{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.0,"endTime":1.949,"body":"if you did for whatever"},{"startTime":0.0,"endTime":1.949,"body":"reason, want to keep."},{"startTime":2.295,"endTime":5.115,"body":"Your specific planet alive and"},{"startTime":2.295,"endTime":5.115,"body":"you notice your core was cooling."},{"startTime":5.115,"endTime":8.445,"body":"There are options, and at the end"},{"startTime":5.115,"endTime":8.445,"body":"of the day, one of them is as simple"},{"startTime":8.445,"endTime":10.215,"body":"as literally just pumping in energy."},{"startTime":10.665,"endTime":14.295,"body":"One of the avenues we've talked about"},{"startTime":10.665,"endTime":14.295,"body":"for Terraforming Mars, and I think"},{"startTime":14.295,"endTime":17.445,"body":"our first or second episode talked"},{"startTime":14.295,"endTime":17.445,"body":"about this, is you could effectively."},{"startTime":17.513,"endTime":20.595,"body":"Bore into the core of your 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from Mars there's"},{"startTime":36.005,"endTime":38.495,"body":"a theory of actually."},{"startTime":38.9,"endTime":40.669,"body":"Drilling around the entire planet"},{"startTime":40.669,"endTime":40.939,"body":"and,"},{"startTime":40.939,"endTime":44.539,"body":"and basically building in nuclear"},{"startTime":40.939,"endTime":44.539,"body":"bomb small ones and citing 'em all off"},{"startTime":44.539,"endTime":46.01,"body":"to kickstart the core of the planet."},{"startTime":46.489,"endTime":46.7,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":46.819,"endTime":49.969,"body":"There are options to be explored"},{"startTime":46.819,"endTime":49.969,"body":"for the civilization that decides"},{"startTime":49.969,"endTime":52.64,"body":"that their planet is very important"},{"startTime":49.969,"endTime":52.64,"body":"and they do wanna keep it going."},{"startTime":57.336,"endTime":61.506,"body":"Hello and welcome to Entropy Rising, a"},{"startTime":57.336,"endTime":61.506,"body":"podcast all about science and futurism."},{"startTime":61.656,"endTime":65.406,"body":"I'm your host, Jacob, and as always"},{"startTime":61.656,"endTime":65.406,"body":"joining me is my wonderful co-host"},{"startTime":65.406,"endTime":65.886,"body":"Lucas"},{"startTime":66.216,"endTime":66.546,"body":"Lucas."},{"startTime":66.546,"endTime":67.296,"body":"How are you doing today?"},{"startTime":67.416,"endTime":68.226,"body":"I'm doing wonderful, Jake."},{"startTime":68.226,"endTime":68.706,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":68.796,"endTime":69.246,"body":"How are you?"},{"startTime":69.426,"endTime":70.146,"body":"Doing great."},{"startTime":70.146,"endTime":70.806,"body":"Doing great."},{"startTime":70.806,"endTime":73.596,"body":"I'm looking forward to today's topic"},{"startTime":70.806,"endTime":73.596,"body":"where we're gonna be talking about"},{"startTime":73.596,"endTime":77.826,"body":"how civilizations can effectively"},{"startTime":73.596,"endTime":77.826,"body":"extend their lifespan and not just"},{"startTime":77.826,"endTime":79.416,"body":"the lifespan of the individual."},{"startTime":80.046,"endTime":83.376,"body":"People that make up that civilization,"},{"startTime":80.046,"endTime":83.376,"body":"but the actual civilization itself."},{"startTime":83.706,"endTime":84.996,"body":"How do you outlive your planet?"},{"startTime":84.996,"endTime":86.256,"body":"How do you outlive your son?"},{"startTime":86.496,"endTime":88.086,"body":"How do you outlive the universe?"},{"startTime":88.146,"endTime":91.026,"body":"That's gonna be the topic of"},{"startTime":88.146,"endTime":91.026,"body":"today's episode and I think there's"},{"startTime":91.026,"endTime":93.876,"body":"some interesting implications"},{"startTime":91.026,"endTime":93.876,"body":"and just, uh, some fun thought"},{"startTime":93.876,"endTime":95.346,"body":"experiments in this type of topic."},{"startTime":95.346,"endTime":96.666,"body":"So I'm looking forward to it."},{"startTime":96.876,"endTime":97.536,"body":"So am I."},{"startTime":97.871,"endTime":98.441,"body":"Let's hop in."},{"startTime":98.921,"endTime":99.701,"body":"Yeah, let's do it."},{"startTime":99.941,"endTime":103.991,"body":"So obviously the first thing that"},{"startTime":99.941,"endTime":103.991,"body":"comes to mind when we talk about a"},{"startTime":103.991,"endTime":106.781,"body":"civilization ending event is probably."},{"startTime":106.967,"endTime":109.543,"body":"your planet dying in some"},{"startTime":106.967,"endTime":109.543,"body":"way, shape or form, right?"},{"startTime":109.633,"endTime":109.843,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":110.203,"endTime":110.443,"body":"And"},{"startTime":110.443,"endTime":111.253,"body":"There are a lot of ways"},{"startTime":111.253,"endTime":111.373,"body":"that"},{"startTime":111.373,"endTime":111.943,"body":"that can happen."},{"startTime":111.943,"endTime":114.793,"body":"I know Hollywood has drummed up"},{"startTime":111.943,"endTime":114.793,"body":"many of their own examples, many"},{"startTime":114.793,"endTime":116.653,"body":"of them, catastrophic and amazing."},{"startTime":116.653,"endTime":120.327,"body":"So things like an asteroid impact,"},{"startTime":116.653,"endTime":120.327,"body":"something along those lines, which,"},{"startTime":120.377,"endTime":122.897,"body":"First of all that is possible,"},{"startTime":120.377,"endTime":122.897,"body":"that is always possible,"},{"startTime":122.897,"endTime":122.987,"body":"that"},{"startTime":122.987,"endTime":125.357,"body":"that's the way that your"},{"startTime":122.987,"endTime":125.357,"body":"civilization could be wiped out."},{"startTime":125.777,"endTime":126.347,"body":"Uh, so there is"},{"startTime":126.347,"endTime":126.617,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":126.617,"endTime":130.547,"body":"a certain assumption with this"},{"startTime":126.617,"endTime":130.547,"body":"topic in this episode is that you."},{"startTime":130.835,"endTime":134.282,"body":"Are going to survive to a point of"},{"startTime":130.835,"endTime":134.282,"body":"being able to get into space and prevent"},{"startTime":134.328,"endTime":136.488,"body":"the easy events like a,"},{"startTime":134.328,"endTime":136.488,"body":"an asteroid strike, right?"},{"startTime":136.548,"endTime":136.668,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":137.008,"endTime":137.698,"body":"I mean, you,"},{"startTime":137.698,"endTime":138.388,"body":"you definitely,"},{"startTime":138.448,"endTime":138.748,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":138.748,"endTime":142.138,"body":"you think about the short term like"},{"startTime":138.748,"endTime":142.138,"body":"these cataclysms that can happen,"},{"startTime":142.288,"endTime":143.818,"body":"asteroid strikes, things like that."},{"startTime":143.818,"endTime":146.218,"body":"Just being able to get off planet"},{"startTime":143.818,"endTime":146.218,"body":"and survive a little bit longer."},{"startTime":146.438,"endTime":150.41,"body":"but trying to branch out and survive"},{"startTime":146.438,"endTime":150.41,"body":"for millions, billions, and trillions"},{"startTime":150.41,"endTime":151.91,"body":"of years is a completely other thing."},{"startTime":151.97,"endTime":152.33,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":152.33,"endTime":152.51,"body":"yeah."},{"startTime":152.51,"endTime":153.23,"body":"No, exactly."},{"startTime":153.23,"endTime":154.573,"body":"And those are pretty easy to avoid."},{"startTime":154.603,"endTime":157.127,"body":"Once you have space infrastructure,"},{"startTime":154.603,"endTime":157.127,"body":"You can survive things like"},{"startTime":157.127,"endTime":158.477,"body":"asteroid strikes very easily."},{"startTime":158.567,"endTime":158.807,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":159.167,"endTime":160.607,"body":"Uh, so then you're really looking at"},{"startTime":160.607,"endTime":160.697,"body":"like,"},{"startTime":160.697,"endTime":163.757,"body":"what's the long-term things"},{"startTime":160.697,"endTime":163.757,"body":"that are gonna destroy a planet"},{"startTime":163.817,"endTime":165.827,"body":"just through, uh, sheer age."},{"startTime":165.827,"endTime":166.007,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":166.007,"endTime":167.567,"body":"What happens as a planet"},{"startTime":166.007,"endTime":167.567,"body":"gets older and older?"},{"startTime":167.567,"endTime":168.407,"body":"What makes it fail?"},{"startTime":168.752,"endTime":169.772,"body":"And there's a couple of things."},{"startTime":169.922,"endTime":171.848,"body":"For one, planet's cooled down, the earth."},{"startTime":172.118,"endTime":172.716,"body":"For example,"},{"startTime":172.716,"endTime":175.985,"body":"most of the heat coming from the core of"},{"startTime":172.716,"endTime":175.985,"body":"our earth is through radioactive decay"},{"startTime":176.345,"endTime":178.655,"body":"of elements within the planet itself."},{"startTime":178.685,"endTime":178.775,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":179.105,"endTime":181.78,"body":"This is why back in, I think around"},{"startTime":179.105,"endTime":181.78,"body":"the 15 hundreds, there was a monk."},{"startTime":182.435,"endTime":185.525,"body":"We tried to calculate the age"},{"startTime":182.435,"endTime":185.525,"body":"of the Earth, and it wasn't"},{"startTime":185.525,"endTime":186.875,"body":"an unreasonable calculation."},{"startTime":186.875,"endTime":190.595,"body":"He made, he basically figured out"},{"startTime":186.875,"endTime":190.595,"body":"about how big the earth is, about"},{"startTime":190.595,"endTime":193.595,"body":"the average composition, and then"},{"startTime":190.595,"endTime":193.595,"body":"some did some basic algebra to say,"},{"startTime":193.595,"endTime":193.715,"body":"well,"},{"startTime":193.715,"endTime":195.095,"body":"how long would it take for,"},{"startTime":195.425,"endTime":195.665,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":195.665,"endTime":197.975,"body":"a ball of magma to cool"},{"startTime":195.665,"endTime":197.975,"body":"down to where we are now?"},{"startTime":197.975,"endTime":200.49,"body":"And he got a number like 6,000 years and,"},{"startTime":200.49,"endTime":203.067,"body":"from his mathematics and from what"},{"startTime":200.49,"endTime":203.067,"body":"he understand about the universe,"},{"startTime":203.38,"endTime":204.608,"body":"that was absolutely accurate."},{"startTime":204.613,"endTime":204.943,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":205.023,"endTime":208.868,"body":"Uh, he unfortunately did not"},{"startTime":205.023,"endTime":208.868,"body":"know about radioactive decay, and"},{"startTime":208.868,"endTime":211.24,"body":"that's what's actually keeping the"},{"startTime":208.868,"endTime":211.24,"body":"mantle of the earth molted now."},{"startTime":211.24,"endTime":214.09,"body":"But eventually that wheel"},{"startTime":211.24,"endTime":214.09,"body":"fell and the planet will cool."},{"startTime":214.09,"endTime":215.23,"body":"And this would happen for any planet."},{"startTime":215.56,"endTime":215.86,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":216.1,"endTime":216.454,"body":"And,"},{"startTime":216.48,"endTime":220.007,"body":"another issue that comes with, this"},{"startTime":216.48,"endTime":220.007,"body":"core of a planet cooling is you start"},{"startTime":220.007,"endTime":221.597,"body":"to lose your magnetosphere as well."},{"startTime":221.687,"endTime":221.867,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":221.867,"endTime":224.717,"body":"So once you lose your magnetosphere, you"},{"startTime":221.867,"endTime":224.717,"body":"then have to worry about your atmosphere"},{"startTime":224.717,"endTime":226.577,"body":"being stripped by the solar winds."},{"startTime":226.607,"endTime":229.067,"body":"But there are also some other 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devastating."},{"startTime":245.296,"endTime":247.446,"body":"with our current technology,"},{"startTime":245.296,"endTime":247.446,"body":"it seems unavoidable."},{"startTime":247.566,"endTime":247.626,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":247.626,"endTime":249.726,"body":"Eventually our planet's core will cool."},{"startTime":249.786,"endTime":252.606,"body":"There's no way for us to"},{"startTime":249.786,"endTime":252.606,"body":"re-start it or restart it or,"},{"startTime":252.606,"endTime":252.966,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":252.996,"endTime":253.206,"body":"ignite it."},{"startTime":253.743,"endTime":257.141,"body":"with what we have now or what we"},{"startTime":253.743,"endTime":257.141,"body":"could have in the near future."},{"startTime":257.261,"endTime":257.561,"body":"So"},{"startTime":257.561,"endTime":257.801,"body":"that"},{"startTime":257.801,"endTime":260.351,"body":"that's something that if we wanna"},{"startTime":257.801,"endTime":260.351,"body":"survive, and it's just one of many"},{"startTime":260.351,"endTime":264.281,"body":"things, if we wanna survive, we will need"},{"startTime":260.351,"endTime":264.281,"body":"to branch out and get off the planet."},{"startTime":264.281,"endTime":264.461,"body":"Like"},{"startTime":264.461,"endTime":265.391,"body":"that's the first step."},{"startTime":265.541,"endTime":265.841,"body":"Well,"},{"startTime":265.841,"endTime":266.111,"body":"again,"},{"startTime":266.111,"endTime":266.351,"body":"this,"},{"startTime":266.411,"endTime":268.781,"body":"this episode of this whole podcast"},{"startTime":266.411,"endTime":268.781,"body":"isn't about current technology."},{"startTime":268.781,"endTime":271.421,"body":"Of course, there are things you could"},{"startTime":268.781,"endTime":271.421,"body":"do, of course, to restart a planetary"},{"startTime":271.421,"endTime":273.641,"body":"core or to keep a planetary core warm."},{"startTime":273.671,"endTime":273.761,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":274.087,"endTime":276.307,"body":"obviously you would need to"},{"startTime":274.087,"endTime":276.307,"body":"be in advance civilization."