is not because it's close to the sun."},{"startTime":218.356,"endTime":219.586,"body":"I mean, it is close to the sun."},{"startTime":219.616,"endTime":223.036,"body":"Um, obviously if it was out in the outer"},{"startTime":219.616,"endTime":223.036,"body":"solar system, it wouldn't be as hot."},{"startTime":223.366,"endTime":226.126,"body":"But the reason it's the hottest planet"},{"startTime":223.366,"endTime":226.126,"body":"in the solar system is because of its"},{"startTime":226.126,"endTime":228.467,"body":"immensely thick carbon dioxide atmosphere."},{"startTime":228.497,"endTime":229.787,"body":"In fact, it's hotter than mercury."},{"startTime":229.787,"endTime":231.982,"body":"Despite Mercury being closer"},{"startTime":229.787,"endTime":231.982,"body":"to the sun than Venus."},{"startTime":232.682,"endTime":234.152,"body":"And that's all due to its atmosphere."},{"startTime":234.272,"endTime":234.422,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":234.662,"endTime":237.662,"body":"So that atmosphere, you know,"},{"startTime":234.662,"endTime":237.662,"body":"I guess a pro and a con."},{"startTime":237.779,"endTime":238.109,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":238.159,"endTime":240.739,"body":"We're able to work with it"},{"startTime":238.159,"endTime":240.739,"body":"and manipulate it, right?"},{"startTime":240.739,"endTime":244.489,"body":"Assuming if we are colonizing Venus or"},{"startTime":240.739,"endTime":244.489,"body":"Terraforming Venus in the future, we will"},{"startTime":244.489,"endTime":247.856,"body":"have that technology and it gives us,"},{"startTime":244.489,"endTime":247.856,"body":"something to do with all that carbon."},{"startTime":247.856,"endTime":252.866,"body":"But, um, it also, like Jake was saying,"},{"startTime":247.856,"endTime":252.866,"body":"makes it incredibly hospitable, giving it"},{"startTime":252.866,"endTime":258.579,"body":"an atmospheric pressure about, 97 times"},{"startTime":252.866,"endTime":258.579,"body":"that of Earth and it's carbon dioxide"},{"startTime":258.584,"endTime":262.389,"body":"content is about 93% of its atmosphere."},{"startTime":262.394,"endTime":263.979,"body":"It's, it's mostly carbon dioxide."},{"startTime":263.979,"endTime":266.362,"body":"It's a very carbon dioxide"},{"startTime":263.979,"endTime":266.362,"body":"rich atmosphere, which has"},{"startTime":266.362,"endTime":267.772,"body":"some interesting side effects."},{"startTime":267.883,"endTime":270.009,"body":"and, and of course one of 'em"},{"startTime":267.883,"endTime":270.009,"body":"is the insane heat that we see."},{"startTime":270.009,"endTime":272.739,"body":"I mean, this is the"},{"startTime":270.009,"endTime":272.739,"body":"greenhouse effect on steroids."},{"startTime":272.739,"endTime":272.829,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":273.069,"endTime":275.624,"body":"It's, it's, I've seen people point to it"},{"startTime":273.069,"endTime":275.624,"body":"and be like, that's what it's gonna be."},{"startTime":275.624,"endTime":277.719,"body":"Of, of course, not even"},{"startTime":275.624,"endTime":277.719,"body":"in our most extreme."},{"startTime":277.976,"endTime":279.144,"body":"Example of the greenhouse effect."},{"startTime":279.144,"endTime":282.774,"body":"We would never get that extreme, but"},{"startTime":279.144,"endTime":282.774,"body":"it is an example of just what carbon"},{"startTime":282.774,"endTime":284.124,"body":"dioxide can do in the atmosphere."},{"startTime":284.514,"endTime":288.294,"body":"Now, Lucas, really quick before we, I"},{"startTime":284.514,"endTime":288.294,"body":"think jump into all the technical details,"},{"startTime":288.294,"endTime":290.874,"body":"because you and I have done our own"},{"startTime":288.294,"endTime":290.874,"body":"research and, and, and we know about it."},{"startTime":291.114,"endTime":294.114,"body":"I am just generally curious, especially"},{"startTime":291.114,"endTime":294.114,"body":"before you did all your research,"},{"startTime":294.444,"endTime":297.114,"body":"what was your thoughts on, on"},{"startTime":294.444,"endTime":297.114,"body":"colonizing Venus and living on Venus?"},{"startTime":297.114,"endTime":299.574,"body":"Did you think this was crazy,"},{"startTime":297.114,"endTime":299.574,"body":"stupid, or were you already"},{"startTime":299.574,"endTime":300.849,"body":"like, no, Venus is a good option."},{"startTime":301.469,"endTime":304.979,"body":"Um, well, I, honestly, I"},{"startTime":301.469,"endTime":304.979,"body":"think it's just more work."},{"startTime":305.249,"endTime":305.489,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":305.549,"endTime":305.969,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":306.149,"endTime":311.292,"body":"I, uh, uh, as, as opposed to colonizing"},{"startTime":306.149,"endTime":311.292,"body":"other planets specifically Mars or"},{"startTime":311.292,"endTime":314.952,"body":"trying to colonize, a moon, but I think"},{"startTime":311.292,"endTime":314.952,"body":"that there are better moons out there"},{"startTime":314.982,"endTime":315.252,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":315.552,"endTime":320.352,"body":"Available to us because not only"},{"startTime":315.552,"endTime":320.352,"body":"do we have to give it a human ready"},{"startTime":320.352,"endTime":324.432,"body":"atmosphere, we have to first strip"},{"startTime":320.352,"endTime":324.432,"body":"it of it's very, very hostile."},{"startTime":324.539,"endTime":325.807,"body":"atmosphere to everything."},{"startTime":325.817,"endTime":329.657,"body":"and reduce all of the, the damage"},{"startTime":325.817,"endTime":329.657,"body":"or that has seeped into that,"},{"startTime":329.657,"endTime":332.357,"body":"that planet over time with all the"},{"startTime":329.657,"endTime":332.357,"body":"carbon dioxide and the nitrogen."},{"startTime":332.537,"endTime":332.777,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":332.867,"endTime":333.257,"body":"That's fair."},{"startTime":333.257,"endTime":337.187,"body":"And has that, was that your reaction"},{"startTime":333.257,"endTime":337.187,"body":"before your research or after, or both?"},{"startTime":337.697,"endTime":342.587,"body":"Um, I mean, well before really all that I"},{"startTime":337.697,"endTime":342.587,"body":"knew about Venus was like we, we had sent."},{"startTime":343.157,"endTime":345.947,"body":"Something there to go and take pictures"},{"startTime":343.157,"endTime":345.947,"body":"and the second that it touches the"},{"startTime":345.947,"endTime":347.657,"body":"surface, it gets crushed and dies."},{"startTime":347.837,"endTime":350.327,"body":"Well, no, it made it for I"},{"startTime":347.837,"endTime":350.327,"body":"think, uh, seven minutes."},{"startTime":350.433,"endTime":351.453,"body":"And they send back pictures."},{"startTime":351.633,"endTime":352.083,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":352.083,"endTime":356.44,"body":"Yeah, I mean, I mean, if the machines"},{"startTime":352.083,"endTime":356.44,"body":"can only last seven minutes, you can"},{"startTime":356.44,"endTime":359.74,"body":"only wonder, and those pictures, it did"},{"startTime":356.44,"endTime":359.74,"body":"send back, I don't know if the color"},{"startTime":359.74,"endTime":363.25,"body":"grading was off, but it looked like,"},{"startTime":359.74,"endTime":363.25,"body":"you know, a place where you'd go to die."},{"startTime":363.49,"endTime":366.31,"body":"Well, that's pretty accurate"},{"startTime":363.49,"endTime":366.31,"body":"considering the atmospheric"},{"startTime":366.31,"endTime":368.763,"body":"density and the, the surface"},{"startTime":366.31,"endTime":368.763,"body":"temperature's hot enough to melt lead."},{"startTime":368.815,"endTime":371.56,"body":"Uh, yeah, no, that's a very"},{"startTime":368.815,"endTime":371.56,"body":"accurate representation and I,"},{"startTime":371.56,"endTime":373.54,"body":"I kind of agree with you before."},{"startTime":374.155,"endTime":375.985,"body":"Really researching colonizing Venus."},{"startTime":375.985,"endTime":379.345,"body":"Um, I always thought that it was, and"},{"startTime":375.985,"endTime":379.345,"body":"the reason it took us so long to get"},{"startTime":379.345,"endTime":381.785,"body":"to this topic was, I kind of thought"},{"startTime":379.345,"endTime":381.785,"body":"the concept was dead on arrival."},{"startTime":381.785,"endTime":383.285,"body":"I, I didn't think it was a great idea."},{"startTime":383.525,"endTime":388.175,"body":"I will say that while I still remain"},{"startTime":383.525,"endTime":388.175,"body":"skeptical that that would ever be a"},{"startTime":388.175,"endTime":389.765,"body":"target, at least in our early form."},{"startTime":390.215,"endTime":391.475,"body":"Of colonization."},{"startTime":391.475,"endTime":394.565,"body":"I mean, maybe a K two civilization"},{"startTime":391.475,"endTime":394.565,"body":"that has a Dyson swarm and can"},{"startTime":394.565,"endTime":395.885,"body":"kind of just do whatever they want."},{"startTime":395.95,"endTime":399.442,"body":"could colonize and terraform a, a"},{"startTime":395.95,"endTime":399.442,"body":"planet like Venus because they have"},{"startTime":399.442,"endTime":400.522,"body":"the energy to do whatever they want."},{"startTime":400.582,"endTime":400.702,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":401.015,"endTime":405.078,"body":"but I, I did have a lot of"},{"startTime":401.015,"endTime":405.078,"body":"reservations that we would ever target"},{"startTime":405.108,"endTime":408.918,"body":"Venus as a potential colonization"},{"startTime":405.108,"endTime":408.918,"body":"site before reaching that point."},{"startTime":408.978,"endTime":413.268,"body":"And while I don't think I have fully"},{"startTime":408.978,"endTime":413.268,"body":"changed my mind, I do see some more"},{"startTime":413.268,"endTime":415.818,"body":"benefits to it now that I've done"},{"startTime":413.268,"endTime":415.818,"body":"the research for this episode that"},{"startTime":415.818,"endTime":417.048,"body":"I didn't otherwise think about."},{"startTime":417.483,"endTime":420.513,"body":"And so it's gonna be interesting to dive"},{"startTime":417.483,"endTime":420.513,"body":"into that and see if we can change the"},{"startTime":420.513,"endTime":423.493,"body":"mind maybe of some people in the audience"},{"startTime":420.513,"endTime":423.493,"body":"or at the bare minimum, make you aware"},{"startTime":423.493,"endTime":425.953,"body":"of some of the things that give you at"},{"startTime":423.493,"endTime":425.953,"body":"least a pause for thought and be like,"},{"startTime":425.983,"endTime":429.043,"body":"okay, maybe still not ideal, but maybe,"},{"startTime":429.613,"endTime":429.913,"body":"yeah."},{"startTime":430.03,"endTime":431.65,"body":"I mean, it would, it would"},{"startTime":430.03,"endTime":431.65,"body":"definitely be, be cool."},{"startTime":431.65,"endTime":435.13,"body":"Let let us know if you guys, uh,"},{"startTime":431.65,"endTime":435.13,"body":"want to colonize Venus or not."},{"startTime":435.91,"endTime":436.18,"body":"Absolutely."},{"startTime":436.93,"endTime":440.213,"body":"So first, I think let's dive into"},{"startTime":436.93,"endTime":440.213,"body":"the idea of actually colonizing"},{"startTime":440.213,"endTime":441.623,"body":"Venus and not terraforming it."},{"startTime":441.623,"endTime":442.403,"body":"You did mention."},{"startTime":442.557,"endTime":444.957,"body":"some of the things earlier that would"},{"startTime":442.557,"endTime":444.957,"body":"be more aligned with terraforming."},{"startTime":445.017,"endTime":445.107,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":445.347,"endTime":448.437,"body":"But it's worth pointing out, we don't need"},{"startTime":445.347,"endTime":448.437,"body":"to terraform the planet to live on it."