},{"startTime":276.307,"endTime":278.617,"body":"This isn't something we could"},{"startTime":276.307,"endTime":278.617,"body":"do today, like you hinted at."},{"startTime":278.678,"endTime":280.808,"body":"But if you did for whatever"},{"startTime":278.678,"endTime":280.808,"body":"reason, want to keep."},{"startTime":281.153,"endTime":283.973,"body":"Your specific planet alive and"},{"startTime":281.153,"endTime":283.973,"body":"you notice your core was cooling."},{"startTime":283.973,"endTime":287.303,"body":"There are options, and at the end"},{"startTime":283.973,"endTime":287.303,"body":"of the day, one of them is as simple"},{"startTime":287.303,"endTime":289.073,"body":"as literally just pumping in energy."},{"startTime":289.523,"endTime":293.153,"body":"One of the 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to"},{"startTime":308.603,"endTime":309.713,"body":"convert that energy into anything."},{"startTime":309.713,"endTime":313.043,"body":"You can literally just redirect a light"},{"startTime":309.713,"endTime":313.043,"body":"from your sun into the core of your"},{"startTime":313.043,"endTime":314.483,"body":"planet and use that to keep it warm."},{"startTime":314.933,"endTime":317.273,"body":"Uh, there's some other artificial"},{"startTime":314.933,"endTime":317.273,"body":"means you could do that as well."},{"startTime":317.603,"endTime":320.093,"body":"Uh, I know from Mars there's"},{"startTime":317.603,"endTime":320.093,"body":"a theory of actually."},{"startTime":320.498,"endTime":322.268,"body":"Drilling around the entire planet"},{"startTime":322.268,"endTime":322.538,"body":"and,"},{"startTime":322.538,"endTime":326.138,"body":"and basically building in nuclear"},{"startTime":322.538,"endTime":326.138,"body":"bomb small ones and citing 'em all 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star,"},{"startTime":377.602,"endTime":381.082,"body":"that means your orbital velocity"},{"startTime":381.082,"endTime":382.372,"body":"is gonna be different from your."},{"startTime":382.374,"endTime":382.69,"body":"planet."},{"startTime":382.96,"endTime":383.08,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":383.44,"endTime":385.66,"body":"Uh, LaGrange points get around"},{"startTime":383.44,"endTime":385.66,"body":"this 'cause they're stable orbits."},{"startTime":385.66,"endTime":389.17,"body":"So you can put something in a LaGrange"},{"startTime":385.66,"endTime":389.17,"body":"point and even though it's closer to"},{"startTime":389.175,"endTime":389.355,"body":"the,"},{"startTime":389.36,"endTime":392.5,"body":"the sun, for example, it'll orbit"},{"startTime":389.36,"endTime":392.5,"body":"at the same speed as your planet."},{"startTime":392.8,"endTime":395.65,"body":"But if you want to go closer to the"},{"startTime":392.8,"endTime":395.65,"body":"star than that LaGrange point, which"},{"startTime":395.65,"endTime":398.53,"body":"you might wanna do, 'cause that gives"},{"startTime":395.65,"endTime":398.53,"body":"you, you can use a smaller magnetic"},{"startTime":398.53,"endTime":399.715,"body":"field to shield your planet behind it."},{"startTime":400.625,"endTime":401.825,"body":"You can do something called a lag gate."},{"startTime":401.83,"endTime":402.28,"body":"Have I"},{"startTime":402.365,"endTime":403.685,"body":"have I talked about these with you before."},{"startTime":403.865,"endTime":405.545,"body":"I've never heard you mention those before."},{"startTime":405.605,"endTime":406.265,"body":"So lag gates are"},{"startTime":406.265,"endTime":406.535,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":406.535,"endTime":406.985,"body":"interesting."},{"startTime":406.985,"endTime":410.195,"body":"We've talked about solar sails"},{"startTime":406.985,"endTime":410.195,"body":"before, which is the idea that you"},{"startTime":410.195,"endTime":415.025,"body":"can use a really thin light, gigantic"},{"startTime":410.195,"endTime":415.025,"body":"foil effectively to push off of the"},{"startTime":415.025,"endTime":416.495,"body":"solar radiation coming from a star."},{"startTime":416.705,"endTime":418.745,"body":"And you can use that to propel"},{"startTime":416.705,"endTime":418.745,"body":"a spaceship, for example."},{"startTime":418.989,"endTime":421.839,"body":"Something you can do also is you"},{"startTime":418.989,"endTime":421.839,"body":"can take a kind of hybrid approach."},{"startTime":421.869,"endTime":422.019,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":422.259,"endTime":425.409,"body":"Where you effectively use a"},{"startTime":422.259,"endTime":425.409,"body":"solar cell on a satellite."},{"startTime":425.679,"endTime":429.819,"body":"Now the solar cell doesn't get enough"},{"startTime":425.679,"endTime":429.819,"body":"thrust from the star to actually push it"},{"startTime":429.819,"endTime":433.749,"body":"off into interstellar space, but because"},{"startTime":429.819,"endTime":433.749,"body":"you're getting this support from the"},{"startTime":433.749,"endTime":438.219,"body":"star, it can move slower than its in its"},{"startTime":433.749,"endTime":438.219,"body":"orbital path than otherwise would be able"},{"startTime":438.219,"endTime":440.049,"body":"to, which is why we call them a lag eye."},{"startTime":440.049,"endTime":440.289,"body":"It's"},{"startTime":440.379,"endTime":440.649,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":440.649,"endTime":444.189,"body":"a similar thing as a satellite, and this"},{"startTime":440.649,"endTime":444.189,"body":"means you can actually have a satellite."},{"startTime":444.544,"endTime":447.994,"body":"Closer to your star, that still matches"},{"startTime":444.544,"endTime":447.994,"body":"the orbital period of the planet."},{"startTime":447.994,"endTime":451.054,"body":"Even if the planet's further away"},{"startTime":447.994,"endTime":451.054,"body":"and orbiting slower, has a slower"},{"startTime":451.414,"endTime":453.909,"body":"transition around the star, and"},{"startTime":451.414,"endTime":453.909,"body":"this way you can put things like."},{"startTime":454.794,"endTime":459.234,"body":"Solar shades or magnetic field generators"},{"startTime":454.794,"endTime":459.234,"body":"between your planet and your star,"},{"startTime":459.624,"endTime":461.034,"body":"and protect them from things like,"},{"startTime":461.154,"endTime":461.424,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":461.424,"endTime":464.034,"body":"the solar radiation from"},{"startTime":461.424,"endTime":464.034,"body":"atmospheric stripping if you"},{"startTime":464.034,"endTime":465.174,"body":"were to lose your magnetic field."},{"startTime":465.534,"endTime":466.194,"body":"Wow, dude."},{"startTime":466.194,"endTime":468.024,"body":"That's, uh, that's so awesome."},{"startTime":468.174,"endTime":470.154,"body":"I like to think about the"},{"startTime":468.174,"endTime":470.154,"body":"precision that would go into"},{"startTime":470.154,"endTime":472.224,"body":"making something like that, um, to"},{"startTime":472.224,"endTime":472.374,"body":"like,"},{"startTime":472.434,"endTime":475.344,"body":"just support, uh, our planet's"},{"startTime":472.434,"endTime":475.344,"body":"atmosphere is super cool and,"},{"startTime":475.674,"endTime":475.914,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":475.914,"endTime":479.534,"body":"I never really thought about like"},{"startTime":475.914,"endTime":479.534,"body":"creating An artificial magnetic field."},{"startTime":479.534,"endTime":482.144,"body":"I was always just like restarting"},{"startTime":479.534,"endTime":482.144,"body":"the core of the planet was"},{"startTime":482.144,"endTime":483.764,"body":"like the main thing in my mind."},{"startTime":483.764,"endTime":485.234,"body":"So that's a really cool concept."},{"startTime":485.264,"endTime":487.784,"body":"Yeah, that's definitely a, an avenue"},{"startTime":485.264,"endTime":487.784,"body":"you can explore it for whatever"},{"startTime":487.784,"endTime":489.254,"body":"reason, you don't want to restart"},{"startTime":489.254,"endTime":489.374,"body":"your,"},{"startTime":489.374,"endTime":490.724,"body":"your planet's magnetic field."},{"startTime":490.874,"endTime":492.884,"body":"Maybe you decide it's too much"},{"startTime":490.874,"endTime":492.884,"body":"work, it's too destructive"},{"startTime":492.914,"endTime":493.094,"body":"that"},{"startTime":493.094,"endTime":494.144,"body":"that is an option for sure."},{"startTime":494.234,"endTime":494.384,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":494.837,"endTime":498.254,"body":"Another thing that's going to happen"},{"startTime":494.837,"endTime":498.254,"body":"and this kind of transitions from end"},{"startTime":498.254,"endTime":499.784,"body":"of planet to end of star, which would"},{"startTime":499.784,"endTime":500.024,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":500.024,"endTime":503.024,"body":"be the next thing you would need to do to"},{"startTime":500.024,"endTime":503.024,"body":"extend the lifespan of your civilization."},{"startTime":503.399,"endTime":506.879,"body":"But as your star grows old,"},{"startTime":503.399,"endTime":506.879,"body":"uh, especially our stunt,"},{"startTime":506.879,"endTime":507.059,"body":"right,"},{"startTime":507.059,"endTime":510.839,"body":"like we have a yellow dwarf, uh,"},{"startTime":507.059,"endTime":510.839,"body":"as it starts to expand, then the"},{"startTime":510.869,"endTime":514.499,"body":"habitable zone, that goldilock"},{"startTime":510.869,"endTime":514.499,"body":"zone we have to exist in moves"},{"startTime":514.499,"endTime":515.009,"body":"further and"},{"startTime":515.009,"endTime":516.289,"body":"further and further back, right?"},{"startTime":516.389,"endTime":519.089,"body":"So your planet's gonna start heating"},{"startTime":516.389,"endTime":519.089,"body":"up, you're gonna lose your atmosphere,"},{"startTime":519.089,"endTime":520.439,"body":"eventually lose your water, and"},{"startTime":520.589,"endTime":520.859,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":520.859,"endTime":523.259,"body":"effectively earth will turn into Venus."},{"startTime":523.259,"endTime":526.229,"body":"And then, um, right now it's still"},{"startTime":523.259,"endTime":526.229,"body":"unknown, but we might even just be"},{"startTime":526.229,"endTime":527.759,"body":"swallowed up by the sun entirely."},{"startTime":527.909,"endTime":530.609,"body":"And this would happen for other"},{"startTime":527.909,"endTime":530.609,"body":"planets orbiting other stars as well."},{"startTime":531.196,"endTime":531.676,"body":"that is"},{"startTime":531.676,"endTime":531.897,"body":"like,"},{"startTime":531.913,"endTime":533.833,"body":"the big end of humanity,"},{"startTime":533.893,"endTime":534.133,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":534.133,"endTime":536.323,"body":"moment that you would see"},{"startTime":534.133,"endTime":536.323,"body":"when I was growing up."},{"startTime":536.323,"endTime":536.713,"body":"At least."},{"startTime":536.713,"endTime":539.383,"body":"It's like eventually the sun's"},{"startTime":536.713,"endTime":539.383,"body":"gonna expand and then that's it,"},{"startTime":539.533,"endTime":539.983,"body":"you know?"},{"startTime":540.403,"endTime":541.513,"body":"Um, but"},{"startTime":541.513,"endTime":541.783,"body":"it,"},{"startTime":541.843,"endTime":543.073,"body":"it's definitely cool to think about"},{"startTime":543.073,"endTime":543.373,"body":"like,"},{"startTime":543.643,"endTime":543.943,"body":"first,"},{"startTime":543.943,"endTime":544.123,"body":"how,"},{"startTime":544.123,"endTime":545.923,"body":"how would we avoid something like that?"},{"startTime":545.923,"endTime":549.493,"body":"And of course the big thing that comes"},{"startTime":545.923,"endTime":549.493,"body":"to mind is just getting off planet."},{"startTime":549.583,"endTime":549.763,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":549.763,"endTime":550.393,"body":"Entirely."},{"startTime":550.513,"endTime":553.243,"body":"And I do wanna reiterate, we're gonna"},{"startTime":550.513,"endTime":553.243,"body":"continue talking about saving your own"},{"startTime":553.243,"endTime":555.103,"body":"planet and saving your own civilization."},{"startTime":555.218,"endTime":556.141,"body":"but yeah, you are right."},{"startTime":556.141,"endTime":558.991,"body":"You need to get off of planet"},{"startTime":556.141,"endTime":558.991,"body":"and I think realistically, by the"},{"startTime":558.991,"endTime":560.281,"body":"time you're at the point where."},{"startTime":560.641,"endTime":563.701,"body":"And I think everyone who enjoys the"},{"startTime":560.641,"endTime":563.701,"body":"show, any return viewer knows my thought"},{"startTime":563.701,"endTime":565.261,"body":"process and probably yours as well."},{"startTime":565.501,"endTime":567.841,"body":"We're mostly gonna be living in"},{"startTime":565.501,"endTime":567.841,"body":"orbital habitats by this point."},{"startTime":567.871,"endTime":568.111,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":568.291,"endTime":572.251,"body":"Uh, but you still might want to preserve"},{"startTime":568.291,"endTime":572.251,"body":"your home planet for a variety of reasons."},{"startTime":572.251,"endTime":572.791,"body":"Maybe just,"},{"startTime":573.031,"endTime":573.331,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":573.661,"endTime":574.681,"body":"sentimental reasons, right?"},{"startTime":574.741,"endTime":575.461,"body":"Nostalgia."},{"startTime":575.521,"endTime":575.701,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":577.231,"endTime":579.691,"body":"And we are gonna talk about how"},{"startTime":577.231,"endTime":579.691,"body":"you can extend your civilization"},{"startTime":579.721,"endTime":580.951,"body":"beyond planets as well."},{"startTime":581.191,"endTime":583.951,"body":"But if you do wanna save your planet,"},{"startTime":581.191,"endTime":583.951,"body":"uh, you do have some options for"},{"startTime":583.951,"endTime":585.271,"body":"stopping your sun from expanding."},{"startTime":585.516,"endTime":588.126,"body":"You see again, I've always just"},{"startTime":585.516,"endTime":588.126,"body":"thought we need to get away from it."},{"startTime":588.516,"endTime":590.616,"body":"Turn the earth into a ship and fly away."},{"startTime":590.676,"endTime":592.686,"body":"How do you stop a sun from expanding?"},{"startTime":592.716,"endTime":593.046,"body":"Well,"},{"startTime":593.046,"endTime":594.936,"body":"this is actually Lucas, uh, a topic."},{"startTime":594.936,"endTime":597.155,"body":"We talked about a couple"},{"startTime":594.936,"endTime":597.155,"body":"of episodes back we,"},{"startTime":597.16,"endTime":599.777,"body":"we reframed it a little bit In our"},{"startTime":597.16,"endTime":599.777,"body":"previous episode, we were talking"},{"startTime":599.777,"endTime":601.547,"body":"about harvesting energy from a star."},{"startTime":601.552,"endTime":601.732,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":601.907,"endTime":603.677,"body":"And I think this was just"},{"startTime":601.907,"endTime":603.677,"body":"kinda a byproduct of that."},{"startTime":603.677,"endTime":605.057,"body":"But of course, this is now the reverse."},{"startTime":605.057,"endTime":608.177,"body":"This is a, trying to extend the"},{"startTime":605.057,"endTime":608.177,"body":"lifespan of a star and harvesting"},{"startTime":608.177,"endTime":609.377,"body":"energy is just the byproduct."},{"startTime":609.872,"endTime":611.402,"body":"But what you can actually do is if"},{"startTime":611.402,"endTime":611.822,"body":"you,"},{"startTime":612.212,"endTime":616.382,"body":"you take a star, what actually causes it"},{"startTime":612.212,"endTime":616.382,"body":"to fail is they effectively get poisoned."},{"startTime":616.382,"endTime":620.612,"body":"You have nuclear fusion going on and"},{"startTime":616.382,"endTime":620.612,"body":"these byproducts of these nuclear"},{"startTime":620.612,"endTime":624.242,"body":"reaction, these infusible elements,"},{"startTime":620.612,"endTime":624.242,"body":"start to build up in the star."},{"startTime":624.542,"endTime":625.802,"body":"And that effectively poisons it."},{"startTime":625.802,"endTime":627.512,"body":"That means that it gets, it needs to get"},{"startTime":627.512,"endTime":627.902,"body":"hotter and"},{"startTime":627.902,"endTime":629.822,"body":"hotter and hotter to fuse these elements."},{"startTime":629.822,"endTime":632.222,"body":"And then eventually you just run"},{"startTime":629.822,"endTime":632.222,"body":"out of elements that can be fused."},{"startTime":632.552,"endTime":633.302,"body":"And for our star."},{"startTime":633.672,"endTime":635.562,"body":"Effectively, what you're gonna"},{"startTime":633.672,"endTime":635.562,"body":"see is you're gonna see hydrogen"},{"startTime":635.562,"endTime":638.052,"body":"turning into helium, and that's"},{"startTime":635.562,"endTime":638.052,"body":"gonna poison the star and cause it"},{"startTime":638.052,"endTime":639.522,"body":"to expand and have to get hotter."},{"startTime":639.912,"endTime":642.717,"body":"So what you can do is that"},{"startTime":639.912,"endTime":642.717,"body":"you can actually funnel"},{"startTime":642.717,"endTime":646.522,"body":"the plasma from the sun up, and then"},{"startTime":642.717,"endTime":646.522,"body":"you can split off the hydrogen and"},{"startTime":646.522,"endTime":648.052,"body":"helium and other trace elements."},{"startTime":648.155,"endTime":649.535,"body":"Use those for whatever you want."},{"startTime":649.535,"endTime":649.835,"body":"I think"},{"startTime":649.835,"endTime":649.925,"body":"in,"},{"startTime":650.045,"endTime":651.845,"body":"in that episode, we were"},{"startTime":650.045,"endTime":651.845,"body":"talking about how you can get"},{"startTime":651.884,"endTime":655.765,"body":"the trace iron helium, all these"},{"startTime":651.884,"endTime":655.765,"body":"other elements and use those to build"},{"startTime":655.765,"endTime":657.415,"body":"mega structures because there's more."},{"startTime":657.79,"endTime":661.84,"body":"Iron gold, rare metals in the sun than"},{"startTime":657.79,"endTime":661.84,"body":"the rest of the solar system combined."},{"startTime":662.35,"endTime":664.72,"body":"Of course, it's in a very"},{"startTime":662.35,"endTime":664.72,"body":"small quantity, but it is."},{"startTime":664.75,"endTime":665.68,"body":"There is more of it there,"},{"startTime":665.8,"endTime":666.07,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":666.31,"endTime":668.677,"body":"But in addition to this, if you"},{"startTime":666.31,"endTime":668.677,"body":"pull off these elements and just"},{"startTime":668.677,"endTime":672.097,"body":"return the hydrogen back to the"},{"startTime":668.677,"endTime":672.097,"body":"star, you actually also extend the"},{"startTime":672.097,"endTime":673.597,"body":"lifetime of that star by quite a lot."},{"startTime":673.778,"endTime":674.228,"body":"I, it"},{"startTime":674.228,"endTime":674.528,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":674.528,"endTime":677.408,"body":"makes me think of like the way"},{"startTime":674.528,"endTime":677.408,"body":"that some, uh, experimental"},{"startTime":677.408,"endTime":678.728,"body":"stellar engines would work"},{"startTime":678.818,"endTime":679.298,"body":"effectively."},{"startTime":679.298,"endTime":679.538,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":679.543,"endTime":679.633,"body":"yeah."},{"startTime":679.633,"endTime":679.713,"body":"It,"},{"startTime":679.718,"endTime":680.618,"body":"it pretty much would be,"},{"startTime":680.708,"endTime":682.628,"body":"so if we're a civilization at that point,"},{"startTime":682.658,"endTime":682.928,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":682.928,"endTime":684.098,"body":"we can dual purpose that."},{"startTime":684.188,"endTime":684.818,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":684.818,"endTime":686.018,"body":"You can harvest energy out of it."},{"startTime":686.018,"endTime":687.098,"body":"You can harvest materials."},{"startTime":687.098,"endTime":689.018,"body":"This is the idea behind mining a star."},{"startTime":689.343,"endTime":691.353,"body":"And a lot of people get like nervous."},{"startTime":691.353,"endTime":694.083,"body":"I've talked about this before"},{"startTime":691.353,"endTime":694.083,"body":"on threads, how we can mine our"},{"startTime":694.083,"endTime":697.293,"body":"own star and harvest these trace"},{"startTime":694.083,"endTime":697.293,"body":"metals to build mega structures."},{"startTime":697.293,"endTime":699.243,"body":"And a lot of people are"},{"startTime":697.293,"endTime":699.243,"body":"like, that's a terrible idea."},{"startTime":699.243,"endTime":701.073,"body":"You're gonna mine our stars"},{"startTime":699.243,"endTime":701.073,"body":"and they're gonna kill us."},{"startTime":701.073,"endTime":704.733,"body":"But no, it actually extend the"},{"startTime":701.073,"endTime":704.733,"body":"lifetime of the star and give"},{"startTime":704.733,"endTime":706.503,"body":"you a more stable civilization."},{"startTime":706.503,"endTime":710.163,"body":"You'll be able to live much, much,"},{"startTime":706.503,"endTime":710.163,"body":"much longer than you otherwise would"},{"startTime":710.163,"endTime":713.043,"body":"be able to if you just allowed the sun"},{"startTime":710.163,"endTime":713.043,"body":"to run his normal course of actions."},{"startTime":713.378,"endTime":713.678,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":713.888,"endTime":716.258,"body":"and the weird thing about this,"},{"startTime":713.888,"endTime":716.258,"body":"or something I think is really"},{"startTime":716.258,"endTime":719.078,"body":"fascinating is this obviously"},{"startTime":716.258,"endTime":719.078,"body":"has to operate on a huge scale."},{"startTime":720.038,"endTime":721.958,"body":"But it's not any new physics."},{"startTime":721.958,"endTime":724.238,"body":"We already know"},{"startTime":721.958,"endTime":724.238,"body":"effectively how to do this."},{"startTime":724.448,"endTime":727.028,"body":"If you've ever used a mass"},{"startTime":724.448,"endTime":727.028,"body":"spectrometer, which I actually"},{"startTime":727.028,"endTime":728.258,"body":"have, I don't know if you ever did."},{"startTime":728.318,"endTime":728.708,"body":"I have."},{"startTime":728.708,"endTime":728.918,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":729.008,"endTime":730.448,"body":"Uh, that's how they work."},{"startTime":730.508,"endTime":733.358,"body":"You have a charge to mass"},{"startTime":730.508,"endTime":733.358,"body":"ratio for any element."},{"startTime":733.658,"endTime":737.378,"body":"Uh, you make a plasma out of it, which"},{"startTime":733.658,"endTime":737.378,"body":"the sun already makes, and then if you"},{"startTime":737.378,"endTime":742.418,"body":"expose those elements to a magnetic"},{"startTime":737.378,"endTime":742.418,"body":"field, they're gonna react and deflect in"},{"startTime":742.418,"endTime":745.238,"body":"that magnetic field at different rates,"},{"startTime":742.418,"endTime":745.238,"body":"depending on their master charge ratio."},{"startTime":745.573,"endTime":747.553,"body":"This isn't any new technology."},{"startTime":747.853,"endTime":750.613,"body":"Most labs have one of these"},{"startTime":747.853,"endTime":750.613,"body":"mass spectrometers sitting"},{"startTime":750.613,"endTime":751.633,"body":"around somewhere anyways."},{"startTime":751.993,"endTime":752.353,"body":"Oh, it's"},{"startTime":752.353,"endTime":752.593,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":752.593,"endTime":753.313,"body":"over exaggeration."},{"startTime":753.313,"endTime":756.163,"body":"They're quite expensive, but a lot"},{"startTime":753.313,"endTime":756.163,"body":"of universities are gonna have these,"},{"startTime":756.163,"endTime":759.793,"body":"they're not uncommon pieces of equipment,"},{"startTime":756.163,"endTime":759.793,"body":"and it's effectively just that on a"},{"startTime":759.793,"endTime":764.263,"body":"gigantic scale, and you can use that"},{"startTime":759.793,"endTime":764.263,"body":"to extend the lifespan of your sun."},{"startTime":764.663,"endTime":767.783,"body":"Yeah, I hope, uh, I hope theirs is"},{"startTime":764.663,"endTime":767.783,"body":"a little bit more reliable, though."},{"startTime":767.783,"endTime":769.013,"body":"Ours was always broken."},{"startTime":769.163,"endTime":769.613,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":771.293,"endTime":773.273,"body":"I don't think Beckman"},{"startTime":771.293,"endTime":773.273,"body":"Colier is gonna come and fix"},{"startTime":773.273,"endTime":773.603,"body":"your,"},{"startTime":773.603,"endTime":774.82,"body":"your stellar sized,"},{"startTime":775.12,"endTime":775.3,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":775.3,"endTime":776.14,"body":"that would be funny."},{"startTime":776.14,"endTime":778.39,"body":"Do you remember the Expanse TV show?"},{"startTime":778.51,"endTime":778.72,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":778.81,"endTime":779.17,"body":"There was"},{"startTime":779.17,"endTime":779.62,"body":"a, a,"},{"startTime":779.62,"endTime":781.839,"body":"a gag scene They were"},{"startTime":779.62,"endTime":781.839,"body":"using cargo containers to"},{"startTime":781.839,"endTime":782.049,"body":"like"},{"startTime":782.289,"endTime":784.269,"body":"assault a ship and they"},{"startTime":782.289,"endTime":784.269,"body":"had FedEx logo on 'em."},{"startTime":784.329,"endTime":784.929,"body":"Oh yes."},{"startTime":784.929,"endTime":785.049,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":785.139,"endTime":785.349,"body":"So"},{"startTime":785.889,"endTime":789.009,"body":"I'm imagining now like some"},{"startTime":785.889,"endTime":789.009,"body":"new science fiction movie, but"},{"startTime":789.009,"endTime":790.239,"body":"it's like Beckman cult era."},{"startTime":790.389,"endTime":790.719,"body":"They're on engine."},{"startTime":790.719,"endTime":790.899,"body":"It's like"},{"startTime":791.379,"endTime":795.699,"body":"walking out the sun as a massive next"},{"startTime":791.379,"endTime":795.699,"body":"mass spectrometer flies towards it."},{"startTime":797.949,"endTime":799.539,"body":"Fisher Scientific, all my goodness."},{"startTime":800.049,"endTime":801.879,"body":"We're not sponsored, but Fisher, we will."},{"startTime":801.999,"endTime":802.359,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":802.967,"endTime":806.627,"body":"but yeah, no, it's, uh, that, that's"},{"startTime":802.967,"endTime":806.627,"body":"really cool to, to think about,"},{"startTime":806.627,"endTime":806.897,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":806.897,"endTime":808.367,"body":"because we, it's like you said,"},{"startTime":808.367,"endTime":808.577,"body":"we,"},{"startTime":808.577,"endTime":808.727,"body":"we"},{"startTime":808.727,"endTime":809.087,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":809.087,"endTime":811.967,"body":"are already progressing towards"},{"startTime":809.087,"endTime":811.967,"body":"the technology that could be used"},{"startTime":812.267,"endTime":813.822,"body":"millions of years in the future."},{"startTime":813.852,"endTime":814.842,"body":"it's just about scale."},{"startTime":814.842,"endTime":817.722,"body":"We understand the base physics"},{"startTime":814.842,"endTime":817.722,"body":"and it's nothing new other than"},{"startTime":817.722,"endTime":819.192,"body":"just making it a little bigger."},{"startTime":819.792,"endTime":820.092,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":820.302,"endTime":820.422,"body":"Well,"},{"startTime":820.422,"endTime":821.082,"body":"just a little bit."},{"startTime":821.112,"endTime":821.292,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":821.292,"endTime":821.532,"body":"Just,"},{"startTime":821.532,"endTime":822.102,"body":"just a touch."},{"startTime":822.102,"endTime":822.372,"body":"Maybe"},{"startTime":822.372,"endTime":822.642,"body":"not,"},{"startTime":822.642,"endTime":823.422,"body":"not lab scale."