},{"startTime":448.917,"endTime":451.973,"body":"Now, obviously, we can't live on the"},{"startTime":448.917,"endTime":451.973,"body":"surface, uh, without doing some type"},{"startTime":451.973,"endTime":453.473,"body":"of terraforming or para terraforming."},{"startTime":453.618,"endTime":456.481,"body":"for those of you who don't know,"},{"startTime":453.618,"endTime":456.481,"body":"para terraforming means essentially"},{"startTime":456.722,"endTime":459.587,"body":"slightly altering the planet, but"},{"startTime":456.722,"endTime":459.587,"body":"also altering the people so that you"},{"startTime":459.587,"endTime":461.043,"body":"can kind of meet your crossroads."},{"startTime":461.043,"endTime":462.663,"body":"That way you don't have to"},{"startTime":461.043,"endTime":462.663,"body":"fully change the planet."},{"startTime":463.278,"endTime":466.881,"body":"But you also might adapt our own biology"},{"startTime":463.278,"endTime":466.881,"body":"and physiology, to allow you to live"},{"startTime":466.881,"endTime":469.431,"body":"in a harsher environment while making"},{"startTime":466.881,"endTime":469.431,"body":"the environment a little less harsh."},{"startTime":469.593,"endTime":472.893,"body":"a good example of that would be"},{"startTime":469.593,"endTime":472.893,"body":"genetically modifying a species to be"},{"startTime":472.893,"endTime":474.633,"body":"able to withstand a thinner atmosphere."},{"startTime":474.633,"endTime":477.453,"body":"That way you don't have to fully"},{"startTime":474.633,"endTime":477.453,"body":"create like a one, you know,"},{"startTime":477.453,"endTime":479.223,"body":"atmospheric pressure on Mars."},{"startTime":479.289,"endTime":482.039,"body":"long story short, we're probably not"},{"startTime":479.289,"endTime":482.039,"body":"gonna live on the surface of, of Venus"},{"startTime":482.039,"endTime":482.944,"body":"without doing some type of terraforming."},{"startTime":483.569,"endTime":484.709,"body":"Or Paraform."},{"startTime":484.949,"endTime":485.249,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":485.339,"endTime":489.809,"body":"So you're then assuming that we"},{"startTime":485.339,"endTime":489.809,"body":"would be able to live, not on the"},{"startTime":489.809,"endTime":492.299,"body":"surface, but what in the sky of Venus?"},{"startTime":492.359,"endTime":492.659,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":492.659,"endTime":495.209,"body":"Actually the sky of Venus,"},{"startTime":492.659,"endTime":495.209,"body":"that's not, uh, a bad option."},{"startTime":495.239,"endTime":497.729,"body":"That is something that we've seen"},{"startTime":495.239,"endTime":497.729,"body":"explored a lot in science fiction"},{"startTime":497.729,"endTime":499.589,"body":"and even not in science fiction even."},{"startTime":499.589,"endTime":503.289,"body":"There's been some, earnest proposals"},{"startTime":499.589,"endTime":503.289,"body":"for building cloud cities on Venus,"},{"startTime":503.589,"endTime":505.689,"body":"and it's not as crazy as it sounds."},{"startTime":505.689,"endTime":505.779,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":506.199,"endTime":509.019,"body":"Uh, one of the things is"},{"startTime":506.199,"endTime":509.019,"body":"that when you get above."},{"startTime":509.454,"endTime":513.684,"body":"The surface of Venus at around"},{"startTime":509.454,"endTime":513.684,"body":"the 50 to 55 kilometer mark off of"},{"startTime":513.684,"endTime":516.984,"body":"the surface, you reach an area in"},{"startTime":513.684,"endTime":516.984,"body":"Venus, this atmosphere where you"},{"startTime":516.984,"endTime":518.754,"body":"actually have pretty mild conditions."},{"startTime":518.754,"endTime":522.084,"body":"You have about one earth's atmosphere"},{"startTime":518.754,"endTime":522.084,"body":"of pressure and you actually"},{"startTime":522.084,"endTime":524.994,"body":"have, uh, the temperature range"},{"startTime":522.084,"endTime":524.994,"body":"that we're used to here on earth."},{"startTime":524.994,"endTime":529.344,"body":"You know, we have a temperature where"},{"startTime":524.994,"endTime":529.344,"body":"liquid water can exist and it's actually"},{"startTime":529.344,"endTime":530.724,"body":"the right pressure for us as well."},{"startTime":531.084,"endTime":535.194,"body":"And so you can pretty much walk"},{"startTime":531.084,"endTime":535.194,"body":"outside and exist with nothing"},{"startTime":535.194,"endTime":536.844,"body":"more than an oxygen mask."},{"startTime":537.324,"endTime":541.044,"body":"Because again, the atmosphere is mostly"},{"startTime":537.324,"endTime":541.044,"body":"carbon dioxide and, uh, some type of"},{"startTime":541.044,"endTime":544.584,"body":"just suit to protect your skin because"},{"startTime":541.044,"endTime":544.584,"body":"unfortunately there is a lot of sulfuric"},{"startTime":544.584,"endTime":548.124,"body":"acid in venus's atmosphere, so you"},{"startTime":544.584,"endTime":548.124,"body":"still do need some type of protection"},{"startTime":548.124,"endTime":551.334,"body":"from that sulfuric acid, but you don't"},{"startTime":548.124,"endTime":551.334,"body":"need a heated or pressurized suit."},{"startTime":551.754,"endTime":555.084,"body":"And so if you did build these"},{"startTime":551.754,"endTime":555.084,"body":"floating cloud cities, that's, um,"},{"startTime":555.084,"endTime":556.704,"body":"that's a genuinely decent draw."},{"startTime":557.094,"endTime":559.129,"body":"Not having to worry about,"},{"startTime":557.094,"endTime":559.129,"body":"uh, pressure or temperature."},{"startTime":559.389,"endTime":559.449,"body":"I"},{"startTime":559.989,"endTime":564.429,"body":"mean, yeah, that it could be, you know,"},{"startTime":559.989,"endTime":564.429,"body":"the first real thought of a cloud city."},{"startTime":564.489,"endTime":568.509,"body":"It's just, I'm trying to imagine what a"},{"startTime":564.489,"endTime":568.509,"body":"stable city like that would look like."},{"startTime":568.959,"endTime":570.039,"body":"Yeah, that is fair."},{"startTime":570.069,"endTime":572.439,"body":"Um, obviously, I think the biggest"},{"startTime":570.069,"endTime":572.439,"body":"concern is you're gonna need a lot"},{"startTime":572.439,"endTime":575.649,"body":"of redundancies if you build a cloud"},{"startTime":572.439,"endTime":575.649,"body":"city, because the fear, of course is,"},{"startTime":576.009,"endTime":578.649,"body":"you know, a hole in your balloon and"},{"startTime":576.009,"endTime":578.649,"body":"then you go flying down on a surface."},{"startTime":578.78,"endTime":582.29,"body":"that was, for me, a big non-starter was"},{"startTime":578.78,"endTime":582.29,"body":"just the sheer amount of redundancies"},{"startTime":582.29,"endTime":583.58,"body":"you would need to feel safe on this."},{"startTime":583.895,"endTime":586.535,"body":"But you have to think if you're"},{"startTime":583.895,"endTime":586.535,"body":"going to live in space anyways,"},{"startTime":586.865,"endTime":589.535,"body":"you've gotta already have a populace"},{"startTime":586.865,"endTime":589.535,"body":"that's fairly comfortable with the"},{"startTime":589.535,"endTime":594.185,"body":"idea that one critical failure could"},{"startTime":589.535,"endTime":594.185,"body":"essentially destroy your entire city."},{"startTime":594.545,"endTime":598.768,"body":"So with the right engineering and"},{"startTime":594.545,"endTime":598.768,"body":"safeguards, there's no reason to say"},{"startTime":598.768,"endTime":602.098,"body":"that a cloud city's inherently more"},{"startTime":598.768,"endTime":602.098,"body":"risky than like an Neil Cylinder or that"},{"startTime":602.098,"endTime":605.938,"body":"people would feel inherently less safe"},{"startTime":602.098,"endTime":605.938,"body":"on a cloud city than an O'Neill cylinder."},{"startTime":606.088,"endTime":606.208,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":606.208,"endTime":609.208,"body":"Uh, 'cause you're already probably by"},{"startTime":606.208,"endTime":609.208,"body":"this point, have people used to existing"},{"startTime":609.208,"endTime":610.498,"body":"in these artificial environments."},{"startTime":610.828,"endTime":613.918,"body":"And trusting the engineering controls"},{"startTime":610.828,"endTime":613.918,"body":"and the fail safe and the redundancies."},{"startTime":614.278,"endTime":615.178,"body":"It's the same risk."},{"startTime":615.178,"endTime":618.568,"body":"Like we're all, or most of us, a lot"},{"startTime":615.178,"endTime":618.568,"body":"of us are comfortable with getting in"},{"startTime":618.568,"endTime":620.968,"body":"airplanes or getting into our cars even."},{"startTime":621.395,"endTime":622.565,"body":"So it would just be like that."},{"startTime":622.685,"endTime":623.375,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":623.375,"endTime":626.495,"body":"And again, you know, you have to imagine"},{"startTime":623.375,"endTime":626.495,"body":"you're not gonna build your first ever"},{"startTime":626.495,"endTime":628.625,"body":"space colony in the atmosphere of Venus."},{"startTime":628.625,"endTime":631.115,"body":"You're probably already gonna be used"},{"startTime":628.625,"endTime":631.115,"body":"to living in O'Neill cylinders and"},{"startTime":631.115,"endTime":633.635,"body":"living in some sort of space habitat."},{"startTime":633.635,"endTime":637.865,"body":"So the idea of just having a habitat"},{"startTime":633.635,"endTime":637.865,"body":"floating on a, on a planet probably"},{"startTime":637.865,"endTime":640.655,"body":"isn't that much crazier from a"},{"startTime":637.865,"endTime":640.655,"body":"safety perspective to the populace."},{"startTime":640.655,"endTime":643.925,"body":"And then from an engineering perspective,"},{"startTime":640.655,"endTime":643.925,"body":"you can control for it in much the"},{"startTime":643.925,"endTime":646.805,"body":"same way, uh, you know, through a bunch"},{"startTime":643.925,"endTime":646.805,"body":"of redundancies, different balloons."},{"startTime":647.405,"endTime":650.915,"body":"Another benefit too that,"},{"startTime":647.405,"endTime":650.915,"body":"uh, is a drawback sometimes."},{"startTime":650.915,"endTime":653.435,"body":"But a benefit in this case is"},{"startTime":650.915,"endTime":653.435,"body":"that the Venetian atmosphere"},{"startTime":653.735,"endTime":655.235,"body":"is mostly carbon dioxide."},{"startTime":655.595,"endTime":659.435,"body":"And carbon dioxide is 44 grams per"},{"startTime":655.595,"endTime":659.435,"body":"mole, significantly heavier than"},{"startTime":659.765,"endTime":662.555,"body":"our atmospheric makeup, where we're"},{"startTime":659.765,"endTime":662.555,"body":"used to, which is nitrogen and, uh,"},{"startTime":662.555,"endTime":666.695,"body":"oxygen, which I believe rounds out"},{"startTime":662.555,"endTime":666.695,"body":"to something like 29 grams per mole."},{"startTime":666.695,"endTime":666.935,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":667.175,"endTime":671.495,"body":"So the benefit of that is that our"},{"startTime":667.175,"endTime":671.495,"body":"atmosphere is actually buoyant in"},{"startTime":671.495,"endTime":673.415,"body":"Venus at this 55 kilometer mark."},{"startTime":673.775,"endTime":677.075,"body":"Where you have Earth-like temperature"},{"startTime":673.775,"endTime":677.075,"body":"and pressure, which means that a"},{"startTime":677.075,"endTime":680.708,"body":"habitat filled with, the gas, just"},{"startTime":677.075,"endTime":680.708,"body":"makeup that we're used to that we"},{"startTime":680.708,"endTime":682.208,"body":"need to breathe would be buoyant."},{"startTime":682.508,"endTime":682.778,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":682.808,"endTime":684.248,"body":"So that's kind of a benefit as well."