},{"startTime":823.597,"endTime":824.017,"body":"that is,"},{"startTime":824.107,"endTime":825.487,"body":"that is, great to think about,"},{"startTime":825.501,"endTime":828.939,"body":"how we can actually approach"},{"startTime":825.501,"endTime":828.939,"body":"the sun and expand its life,"},{"startTime":828.939,"endTime":829.257,"body":"so"},{"startTime":829.257,"endTime":829.617,"body":"we,"},{"startTime":829.677,"endTime":832.137,"body":"we now know how to control our star."},{"startTime":832.197,"endTime":832.917,"body":"We know,"},{"startTime":832.979,"endTime":834.467,"body":"how we can control our planet."},{"startTime":834.887,"endTime":838.187,"body":"But the big thing about the"},{"startTime":834.887,"endTime":838.187,"body":"universe itself is that,"},{"startTime":838.204,"endTime":839.15,"body":"entropy, right?"},{"startTime":839.15,"endTime":840.89,"body":"E everything radiates away."},{"startTime":840.995,"endTime":843.932,"body":"So it's like you can control these"},{"startTime":840.995,"endTime":843.932,"body":"things at a smaller level, but"},{"startTime":843.932,"endTime":847.712,"body":"how do we now progress forward and"},{"startTime":843.932,"endTime":847.712,"body":"survive the death of the universe?"},{"startTime":847.982,"endTime":848.792,"body":"Yeah, and"},{"startTime":848.792,"endTime":849.002,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":849.002,"endTime":849.182,"body":"that's"},{"startTime":849.244,"endTime":849.454,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":849.454,"endTime":850.984,"body":"an oxymoron in a sense too."},{"startTime":850.984,"endTime":853.984,"body":"You can't really, of course"},{"startTime":850.984,"endTime":853.984,"body":"survive the death of the universe."},{"startTime":853.984,"endTime":857.704,"body":"There will eventually be an end, a living"},{"startTime":853.984,"endTime":857.704,"body":"forever in our universe is impossible."},{"startTime":857.704,"endTime":860.044,"body":"There, there will be an"},{"startTime":857.704,"endTime":860.044,"body":"end-state, but you can live for a"},{"startTime":860.044,"endTime":860.794,"body":"very, very,"},{"startTime":860.794,"endTime":861.634,"body":"very long time."},{"startTime":862.024,"endTime":865.564,"body":"So the last examples we gave were"},{"startTime":862.024,"endTime":865.564,"body":"extending the lifespan of your star,"},{"startTime":865.564,"endTime":867.154,"body":"extending the lifespan of your planet."},{"startTime":867.574,"endTime":869.404,"body":"Uh, you can obviously move"},{"startTime":867.574,"endTime":869.404,"body":"your planet as well through"},{"startTime":869.404,"endTime":870.754,"body":"something like a gravity tractor."},{"startTime":871.174,"endTime":875.854,"body":"Uh, I think if we're talking"},{"startTime":871.174,"endTime":875.854,"body":"about a civilization that is"},{"startTime":876.274,"endTime":877.204,"body":"progressing, progressing,"},{"startTime":877.204,"endTime":878.644,"body":"progressing, and trying to live"},{"startTime":878.644,"endTime":879.034,"body":"longer and"},{"startTime":879.034,"endTime":881.584,"body":"longer and longer than normal"},{"startTime":879.034,"endTime":881.584,"body":"course of events  might be the"},{"startTime":881.584,"endTime":882.694,"body":"things we just talked about."},{"startTime":882.874,"endTime":887.314,"body":"Extending your planet, extending your"},{"startTime":882.874,"endTime":887.314,"body":"star, and then naturally also of course."},{"startTime":888.064,"endTime":890.194,"body":"Building structures like O'Neill cylinders"},{"startTime":890.194,"endTime":890.374,"body":"and"},{"startTime":890.434,"endTime":891.814,"body":"and orbital habitats."},{"startTime":891.994,"endTime":894.004,"body":"And those are nice 'cause you"},{"startTime":891.994,"endTime":894.004,"body":"can move around other stars."},{"startTime":894.004,"endTime":894.604,"body":"And I think that's kinda"},{"startTime":894.604,"endTime":894.754,"body":"like"},{"startTime":894.754,"endTime":899.284,"body":"phase one into living into the extreme"},{"startTime":894.754,"endTime":899.284,"body":"depths of the universe into extreme age"},{"startTime":899.674,"endTime":903.904,"body":"is having a more nomadic civilization"},{"startTime":899.674,"endTime":903.904,"body":"and being able to live on these orbital"},{"startTime":903.904,"endTime":905.404,"body":"habitats and just move them from"},{"startTime":905.404,"endTime":905.794,"body":"star to"},{"startTime":905.794,"endTime":906.514,"body":"star to star."},{"startTime":907.264,"endTime":907.654,"body":"Be able"},{"startTime":907.654,"endTime":907.924,"body":"to,"},{"startTime":907.954,"endTime":911.074,"body":"to adapt as a star grows old,"},{"startTime":907.954,"endTime":911.074,"body":"you can move on to another one."},{"startTime":911.434,"endTime":911.674,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":911.944,"endTime":912.424,"body":"I mean, it,"},{"startTime":912.424,"endTime":915.868,"body":"it definitely makes sense the brighter"},{"startTime":912.424,"endTime":915.868,"body":"burning stars are going to die out faster."},{"startTime":915.868,"endTime":916.648,"body":"Luckily, ours."},{"startTime":917.023,"endTime":920.383,"body":"Has a long time to live, but we"},{"startTime":917.023,"endTime":920.383,"body":"could survive longer if we went"},{"startTime":920.383,"endTime":922.003,"body":"to, let's say, like a brown dwarf."},{"startTime":922.063,"endTime":922.693,"body":"Yeah, for sure."},{"startTime":922.693,"endTime":922.933,"body":"I mean,"},{"startTime":922.933,"endTime":925.573,"body":"our son has a lifespan of"},{"startTime":922.933,"endTime":925.573,"body":"about 10 billion years."},{"startTime":925.578,"endTime":925.778,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":925.858,"endTime":927.043,"body":"We're about in the"},{"startTime":925.858,"endTime":927.043,"body":"middle of that right now."},{"startTime":927.043,"endTime":928.183,"body":"It's about 5 billion years old."},{"startTime":928.513,"endTime":931.933,"body":"And in about another billion years it"},{"startTime":928.513,"endTime":931.933,"body":"would be, uh, effectively inhabitable,"},{"startTime":932.016,"endTime":933.306,"body":"unless we could extend the lifespan."},{"startTime":933.336,"endTime":936.636,"body":"And, but like you said, things like"},{"startTime":933.336,"endTime":936.636,"body":"round dwarfs, red dwarfs, the smaller"},{"startTime":936.636,"endTime":938.016,"body":"the star, the longer it burns."},{"startTime":938.016,"endTime":938.136,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":938.496,"endTime":941.946,"body":"And so trying to harvest the energy"},{"startTime":938.496,"endTime":941.946,"body":"of these longer burning stars would"},{"startTime":941.946,"endTime":943.236,"body":"be a way, of course, to live longer."},{"startTime":943.676,"endTime":946.466,"body":"Smart civilization actually"},{"startTime":943.676,"endTime":946.466,"body":"might go a step further than this"},{"startTime":946.496,"endTime":948.206,"body":"and try to redistribute matter."},{"startTime":948.536,"endTime":954.116,"body":"If you are preparing to really live"},{"startTime":948.536,"endTime":954.116,"body":"into the long-term age of the universe,"},{"startTime":954.116,"endTime":958.162,"body":"you may start pulling matter away 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pressures"},{"startTime":995.917,"endTime":999.037,"body":"needed to achieve fusion."},{"startTime":999.307,"endTime":1001.677,"body":"And you can basically just create"},{"startTime":999.307,"endTime":1001.677,"body":"stars and use 'em up as you go."},{"startTime":1002.337,"endTime":1005.517,"body":"That, uh, that's actually"},{"startTime":1002.337,"endTime":1005.517,"body":"a brilliant concept, right?"},{"startTime":1005.517,"endTime":1008.427,"body":"Because all that you need is"},{"startTime":1005.517,"endTime":1008.427,"body":"enough gravity to hold the"},{"startTime":1008.427,"endTime":1010.317,"body":"mass of gases that you prefer."},{"startTime":1011.037,"endTime":1013.677,"body":"Like you could just put a solid"},{"startTime":1011.037,"endTime":1013.677,"body":"iron core in there, something"},{"startTime":1013.677,"endTime":1015.357,"body":"that won't degrade on its own."},{"startTime":1015.897,"endTime":1019.467,"body":"Um, and then just have the gases float"},{"startTime":1015.897,"endTime":1019.467,"body":"around them and then, like you said, just"},{"startTime":1019.467,"endTime":1022.797,"body":"add a little bit more mass and get it"},{"startTime":1019.467,"endTime":1022.797,"body":"to that point to where it just ignites."},{"startTime":1022.887,"endTime":1023.697,"body":"Yeah, exactly."},{"startTime":1023.697,"endTime":1024.777,"body":"It's like tending a fire."},{"startTime":1024.777,"endTime":1025.407,"body":"When you're camping."},{"startTime":1025.407,"endTime":1028.257,"body":"You don't wanna have this super"},{"startTime":1025.407,"endTime":1028.257,"body":"bright burning fire 'cause it's gonna"},{"startTime":1028.257,"endTime":1029.577,"body":"burn through all your wood too fast."},{"startTime":1029.577,"endTime":1032.967,"body":"But if you just keep it glowing red"},{"startTime":1029.577,"endTime":1032.967,"body":"and you just add a little more fuel, a"},{"startTime":1032.967,"endTime":1036.297,"body":"little at a time, 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Elements of your civilization,"},{"startTime":1064.541,"endTime":1068.621,"body":"maybe drones, maybe people going"},{"startTime":1064.541,"endTime":1068.621,"body":"out and gathering up these resources"},{"startTime":1068.621,"endTime":1072.251,"body":"from stars, extinguishing them,"},{"startTime":1068.621,"endTime":1072.251,"body":"packaging them up into a nice,"},{"startTime":1072.307,"endTime":1076.177,"body":"gas giant and shipping it back"},{"startTime":1072.307,"endTime":1076.177,"body":"to wherever your civilization"},{"startTime":1076.177,"endTime":1077.227,"body":"wants to continue living."},{"startTime":1077.557,"endTime":1079.627,"body":"Uh, but timing it in such a way that"},{"startTime":1079.725,"endTime":1081.577,"body":"it's just gonna arrive right as you need."},{"startTime":1082.057,"endTime":1084.757,"body":"And you're doing this in your whole"},{"startTime":1082.057,"endTime":1084.757,"body":"galaxy, just funneling all these 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like"},{"startTime":1098.111,"endTime":1098.681,"body":"the,"},{"startTime":1098.681,"endTime":1101.051,"body":"the end game boss of Amazon"},{"startTime":1102.071,"endTime":1102.911,"body":"shipping gas Giant."},{"startTime":1103.331,"endTime":1103.481,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":1103.481,"endTime":1103.781,"body":"Like,"},{"startTime":1103.781,"endTime":1106.061,"body":"like gas giant production and shipping."},{"startTime":1106.331,"endTime":1106.631,"body":"You know,"},{"startTime":1106.631,"endTime":1107.591,"body":"three day shipping"},{"startTime":1107.591,"endTime":1107.861,"body":"on,"},{"startTime":1107.861,"endTime":1108.941,"body":"on gas giants,"},{"startTime":1108.941,"endTime":1112.091,"body":"2000 light year guaranteed,"},{"startTime":1108.941,"endTime":1112.091,"body":"or your money back."},{"startTime":1112.091,"endTime":1113.951,"body":"Customer satisfaction, dude."},{"startTime":1115.091,"endTime":1115.691,"body":"Oh man."},{"startTime":1115.691,"endTime":1118.451,"body":"And then of course, the whole time you're"},{"startTime":1115.691,"endTime":1118.451,"body":"doing this, you're probably, whatever"},{"startTime":1118.451,"endTime":1121.421,"body":"stars you're keeping alive to feed"},{"startTime":1118.451,"endTime":1121.421,"body":"your civilization or to harvest energy"},{"startTime":1121.421,"endTime":1124.897,"body":"from, you're probably, again, doing the"},{"startTime":1121.421,"endTime":1124.897,"body":"stellar harvesting, pulling up all the"},{"startTime":1124.897,"endTime":1128.317,"body":"elements, filtering out the ones that"},{"startTime":1124.897,"endTime":1128.317,"body":"are no longer useful, and using them for"},{"startTime":1128.317,"endTime":1128.677,"body":"other,"},{"startTime":1128.691,"endTime":1131.336,"body":"things in your civilization"},{"startTime":1128.691,"endTime":1131.336,"body":"and repoing in the hydrogen."},{"startTime":1131.901,"endTime":1134.481,"body":"And just keeping it running as"},{"startTime":1131.901,"endTime":1134.481,"body":"clean as possible because again, you"},{"startTime":1134.481,"endTime":1136.101,"body":"don't want, uh, to poison the stars."},{"startTime":1136.101,"endTime":1139.417,"body":"You don't want 'em to run hotter"},{"startTime":1136.101,"endTime":1139.417,"body":"than absolutely necessary because The"},{"startTime":1139.417,"endTime":1140.797,"body":"time spans we're talking about again,"},{"startTime":1140.797,"endTime":1141.127,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1141.204,"endTime":1143.694,"body":"hundreds of billions of"},{"startTime":1141.204,"endTime":1143.694,"body":"years, trillions of years."},{"startTime":1144.054,"endTime":1145.014,"body":"Uh, add up quick."},{"startTime":1145.769,"endTime":1145.949,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1145.949,"endTime":1146.369,"body":"See,"},{"startTime":1146.459,"endTime":1146.879,"body":"I mean,"},{"startTime":1146.939,"endTime":1147.419,"body":"uh, that's,"},{"startTime":1147.929,"endTime":1148.139,"body":"that,"},{"startTime":1148.139,"endTime":1148.409,"body":"that"},{"startTime":1148.409,"endTime":1148.649,"body":"I,"},{"startTime":1148.649,"endTime":1150.059,"body":"I love that for humanity."},{"startTime":1150.059,"endTime":1153.359,"body":"If we could revert back to like Native"},{"startTime":1150.059,"endTime":1153.359,"body":"American ways, become a nomadic culture"},{"startTime":1153.359,"endTime":1155.279,"body":"again, we use every part of the planet"},{"startTime":1156.149,"endTime":1156.989,"body":"of the universe, really."},{"startTime":1156.989,"endTime":1157.979,"body":"Of the universe."},{"startTime":1158.069,"endTime":1158.129,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1158.459,"endTime":1159.539,"body":"Uh, waste, not whatnot."},{"startTime":1159.539,"endTime":1159.989,"body":"I guess"},{"startTime":1159.989,"endTime":1160.499,"body":"That's right."},{"startTime":1160.559,"endTime":1162.149,"body":"But there are ways we"},{"startTime":1160.559,"endTime":1162.149,"body":"can be more efficient."},{"startTime":1162.179,"endTime":1164.279,"body":"Uh, the human body is"},{"startTime":1162.179,"endTime":1164.279,"body":"actually fairly efficient."},{"startTime":1164.309,"endTime":1164.549,"body":"We,"},{"startTime":1164.549,"endTime":1167.339,"body":"we run basically a supercomputer"},{"startTime":1164.549,"endTime":1167.339,"body":"on a hundred watts, the same thing."},{"startTime":1167.339,"endTime":1169.019,"body":"You run a small refrigerator, light bulb."},{"startTime":1169.379,"endTime":1171.324,"body":"Uh, our brains are amazing, but"},{"startTime":1169.379,"endTime":1171.324,"body":"we could potentially do better."},{"startTime":1172.004,"endTime":1172.394,"body":"And this is"},{"startTime":1172.394,"endTime":1172.814,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":1172.814,"endTime":1176.114,"body":"the idea behind something known"},{"startTime":1172.814,"endTime":1176.114,"body":"as the Dyson Eternal Intelligence."},{"startTime":1176.414,"endTime":1178.004,"body":"And this is, again, this"},{"startTime":1176.414,"endTime":1178.004,"body":"is not a new concept."},{"startTime":1178.004,"endTime":1178.184,"body":"We,"},{"startTime":1178.184,"endTime":1180.254,"body":"we've talked about matrika brains."},{"startTime":1180.314,"endTime":1180.524,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1180.704,"endTime":1182.414,"body":"And I know this is something"},{"startTime":1180.704,"endTime":1182.414,"body":"you were talking about before we"},{"startTime":1182.414,"endTime":1184.514,"body":"recorded, so I'll let you take"},{"startTime":1182.414,"endTime":1184.514,"body":"over if you wanna dive into it."},{"startTime":1184.574,"endTime":1184.934,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1184.934,"endTime":1185.474,"body":"I mean,"},{"startTime":1185.504,"endTime":1188.361,"body":"really the concept is, you"},{"startTime":1185.504,"endTime":1188.361,"body":"could do it one of two ways."},{"startTime":1188.378,"endTime":1191.759,"body":"figuring out how to upload a"},{"startTime":1188.378,"endTime":1191.759,"body":"consciousness, into a massive"},{"startTime":1191.759,"endTime":1193.019,"body":"computer system like that."},{"startTime":1193.049,"endTime":1196.529,"body":"And then surviving just off of"},{"startTime":1193.049,"endTime":1196.529,"body":"powering that computer system,"},{"startTime":1196.529,"endTime":1199.619,"body":"which of course is going to be a lot"},{"startTime":1196.529,"endTime":1199.619,"body":"less than the production of food."},{"startTime":1199.691,"endTime":1203.396,"body":"Actually maintaining surviving life"},{"startTime":1199.691,"endTime":1203.396,"body":"forms throughout a civilization."},{"startTime":1203.766,"endTime":1204.289,"body":"and"},{"startTime":1204.349,"endTime":1204.649,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1204.649,"endTime":1208.459,"body":"just being able to create whatever"},{"startTime":1204.649,"endTime":1208.459,"body":"reality you want, you can distort time"},{"startTime":1208.459,"endTime":1211.313,"body":"so that it feels like relative infinity."},{"startTime":1211.433,"endTime":1211.583,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1211.583,"endTime":1211.703,"body":"For,"},{"startTime":1211.703,"endTime":1212.423,"body":"for these people."},{"startTime":1212.423,"endTime":1214.733,"body":"And what you mean by distort time"},{"startTime":1212.423,"endTime":1214.733,"body":"is not to distort the time of the"},{"startTime":1214.733,"endTime":1217.696,"body":"universe, but you can run your"},{"startTime":1214.733,"endTime":1217.696,"body":"civilization at different clock speeds."},{"startTime":1217.813,"endTime":1218.533,"body":"Exactly."},{"startTime":1218.593,"endTime":1219.913,"body":"And for the people of course,"},{"startTime":1219.922,"endTime":1222.329,"body":"experiencing that, it"},{"startTime":1219.922,"endTime":1222.329,"body":"wouldn't feel any different."},{"startTime":1222.739,"endTime":1223.729,"body":"Internally it would not."},{"startTime":1223.819,"endTime":1224.149,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":1224.149,"endTime":1224.449,"body":"But,"},{"startTime":1224.449,"endTime":1224.689,"body":"but"},{"startTime":1224.689,"endTime":1224.929,"body":"we,"},{"startTime":1224.929,"endTime":1228.199,"body":"we can slow it down to"},{"startTime":1224.929,"endTime":1228.199,"body":"last trillions of years."},{"startTime":1228.259,"endTime":1229.309,"body":"And it's the same way."},{"startTime":1229.35,"endTime":1233.273,"body":"another concept that I've seen"},{"startTime":1229.35,"endTime":1233.273,"body":"is essentially we maintain"},{"startTime":1233.423,"endTime":1233.836,"body":"our,"},{"startTime":1233.836,"endTime":1236.896,"body":"bodies, but we slow our"},{"startTime":1233.836,"endTime":1236.896,"body":"metabolisms down to essentially"},{"startTime":1236.896,"endTime":1237.256,"body":"like"},{"startTime":1237.586,"endTime":1239.204,"body":"one, 100th of the speed."},{"startTime":1239.204,"endTime":1242.683,"body":"then, your brain of course, would process"},{"startTime":1239.204,"endTime":1242.683,"body":"things at that slower amount, but you'd"},{"startTime":1242.683,"endTime":1244.723,"body":"also consume that much less energy."},{"startTime":1244.728,"endTime":1244.738,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1245.363,"endTime":1246.353,"body":"Um, as you survive."},{"startTime":1246.383,"endTime":1247.913,"body":"Now that's a less efficient way."},{"startTime":1247.973,"endTime":1251.903,"body":"It, that's just a way that we can"},{"startTime":1247.973,"endTime":1251.903,"body":"think about if actually uploading"},{"startTime":1251.903,"endTime":1253.493,"body":"a consciousness is not possible."},{"startTime":1253.853,"endTime":1254.063,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1254.303,"endTime":1255.293,"body":"Which I think it will be."},{"startTime":1255.383,"endTime":1256.703,"body":"I don't see any reason why it wouldn't be."},{"startTime":1256.703,"endTime":1256.853,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1256.913,"endTime":1257.333,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":1257.333,"endTime":1257.543,"body":"we,"},{"startTime":1257.543,"endTime":1258.263,"body":"we talked about it."},{"startTime":1258.263,"endTime":1260.753,"body":"There are some questions about it,"},{"startTime":1258.263,"endTime":1260.753,"body":"but I do like the idea of building"},{"startTime":1260.753,"endTime":1263.783,"body":"a Dyson swarm, uh, and effectively"},{"startTime":1260.753,"endTime":1263.783,"body":"using it to run computation, which"},{"startTime":1263.783,"endTime":1265.313,"body":"is all that the a matrika brain is."},{"startTime":1265.346,"endTime":1267.956,"body":"It's just these orbital computers"},{"startTime":1265.346,"endTime":1267.956,"body":"that harvest energy from their star"},{"startTime":1267.956,"endTime":1271.376,"body":"and they use all that energy, uh, to"},{"startTime":1267.956,"endTime":1271.376,"body":"run computation versus a traditional"},{"startTime":1271.376,"endTime":1275.036,"body":"Dyson swarm, which uses that energy"},{"startTime":1271.376,"endTime":1275.036,"body":"to power a biological civilization."},{"startTime":1275.246,"endTime":1275.336,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1275.606,"endTime":1279.296,"body":"Uh, something that I do like also the idea"},{"startTime":1275.606,"endTime":1279.296,"body":"of is that if you do have a Matrika brand,"},{"startTime":1279.416,"endTime":1282.286,"body":"and it's not just one super intelligence,"},{"startTime":1279.416,"endTime":1282.286,"body":"it's a bunch of, civilization."},{"startTime":1282.343,"endTime":1284.526,"body":"Or even if it is one super"},{"startTime":1282.343,"endTime":1284.526,"body":"intelligence, it really doesn't matter."},{"startTime":1284.826,"endTime":1287.323,"body":"But you can almost imagine"},{"startTime":1284.826,"endTime":1287.323,"body":"this, Dyson Swarm, right?"},{"startTime":1287.323,"endTime":1290.833,"body":"The Nagios brain existing around"},{"startTime":1287.323,"endTime":1290.833,"body":"a star and then starting to ship"},{"startTime":1290.833,"endTime":1294.013,"body":"off all of its probes to move on to"},{"startTime":1290.833,"endTime":1294.013,"body":"another star as this one's consumed"},{"startTime":1294.013,"endTime":1294.163,"body":"and,"},{"startTime":1294.163,"endTime":1296.026,"body":"and continue harvesting"},{"startTime":1294.163,"endTime":1296.026,"body":"energy, from that one."},{"startTime":1296.026,"endTime":1299.776,"body":"And it could just move around the whole"},{"startTime":1296.026,"endTime":1299.776,"body":"galaxy really, if it wanted to from star"},{"startTime":1299.776,"endTime":1300.316,"body":"to star, to star,"},{"startTime":1300.316,"endTime":1302.956,"body":"to star, uh, taking advantage of"},{"startTime":1300.316,"endTime":1302.956,"body":"them as they start to burn out."},{"startTime":1303.076,"endTime":1303.256,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1303.286,"endTime":1306.66,"body":"But I do still think any entity that"},{"startTime":1303.286,"endTime":1306.66,"body":"recognized that it could potentially"},{"startTime":1306.66,"endTime":1308.07,"body":"live for a long time, and it wanted to."},{"startTime":1308.385,"endTime":1310.395,"body":"I don't think that's the approach"},{"startTime":1308.385,"endTime":1310.395,"body":"it would necessarily take."},{"startTime":1310.455,"endTime":1313.425,"body":"I think it would, especially if"},{"startTime":1310.455,"endTime":1313.425,"body":"it found itself being the only"},{"startTime":1313.845,"endTime":1316.665,"body":"intelligent life in the universe, is"},{"startTime":1313.845,"endTime":1316.665,"body":"that it would move from star to star."},{"startTime":1316.665,"endTime":1319.605,"body":"Probably extinguishing them to"},{"startTime":1316.665,"endTime":1319.605,"body":"save that matter to get through"},{"startTime":1319.635,"endTime":1321.435,"body":"later as the universe gets older."},{"startTime":1322.095,"endTime":1322.545,"body":"Yeah, no,"},{"startTime":1322.545,"endTime":1322.875,"body":"I mean,"},{"startTime":1322.875,"endTime":1324.375,"body":"that would make sense, right?"},{"startTime":1324.375,"endTime":1327.555,"body":"Because if you're trying to live for as"},{"startTime":1324.375,"endTime":1327.555,"body":"long as you can, you don't wanna jump from"},{"startTime":1327.555,"endTime":1327.945,"body":"star to"},{"startTime":1327.945,"endTime":1331.125,"body":"star to star because there will"},{"startTime":1327.945,"endTime":1331.125,"body":"come a time when the stars die."},{"startTime":1331.155,"endTime":1333.405,"body":"You wanna live past when the stars die."},{"startTime":1333.87,"endTime":1335.52,"body":"So you would need storage."},{"startTime":1335.52,"endTime":1339.86,"body":"And we talked about a couple ways already"},{"startTime":1335.52,"endTime":1339.86,"body":"storing it as a more stable elements"},{"startTime":1339.86,"endTime":1340.13,"body":"that,"},{"startTime":1340.13,"endTime":1340.61,"body":"that aren't,"},{"startTime":1340.61,"endTime":1340.94,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1340.94,"endTime":1343.85,"body":"burning off that energy as quickly,"},{"startTime":1340.94,"endTime":1343.85,"body":"like gas giants, things like that."},{"startTime":1344.555,"endTime":1348.275,"body":"Or storing them in massive"},{"startTime":1344.555,"endTime":1348.275,"body":"unconceivable batteries."},{"startTime":1348.365,"endTime":1348.665,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":1348.85,"endTime":1349.07,"body":"it,"},{"startTime":1349.075,"endTime":1349.743,"body":"it gets tricky."},{"startTime":1349.743,"endTime":1350.751,"body":"for anyone who isn't familiar,"},{"startTime":1350.751,"endTime":1351.111,"body":"the,"},{"startTime":1351.111,"endTime":1352.311,"body":"the idea, the timeline"},{"startTime":1352.311,"endTime":1352.581,"body":"on the,"},{"startTime":1352.581,"endTime":1354.657,"body":"on the universe, Uh, we're"},{"startTime":1352.581,"endTime":1354.657,"body":"in the Solaris era right now."},{"startTime":1354.657,"endTime":1359.226,"body":"So the star forming era and we're"},{"startTime":1354.657,"endTime":1359.226,"body":"gonna be in this for a couple"},{"startTime":1359.226,"endTime":1360.756,"body":"may, maybe about a trillion years."},{"startTime":1360.796,"endTime":1363.701,"body":"After that, you're going to have,"},{"startTime":1360.796,"endTime":1363.701,"body":"obviously all the faster burning"},{"startTime":1363.701,"endTime":1365.291,"body":"stars are going to all burn out"},{"startTime":1365.291,"endTime":1365.471,"body":"and,"},{"startTime":1365.801,"endTime":1366.641,"body":"and go extinct."},{"startTime":1366.641,"endTime":1369.031,"body":"And then you're gonna be left"},{"startTime":1366.641,"endTime":1369.031,"body":"with red dwarfs and stellar"},{"startTime":1369.031,"endTime":1370.651,"body":"remnants for a very long time."},{"startTime":1371.071,"endTime":1374.401,"body":"Uh, but even those will eventually burn"},{"startTime":1371.071,"endTime":1374.401,"body":"out and you're gonna end up with this"},{"startTime":1374.401,"endTime":1379.545,"body":"really long transition period where"},{"startTime":1374.401,"endTime":1379.545,"body":"all of the stars are burnt out and."},{"startTime":1379.673,"endTime":1382.523,"body":"You aren't yet at a point where"},{"startTime":1379.673,"endTime":1382.523,"body":"black holes are releasing energy"},{"startTime":1382.523,"endTime":1383.603,"body":"through hawking radiation."