},{"startTime":684.248,"endTime":687.008,"body":"And then in addition to that, things"},{"startTime":684.248,"endTime":687.008,"body":"that are already buoyant on earth, right?"},{"startTime":687.008,"endTime":689.738,"body":"Like hydrogen and helium"},{"startTime":687.008,"endTime":689.738,"body":"are even more buoyant."},{"startTime":690.218,"endTime":692.408,"body":"In a place like Venus you"},{"startTime":690.218,"endTime":692.408,"body":"have, they're more effective."},{"startTime":693.038,"endTime":695.558,"body":"We can actually get a by"},{"startTime":693.038,"endTime":695.558,"body":"with lifting more weight."},{"startTime":696.188,"endTime":698.438,"body":"Or less volume of something"},{"startTime":696.188,"endTime":698.438,"body":"like a gas bag or a balloon."},{"startTime":698.498,"endTime":700.358,"body":"So that's, that's also"},{"startTime":698.498,"endTime":700.358,"body":"something to consider as well."},{"startTime":700.568,"endTime":703.448,"body":"Yeah, I mean, that's, that's excellent"},{"startTime":700.568,"endTime":703.448,"body":"because that's less material that"},{"startTime":703.448,"endTime":706.838,"body":"you have to transport there to,"},{"startTime":703.448,"endTime":706.838,"body":"you know, produce the buoyancy."},{"startTime":706.898,"endTime":707.108,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":707.108,"endTime":710.318,"body":"Or just, you know, a bigger"},{"startTime":707.108,"endTime":710.318,"body":"habitat you can have per, uh,"},{"startTime":710.318,"endTime":711.878,"body":"volume of a lifting space."},{"startTime":711.878,"endTime":712.148,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":712.148,"endTime":713.138,"body":"Like a balloon or anything."},{"startTime":713.138,"endTime":716.438,"body":"So a hot air balloon or a,"},{"startTime":713.138,"endTime":716.438,"body":"a Zeppelin on Venus works a"},{"startTime":716.438,"endTime":717.458,"body":"lot better than one on Earth."},{"startTime":717.518,"endTime":721.928,"body":"You can make it a, a much bigger payload"},{"startTime":717.518,"endTime":721.928,"body":"per size of, of your craft or whatever."},{"startTime":722.333,"endTime":724.613,"body":"And that, that would be crazy living."},{"startTime":724.643,"endTime":727.643,"body":"Like, uh, I would be so terrified"},{"startTime":724.643,"endTime":727.643,"body":"to look over the edge of that."},{"startTime":729.713,"endTime":730.463,"body":"That's true."},{"startTime":730.463,"endTime":732.173,"body":"But you have to think that"},{"startTime":730.463,"endTime":732.173,"body":"what's the alternative?"},{"startTime":732.173,"endTime":735.533,"body":"You, you, you probably decided to"},{"startTime":732.173,"endTime":735.533,"body":"relocate from your O'Neill cylinder there."},{"startTime":735.533,"endTime":739.163,"body":"That's much higher up in, in actually"},{"startTime":735.533,"endTime":739.163,"body":"orbiting a planet, than, and knowing"},{"startTime":739.163,"endTime":742.283,"body":"that if, you know there's a crack,"},{"startTime":739.163,"endTime":742.283,"body":"uh, all your atmosphere seeks out"},{"startTime":742.283,"endTime":745.639,"body":"and you, and you suffocate versus"},{"startTime":742.283,"endTime":745.639,"body":"on Venus, where it's like, you know,"},{"startTime":745.639,"endTime":747.049,"body":"if the, if the atmosphere opens up."},{"startTime":747.226,"endTime":749.663,"body":"All you need is supplemental"},{"startTime":747.226,"endTime":749.663,"body":"oxygen, you'll, you'll survive."},{"startTime":749.663,"endTime":750.023,"body":"So"},{"startTime":750.143,"endTime":750.443,"body":"yeah,"},{"startTime":750.593,"endTime":752.573,"body":"um, that could definitely"},{"startTime":750.593,"endTime":752.573,"body":"be a, a big benefit."},{"startTime":752.573,"endTime":754.703,"body":"And then in addition to that, you"},{"startTime":752.573,"endTime":754.703,"body":"get a lot of protections as well that"},{"startTime":754.703,"endTime":756.113,"body":"you don't otherwise get in space."},{"startTime":756.353,"endTime":759.179,"body":"If you're that deep into an atmosphere,"},{"startTime":756.353,"endTime":759.179,"body":"you're, you're fairly protected, from"},{"startTime":759.179,"endTime":762.029,"body":"meteorites and micro meteorites 'cause"},{"startTime":759.179,"endTime":762.029,"body":"they'll all burn up before they reach you."},{"startTime":762.029,"endTime":765.479,"body":"So you never have to worry about"},{"startTime":762.029,"endTime":765.479,"body":"getting hit by a random micro meteorite,"},{"startTime":765.509,"endTime":768.389,"body":"which is something you always have"},{"startTime":765.509,"endTime":768.389,"body":"to be conscientious of if you're"},{"startTime":768.389,"endTime":769.859,"body":"in some type of an orbital habitat."},{"startTime":770.249,"endTime":773.069,"body":"So in that way it can actually be"},{"startTime":770.249,"endTime":773.069,"body":"a lot safer or at least one less"},{"startTime":773.069,"endTime":773.999,"body":"thing you have to worry about."},{"startTime":774.374,"endTime":776.954,"body":"I mean, granted, and like an"},{"startTime":774.374,"endTime":776.954,"body":"O'Neill cylinder, we think you'd"},{"startTime":776.954,"endTime":779.864,"body":"be able to handle that with like"},{"startTime":776.954,"endTime":779.864,"body":"thick shielding or potentially, um,"},{"startTime":779.864,"endTime":781.574,"body":"some point defense type systems."},{"startTime":781.604,"endTime":781.934,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":781.964,"endTime":784.214,"body":"But it is at least something to"},{"startTime":781.964,"endTime":784.214,"body":"consider that you're not worried"},{"startTime":784.214,"endTime":785.564,"body":"too much about micro meteorites."},{"startTime":785.714,"endTime":786.254,"body":"Of course."},{"startTime":786.254,"endTime":786.638,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":786.638,"endTime":790.698,"body":"I mean it's, it's interesting to think,"},{"startTime":786.638,"endTime":790.698,"body":"but it also makes me wonder why would"},{"startTime":790.698,"endTime":792.438,"body":"we want to be there to begin with?"},{"startTime":792.589,"endTime":794.119,"body":"That is the tricky point."},{"startTime":794.119,"endTime":796.039,"body":"Do you have, is that a rhetorical,"},{"startTime":794.119,"endTime":796.039,"body":"do you have an answer or did you"},{"startTime":796.039,"endTime":799.339,"body":"actually, I mean, well I'm, I'm"},{"startTime":796.039,"endTime":799.339,"body":"thinking right, because we could"},{"startTime":799.339,"endTime":803.809,"body":"be there to mine carbon dioxide,"},{"startTime":799.339,"endTime":803.809,"body":"you know, for carbon and oxygen."},{"startTime":803.899,"endTime":804.169,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":804.169,"endTime":806.479,"body":"If we are planning on"},{"startTime":804.169,"endTime":806.479,"body":"terraforming other planets."},{"startTime":806.601,"endTime":809.914,"body":"but once we get past there, like,"},{"startTime":806.601,"endTime":809.914,"body":"like, I don't really know what"},{"startTime":810.244,"endTime":813.574,"body":"the planet itself offers us except"},{"startTime":810.244,"endTime":813.574,"body":"for an almost earth-like gravity."},{"startTime":813.904,"endTime":816.574,"body":"The earth-like gravity is,"},{"startTime":813.904,"endTime":816.574,"body":"uh, is really a big one."},{"startTime":816.574,"endTime":818.817,"body":"And when you're asking the question"},{"startTime":816.574,"endTime":818.817,"body":"of like, why on earth would you ever"},{"startTime":818.847,"endTime":822.597,"body":"build a floating cloud sitting on"},{"startTime":818.847,"endTime":822.597,"body":"Venus versus just an O'Neill cylinder?"},{"startTime":822.657,"endTime":824.457,"body":"I really do still struggle"},{"startTime":822.657,"endTime":824.457,"body":"with that question."},{"startTime":824.457,"endTime":827.582,"body":"And that's why in the beginning I said,"},{"startTime":824.457,"endTime":827.582,"body":"I'm still not fully convinced because"},{"startTime":827.702,"endTime":831.662,"body":"I can justify it from an engineering"},{"startTime":827.702,"endTime":831.662,"body":"perspective and I can see some benefits."},{"startTime":831.662,"endTime":834.315,"body":"But realistically, an O'Neill"},{"startTime":831.662,"endTime":834.315,"body":"cylinder is probably gonna"},{"startTime":834.315,"endTime":835.785,"body":"be a more attractive option."},{"startTime":835.788,"endTime":837.138,"body":"you just have a lot more"},{"startTime":835.788,"endTime":837.138,"body":"that you can control."},{"startTime":837.138,"endTime":839.268,"body":"You can precisely pick your"},{"startTime":837.138,"endTime":839.268,"body":"day length, your gravity."},{"startTime":839.352,"endTime":841.392,"body":"you know, this is something that"},{"startTime":839.352,"endTime":841.392,"body":"we can talk about ad nauseum,"},{"startTime":841.392,"endTime":843.312,"body":"but I think we're always gonna"},{"startTime":841.392,"endTime":843.312,"body":"come back to this, this thing."},{"startTime":844.032,"endTime":846.012,"body":"Space habitats are just"},{"startTime":844.032,"endTime":846.012,"body":"kind of the way to go."},{"startTime":846.012,"endTime":848.215,"body":"And I do generally believe that,"},{"startTime":846.012,"endTime":848.215,"body":"I don't know if you've ever read"},{"startTime":848.215,"endTime":849.925,"body":"the culture by e and m Banks."},{"startTime":850.015,"endTime":850.285,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":850.375,"endTime":852.475,"body":"Well, they all live in like"},{"startTime":850.375,"endTime":852.475,"body":"orbital space habitats."},{"startTime":852.475,"endTime":853.945,"body":"And I do think that's"},{"startTime":852.475,"endTime":853.945,"body":"something he got right."},{"startTime":853.945,"endTime":855.115,"body":"And that's a realistic future."},{"startTime":855.115,"endTime":855.655,"body":"I could see."},{"startTime":855.89,"endTime":860.504,"body":"However, you can't deny that the idea of"},{"startTime":855.89,"endTime":860.504,"body":"a cloud city on Venus sounds pretty cool."},{"startTime":860.564,"endTime":861.524,"body":"I mean, it does."},{"startTime":861.974,"endTime":862.994,"body":"It absolutely does."},{"startTime":863.324,"endTime":865.334,"body":"You know, and I'm safer for asteroids."},{"startTime":865.574,"endTime":866.294,"body":"That's amazing."},{"startTime":866.414,"endTime":866.984,"body":"I love that."},{"startTime":867.268,"endTime":869.098,"body":"you can't discount the."},{"startTime":869.363,"endTime":871.133,"body":"We're gonna do it just because we can."},{"startTime":871.373,"endTime":875.033,"body":"I'm not saying that Venus would ever"},{"startTime":871.373,"endTime":875.033,"body":"be, a hub of the civilization or an"},{"startTime":875.033,"endTime":878.273,"body":"area where a majority of your population"},{"startTime":875.033,"endTime":878.273,"body":"lives, but it's very possible you"},{"startTime":878.273,"endTime":881.873,"body":"still might have some cloud cities"},{"startTime":878.273,"endTime":881.873,"body":"existing in Venus, especially for a"},{"startTime":881.873,"endTime":885.503,"body":"particularly advanced humanity where"},{"startTime":881.873,"endTime":885.503,"body":"we've pretty much mastered space travel."},{"startTime":885.803,"endTime":888.973,"body":"And the idea of popping a few cloud"},{"startTime":885.803,"endTime":888.973,"body":"cities up in Venus is, potentially"},{"startTime":888.973,"endTime":893.277,"body":"tourist spots, vacation spots, could be"},{"startTime":888.973,"endTime":893.277,"body":"a real possibility of research centers."},{"startTime":893.378,"endTime":895.677,"body":"The planet below is, fairly metal rich."