},{"startTime":1383.608,"endTime":1383.828,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1384.053,"endTime":1387.563,"body":"And so you need to plan to"},{"startTime":1384.053,"endTime":1387.563,"body":"survive this really long, cold,"},{"startTime":1387.563,"endTime":1390.443,"body":"dark era of the universe and,"},{"startTime":1390.443,"endTime":1390.713,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1390.713,"endTime":1394.913,"body":"hopefully get through this effective"},{"startTime":1390.713,"endTime":1394.913,"body":"energy gap to hopefully make it"},{"startTime":1394.913,"endTime":1395.363,"body":"to the,"},{"startTime":1395.363,"endTime":1397.673,"body":"to the point in time when black"},{"startTime":1395.363,"endTime":1397.673,"body":"holes start releasing energy"},{"startTime":1397.913,"endTime":1398.933,"body":"through hawking radiation."},{"startTime":1399.233,"endTime":1402.713,"body":"And so that's what any entity that"},{"startTime":1399.233,"endTime":1402.713,"body":"is planning on living for hundreds"},{"startTime":1402.713,"endTime":1406.733,"body":"of trillions of years has to plan"},{"startTime":1402.713,"endTime":1406.733,"body":"for, is how to save energy and"},{"startTime":1406.733,"endTime":1408.083,"body":"matter to make it through this gap."},{"startTime":1408.449,"endTime":1410.489,"body":"I know we talked about"},{"startTime":1408.449,"endTime":1410.489,"body":"this a little bit before."},{"startTime":1410.549,"endTime":1411.719,"body":"Um, for me,"},{"startTime":1411.779,"endTime":1412.139,"body":"I,"},{"startTime":1412.469,"endTime":1416.309,"body":"I always had this misconception"},{"startTime":1412.469,"endTime":1416.309,"body":"that the stars would die and"},{"startTime":1416.309,"endTime":1418.049,"body":"then the black holes were there."},{"startTime":1418.109,"endTime":1418.319,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1418.319,"endTime":1420.929,"body":"And then we would go there and we"},{"startTime":1418.319,"endTime":1420.929,"body":"would just start harvesting energy"},{"startTime":1420.929,"endTime":1423.13,"body":"from them, to support the civilization."},{"startTime":1423.16,"endTime":1425.8,"body":"But like you just said, and how"},{"startTime":1423.16,"endTime":1425.8,"body":"you told me before, there's this."},{"startTime":1425.893,"endTime":1426.583,"body":"massive gap."},{"startTime":1426.583,"endTime":1429.193,"body":"And when you say massive,"},{"startTime":1426.583,"endTime":1429.193,"body":"you mean how many trillions?"},{"startTime":1429.193,"endTime":1429.613,"body":"A years."},{"startTime":1429.823,"endTime":1433.933,"body":"Uh, it works out that the time it's gonna"},{"startTime":1429.823,"endTime":1433.933,"body":"take from the beginning of the universe"},{"startTime":1433.963,"endTime":1437.585,"body":"to when the last star burns out, you're"},{"startTime":1433.963,"endTime":1437.585,"body":"gonna have multitudes of that time longer"},{"startTime":1437.585,"endTime":1441.215,"body":"until the first black hole starts to"},{"startTime":1437.585,"endTime":1441.215,"body":"whittle down to the point of actually"},{"startTime":1441.454,"endTime":1443.259,"body":"releasing more energy than it consumes."},{"startTime":1443.259,"endTime":1445.072,"body":"Because this is an important"},{"startTime":1443.259,"endTime":1445.072,"body":"thing to keep in mind."},{"startTime":1445.414,"endTime":1447.214,"body":"Black holes right now, the"},{"startTime":1445.414,"endTime":1447.214,"body":"super massive black holes,"},{"startTime":1447.514,"endTime":1449.344,"body":"they still net consume energy."},{"startTime":1449.344,"endTime":1450.094,"body":"They're still growing."},{"startTime":1450.514,"endTime":1454.234,"body":"So black holes release so little energy"},{"startTime":1450.514,"endTime":1454.234,"body":"right now through hawking radiation that"},{"startTime":1454.234,"endTime":1457.834,"body":"the cosmic microwave background, just"},{"startTime":1454.234,"endTime":1457.834,"body":"the background energy of our universe"},{"startTime":1458.194,"endTime":1460.894,"body":"is greater than the energy that they"},{"startTime":1458.194,"endTime":1460.894,"body":"release through hawking radiation."},{"startTime":1460.894,"endTime":1461.794,"body":"So they're still growing."},{"startTime":1462.214,"endTime":1466.324,"body":"And for a black hole, the bigger it is,"},{"startTime":1462.214,"endTime":1466.324,"body":"the less hawking radiation it puts out."},{"startTime":1466.324,"endTime":1466.444,"body":"It's"},{"startTime":1466.444,"endTime":1466.714,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":1466.714,"endTime":1468.724,"body":"an inverse of what you might expect."},{"startTime":1468.964,"endTime":1472.054,"body":"Smaller black holes emit a lot"},{"startTime":1468.964,"endTime":1472.054,"body":"more radiation than bigger black"},{"startTime":1472.054,"endTime":1473.944,"body":"holes, and so you're gonna have."},{"startTime":1474.454,"endTime":1477.424,"body":"Hundreds and hundreds of trillions of"},{"startTime":1474.454,"endTime":1477.424,"body":"years that you're gonna have to survive"},{"startTime":1477.724,"endTime":1482.118,"body":"from when the last star burns out to when"},{"startTime":1477.724,"endTime":1482.118,"body":"the first black hole, really starts to"},{"startTime":1482.427,"endTime":1485.097,"body":"release energy, uh, through evaporation."},{"startTime":1485.097,"endTime":1486.297,"body":"Because what has to happen is that"},{"startTime":1486.297,"endTime":1486.477,"body":"the,"},{"startTime":1486.477,"endTime":1489.897,"body":"the cosmic microwave background of"},{"startTime":1486.477,"endTime":1489.897,"body":"the universe has to get cold enough"},{"startTime":1489.927,"endTime":1493.017,"body":"that black holes start exporting"},{"startTime":1489.927,"endTime":1493.017,"body":"energy instead of importing energy."},{"startTime":1493.135,"endTime":1494.245,"body":"and then they'll start to shrink."},{"startTime":1494.275,"endTime":1497.275,"body":"And once they start shrinking, you can"},{"startTime":1494.275,"endTime":1497.275,"body":"actually harvest that hawking radiation."},{"startTime":1497.515,"endTime":1498.085,"body":"But at the beginning,"},{"startTime":1498.085,"endTime":1498.265,"body":"it's,"},{"startTime":1498.265,"endTime":1498.625,"body":"it's."},{"startTime":1498.803,"endTime":1499.883,"body":"A tiny amount."},{"startTime":1500.183,"endTime":1500.423,"body":"I mean,"},{"startTime":1500.423,"endTime":1503.649,"body":"we're talking about maybe one"},{"startTime":1500.423,"endTime":1503.649,"body":"or two protons of energy every"},{"startTime":1503.649,"endTime":1506.889,"body":"couple of billion years, uh, when"},{"startTime":1503.649,"endTime":1506.889,"body":"these first start to evaporate."},{"startTime":1507.249,"endTime":1509.979,"body":"So it takes a long time for them to"},{"startTime":1507.249,"endTime":1509.979,"body":"release a useful amount of energy,"},{"startTime":1510.369,"endTime":1510.969,"body":"which is just"},{"startTime":1510.969,"endTime":1511.239,"body":"like,"},{"startTime":1511.244,"endTime":1514.119,"body":"like insane that something"},{"startTime":1511.244,"endTime":1514.119,"body":"with so much energy inside"},{"startTime":1514.119,"endTime":1515.589,"body":"of it could only produce that"},{"startTime":1515.647,"endTime":1518.047,"body":"little amount over such"},{"startTime":1515.647,"endTime":1518.047,"body":"a span of time now."},{"startTime":1518.047,"endTime":1519.227,"body":"But that does make me think."},{"startTime":1519.284,"endTime":1522.014,"body":"have another storage method,"},{"startTime":1519.284,"endTime":1522.014,"body":"which we've actually talked about"},{"startTime":1522.014,"endTime":1525.824,"body":"before, is like, what if we created"},{"startTime":1522.014,"endTime":1525.824,"body":"our own artificial black holes?"},{"startTime":1526.004,"endTime":1526.544,"body":"Absolutely."},{"startTime":1526.544,"endTime":1528.344,"body":"That is definitely"},{"startTime":1526.544,"endTime":1528.344,"body":"something that you could do."},{"startTime":1528.644,"endTime":1530.774,"body":"There is a question, and if"},{"startTime":1528.644,"endTime":1530.774,"body":"you can make micro black holes"},{"startTime":1530.779,"endTime":1530.909,"body":"mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1531.029,"endTime":1533.774,"body":"But you could definitely make stellar"},{"startTime":1531.029,"endTime":1533.774,"body":"mass black holes pretty easily."},{"startTime":1533.774,"endTime":1535.784,"body":"Just throw two stars"},{"startTime":1533.774,"endTime":1535.784,"body":"together, works pretty well."},{"startTime":1536.022,"endTime":1538.932,"body":"Those potentially wouldn't last as"},{"startTime":1536.022,"endTime":1538.932,"body":"long as the super massive black holes."},{"startTime":1539.322,"endTime":1541.992,"body":"If you could make smaller black holes,"},{"startTime":1539.322,"endTime":1541.992,"body":"that'd be even better because then you"},{"startTime":1541.992,"endTime":1543.402,"body":"could potentially make 'em at will."},{"startTime":1543.642,"endTime":1548.024,"body":"And that's a way to effectively"},{"startTime":1543.642,"endTime":1548.024,"body":"100% turn matter into energy."},{"startTime":1548.368,"endTime":1548.578,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":1548.638,"endTime":1549.052,"body":"I mean"},{"startTime":1549.056,"endTime":1550.065,"body":"that would be perfect."},{"startTime":1550.065,"endTime":1550.185,"body":"Like,"},{"startTime":1550.19,"endTime":1550.635,"body":"like that."},{"startTime":1550.635,"endTime":1553.965,"body":"That's really now since we've been"},{"startTime":1550.635,"endTime":1553.965,"body":"talking about it, one of the only"},{"startTime":1553.965,"endTime":1557.78,"body":"conceivable ways that I could think of us"},{"startTime":1553.965,"endTime":1557.78,"body":"surviving that amount of time in between."},{"startTime":1558.66,"endTime":1562.2,"body":"Harvesting energy from the stars"},{"startTime":1558.66,"endTime":1562.2,"body":"and then harvesting energy from the"},{"startTime":1562.2,"endTime":1563.79,"body":"natural black holes in our universe."},{"startTime":1563.85,"endTime":1564.66,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"startTime":1564.66,"endTime":1567.39,"body":"At least through hawking radiation,"},{"startTime":1564.66,"endTime":1567.39,"body":"you can still harvest energy from"},{"startTime":1567.39,"endTime":1568.38,"body":"black holes through other means."},{"startTime":1568.38,"endTime":1571.38,"body":"You can throw mass into them"},{"startTime":1568.38,"endTime":1571.38,"body":"and harvest the gravitational"},{"startTime":1571.38,"endTime":1572.79,"body":"energy as stuff falls in."},{"startTime":1572.88,"endTime":1573.09,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1573.12,"endTime":1573.54,"body":"But of course"},{"startTime":1573.59,"endTime":1575.66,"body":"That means you still need"},{"startTime":1573.59,"endTime":1575.66,"body":"to have mass around to use."},{"startTime":1575.93,"endTime":1576.86,"body":"Eventually it'll run out."},{"startTime":1576.986,"endTime":1579.92,"body":"you can also harvest the rotational"},{"startTime":1576.986,"endTime":1579.92,"body":"energy of a black hole, they have"},{"startTime":1579.92,"endTime":1582.53,"body":"this thing called the ergos sphere,"},{"startTime":1579.92,"endTime":1582.53,"body":"which is effectively a spinning"},{"startTime":1582.53,"endTime":1584.63,"body":"black hole, which almost all black"},{"startTime":1582.53,"endTime":1584.63,"body":"holes are spinning black holes."},{"startTime":1585.05,"endTime":1587.72,"body":"Uh, they actually do something"},{"startTime":1585.05,"endTime":1587.72,"body":"called frame dragging where they drag"},{"startTime":1587.72,"endTime":1590.57,"body":"space time around them and there's a"},{"startTime":1587.72,"endTime":1590.57,"body":"certain amount of energy stored into"},{"startTime":1590.57,"endTime":1590.78,"body":"that"},{"startTime":1590.78,"endTime":1592.52,"body":"that you can take advantage of and take."},{"startTime":1592.85,"endTime":1595.94,"body":"That still involves dropping some matter"},{"startTime":1592.85,"endTime":1595.94,"body":"into the black hole to harvest it, so you"},{"startTime":1595.94,"endTime":1597.74,"body":"could still eventually run out of matter."},{"startTime":1598.07,"endTime":1601.04,"body":"And this is all ignoring another"},{"startTime":1598.07,"endTime":1601.04,"body":"elephant in that room that maybe some"},{"startTime":1601.04,"endTime":1602.66,"body":"people are familiar with, which is"},{"startTime":1602.66,"endTime":1602.9,"body":"it's,"},{"startTime":1602.93,"endTime":1605.27,"body":"it's possible that matter"},{"startTime":1602.93,"endTime":1605.27,"body":"itself is not stable over these"},{"startTime":1605.27,"endTime":1607.07,"body":"long periods of time, which is"},{"startTime":1607.07,"endTime":1607.31,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":1607.31,"endTime":1608.54,"body":"hard to wrap your head around."},{"startTime":1608.54,"endTime":1611.12,"body":"But there is a theory"},{"startTime":1608.54,"endTime":1611.12,"body":"that protons could decay."},{"startTime":1611.46,"endTime":1611.94,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1612.03,"endTime":1613.35,"body":"And how would that occur?"},{"startTime":1613.65,"endTime":1617.141,"body":"So, I think we have a very science"},{"startTime":1613.65,"endTime":1617.141,"body":"literate audience, but for people not"},{"startTime":1617.141,"endTime":1620.201,"body":"familiar, of course, atoms are made"},{"startTime":1617.141,"endTime":1620.201,"body":"of protons, neutrons, and electrons."},{"startTime":1620.411,"endTime":1620.501,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1620.501,"endTime":1624.011,"body":"So if you have protons decaying, that"},{"startTime":1620.501,"endTime":1624.011,"body":"means matter itself is not stable."},{"startTime":1624.311,"endTime":1625.271,"body":"Matter will decay."},{"startTime":1625.721,"endTime":1629.588,"body":"And what this could potentially mean"},{"startTime":1625.721,"endTime":1629.588,"body":"is if, there's some grand unified"},{"startTime":1629.588,"endTime":1632.378,"body":"theories of the universe that states"},{"startTime":1629.588,"endTime":1632.378,"body":"that over really long periods of time,"},{"startTime":1632.798,"endTime":1635.048,"body":"protons will actually collapse into"},{"startTime":1635.048,"endTime":1635.198,"body":"like"},{"startTime":1635.198,"endTime":1638.798,"body":"a positron and then some other, uh,"},{"startTime":1635.198,"endTime":1638.798,"body":"neutral particle would not matter."},{"startTime":1639.443,"endTime":1641.243,"body":"And if that happens,"},{"startTime":1639.443,"endTime":1641.243,"body":"you're pretty well screwed."},{"startTime":1641.273,"endTime":1641.543,"body":"That's,"},{"startTime":1641.603,"endTime":1641.963,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1641.963,"endTime":1644.663,"body":"there's, it's hard to imagine"},{"startTime":1641.963,"endTime":1644.663,"body":"unless you just get to God-like"},{"startTime":1644.753,"endTime":1647.123,"body":"levels of physics that you're"},{"startTime":1644.753,"endTime":1647.123,"body":"gonna be able to survive past that."},{"startTime":1647.303,"endTime":1651.083,"body":"And this would happen faster than before"},{"startTime":1647.303,"endTime":1651.083,"body":"you got to the end of the universe where"},{"startTime":1651.143,"endTime":1652.733,"body":"all that's left is black holes, right?"},{"startTime":1652.733,"endTime":1655.463,"body":"So if this is true, then that's"},{"startTime":1652.733,"endTime":1655.463,"body":"gonna be your time limit."},{"startTime":1655.463,"endTime":1655.703,"body":"You'll,"},{"startTime":1655.703,"endTime":1658.673,"body":"you'll never make it to this"},{"startTime":1655.703,"endTime":1658.673,"body":"black hole air because all matter"},{"startTime":1658.673,"endTime":1659.753,"body":"would collapse before them."},{"startTime":1659.843,"endTime":1662.303,"body":"However, you can still, of"},{"startTime":1659.843,"endTime":1662.303,"body":"course, live up until that point."},{"startTime":1662.573,"endTime":1665.093,"body":"And again, just harvesting energy"},{"startTime":1662.573,"endTime":1665.093,"body":"through black holes like we're talking"},{"startTime":1665.093,"endTime":1666.773,"body":"about before, would be a way to do that."},{"startTime":1666.923,"endTime":1668.093,"body":"Yeah, I mean it."},{"startTime":1668.618,"endTime":1669.548,"body":"It makes sense."},{"startTime":1669.548,"endTime":1669.938,"body":"And it's"},{"startTime":1669.938,"endTime":1670.328,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":1670.328,"endTime":1674.738,"body":"like poetic in a way because it, the"},{"startTime":1670.328,"endTime":1674.738,"body":"goal is never to survive forever."},{"startTime":1674.768,"endTime":1677.738,"body":"'cause infinity by"},{"startTime":1674.768,"endTime":1677.738,"body":"definition is unattainable."},{"startTime":1678.338,"endTime":1678.638,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":1678.638,"endTime":1681.098,"body":"So us trying to get to that point is,"},{"startTime":1681.158,"endTime":1681.938,"body":"you know, it,"},{"startTime":1681.938,"endTime":1683.663,"body":"it's futile, but surviving unless"},{"startTime":1683.663,"endTime":1686.888,"body":"you can reverse entropy, which as far"},{"startTime":1683.663,"endTime":1686.888,"body":"as we can tell, you can't, the, all"},{"startTime":1686.888,"endTime":1688.448,"body":"of the laws of physics seem to say no."},{"startTime":1688.448,"endTime":1691.053,"body":"But obviously we're still very"},{"startTime":1688.448,"endTime":1691.053,"body":"early into our understanding"},{"startTime":1691.053,"endTime":1692.133,"body":"of the universe and physics."},{"startTime":1692.403,"endTime":1693.333,"body":"Yeah, of course."},{"startTime":1693.433,"endTime":1695.503,"body":"but if we could get to the point to where."},{"startTime":1696.103,"endTime":1699.553,"body":"The very thing that makes up"},{"startTime":1696.103,"endTime":1699.553,"body":"everything that we know have ever"},{"startTime":1699.553,"endTime":1702.523,"body":"known and never will know, starts"},{"startTime":1699.553,"endTime":1702.523,"body":"falling apart and giving up."},{"startTime":1702.853,"endTime":1704.203,"body":"I think that we've succeeded."},{"startTime":1704.293,"endTime":1705.043,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"startTime":1705.403,"endTime":1708.013,"body":"If proton decay does happen, that's"},{"startTime":1705.403,"endTime":1708.013,"body":"a little tricky 'cause you can't"},{"startTime":1708.013,"endTime":1710.503,"body":"store energy through regular matter."},{"startTime":1710.863,"endTime":1712.093,"body":"You have to store it through other means."},{"startTime":1712.093,"endTime":1713.563,"body":"Black holes are a great example of that."},{"startTime":1713.59,"endTime":1716.469,"body":"anything, even if you throw regular matter"},{"startTime":1713.59,"endTime":1716.469,"body":"into them, it turns into something else."},{"startTime":1716.469,"endTime":1719.229,"body":"So you can store matter and energy."},{"startTime":1719.484,"endTime":1722.184,"body":"Through black holes to avoid proton decay."},{"startTime":1722.484,"endTime":1724.224,"body":"But you yourself are"},{"startTime":1722.484,"endTime":1724.224,"body":"probably still made up"},{"startTime":1724.224,"endTime":1724.579,"body":"of,"},{"startTime":1724.706,"endTime":1727.826,"body":"a material that's consist of"},{"startTime":1724.706,"endTime":1727.826,"body":"protons, uh, unless you find a"},{"startTime":1727.826,"endTime":1730.856,"body":"way to make a computer outta like"},{"startTime":1727.826,"endTime":1730.856,"body":"leptons, which doesn't seem possible."},{"startTime":1731.186,"endTime":1733.586,"body":"Uh, so you're gonna have"},{"startTime":1731.186,"endTime":1733.586,"body":"to prepare for that."},{"startTime":1733.586,"endTime":1735.056,"body":"But you could potentially harvest all"},{"startTime":1735.056,"endTime":1735.356,"body":"the,"},{"startTime":1735.356,"endTime":1739.076,"body":"the materials in your, as far out as you"},{"startTime":1735.356,"endTime":1739.076,"body":"can go, whether it's your local galaxy."},{"startTime":1739.706,"endTime":1743.701,"body":"Then use that to keep sustaining yourself"},{"startTime":1739.706,"endTime":1743.701,"body":"by as protons decay, harvesting material"},{"startTime":1743.701,"endTime":1748.111,"body":"to keep your material civilization going,"},{"startTime":1743.701,"endTime":1748.111,"body":"and then throwing anything left over into"},{"startTime":1748.111,"endTime":1749.911,"body":"black holes to save that energy for later."},{"startTime":1750.241,"endTime":1751.321,"body":"That's about all you can do."},{"startTime":1751.321,"endTime":1752.881,"body":"And eventually all the protons will decay."},{"startTime":1752.981,"endTime":1753.971,"body":"Maybe that's a theory, right?"},{"startTime":1753.971,"endTime":1754.781,"body":"We don't know if that's true,"},{"startTime":1755.141,"endTime":1756.131,"body":"but if that is true,"},{"startTime":1756.131,"endTime":1756.341,"body":"it's,"},{"startTime":1756.341,"endTime":1757.571,"body":"it's crazy to think about, right?"},{"startTime":1757.571,"endTime":1760.331,"body":"Because with our current understanding,"},{"startTime":1757.571,"endTime":1760.331,"body":"we believe that all matter in the"},{"startTime":1760.331,"endTime":1762.761,"body":"universe should be the same age."},{"startTime":1762.851,"endTime":1763.181,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":1763.181,"endTime":1764.111,"body":"Because yeah, it was"},{"startTime":1764.111,"endTime":1764.861,"body":"all made at the same time."},{"startTime":1764.861,"endTime":1764.951,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1764.956,"endTime":1765.076,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":1765.716,"endTime":1770.126,"body":"So that means that just at a certain"},{"startTime":1765.716,"endTime":1770.126,"body":"moment, all of them should react in the"},{"startTime":1770.126,"endTime":1772.166,"body":"same way after the same amount of time."},{"startTime":1772.406,"endTime":1772.976,"body":"Be it that,"},{"startTime":1773.006,"endTime":1773.246,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1773.246,"endTime":1775.796,"body":"the universe itself is a"},{"startTime":1773.246,"endTime":1775.796,"body":"controlled environment on a"},{"startTime":1775.796,"endTime":1780.176,"body":"larger scale and everything would"},{"startTime":1775.796,"endTime":1780.176,"body":"just turn into nothing at once."},{"startTime":1780.356,"endTime":1780.656,"body":"No."},{"startTime":1780.656,"endTime":1781.556,"body":"That's not how that would work."},{"startTime":1781.586,"endTime":1781.916,"body":"No."},{"startTime":1782.036,"endTime":1782.486,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1782.516,"endTime":1783.386,"body":"So how would that work?"},{"startTime":1783.416,"endTime":1783.506,"body":"Well,"},{"startTime":1783.506,"endTime":1783.626,"body":"it's"},{"startTime":1783.626,"endTime":1783.746,"body":"like"},{"startTime":1783.746,"endTime":1784.406,"body":"a half life."},{"startTime":1784.406,"endTime":1786.416,"body":"So it's the same thing"},{"startTime":1784.406,"endTime":1786.416,"body":"as like radiation decay."},{"startTime":1786.506,"endTime":1786.686,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":1786.686,"endTime":1788.936,"body":"Where you have a half life"},{"startTime":1786.686,"endTime":1788.936,"body":"of a certain amount of time."},{"startTime":1788.936,"endTime":1791.696,"body":"So by the time you reach that"},{"startTime":1788.936,"endTime":1791.696,"body":"half life, you would expect half"},{"startTime":1791.696,"endTime":1792.986,"body":"of all protons to have decayed."},{"startTime":1793.046,"endTime":1793.136,"body":"I see."},{"startTime":1793.406,"endTime":1795.416,"body":"And then once you double"},{"startTime":1793.406,"endTime":1795.416,"body":"that half, half life."},{"startTime":1796.016,"endTime":1797.756,"body":"Out of the remaining half of the matter"},{"startTime":1797.756,"endTime":1798.086,"body":"that"},{"startTime":1798.176,"endTime":1801.986,"body":"that remained, half of that again would've"},{"startTime":1798.176,"endTime":1801.986,"body":"decayed, but the half life is really long."},{"startTime":1801.986,"endTime":1804.146,"body":"I can't remember the exact"},{"startTime":1801.986,"endTime":1804.146,"body":"amount of time, but it's"},{"startTime":1804.146,"endTime":1804.296,"body":"like"},{"startTime":1804.296,"endTime":1805.586,"body":"10 to the 30th, something."},{"startTime":1805.586,"endTime":1805.706,"body":"It's,"},{"startTime":1805.706,"endTime":1807.146,"body":"it's a very long period of time."},{"startTime":1807.416,"endTime":1809.816,"body":"For context, we're at like 10 to"},{"startTime":1807.416,"endTime":1809.816,"body":"the 12th right now in terms of how"},{"startTime":1809.816,"endTime":1812.391,"body":"old the universe is, where  in the"},{"startTime":1809.816,"endTime":1812.391,"body":"billions of years this is gonna be."},{"startTime":1813.216,"endTime":1814.416,"body":"Trillions and trillions of year."},{"startTime":1814.416,"endTime":1814.656,"body":"So it's a"},{"startTime":1814.656,"endTime":1815.256,"body":"long, long,"},{"startTime":1815.256,"endTime":1816.156,"body":"long time away."},{"startTime":1816.156,"endTime":1816.246,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":1816.666,"endTime":1819.876,"body":"But it's much closer than when"},{"startTime":1816.666,"endTime":1819.876,"body":"black holes are gonna start"},{"startTime":1819.876,"endTime":1821.166,"body":"releasing useful amount of energy."},{"startTime":1821.466,"endTime":1824.286,"body":"It's gonna be like 10 to the 60,"},{"startTime":1821.466,"endTime":1824.286,"body":"10 to the 70 years, which is,"},{"startTime":1824.286,"endTime":1824.646,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1824.736,"endTime":1826.806,"body":"uh, an insanely long period of time away."},{"startTime":1826.986,"endTime":1827.496,"body":"It is."},{"startTime":1827.556,"endTime":1831.936,"body":"But now running off of that concept, do"},{"startTime":1827.556,"endTime":1831.936,"body":"you think like our future civilizations"},{"startTime":1831.936,"endTime":1835.858,"body":"at some point first able to realize"},{"startTime":1831.936,"endTime":1835.858,"body":"how old the protons are within"},{"startTime":1835.858,"endTime":1837.718,"body":"matter and then start separating."},{"startTime":1838.278,"endTime":1841.668,"body":"Matter that they think will decay"},{"startTime":1838.278,"endTime":1841.668,"body":"first or last and start using that"},{"startTime":1841.668,"endTime":1843.558,"body":"as like food sources to replenish"},{"startTime":1843.978,"endTime":1844.188,"body":"again."},{"startTime":1844.188,"endTime":1845.298,"body":"It doesn't work like that."},{"startTime":1845.358,"endTime":1848.208,"body":"You can't just look at matter"},{"startTime":1845.358,"endTime":1848.208,"body":"and be like, this is older."},{"startTime":1848.208,"endTime":1848.838,"body":"This is gonna decay."},{"startTime":1848.838,"endTime":1850.038,"body":"It's not how half-lifes work."},{"startTime":1850.038,"endTime":1852.138,"body":"It's a statistical phenomena."},{"startTime":1852.138,"endTime":1855.384,"body":"It's like you just know that"},{"startTime":1852.138,"endTime":1855.384,"body":"of any lump of matter you have."},{"startTime":1855.384,"endTime":1855.924,"body":"Same thing with"},{"startTime":1855.944,"endTime":1858.724,"body":"radiation decay, half of it's gonna"},{"startTime":1855.944,"endTime":1858.724,"body":"decay within a certain amount of time."},{"startTime":1858.724,"endTime":1860.014,"body":"You just measure that decay rate."},{"startTime":1860.344,"endTime":1860.734,"body":"And"},{"startTime":1860.758,"endTime":1863.861,"body":"you make a statistical determination"},{"startTime":1860.758,"endTime":1863.861,"body":"off of it, but you can't look at"},{"startTime":1863.861,"endTime":1868.031,"body":"any one piece of matter and say, ah,"},{"startTime":1868.031,"endTime":1868.241,"body":"it's,"},{"startTime":1868.241,"endTime":1870.011,"body":"it's this close to the half life it decay."