},{"startTime":896.067,"endTime":898.707,"body":"So there is some potential mining"},{"startTime":896.067,"endTime":898.707,"body":"operations that could happen where"},{"startTime":898.707,"endTime":902.967,"body":"you have remote drones below, and then"},{"startTime":898.707,"endTime":902.967,"body":"you have floating cities above that."},{"startTime":903.237,"endTime":905.757,"body":"You can imagine a remote drone"},{"startTime":903.237,"endTime":905.757,"body":"going and gathering up all this"},{"startTime":905.757,"endTime":908.667,"body":"material and floating it up,"},{"startTime":905.757,"endTime":908.667,"body":"and then a, a floating city that"},{"startTime":908.667,"endTime":910.197,"body":"then catches that and harvest it."},{"startTime":910.197,"endTime":913.227,"body":"So, you know, there is some real"},{"startTime":910.197,"endTime":913.227,"body":"potential for some smaller settlements"},{"startTime":913.227,"endTime":917.097,"body":"there, uh, that all might center around,"},{"startTime":913.227,"endTime":917.097,"body":"uh, rather niche and small industries."},{"startTime":917.307,"endTime":919.472,"body":"I do genuinely believe though,"},{"startTime":917.307,"endTime":919.472,"body":"it's probably never going to be."},{"startTime":920.202,"endTime":923.172,"body":"Center of your civilization, at"},{"startTime":920.202,"endTime":923.172,"body":"least not in the near future."},{"startTime":923.382,"endTime":923.742,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":923.832,"endTime":924.852,"body":"I mean, yeah."},{"startTime":924.912,"endTime":927.942,"body":"I guess at the end of the day for anything"},{"startTime":924.912,"endTime":927.942,"body":"it could just be more real estate."},{"startTime":928.182,"endTime":928.872,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":928.872,"endTime":928.932,"body":"You"},{"startTime":928.932,"endTime":929.112,"body":"know,"},{"startTime":929.262,"endTime":930.882,"body":"and it would be an impressive view"},{"startTime":931.302,"endTime":931.872,"body":"it, yeah."},{"startTime":932.592,"endTime":934.752,"body":"Of the, the storms raging below."},{"startTime":934.782,"endTime":935.052,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":935.052,"endTime":938.532,"body":"I mean, especially if a"},{"startTime":935.052,"endTime":938.532,"body":"space travels fairly mundane."},{"startTime":938.532,"endTime":942.527,"body":"If you have really cheap and efficient"},{"startTime":938.532,"endTime":942.527,"body":"fusion power or you know, potentially"},{"startTime":942.527,"endTime":946.842,"body":"even something else, and, and you can go"},{"startTime":942.527,"endTime":946.842,"body":"to Venus for, for a vacation, I would go."},{"startTime":947.157,"endTime":947.217,"body":"I"},{"startTime":947.787,"endTime":948.387,"body":"mean, yeah, dude."},{"startTime":948.387,"endTime":948.567,"body":"I,"},{"startTime":948.627,"endTime":949.287,"body":"yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":949.287,"endTime":951.567,"body":"So yeah, who knows, maybe"},{"startTime":949.287,"endTime":951.567,"body":"that could be the case for it."},{"startTime":951.927,"endTime":955.197,"body":"Uh, not gonna be your first settlement,"},{"startTime":951.927,"endTime":955.197,"body":"obviously, but potentially, uh, there"},{"startTime":955.197,"endTime":958.077,"body":"could be some there realistically, as"},{"startTime":955.197,"endTime":958.077,"body":"with most things, first settlements"},{"startTime":958.077,"endTime":961.167,"body":"would probably be for science and,"},{"startTime":958.077,"endTime":961.167,"body":"and research, uh, if we did that."},{"startTime":961.223,"endTime":962.948,"body":"but to answer your question,"},{"startTime":961.223,"endTime":962.948,"body":"yeah, you, you're gonna have."},{"startTime":963.758,"endTime":966.608,"body":"Way more O'Neill cylinders in other"},{"startTime":963.758,"endTime":966.608,"body":"space habitats than you ever will,"},{"startTime":966.608,"endTime":968.108,"body":"I think of cloud cities on Venus,"},{"startTime":968.288,"endTime":968.828,"body":"of course."},{"startTime":968.888,"endTime":972.935,"body":"But, I think that you do, definitely"},{"startTime":968.888,"endTime":972.935,"body":"bring up a, a good point there of well, we"},{"startTime":972.935,"endTime":974.945,"body":"might do it because, just because we can."},{"startTime":974.975,"endTime":975.215,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":975.452,"endTime":978.808,"body":"and, um, that, brings up another thing"},{"startTime":975.452,"endTime":978.808,"body":"for me, which is, uh, I know that"},{"startTime":978.808,"endTime":983.308,"body":"you mentioned earlier, um, our next"},{"startTime":978.808,"endTime":983.308,"body":"option for it would be terraforming."},{"startTime":983.398,"endTime":983.848,"body":"Absolutely."},{"startTime":983.848,"endTime":983.998,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":984.178,"endTime":984.478,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":984.478,"endTime":986.878,"body":"Turning it into a planet like Earth."},{"startTime":986.968,"endTime":987.268,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":987.268,"endTime":990.178,"body":"Somewhere that we can call a second home."},{"startTime":990.733,"endTime":994.085,"body":"And, uh, and that that with it"},{"startTime":990.733,"endTime":994.085,"body":"brings some value, you know, against,"},{"startTime":994.085,"endTime":997.297,"body":"the complete utter annihilation"},{"startTime":994.085,"endTime":997.297,"body":"of our planet by a large asteroid."},{"startTime":997.307,"endTime":1000.363,"body":"trying to mess with different BioD"},{"startTime":997.307,"endTime":1000.363,"body":"diversities and raise them up in"},{"startTime":1000.363,"endTime":1004.023,"body":"a planet similar to earth to test"},{"startTime":1000.363,"endTime":1004.023,"body":"things on the main planet, but"},{"startTime":1004.023,"endTime":1005.613,"body":"that, that's a massive undertaking."},{"startTime":1005.703,"endTime":1006.153,"body":"It is."},{"startTime":1006.153,"endTime":1009.213,"body":"And there is one thing I want to point"},{"startTime":1006.153,"endTime":1009.213,"body":"out, which is that you said it would"},{"startTime":1009.213,"endTime":1011.883,"body":"protect us and it would give us an"},{"startTime":1009.213,"endTime":1011.883,"body":"alternative planet as like a safety net."},{"startTime":1012.152,"endTime":1013.19,"body":"like an asteroid strike."},{"startTime":1013.22,"endTime":1016.64,"body":"Although the issue is of course, if"},{"startTime":1013.22,"endTime":1016.64,"body":"you have the technology to terraform"},{"startTime":1016.64,"endTime":1020.463,"body":"a planet, uh, you're pretty much not"},{"startTime":1016.64,"endTime":1020.463,"body":"worried about any asteroid strikes or"},{"startTime":1020.463,"endTime":1023.9,"body":"your home planet's fairly impervious"},{"startTime":1020.463,"endTime":1023.9,"body":"to anything but, a solar system."},{"startTime":1023.96,"endTime":1025.58,"body":"Annihilating calamity, right?"},{"startTime":1025.7,"endTime":1026.0,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1026.06,"endTime":1026.27,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1026.27,"endTime":1029.15,"body":"So if you can terraform Venus,"},{"startTime":1026.27,"endTime":1029.15,"body":"you can fix all of the atmospheric"},{"startTime":1029.15,"endTime":1029.9,"body":"problems you have on Earth."},{"startTime":1029.9,"endTime":1033.47,"body":"You can fix global warming, and you"},{"startTime":1029.9,"endTime":1033.47,"body":"can definitely stop an asteroid strike."},{"startTime":1033.47,"endTime":1033.86,"body":"So."},{"startTime":1034.25,"endTime":1037.82,"body":"I don't really necessarily buy"},{"startTime":1034.25,"endTime":1037.82,"body":"terraforming any planet as like a backup."},{"startTime":1037.85,"endTime":1038.48,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1038.75,"endTime":1040.94,"body":"Um, but that's not to say that it's"},{"startTime":1038.75,"endTime":1040.94,"body":"not something you would wanna do."},{"startTime":1041.09,"endTime":1043.73,"body":"And you know, you did allude to the main"},{"startTime":1041.09,"endTime":1043.73,"body":"reason you'd want to do it, which is"},{"startTime":1043.73,"endTime":1047.99,"body":"that it has earth-like gravity, which"},{"startTime":1043.73,"endTime":1047.99,"body":"is already one of the things that would"},{"startTime":1047.99,"endTime":1049.34,"body":"be really hard to control with Mars."},{"startTime":1049.34,"endTime":1049.55,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":1049.55,"endTime":1052.43,"body":"Like we can terraform Mars, we"},{"startTime":1049.55,"endTime":1052.43,"body":"can build up an atmosphere, we"},{"startTime":1052.43,"endTime":1055.26,"body":"can give it a magnetosphere, do"},{"startTime":1052.43,"endTime":1055.26,"body":"an artificial magnetosphere, but"},{"startTime":1055.29,"endTime":1057.12,"body":"the gravity is very hard to fix."},{"startTime":1057.12,"endTime":1057.39,"body":"You."},{"startTime":1057.39,"endTime":1061.23,"body":"You would need to effectively add"},{"startTime":1057.39,"endTime":1061.23,"body":"another Mars to the planet in order to."},{"startTime":1061.665,"endTime":1062.715,"body":"Get the gravity you need."},{"startTime":1062.715,"endTime":1064.065,"body":"And that's really hard to change."},{"startTime":1064.125,"endTime":1064.395,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1064.485,"endTime":1066.225,"body":"That's something that we"},{"startTime":1064.485,"endTime":1066.225,"body":"already have here on Venus."},{"startTime":1066.465,"endTime":1066.722,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":1066.785,"endTime":1070.348,"body":"And that's, like you said, is probably"},{"startTime":1066.785,"endTime":1070.348,"body":"the biggest factor that, that we can"},{"startTime":1070.348,"endTime":1076.048,"body":"replicate our gravity, know that we can"},{"startTime":1070.348,"endTime":1076.048,"body":"have colonies there that are having, you"},{"startTime":1076.048,"endTime":1080.518,"body":"know, children and families that are able"},{"startTime":1076.048,"endTime":1080.518,"body":"to develop normally, not under the strain"},{"startTime":1080.518,"endTime":1083.068,"body":"of only having 40% of earth gravity."},{"startTime":1083.128,"endTime":1083.908,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":1084.388,"endTime":1086.008,"body":"As for how you would"},{"startTime":1084.388,"endTime":1086.008,"body":"actually go about doing it."},{"startTime":1086.055,"endTime":1086.98,"body":"there's some options."},{"startTime":1087.01,"endTime":1087.16,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1087.49,"endTime":1089.38,"body":"Uh, I'm happy to dive into it"},{"startTime":1087.49,"endTime":1089.38,"body":"unless you want to handle it."},{"startTime":1089.547,"endTime":1092.997,"body":"I think that we could both cover"},{"startTime":1089.547,"endTime":1092.997,"body":"some, of course, the, uh, one that"},{"startTime":1092.997,"endTime":1097.107,"body":"I was researching would be to take"},{"startTime":1092.997,"endTime":1097.107,"body":"from its neighbor, uh, mercury."},{"startTime":1097.227,"endTime":1101.314,"body":"We could steal calcium from the surface,"},{"startTime":1097.227,"endTime":1101.314,"body":"launch it, off the surface because"},{"startTime":1101.314,"endTime":1104.464,"body":"it's smaller planet, it would be"},{"startTime":1101.314,"endTime":1104.464,"body":"easier to just use mass driver systems."},{"startTime":1104.869,"endTime":1108.289,"body":"Shoot it into the atmosphere of"},{"startTime":1104.869,"endTime":1108.289,"body":"Venus crashed into the planet, and"},{"startTime":1108.289,"endTime":1111.774,"body":"then the calcium would mix with"},{"startTime":1108.289,"endTime":1111.774,"body":"the, carbon in the atmosphere and"},{"startTime":1111.774,"endTime":1113.544,"body":"turn into an element that settles."},{"startTime":1113.844,"endTime":1113.964,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1113.994,"endTime":1114.684,"body":"Calcium carbonate."},{"startTime":1114.684,"endTime":1114.774,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":1114.774,"endTime":1115.554,"body":"Calcium carbonate."},{"startTime":1115.584,"endTime":1115.794,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1115.794,"endTime":1116.184,"body":"Exactly."},{"startTime":1116.184,"endTime":1117.474,"body":"I, so I'm not familiar with this."},{"startTime":1117.474,"endTime":1120.294,"body":"I know you mentioned it shortly"},{"startTime":1117.474,"endTime":1120.294,"body":"when we were setting up to record."},{"startTime":1120.475,"endTime":1123.211,"body":"so basically what you just told me is"},{"startTime":1120.475,"endTime":1123.211,"body":"all I know about it, interestingly,"},{"startTime":1123.211,"endTime":1127.411,"body":"there's been some ideas of using, uh,"},{"startTime":1123.211,"endTime":1127.411,"body":"a similar process of using calcium and."},{"startTime":1127.756,"endTime":1130.756,"body":"Allowing it to turn into calcium carbonate"},{"startTime":1127.756,"endTime":1130.756,"body":"to remove carbon dioxide here on Earth."},{"startTime":1130.966,"endTime":1132.376,"body":"Mm. To help mitigate global warming."},{"startTime":1132.736,"endTime":1133.066,"body":"And so."},{"startTime":1133.861,"endTime":1135.091,"body":"The idea of taking it from Mercury."},{"startTime":1135.091,"endTime":1136.651,"body":"Now, I will fully admit my ignorance here."},{"startTime":1136.651,"endTime":1137.221,"body":"I'm not sure."},{"startTime":1137.431,"endTime":1139.621,"body":"I'm guessing you already did the"},{"startTime":1137.431,"endTime":1139.621,"body":"research and you know, there's a"},{"startTime":1139.621,"endTime":1141.031,"body":"ton of calcium just on mercury."},{"startTime":1141.091,"endTime":1141.481,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":1141.841,"endTime":1143.491,"body":"Believe it or not, I don't"},{"startTime":1141.841,"endTime":1143.491,"body":"know the composition of every"},{"startTime":1143.491,"endTime":1144.481,"body":"planet off the top of my head."},{"startTime":1145.471,"endTime":1146.341,"body":"Um, so no."},{"startTime":1146.341,"endTime":1147.927,"body":"Yeah, it's an interesting, proposition."},{"startTime":1147.927,"endTime":1150.597,"body":"So I guess the point is, right,"},{"startTime":1147.927,"endTime":1150.597,"body":"you take all this calcium, bring"},{"startTime":1150.597,"endTime":1153.597,"body":"it into the Venetian atmosphere,"},{"startTime":1150.597,"endTime":1153.597,"body":"it turns into calcium carbonate,"},{"startTime":1153.597,"endTime":1154.647,"body":"and then you ship it off planet."},{"startTime":1155.127,"endTime":1155.577,"body":"Is that, uh, right?"},{"startTime":1155.577,"endTime":1158.067,"body":"And you, we could either"},{"startTime":1155.577,"endTime":1158.067,"body":"turn it into a moon."},{"startTime":1158.231,"endTime":1162.131,"body":"And use it for its material because it's"},{"startTime":1158.231,"endTime":1162.131,"body":"a, essentially a moon made out of carbon."},{"startTime":1162.371,"endTime":1165.371,"body":"Um, that we can then separate"},{"startTime":1162.371,"endTime":1165.371,"body":"back into carbon and calcium."},{"startTime":1165.431,"endTime":1168.011,"body":"I'm not entirely sure of the"},{"startTime":1165.431,"endTime":1168.011,"body":"chemistry, but if we're terraforming"},{"startTime":1168.011,"endTime":1169.451,"body":"planets, I think that we can do it."},{"startTime":1169.811,"endTime":1172.061,"body":"Yeah, I mean, if you can get a"},{"startTime":1169.811,"endTime":1172.061,"body":"moon's worth of material to Venus"},{"startTime":1172.061,"endTime":1174.761,"body":"in the first place, probably not"},{"startTime":1172.061,"endTime":1174.761,"body":"too hard to get it off granted."},{"startTime":1174.821,"endTime":1177.465,"body":"Um, you have to fight against an"},{"startTime":1174.821,"endTime":1177.465,"body":"atmosphere, is always challenging,"},{"startTime":1177.795,"endTime":1181.278,"body":"although I am curious, do you"},{"startTime":1177.795,"endTime":1181.278,"body":"know how much calcium we need to"},{"startTime":1181.278,"endTime":1184.518,"body":"actually reduce the thickness of the"},{"startTime":1181.278,"endTime":1184.518,"body":"atmosphere to be one earth atmosphere?"},{"startTime":1184.983,"endTime":1188.283,"body":"The reason I'm asking is I'm just curious"},{"startTime":1184.983,"endTime":1188.283,"body":"if there's an avenue where you actually"},{"startTime":1188.283,"endTime":1193.503,"body":"just leave the calcium carbonate on"},{"startTime":1188.283,"endTime":1193.503,"body":"venus's surface to reduce the atmosphere."},{"startTime":1193.503,"endTime":1196.953,"body":"That way you don't have to expend the"},{"startTime":1193.503,"endTime":1196.953,"body":"enormous amount of energy to then ship it"},{"startTime":1197.043,"endTime":1200.493,"body":"off of Venus, and then it also bolsters"},{"startTime":1197.043,"endTime":1200.493,"body":"the gravity a little bit and gets you"},{"startTime":1200.493,"endTime":1202.593,"body":"even closer to one earth normal gravity."},{"startTime":1203.013,"endTime":1206.823,"body":"Although my, my fear, of course is that"},{"startTime":1203.013,"endTime":1206.823,"body":"you actually need so much, uh, calcium"},{"startTime":1206.823,"endTime":1208.528,"body":"to do this, uh, that you overshoot."},{"startTime":1208.918,"endTime":1211.888,"body":"I'm actually not entirely sure"},{"startTime":1208.918,"endTime":1211.888,"body":"what it, we would need to, to"},{"startTime":1211.888,"endTime":1212.998,"body":"do to get it to that point."},{"startTime":1213.148,"endTime":1213.328,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1213.328,"endTime":1215.751,"body":"Well, I mean, if there is enough"},{"startTime":1213.328,"endTime":1215.751,"body":"calcium on mercury, then it's only"},{"startTime":1215.751,"endTime":1219.081,"body":"a mercury's worth of calcium, which"},{"startTime":1215.751,"endTime":1219.081,"body":"obviously Mercury isn't all calcium,"},{"startTime":1219.321,"endTime":1220.431,"body":"but it is a very small planet."},{"startTime":1220.431,"endTime":1222.651,"body":"So it's, it's probably not a ton"},{"startTime":1220.431,"endTime":1222.651,"body":"that you would actually need."},{"startTime":1222.757,"endTime":1224.955,"body":"when you were researching this,"},{"startTime":1222.757,"endTime":1224.955,"body":"is there enough calcium on."},{"startTime":1225.435,"endTime":1225.795,"body":"Mercury."},{"startTime":1225.855,"endTime":1226.215,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":1226.215,"endTime":1229.395,"body":"What I was reading because I read"},{"startTime":1226.215,"endTime":1229.395,"body":"two different articles and one said,"},{"startTime":1229.425,"endTime":1233.215,"body":"it was using calcium and another"},{"startTime":1229.425,"endTime":1233.215,"body":"material that was located on mercury"},{"startTime":1233.215,"endTime":1236.845,"body":"that both can sequester the carbon"},{"startTime":1233.215,"endTime":1236.845,"body":"dioxide outta the atmosphere."},{"startTime":1237.205,"endTime":1241.285,"body":"But they said that, uh, you would only"},{"startTime":1237.205,"endTime":1241.285,"body":"need the calcium and not even all of it."},{"startTime":1241.375,"endTime":1241.705,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1241.705,"endTime":1242.485,"body":"So yeah."},{"startTime":1242.485,"endTime":1245.065,"body":"Then, you know, potentially you"},{"startTime":1242.485,"endTime":1245.065,"body":"don't even need to build a moon."},{"startTime":1245.385,"endTime":1246.405,"body":"Which you would be nice."},{"startTime":1246.405,"endTime":1248.075,"body":"'cause if I'm not,"},{"startTime":1246.405,"endTime":1248.075,"body":"there's no moon for Venus."},{"startTime":1248.285,"endTime":1248.555,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1248.615,"endTime":1249.935,"body":"Having a moon would be nice."},{"startTime":1249.995,"endTime":1251.105,"body":"Uh, maybe we want one."},{"startTime":1251.375,"endTime":1252.335,"body":"Uh, it does a lot of things."},{"startTime":1252.335,"endTime":1254.211,"body":"It stabilize the planet's spin axis."},{"startTime":1254.481,"endTime":1257.931,"body":"So perhaps you do want a moon, especially"},{"startTime":1254.481,"endTime":1257.931,"body":"if you're gonna make it more earthlike."},{"startTime":1258.321,"endTime":1261.328,"body":"Having a massive moon is obviously,"},{"startTime":1258.321,"endTime":1261.328,"body":"prerequisite to be earth-like,"},{"startTime":1261.391,"endTime":1263.615,"body":"or I still like the idea of"},{"startTime":1261.391,"endTime":1263.615,"body":"just leaving it on planet."},{"startTime":1263.925,"endTime":1265.365,"body":"Letting it sequester all that carbon."},{"startTime":1265.365,"endTime":1269.055,"body":"And then not only do you now not have"},{"startTime":1265.365,"endTime":1269.055,"body":"to ship it off planet and spend a"},{"startTime":1269.055,"endTime":1273.255,"body":"bunch of energy doing that, but uh, you"},{"startTime":1269.055,"endTime":1273.255,"body":"actually get closer to one Earth gravity."},{"startTime":1273.365,"endTime":1275.075,"body":"maybe a little above, maybe"},{"startTime":1273.365,"endTime":1275.075,"body":"a little below, but yeah,"},{"startTime":1275.105,"endTime":1276.035,"body":"that's an interesting one."},{"startTime":1276.095,"endTime":1277.295,"body":"Yeah, it definitely is."},{"startTime":1277.295,"endTime":1281.525,"body":"But after what you talked to me about,"},{"startTime":1277.295,"endTime":1281.525,"body":"I think it is the harder of two options."},{"startTime":1281.705,"endTime":1284.225,"body":"Well, to be fair, I hadn't thought"},{"startTime":1281.705,"endTime":1284.225,"body":"about the idea of actually just"},{"startTime":1284.225,"endTime":1288.365,"body":"leaving the calcium on the planet,"},{"startTime":1284.225,"endTime":1288.365,"body":"which, if you can do that, is"},{"startTime":1288.455,"endTime":1292.655,"body":"hugely beneficial because Venus is"},{"startTime":1288.455,"endTime":1292.655,"body":"slightly less than one Earth gravity."},{"startTime":1292.655,"endTime":1293.075,"body":"So."},{"startTime":1293.405,"endTime":1298.145,"body":"Maybe it is the harder of, of two, but"},{"startTime":1293.405,"endTime":1298.145,"body":"I, if you can leave it on, on planet and"},{"startTime":1298.145,"endTime":1300.125,"body":"actually get more gravity, maybe not,"},{"startTime":1300.245,"endTime":1303.965,"body":"well, slightly less than one Earth gravity"},{"startTime":1300.245,"endTime":1303.965,"body":"could end up being beneficial as well,"},{"startTime":1304.025,"endTime":1304.565,"body":"possibly."},{"startTime":1304.625,"endTime":1306.005,"body":"But yeah, I do like that idea."},{"startTime":1306.118,"endTime":1308.661,"body":"the other avenue, of course,"},{"startTime":1306.118,"endTime":1308.661,"body":"that I was talking about that"},{"startTime":1308.691,"endTime":1309.711,"body":"you are just referencing mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1310.131,"endTime":1311.091,"body":"Is slightly different."},{"startTime":1311.391,"endTime":1314.931,"body":"Instead of shipping a material"},{"startTime":1311.391,"endTime":1314.931,"body":"like calcium to sequester the"},{"startTime":1314.931,"endTime":1318.365,"body":"atmosphere, what you can actually"},{"startTime":1314.931,"endTime":1318.365,"body":"do is you can actually, block."},{"startTime":1318.42,"endTime":1321.54,"body":"The sun from reaching Venus, and you"},{"startTime":1318.42,"endTime":1321.54,"body":"would do this with a solar shade."