},{"startTime":1870.041,"endTime":1872.081,"body":"'cause that one could be the"},{"startTime":1870.041,"endTime":1872.081,"body":"one that goes through 20 half"},{"startTime":1872.081,"endTime":1873.521,"body":"lifes before it finally decays."},{"startTime":1873.701,"endTime":1876.971,"body":"It's completely statistical and so"},{"startTime":1873.701,"endTime":1876.971,"body":"meaningless on an individual scale."},{"startTime":1876.971,"endTime":1880.754,"body":"It's just a way to talk about large"},{"startTime":1876.971,"endTime":1880.754,"body":"properties like, hundreds of millions"},{"startTime":1880.754,"endTime":1882.224,"body":"of trillions of atoms together."},{"startTime":1882.224,"endTime":1882.524,"body":"You know,"},{"startTime":1882.524,"endTime":1884.834,"body":"half of them will be"},{"startTime":1882.524,"endTime":1884.834,"body":"gone in x amount of time."},{"startTime":1885.494,"endTime":1888.598,"body":"So there's no way to, to filter the"},{"startTime":1885.494,"endTime":1888.598,"body":"matter by when this one's gonna decay"},{"startTime":1888.598,"endTime":1889.678,"body":"and when this one's gonna decay."},{"startTime":1889.948,"endTime":1891.328,"body":"It's just an all or nothing type thing."},{"startTime":1891.958,"endTime":1892.498,"body":"Insane."},{"startTime":1892.588,"endTime":1893.818,"body":"That's awesome to think about though."},{"startTime":1893.848,"endTime":1894.868,"body":"Well, in a,"},{"startTime":1894.868,"endTime":1895.468,"body":"in a crazy way."},{"startTime":1895.498,"endTime":1895.738,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1895.738,"endTime":1897.058,"body":"If it happens, and it might not."},{"startTime":1897.058,"endTime":1899.394,"body":"That's just, that's something that"},{"startTime":1897.058,"endTime":1899.394,"body":"comes up with some of the grand"},{"startTime":1899.394,"endTime":1900.774,"body":"unified theories of the universe."},{"startTime":1901.104,"endTime":1902.994,"body":"Uh, that's not something"},{"startTime":1901.104,"endTime":1902.994,"body":"that everyone believes in."},{"startTime":1903.024,"endTime":1904.524,"body":"There is no real evidence for it."},{"startTime":1904.524,"endTime":1905.544,"body":"This is all theoretical."},{"startTime":1905.555,"endTime":1907.701,"body":"but there are some models"},{"startTime":1905.555,"endTime":1907.701,"body":"that say it could happen."},{"startTime":1907.941,"endTime":1910.281,"body":"If that doesn't happen"},{"startTime":1907.941,"endTime":1910.281,"body":"effectively, what happens is."},{"startTime":1910.776,"endTime":1913.896,"body":"The end of the universe is gonna be,"},{"startTime":1910.776,"endTime":1913.896,"body":"all stars will eventually turn to iron."},{"startTime":1914.406,"endTime":1916.146,"body":"Uh, iron's the most stable form of matter."},{"startTime":1916.176,"endTime":1916.986,"body":"It's what ends"},{"startTime":1916.986,"endTime":1917.436,"body":"the,"},{"startTime":1917.436,"endTime":1918.396,"body":"the fusion chain."},{"startTime":1918.696,"endTime":1921.306,"body":"Once you reach iron, you can no"},{"startTime":1918.696,"endTime":1921.306,"body":"longer gain energy from fusion."},{"startTime":1921.336,"endTime":1921.426,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1921.726,"endTime":1923.376,"body":"And, uh, going the other way, fission."},{"startTime":1923.376,"endTime":1926.166,"body":"Once you reach iron, there's no more"},{"startTime":1923.376,"endTime":1926.166,"body":"energy to be gained that way either."},{"startTime":1926.236,"endTime":1929.296,"body":"so effectively you would end up"},{"startTime":1926.236,"endTime":1929.296,"body":"with all these iron stars, uh, and"},{"startTime":1929.296,"endTime":1931.666,"body":"then those themselves would collapse"},{"startTime":1929.296,"endTime":1931.666,"body":"in the black holes because over"},{"startTime":1931.666,"endTime":1932.266,"body":"very, very,"},{"startTime":1932.266,"endTime":1935.896,"body":"very long periods of time through"},{"startTime":1932.266,"endTime":1935.896,"body":"quantum fluctuation, uh, the density"},{"startTime":1935.896,"endTime":1938.071,"body":"could just change just enough"},{"startTime":1935.896,"endTime":1938.071,"body":"to collapse into a black hole."},{"startTime":1938.656,"endTime":1942.856,"body":"And of course over quantum"},{"startTime":1938.656,"endTime":1942.856,"body":"fluctuations is, the odds of that"},{"startTime":1942.856,"endTime":1944.539,"body":"happening are extremely small."},{"startTime":1944.726,"endTime":1948.356,"body":"But when you have infinity, no"},{"startTime":1944.726,"endTime":1948.356,"body":"matter how small your statistical"},{"startTime":1948.356,"endTime":1951.266,"body":"odds of something happening are"},{"startTime":1948.356,"endTime":1951.266,"body":"multiplied by infinity are 100% right?"},{"startTime":1951.266,"endTime":1951.356,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":1951.686,"endTime":1952.166,"body":"So,"},{"startTime":1952.166,"endTime":1952.706,"body":"uh, yeah."},{"startTime":1952.796,"endTime":1954.866,"body":"Uh, eventually the idea is all"},{"startTime":1952.796,"endTime":1954.866,"body":"these iron stars would eventually"},{"startTime":1954.866,"endTime":1955.886,"body":"collapse into black coals."},{"startTime":1956.291,"endTime":1958.751,"body":"You enter the black hole era and"},{"startTime":1956.291,"endTime":1958.751,"body":"then eventually all these black"},{"startTime":1958.751,"endTime":1961.451,"body":"holes would evaporate to nothingness"},{"startTime":1958.751,"endTime":1961.451,"body":"through hawking radiation."},{"startTime":1961.811,"endTime":1963.911,"body":"And that's when you reach something"},{"startTime":1961.811,"endTime":1963.911,"body":"called the heat death of the universe."},{"startTime":1963.911,"endTime":1966.551,"body":"Everything is in the lowest form"},{"startTime":1963.911,"endTime":1966.551,"body":"of energy It possibly could be."},{"startTime":1966.881,"endTime":1968.291,"body":"Effectively just heat energy."},{"startTime":1968.531,"endTime":1968.831,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1968.921,"endTime":1971.591,"body":"Just a true 100% dissipation."},{"startTime":1971.621,"endTime":1971.741,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":1971.801,"endTime":1972.461,"body":"Of everything."},{"startTime":1972.491,"endTime":1972.791,"body":"That's,"},{"startTime":1972.791,"endTime":1974.231,"body":"that's the goal of entropy."},{"startTime":1974.231,"endTime":1978.131,"body":"And if we wanna live to that era, we"},{"startTime":1974.231,"endTime":1978.131,"body":"want to try to prevent that as much"},{"startTime":1978.131,"endTime":1981.581,"body":"as we can by storing matter in the"},{"startTime":1978.131,"endTime":1981.581,"body":"most stable forms we can think of."},{"startTime":1981.791,"endTime":1983.171,"body":"And then harvesting those black holes."},{"startTime":1983.501,"endTime":1983.741,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1984.146,"endTime":1984.836,"body":"But you know,"},{"startTime":1984.836,"endTime":1989.156,"body":"as far as we know right now, entropy"},{"startTime":1984.836,"endTime":1989.156,"body":"is unavoidable and it's always rising."},{"startTime":1989.216,"endTime":1989.516,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1989.563,"endTime":1990.193,"body":"Nice little."},{"startTime":1990.226,"endTime":1990.406,"body":"It's"},{"startTime":1990.406,"endTime":1990.616,"body":"like,"},{"startTime":1990.616,"endTime":1992.746,"body":"uh, the joke on the, when"},{"startTime":1990.616,"endTime":1992.746,"body":"the movie says its name,"},{"startTime":1992.956,"endTime":1993.166,"body":"that's"},{"startTime":1993.166,"endTime":1993.256,"body":"right."},{"startTime":1993.256,"endTime":1993.946,"body":"Entropy rising."},{"startTime":1994.036,"endTime":1995.176,"body":"We broke the fourth wall."},{"startTime":1997.396,"endTime":1998.596,"body":"But yeah, so that's"},{"startTime":1998.596,"endTime":1999.016,"body":"kind of"},{"startTime":1999.016,"endTime":2001.116,"body":"what we have to look forward"},{"startTime":1999.016,"endTime":2001.116,"body":"to at the end of the universe."},{"startTime":2001.176,"endTime":2002.406,"body":"Uh, I do think, I do"},{"startTime":2002.436,"endTime":2002.676,"body":"like"},{"startTime":2002.676,"endTime":2006.396,"body":"the idea of the dice and eternal"},{"startTime":2002.676,"endTime":2006.396,"body":"intelligence uploading minds because you"},{"startTime":2006.396,"endTime":2007.451,"body":"can be more efficient with your energy."},{"startTime":2008.346,"endTime":2011.346,"body":"Doing everything you can to preserve"},{"startTime":2008.346,"endTime":2011.346,"body":"that energy and then potentially"},{"startTime":2011.346,"endTime":2013.926,"body":"turning into useful batteries in the"},{"startTime":2011.346,"endTime":2013.926,"body":"form of like black holes and harvest"},{"startTime":2013.926,"endTime":2015.036,"body":"them over long periods of time."},{"startTime":2015.156,"endTime":2015.966,"body":"So that is possible."},{"startTime":2015.966,"endTime":2016.146,"body":"And"},{"startTime":2016.146,"endTime":2016.356,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":2016.356,"endTime":2019.266,"body":"we could be around for hundreds of"},{"startTime":2016.356,"endTime":2019.266,"body":"billions to trillions of years doing that."},{"startTime":2019.536,"endTime":2021.936,"body":"And this is just, these"},{"startTime":2019.536,"endTime":2021.936,"body":"are the extreme examples."},{"startTime":2021.936,"endTime":2024.563,"body":"Of course, even just living"},{"startTime":2021.936,"endTime":2024.563,"body":"a couple million years would"},{"startTime":2024.563,"endTime":2026.243,"body":"be pretty crazy in terms of"},{"startTime":2026.243,"endTime":2026.363,"body":"like"},{"startTime":2026.393,"endTime":2027.473,"body":"a civilization scale."},{"startTime":2027.473,"endTime":2030.443,"body":"So the question is, could a"},{"startTime":2027.473,"endTime":2030.443,"body":"civilization even be stable"},{"startTime":2030.443,"endTime":2031.463,"body":"over that long period of time?"},{"startTime":2031.883,"endTime":2032.213,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":2032.273,"endTime":2033.593,"body":"I mean, I, I mean,"},{"startTime":2033.593,"endTime":2035.033,"body":"ju jumping into like the."},{"startTime":2035.508,"endTime":2038.478,"body":"Socioeconomic side of it would"},{"startTime":2035.508,"endTime":2038.478,"body":"be like a whole nother thing."},{"startTime":2038.508,"endTime":2038.748,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2038.748,"endTime":2040.638,"body":"We definitely don't have time"},{"startTime":2038.748,"endTime":2040.638,"body":"to do that on this episode."},{"startTime":2040.638,"endTime":2040.698,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2040.698,"endTime":2043.488,"body":"But it is a whole other question"},{"startTime":2040.698,"endTime":2043.488,"body":"and it probably wouldn't even be"},{"startTime":2043.488,"endTime":2047.208,"body":"a civilization at that point, and"},{"startTime":2043.488,"endTime":2047.208,"body":"probably not even, uh, the same species"},{"startTime":2047.208,"endTime":2048.348,"body":"over these long periods of time."},{"startTime":2048.528,"endTime":2048.858,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":2048.944,"endTime":2052.196,"body":"it's just really cool to speculate"},{"startTime":2048.944,"endTime":2052.196,"body":"about because it's one of the."},{"startTime":2053.276,"endTime":2056.846,"body":"What I see as like"},{"startTime":2053.276,"endTime":2056.846,"body":"humanity's true end goals."},{"startTime":2057.176,"endTime":2060.703,"body":"Like, what are we building up to"},{"startTime":2057.176,"endTime":2060.703,"body":"is just like surviving as long"},{"startTime":2060.703,"endTime":2063.973,"body":"as possible to experience the"},{"startTime":2060.703,"endTime":2063.973,"body":"universe for as long as possible."},{"startTime":2064.153,"endTime":2065.023,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"startTime":2065.698,"endTime":2065.908,"body":"Well,"},{"startTime":2065.908,"endTime":2068.548,"body":"do you have anything else to add"},{"startTime":2065.908,"endTime":2068.548,"body":"on surviving till the end of time?"},{"startTime":2068.758,"endTime":2071.458,"body":"No, I mean it is been really cool topic."},{"startTime":2071.458,"endTime":2073.858,"body":"I actually learned a"},{"startTime":2071.458,"endTime":2073.858,"body":"lot of super cool stuff."},{"startTime":2073.922,"endTime":2075.572,"body":"and I think it was a really fun episode."},{"startTime":2075.842,"endTime":2076.832,"body":"I think so too."},{"startTime":2076.832,"endTime":2080.012,"body":"And if you enjoy this episode,"},{"startTime":2076.832,"endTime":2080.012,"body":"please consider joining us next week"},{"startTime":2080.012,"endTime":2081.482,"body":"or we're gonna be talking about."},{"startTime":2081.797,"endTime":2082.607,"body":"The Fury paradox."},{"startTime":2082.607,"endTime":2086.327,"body":"Again, a topic that seems to be much"},{"startTime":2082.607,"endTime":2086.327,"body":"appreciated, and we're gonna be exploring"},{"startTime":2086.327,"endTime":2090.377,"body":"the idea of greedy aliens, which if you"},{"startTime":2086.327,"endTime":2090.377,"body":"haven't heard that theory, we will, uh,"},{"startTime":2090.407,"endTime":2093.887,"body":"basically just talk about the topic,"},{"startTime":2090.407,"endTime":2093.887,"body":"uh, or the idea that we are early in the"},{"startTime":2093.887,"endTime":2097.367,"body":"universe, and that if you're not early"},{"startTime":2093.887,"endTime":2097.367,"body":"in the universe, you never get to exist."},{"startTime":2097.457,"endTime":2099.827,"body":"That's effectively that topic"},{"startTime":2097.457,"endTime":2099.827,"body":"in a nutshell, and I think"},{"startTime":2099.827,"endTime":2100.877,"body":"it'll be a fun one next week."},{"startTime":2101.057,"endTime":2101.747,"body":"Absolutely."},{"startTime":2102.287,"endTime":2102.887,"body":"Take care, everyone."},{"startTime":2103.037,"endTime":2103.397,"body":"Bye-bye."}]}