},{"startTime":1321.643,"endTime":1325.812,"body":"probably in the L one LaGrange"},{"startTime":1321.643,"endTime":1325.812,"body":"point, which , every two body system"},{"startTime":1325.812,"endTime":1327.072,"body":"will have five LaGrange points."},{"startTime":1327.072,"endTime":1328.752,"body":"I think I've given this"},{"startTime":1327.072,"endTime":1328.752,"body":"explanation before."},{"startTime":1328.812,"endTime":1328.902,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1329.142,"endTime":1332.082,"body":"There are essentially stable points"},{"startTime":1329.142,"endTime":1332.082,"body":"in the orbit, uh, where the gravity"},{"startTime":1332.082,"endTime":1334.992,"body":"cancels out, and you can put something"},{"startTime":1332.082,"endTime":1334.992,"body":"there and it will track the planet."},{"startTime":1334.992,"endTime":1338.202,"body":"So normally if you were to"},{"startTime":1334.992,"endTime":1338.202,"body":"try to put something in orbit"},{"startTime":1338.202,"endTime":1339.707,"body":"between Venus and the sun."},{"startTime":1340.025,"endTime":1343.055,"body":"Necessarily because it exists closer"},{"startTime":1340.025,"endTime":1343.055,"body":"to the sun, it would orbit faster."},{"startTime":1343.325,"endTime":1344.825,"body":"But in LaGrange point,"},{"startTime":1343.325,"endTime":1344.825,"body":"that's not the case."},{"startTime":1344.825,"endTime":1346.025,"body":"It'll actually track with Venus."},{"startTime":1346.535,"endTime":1350.615,"body":"Uh, so if you put a giant solar shade in"},{"startTime":1346.535,"endTime":1350.615,"body":"the L one LaGrange point and completely"},{"startTime":1350.615,"endTime":1354.455,"body":"block all of the sunlight hitting Venus,"},{"startTime":1350.615,"endTime":1354.455,"body":"then what'll actually happen is that"},{"startTime":1354.455,"endTime":1356.375,"body":"the atmosphere will start to condense."},{"startTime":1356.855,"endTime":1360.575,"body":"Eventually it will turn into liquid"},{"startTime":1356.855,"endTime":1360.575,"body":"carbon dioxide, and if you continue"},{"startTime":1360.575,"endTime":1363.485,"body":"blocking the solar radiation, it'll"},{"startTime":1360.575,"endTime":1363.485,"body":"actually turn into solid carbon"},{"startTime":1363.485,"endTime":1365.645,"body":"dioxide, which we know is dry ice."},{"startTime":1366.005,"endTime":1367.385,"body":"At that point, you have a few options."},{"startTime":1367.385,"endTime":1368.705,"body":"You can ship it off planet."},{"startTime":1369.2,"endTime":1371.42,"body":"Potentially to somewhere like Mars"},{"startTime":1369.2,"endTime":1371.42,"body":"where you actually need to build"},{"startTime":1371.42,"endTime":1373.13,"body":"up an atmosphere to Terraform."},{"startTime":1373.13,"endTime":1374.66,"body":"So there is a kind of two for one deal."},{"startTime":1374.9,"endTime":1379.01,"body":"You can split the carbon from the oxygen"},{"startTime":1374.9,"endTime":1379.01,"body":"and then that gives you some oxygen"},{"startTime":1379.01,"endTime":1381.77,"body":"to build up the oxygen atmosphere that"},{"startTime":1379.01,"endTime":1381.77,"body":"you would need to make it earth-like."},{"startTime":1382.13,"endTime":1385.43,"body":"And then potentially use the carbon"},{"startTime":1382.13,"endTime":1385.43,"body":"for something like carbon nanotubes."},{"startTime":1385.43,"endTime":1387.68,"body":"A lot of the times we talk"},{"startTime":1385.43,"endTime":1387.68,"body":"about building space habitats."},{"startTime":1387.98,"endTime":1390.65,"body":"We, we talk about doing 'em with"},{"startTime":1387.98,"endTime":1390.65,"body":"carbon nanotubes and structures"},{"startTime":1390.65,"endTime":1393.38,"body":"like McKendry cylinders, which"},{"startTime":1390.65,"endTime":1393.38,"body":"is like the O'Neill cylinders."},{"startTime":1393.38,"endTime":1397.25,"body":"Bigger brother actually rely on carbon"},{"startTime":1393.38,"endTime":1397.25,"body":"nanotubes and those can be quite big."},{"startTime":1397.775,"endTime":1401.075,"body":"Bishop rings also rely on carbon"},{"startTime":1397.775,"endTime":1401.075,"body":"nanotubes, and we do imagine that"},{"startTime":1401.075,"endTime":1404.435,"body":"there's a real use case for that"},{"startTime":1401.075,"endTime":1404.435,"body":"type of material in the future."},{"startTime":1404.435,"endTime":1407.885,"body":"So it's very possible that you would"},{"startTime":1404.435,"endTime":1407.885,"body":"want as much carbon as you could get."},{"startTime":1407.885,"endTime":1410.225,"body":"There could be a real pause for it."},{"startTime":1410.225,"endTime":1413.892,"body":"And potentially for a very advanced"},{"startTime":1410.225,"endTime":1413.892,"body":"civilization, you might terraform"},{"startTime":1413.892,"endTime":1417.192,"body":"the, the planet as just a byproduct"},{"startTime":1413.892,"endTime":1417.192,"body":"of harvesting all that carbon"},{"startTime":1417.192,"endTime":1418.422,"body":"dioxide from its atmosphere."},{"startTime":1418.422,"endTime":1422.042,"body":"Anyways, granted there's a lot of carbon"},{"startTime":1418.422,"endTime":1422.042,"body":"freely available and asteroids and stuff"},{"startTime":1422.042,"endTime":1423.542,"body":"like that that you would go to first, but."},{"startTime":1424.022,"endTime":1425.102,"body":"It's a real possibility."},{"startTime":1425.222,"endTime":1425.492,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1425.582,"endTime":1428.372,"body":"I mean, knocking out two birds"},{"startTime":1425.582,"endTime":1428.372,"body":"with one stone there could be"},{"startTime":1428.372,"endTime":1431.522,"body":"worth it to civilizations a little"},{"startTime":1428.372,"endTime":1431.522,"body":"bit more advanced than ours."},{"startTime":1431.522,"endTime":1432.542,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"startTime":1432.591,"endTime":1434.785,"body":"so that, or you could"},{"startTime":1432.591,"endTime":1434.785,"body":"potentially also pave over it."},{"startTime":1434.785,"endTime":1438.775,"body":"And if you can keep that, uh, carbon"},{"startTime":1434.785,"endTime":1438.775,"body":"dioxide under enough pressure, uh,"},{"startTime":1438.775,"endTime":1441.805,"body":"then even as you raise the temperature"},{"startTime":1438.775,"endTime":1441.805,"body":"back up, it would still say solid."},{"startTime":1441.985,"endTime":1443.365,"body":"Ooh, that's scary though."},{"startTime":1443.395,"endTime":1443.635,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1443.635,"endTime":1444.445,"body":"You know, that's a little"},{"startTime":1444.445,"endTime":1445.465,"body":"time bomb happening."},{"startTime":1445.795,"endTime":1447.465,"body":"I don't love that option."},{"startTime":1447.49,"endTime":1448.78,"body":"You need a lot of pressure to do it."},{"startTime":1448.78,"endTime":1452.08,"body":"And um, also with pressure comes"},{"startTime":1448.78,"endTime":1452.08,"body":"heat, so you, you end up changing the"},{"startTime":1452.08,"endTime":1452.77,"body":"mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1452.771,"endTime":1453.61,"body":"Uh, that phase diagram."},{"startTime":1453.61,"endTime":1455.47,"body":"But, uh, it is technically possible."},{"startTime":1455.47,"endTime":1457.57,"body":"Is there a lot of volcanic"},{"startTime":1455.47,"endTime":1457.57,"body":"activity on Mercury?"},{"startTime":1457.78,"endTime":1458.71,"body":"Uh, on"},{"startTime":1458.71,"endTime":1459.07,"body":"Venus?"},{"startTime":1459.505,"endTime":1460.536,"body":"I don't think so."},{"startTime":1460.536,"endTime":1462.006,"body":"Um, off the top of my head, I'm not sure."},{"startTime":1462.006,"endTime":1463.623,"body":"I mean, the whole plant's"},{"startTime":1462.006,"endTime":1463.623,"body":"basically a volcano."},{"startTime":1464.696,"endTime":1468.056,"body":"but so, you know, a drawback of Venus"},{"startTime":1464.696,"endTime":1468.056,"body":"that we forgot to talk about earlier is"},{"startTime":1468.056,"endTime":1470.67,"body":"that it doesn't have a magnetosphere,"},{"startTime":1468.056,"endTime":1470.67,"body":"which leads me to believe that, it"},{"startTime":1470.67,"endTime":1472.32,"body":"probably doesn't have a very active core."},{"startTime":1472.75,"endTime":1476.44,"body":"Probably not a lot of volcanism, not a"},{"startTime":1472.75,"endTime":1476.44,"body":"lot of volcanic activity, I would imagine."},{"startTime":1476.55,"endTime":1479.85,"body":"that is certainly one option to go"},{"startTime":1476.55,"endTime":1479.85,"body":"about it, free the planet, and then"},{"startTime":1479.85,"endTime":1483.57,"body":"scoop the atmosphere off, take it up to"},{"startTime":1479.85,"endTime":1483.57,"body":"space to use it as something else or."},{"startTime":1484.115,"endTime":1486.425,"body":"Keep it on planet, um,"},{"startTime":1484.115,"endTime":1486.425,"body":"and do whatever you want."},{"startTime":1486.725,"endTime":1487.055,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1487.235,"endTime":1490.385,"body":"You know, you could leave a couple"},{"startTime":1487.235,"endTime":1490.385,"body":"wellsprings of the carbon dioxide"},{"startTime":1490.385,"endTime":1492.755,"body":"underground though, and you"},{"startTime":1490.385,"endTime":1492.755,"body":"could build like soda shops on."},{"startTime":1492.755,"endTime":1492.845,"body":"Oh"},{"startTime":1492.845,"endTime":1493.685,"body":"my goodness gracious."},{"startTime":1494.555,"endTime":1496.205,"body":"Have some like artificially made geyser."},{"startTime":1496.745,"endTime":1497.584,"body":"Yes, that's right."},{"startTime":1497.584,"endTime":1500.869,"body":"so now we've gotten rid of all the"},{"startTime":1497.584,"endTime":1500.869,"body":"carbon dioxide and that leaves us"},{"startTime":1500.869,"endTime":1505.159,"body":"with another big problem of it's"},{"startTime":1500.869,"endTime":1505.159,"body":"still not an oxygen rich atmosphere."},{"startTime":1505.159,"endTime":1506.329,"body":"It's mostly nitrogen."},{"startTime":1506.449,"endTime":1507.259,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":1507.259,"endTime":1509.959,"body":"And so really what you would"},{"startTime":1507.259,"endTime":1509.959,"body":"need to do is, one of the options"},{"startTime":1509.959,"endTime":1511.009,"body":"I mentioned was of course."},{"startTime":1511.104,"endTime":1514.3,"body":"Stripping the carbon dioxide"},{"startTime":1511.104,"endTime":1514.3,"body":"turning into two and then carbon."},{"startTime":1514.3,"endTime":1514.48,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1514.75,"endTime":1517.39,"body":"Uh, which could be a"},{"startTime":1514.75,"endTime":1517.39,"body":"source of, of your oxygen."},{"startTime":1517.66,"endTime":1521.08,"body":"And you would still probably need"},{"startTime":1517.66,"endTime":1521.08,"body":"to, I imagine, import some nitrogen"},{"startTime":1521.08,"endTime":1525.43,"body":"to get one atmosphere of pressure,"},{"startTime":1521.08,"endTime":1525.43,"body":"um, with oxygen or, or not."},{"startTime":1525.43,"endTime":1527.08,"body":"I mean, the, the planet's"},{"startTime":1525.43,"endTime":1527.08,"body":"so thick, even though."},{"startTime":1527.425,"endTime":1530.425,"body":"Nitrogen's a very small"},{"startTime":1527.425,"endTime":1530.425,"body":"component of Venus's atmosphere."},{"startTime":1530.425,"endTime":1533.275,"body":"I'm fairly certain there's actually still"},{"startTime":1530.425,"endTime":1533.275,"body":"more nitrogen on Venus than on earth."},{"startTime":1533.515,"endTime":1533.785,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1533.926,"endTime":1537.376,"body":"definitely could be a way, uh, a way"},{"startTime":1533.926,"endTime":1537.376,"body":"that I was researching is one that's"},{"startTime":1537.586,"endTime":1541.636,"body":"very, very simple, very organic,"},{"startTime":1537.586,"endTime":1541.636,"body":"is just nitrogen consuming algae."},{"startTime":1541.966,"endTime":1542.266,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1542.716,"endTime":1547.066,"body":"Um, they produce oxygen rich atmospheres"},{"startTime":1542.716,"endTime":1547.066,"body":"and a lot of scientists speculate"},{"startTime":1547.066,"endTime":1550.676,"body":"that they were some of the first"},{"startTime":1547.066,"endTime":1550.676,"body":"organisms that were able to produce an"},{"startTime":1550.676,"endTime":1552.582,"body":"oxygen rich atmosphere for the earth."},{"startTime":1552.698,"endTime":1554.408,"body":"I mean, that's how Earth's"},{"startTime":1552.698,"endTime":1554.408,"body":"atmosphere was created."},{"startTime":1554.408,"endTime":1556.238,"body":"It was mostly a carbon"},{"startTime":1554.408,"endTime":1556.238,"body":"dioxide rich atmosphere."},{"startTime":1556.238,"endTime":1559.736,"body":"You had all these ano bacteria come,"},{"startTime":1556.238,"endTime":1559.736,"body":"they worked through aerobic processes."},{"startTime":1559.736,"endTime":1562.166,"body":"They, of course let oxygen"},{"startTime":1559.736,"endTime":1562.166,"body":"off as a, as a byproduct."},{"startTime":1562.166,"endTime":1563.683,"body":"And then they famously, basically."},{"startTime":1563.81,"endTime":1564.83,"body":"Poisoned themselves."},{"startTime":1564.83,"endTime":1568.46,"body":"They, they turned all this very"},{"startTime":1564.83,"endTime":1568.46,"body":"for them, carbon dioxide, rich,"},{"startTime":1568.49,"endTime":1571.19,"body":"beautiful atmosphere, what they"},{"startTime":1568.49,"endTime":1571.19,"body":"needed to live into this very"},{"startTime":1571.19,"endTime":1574.19,"body":"poisoned, oxygen rich atmosphere,"},{"startTime":1571.19,"endTime":1574.19,"body":"which the ended up killing them."},{"startTime":1574.58,"endTime":1578.087,"body":"Um, so yeah, that is an interesting,"},{"startTime":1574.58,"endTime":1578.087,"body":"a pathway and that's fair."},{"startTime":1578.087,"endTime":1580.877,"body":"I like that you still would, you know,"},{"startTime":1578.087,"endTime":1580.877,"body":"obviously wanna leave some carbon"},{"startTime":1580.877,"endTime":1582.737,"body":"dioxide in for them to turn it into."},{"startTime":1582.827,"endTime":1582.917,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1583.157,"endTime":1583.727,"body":"If that makes sense."},{"startTime":1583.727,"endTime":1585.197,"body":"You would wanna stop"},{"startTime":1583.727,"endTime":1585.197,"body":"at like one atmosphere."},{"startTime":1585.842,"endTime":1588.362,"body":"Um, also there is another way"},{"startTime":1585.842,"endTime":1588.362,"body":"you can terraform that I, I"},{"startTime":1588.362,"endTime":1589.562,"body":"did wanna touch on as well."},{"startTime":1589.652,"endTime":1590.222,"body":"Oh, okay."},{"startTime":1590.312,"endTime":1592.172,"body":"Well, we mentioned you"},{"startTime":1590.312,"endTime":1592.172,"body":"can cool down the planet,"},{"startTime":1592.382,"endTime":1592.652,"body":"right."},{"startTime":1592.802,"endTime":1593.822,"body":"And freeze the atmosphere."},{"startTime":1593.879,"endTime":1594.839,"body":"You can go the other way too."},{"startTime":1595.11,"endTime":1596.49,"body":"Turn it into a plasma."},{"startTime":1596.79,"endTime":1600.21,"body":"Uh, you don't need to go that"},{"startTime":1596.79,"endTime":1600.21,"body":"hot, but essentially, yeah."},{"startTime":1600.21,"endTime":1603.57,"body":"If instead of freezing the atmosphere"},{"startTime":1600.21,"endTime":1603.57,"body":"and condensing it, what you can"},{"startTime":1603.57,"endTime":1606.06,"body":"actually do is you can, instead"},{"startTime":1603.57,"endTime":1606.06,"body":"of putting a solar shade mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1606.63,"endTime":1611.64,"body":"You can put giant orbital mirrors to"},{"startTime":1606.63,"endTime":1611.64,"body":"reflect more sunlight onto the planet."},{"startTime":1612.105,"endTime":1614.985,"body":"Because when the planet gets"},{"startTime":1612.105,"endTime":1614.985,"body":"hot, then the atmosphere is more"},{"startTime":1614.985,"endTime":1616.275,"body":"likely to be stripped by the sun."},{"startTime":1616.545,"endTime":1620.205,"body":"So if you direct more sun to it, you can"},{"startTime":1616.545,"endTime":1620.205,"body":"actually strip the atmosphere that way."},{"startTime":1620.865,"endTime":1621.165,"body":"I see."},{"startTime":1621.165,"endTime":1625.382,"body":"And so you effectively just blast Venus"},{"startTime":1621.165,"endTime":1625.382,"body":"with the sun, for a very long time until"},{"startTime":1625.382,"endTime":1628.082,"body":"all of the atmosphere gets stripped off,"},{"startTime":1625.382,"endTime":1628.082,"body":"or at least most of it gets stripped off."},{"startTime":1628.532,"endTime":1630.602,"body":"And then you, you know,"},{"startTime":1628.532,"endTime":1630.602,"body":"remove the mirrors, let it"},{"startTime":1630.602,"endTime":1631.952,"body":"cool down, and there you go."},{"startTime":1632.297,"endTime":1636.767,"body":"You know, that could be more effective"},{"startTime":1632.297,"endTime":1636.767,"body":"because of how thick its atmosphere is."},{"startTime":1636.947,"endTime":1640.967,"body":"Its diminishment of its heat"},{"startTime":1636.947,"endTime":1640.967,"body":"on its surface of us freezing."},{"startTime":1640.967,"endTime":1643.637,"body":"It would take decades,"},{"startTime":1640.967,"endTime":1643.637,"body":"like like 40 or 50 years."},{"startTime":1643.727,"endTime":1645.827,"body":"I mean, at this point, a"},{"startTime":1643.727,"endTime":1645.827,"body":"decade is a blink in the eye."},{"startTime":1645.827,"endTime":1646.817,"body":"This is a whole process."},{"startTime":1646.817,"endTime":1648.887,"body":"No matter how you do, it's"},{"startTime":1646.817,"endTime":1648.887,"body":"gonna take thousands of years."},{"startTime":1648.887,"endTime":1649.337,"body":"So."},{"startTime":1649.682,"endTime":1652.502,"body":"It's really not a, that's"},{"startTime":1649.682,"endTime":1652.502,"body":"not a too big of a concern."},{"startTime":1652.592,"endTime":1652.862,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":1652.922,"endTime":1655.232,"body":"But if we hit it with the"},{"startTime":1652.922,"endTime":1655.232,"body":"mirrors, it might only take 30."},{"startTime":1655.532,"endTime":1656.552,"body":"That saves 20 years."},{"startTime":1656.822,"endTime":1657.572,"body":"No, no, no."},{"startTime":1658.502,"endTime":1662.102,"body":"Even directing it with, uh, with mirrors"},{"startTime":1658.502,"endTime":1662.102,"body":"is still gonna take tens of thousands"},{"startTime":1662.102,"endTime":1663.542,"body":"of years likely to strip the atmosphere."},{"startTime":1663.542,"endTime":1665.042,"body":"Atmosphere stripped very slowly."},{"startTime":1665.372,"endTime":1668.012,"body":"So even if you just blast it"},{"startTime":1665.372,"endTime":1668.012,"body":"with the sun, it's gonna, it's"},{"startTime":1668.012,"endTime":1669.422,"body":"not gonna be a quick process."},{"startTime":1669.722,"endTime":1671.822,"body":"Tens of thousands to hundreds"},{"startTime":1669.722,"endTime":1671.822,"body":"of thousands of years."},{"startTime":1672.152,"endTime":1672.422,"body":"Oh."},{"startTime":1672.801,"endTime":1676.491,"body":"Yeah, just to be clear, no planet's gonna"},{"startTime":1672.801,"endTime":1676.491,"body":"be terraformed on a human life scale or"},{"startTime":1676.491,"endTime":1680.871,"body":"even really even what we would consider"},{"startTime":1676.491,"endTime":1680.871,"body":"a civilizational life scale even faster."},{"startTime":1680.871,"endTime":1684.231,"body":"Terraforming methods are gonna be"},{"startTime":1680.871,"endTime":1684.231,"body":"longer than all of human history"},{"startTime":1684.231,"endTime":1686.391,"body":"right now, and that's why some"},{"startTime":1684.231,"endTime":1686.391,"body":"people think it's impossible."},{"startTime":1686.631,"endTime":1688.071,"body":"I personally don't think it's impossible."},{"startTime":1688.071,"endTime":1691.701,"body":"I think once you're at the point where"},{"startTime":1688.071,"endTime":1691.701,"body":"you're space bearing civilization, you,"},{"startTime":1691.701,"endTime":1693.951,"body":"you're gonna persist for a very long time."},{"startTime":1694.356,"endTime":1696.426,"body":"Uh, it's not a fast process"},{"startTime":1694.356,"endTime":1696.426,"body":"no matter what you do."},{"startTime":1696.726,"endTime":1696.996,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1696.996,"endTime":1701.316,"body":"And humans start projects that take"},{"startTime":1696.996,"endTime":1701.316,"body":"several generations to complete anyways."},{"startTime":1701.346,"endTime":1701.556,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1701.556,"endTime":1701.826,"body":"It's right."},{"startTime":1701.831,"endTime":1702.066,"body":"Right, right."},{"startTime":1702.066,"endTime":1703.806,"body":"Right now it's, it's nothing crazy."},{"startTime":1703.926,"endTime":1707.286,"body":"And us doing it for entire things"},{"startTime":1703.926,"endTime":1707.286,"body":"like creating a new planet, I, I"},{"startTime":1707.286,"endTime":1708.846,"body":"think is definitely very doable."},{"startTime":1708.906,"endTime":1708.996,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1708.996,"endTime":1711.589,"body":"It's like building a cathedral right"},{"startTime":1708.996,"endTime":1711.589,"body":"Back in the medieval ages, that"},{"startTime":1711.589,"endTime":1713.449,"body":"would take multiple generations."},{"startTime":1713.479,"endTime":1715.189,"body":"It's just that, but a little bit longer."},{"startTime":1715.399,"endTime":1715.699,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1715.824,"endTime":1716.244,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1716.704,"endTime":1718.399,"body":"Uh, but yeah, no, that's"},{"startTime":1716.704,"endTime":1718.399,"body":"certainly one approach."},{"startTime":1718.399,"endTime":1719.569,"body":"Just blast the planet."},{"startTime":1719.839,"endTime":1721.279,"body":"Um, let the planet cool down."},{"startTime":1721.279,"endTime":1721.879,"body":"And there you go."},{"startTime":1721.879,"endTime":1725.688,"body":"You got a, a nice, less thick"},{"startTime":1721.879,"endTime":1725.688,"body":"atmosphere and, uh, the plant's"},{"startTime":1725.688,"endTime":1727.068,"body":"already about where you want it to be."},{"startTime":1727.428,"endTime":1729.708,"body":"Uh, Venus is in the"},{"startTime":1727.428,"endTime":1729.708,"body":"habitable zone, by the way."},{"startTime":1729.738,"endTime":1732.738,"body":"It's in the inner edge of the"},{"startTime":1729.738,"endTime":1732.738,"body":"habitable zone, but it is in what we"},{"startTime":1732.738,"endTime":1734.028,"body":"would consider the goldilock zone."},{"startTime":1734.028,"endTime":1734.918,"body":"So it's already where we want it."},{"startTime":1735.558,"endTime":1737.598,"body":"The only other thing you really"},{"startTime":1735.558,"endTime":1737.598,"body":"have to deal with is that"},{"startTime":1737.598,"endTime":1739.098,"body":"it doesn't spin fast enough."},{"startTime":1739.548,"endTime":1742.908,"body":"Venus's day is actually"},{"startTime":1739.548,"endTime":1742.908,"body":"longer than its year."},{"startTime":1743.358,"endTime":1744.738,"body":"The planet spins so slowly."},{"startTime":1744.985,"endTime":1747.625,"body":"Oh, that would be very"},{"startTime":1744.985,"endTime":1747.625,"body":"uncomfortable on either side."},{"startTime":1747.835,"endTime":1748.225,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1748.225,"endTime":1750.445,"body":"So you're gonna have to deal with that."},{"startTime":1750.445,"endTime":1751.975,"body":"So you've got two options."},{"startTime":1752.035,"endTime":1755.365,"body":"Option one is you just gotta"},{"startTime":1752.035,"endTime":1755.365,"body":"spend the planet faster."},{"startTime":1755.815,"endTime":1760.015,"body":"Uh, which is tricky to say the least, but"},{"startTime":1755.815,"endTime":1760.015,"body":"it, you know, when you're talking about"},{"startTime":1760.345,"endTime":1763.945,"body":"stripping atmospheres and potentially"},{"startTime":1760.345,"endTime":1763.945,"body":"building entire moons to go with it."},{"startTime":1764.215,"endTime":1768.25,"body":"You, you probably have the technology"},{"startTime":1764.215,"endTime":1768.25,"body":"for, uh, option two though is if for some"},{"startTime":1768.25,"endTime":1771.61,"body":"reason you have the technology to strip"},{"startTime":1768.25,"endTime":1771.61,"body":"the atmosphere and rebuild the whole"},{"startTime":1771.61,"endTime":1775.36,"body":"planet, but not the technology to spin"},{"startTime":1771.61,"endTime":1775.36,"body":"the planet faster, you could potentially"},{"startTime":1775.36,"endTime":1781.18,"body":"use orbital shades and mirrors, uh,"},{"startTime":1775.36,"endTime":1781.18,"body":"to deflect and reflect light, reflect"},{"startTime":1781.18,"endTime":1782.62,"body":"light to the dark side of the planet."},{"startTime":1783.175,"endTime":1785.875,"body":"Then deflect light from the light"},{"startTime":1783.175,"endTime":1785.875,"body":"side of the planet and just have that"},{"startTime":1785.875,"endTime":1789.235,"body":"in a 24 hour period and just really"},{"startTime":1785.875,"endTime":1789.235,"body":"customize whatever day you want."},{"startTime":1789.565,"endTime":1792.925,"body":"Uh, it might be a very complex setup"},{"startTime":1789.565,"endTime":1792.925,"body":"with some really, you know, a lot of"},{"startTime":1792.925,"endTime":1797.035,"body":"mirrors all orbiting and moving around"},{"startTime":1792.925,"endTime":1797.035,"body":"in the orbits to, to reflect light when"},{"startTime":1797.035,"endTime":1798.745,"body":"needed and deflect light when not needed."},{"startTime":1799.015,"endTime":1803.725,"body":"Uh, but it is certainly doable and,"},{"startTime":1799.015,"endTime":1803.725,"body":"and technically a lot easier than, uh,"},{"startTime":1803.725,"endTime":1805.435,"body":"of spinning the whole planet faster."},{"startTime":1805.435,"endTime":1806.635,"body":"But both options are viable."},{"startTime":1806.895,"endTime":1807.285,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1807.285,"endTime":1810.728,"body":"Yeah, I mean that's, It's definitely not,"},{"startTime":1807.285,"endTime":1810.728,"body":"not something that I thought about, but,"},{"startTime":1810.728,"endTime":1812.258,"body":"uh, I mean that, that would be great."},{"startTime":1812.348,"endTime":1816.008,"body":"It it, but it all just comes back to"},{"startTime":1812.348,"endTime":1816.008,"body":"that, that point of, if we're already"},{"startTime":1816.158,"endTime":1819.968,"body":"producing like, like this reflected"},{"startTime":1816.158,"endTime":1819.968,"body":"light onto the planet surface, I'd"},{"startTime":1819.968,"endTime":1821.708,"body":"rather just live in a new cylinder."},{"startTime":1821.979,"endTime":1822.189,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1822.189,"endTime":1823.269,"body":"That is always the issue, right?"},{"startTime":1823.269,"endTime":1825.609,"body":"And we come back to it time"},{"startTime":1823.269,"endTime":1825.609,"body":"and time and time again."},{"startTime":1825.609,"endTime":1829.569,"body":"It's why go through all this effort to"},{"startTime":1825.609,"endTime":1829.569,"body":"build this planet when you know you're"},{"startTime":1829.569,"endTime":1830.619,"body":"gonna live in an O'Neill cylinder."},{"startTime":1830.919,"endTime":1834.099,"body":"And I think our viewers probably"},{"startTime":1830.919,"endTime":1834.099,"body":"know my views of it very well."},{"startTime":1834.104,"endTime":1834.194,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1834.274,"endTime":1837.849,"body":"Which is the case that, you know, I"},{"startTime":1834.274,"endTime":1837.849,"body":"genuinely believe most of humanity will"},{"startTime":1837.849,"endTime":1841.899,"body":"reach a point where most of humanity lives"},{"startTime":1837.849,"endTime":1841.899,"body":"in space, in some type of space habitat."},{"startTime":1841.949,"endTime":1843.959,"body":"And that's the future you"},{"startTime":1841.949,"endTime":1843.959,"body":"see in works like the Culture"},{"startTime":1843.959,"endTime":1844.965,"body":"series from e and m Banks."},{"startTime":1845.032,"endTime":1848.362,"body":"I know I mentioned that earlier,"},{"startTime":1845.032,"endTime":1848.362,"body":"uh, which is a novel or really not a"},{"startTime":1848.362,"endTime":1851.362,"body":"novel, but a whole, uh, book series"},{"startTime":1848.362,"endTime":1851.362,"body":"that's near and dear to my heart."},{"startTime":1851.362,"endTime":1853.672,"body":"One of my favorite"},{"startTime":1851.362,"endTime":1853.672,"body":"science fiction universes."},{"startTime":1854.002,"endTime":1858.712,"body":"Uh, but planets are very rare in"},{"startTime":1854.002,"endTime":1858.712,"body":"this, in this series, they all live on"},{"startTime":1858.712,"endTime":1862.762,"body":"things they call orbitals, which are"},{"startTime":1858.712,"endTime":1862.762,"body":"basically giant, uh, ring habitats."},{"startTime":1862.792,"endTime":1867.322,"body":"Uh, we even talked about their orbitals"},{"startTime":1862.792,"endTime":1867.322,"body":"in our ring habitat and ring world."},{"startTime":1867.322,"endTime":1869.362,"body":"Uh, episode that was a few"},{"startTime":1867.322,"endTime":1869.362,"body":"episodes back, I believe."},{"startTime":1869.362,"endTime":1869.607,"body":"Not too many."},{"startTime":1870.412,"endTime":1874.372,"body":"Um, and I, I do agree with Ian in that,"},{"startTime":1870.412,"endTime":1874.372,"body":"in that depiction of humanity, I think"},{"startTime":1874.372,"endTime":1877.822,"body":"we'll eventually reach this crossover"},{"startTime":1874.372,"endTime":1877.822,"body":"point where you have more people in"},{"startTime":1877.822,"endTime":1880.102,"body":"habitats and in space than on planets."},{"startTime":1880.102,"endTime":1882.862,"body":"That's not to say though, that you"},{"startTime":1880.102,"endTime":1882.862,"body":"wouldn't still want to live on planets,"},{"startTime":1883.162,"endTime":1887.452,"body":"and if you have these insane, vast"},{"startTime":1883.162,"endTime":1887.452,"body":"resources that something like even"},{"startTime":1887.452,"endTime":1890.872,"body":"a single Dyson sphere gives you,"},{"startTime":1887.452,"endTime":1890.872,"body":"then why would you not terraform a"},{"startTime":1890.872,"endTime":1891.952,"body":"planet that's just sitting there?"},{"startTime":1891.952,"endTime":1894.202,"body":"That might just be kind"},{"startTime":1891.952,"endTime":1894.202,"body":"of a. Yeah, we're bored."},{"startTime":1894.202,"endTime":1895.672,"body":"We might as well do it type project."},{"startTime":1895.852,"endTime":1896.122,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1896.212,"endTime":1899.722,"body":"And like to go back to the point that you"},{"startTime":1896.212,"endTime":1899.722,"body":"were at in the beginning, they could just"},{"startTime":1899.722,"endTime":1903.785,"body":"be like, living on a planet could be like"},{"startTime":1899.722,"endTime":1903.785,"body":"a luxury or, you know, maybe vice versa."},{"startTime":1903.935,"endTime":1904.175,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1904.235,"endTime":1905.285,"body":"Or just, yeah."},{"startTime":1905.375,"endTime":1905.555,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1905.555,"endTime":1906.095,"body":"A preference."},{"startTime":1906.095,"endTime":1907.235,"body":"Some people like to live at the beach."},{"startTime":1907.235,"endTime":1908.465,"body":"Some people like to live at the mountains."},{"startTime":1908.465,"endTime":1910.055,"body":"Some people like to live on planets."},{"startTime":1910.055,"endTime":1911.255,"body":"Others like a new cylinders."},{"startTime":1911.255,"endTime":1913.775,"body":"It's just, you know, it's, it"},{"startTime":1911.255,"endTime":1913.775,"body":"could just be one of those things."},{"startTime":1913.775,"endTime":1913.835,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1914.195,"endTime":1914.885,"body":"It is what it is."},{"startTime":1914.915,"endTime":1916.205,"body":"That's right, that's right."},{"startTime":1916.355,"endTime":1920.492,"body":"Um, but you know that it's exciting to"},{"startTime":1916.355,"endTime":1920.492,"body":"see, Why we would come up with wanting"},{"startTime":1920.492,"endTime":1921.842,"body":"to live on a planet in the future."},{"startTime":1921.842,"endTime":1924.456,"body":"And, and it's been very exciting"},{"startTime":1921.842,"endTime":1924.456,"body":"talking about all the different"},{"startTime":1924.456,"endTime":1925.896,"body":"ways that we could colonize Venus."},{"startTime":1925.986,"endTime":1926.736,"body":"Absolutely."},{"startTime":1926.796,"endTime":1930.364,"body":"Uh, both as a colonization cloud"},{"startTime":1926.796,"endTime":1930.364,"body":"cities, and as a terraforming target."},{"startTime":1930.446,"endTime":1932.066,"body":"So, yeah, I've really"},{"startTime":1930.446,"endTime":1932.066,"body":"enjoyed this episode."},{"startTime":1932.066,"endTime":1933.536,"body":"I hope you all have as well."},{"startTime":1933.536,"endTime":1936.296,"body":"Please join us next week where"},{"startTime":1933.536,"endTime":1936.296,"body":"we're gonna be talking about truly"},{"startTime":1936.596,"endTime":1940.706,"body":"ancient civilizations, what it looks"},{"startTime":1936.596,"endTime":1940.706,"body":"like as a civilization outlives,"},{"startTime":1940.706,"endTime":1944.096,"body":"its planet outlives, its star, and"},{"startTime":1940.706,"endTime":1944.096,"body":"maybe even outlives the universe."},{"startTime":1944.096,"endTime":1946.016,"body":"I think that'll be a fun"},{"startTime":1944.096,"endTime":1946.016,"body":"topic for discussion."},{"startTime":1946.016,"endTime":1948.926,"body":"And I, for one, I'm looking forward to"},{"startTime":1946.016,"endTime":1948.926,"body":"doing the research and recording it."},{"startTime":1949.046,"endTime":1950.126,"body":"Yeah, that's gonna be awesome."},{"startTime":1950.156,"endTime":1950.816,"body":"Absolutely."},{"startTime":1950.816,"endTime":1952.406,"body":"Thank you all for joining us again."},{"startTime":1952.406,"endTime":1954.536,"body":"Special thank you to all"},{"startTime":1952.406,"endTime":1954.536,"body":"of our Patreon subscribers."},{"startTime":1954.846,"endTime":1957.426,"body":"You keep the show going and you"},{"startTime":1954.846,"endTime":1957.426,"body":"know, we really appreciate all your"},{"startTime":1957.426,"endTime":1960.306,"body":"support and of course all of you who"},{"startTime":1957.426,"endTime":1960.306,"body":"follow us on YouTube and subscribe"},{"startTime":1960.306,"endTime":1961.656,"body":"to us on your platform of choice."},{"startTime":1962.166,"endTime":1964.746,"body":"I encourage everyone to comment if"},{"startTime":1962.166,"endTime":1964.746,"body":"you have questions or suggestions"},{"startTime":1964.746,"endTime":1967.926,"body":"for future episodes or consider"},{"startTime":1964.746,"endTime":1967.926,"body":"following us or subscribing to us"},{"startTime":1967.926,"endTime":1969.306,"body":"on whatever platform you follow on."},{"startTime":1969.666,"endTime":1970.656,"body":"Thank you all very much."},{"startTime":1970.866,"endTime":1971.886,"body":"Thank you so much guys."},{"startTime":1972.336,"endTime":1972.696,"body":"Take care."},{"startTime":1972.846,"endTime":1973.146,"body":"Bye-bye."}]}