{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":0.0,"endTime":2.75,"body":"w- why are you growing this"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":0.0,"endTime":2.75,"body":"entire tree just to make an apple"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2.75,"endTime":3.93,"body":"if you can just grow the apple?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":4.17,"endTime":6.839,"body":"Especially in places where"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":4.17,"endTime":6.839,"body":"space is very limited."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":7.349,"endTime":7.64,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":7.69,"endTime":11.239,"body":"It is a crazy idea, but we have"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":7.69,"endTime":11.239,"body":"already modified things so much"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":11.25,"endTime":15.36,"body":"and in to such an insane way that"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":11.25,"endTime":15.36,"body":"it really isn't that far-fetched."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":20.094,"endTime":23.684,"body":"Hello and welcome to Entropy"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":20.094,"endTime":23.684,"body":"Rising, a podcast exploring the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":23.694,"endTime":26.974,"body":"possibilities of the future and, uh,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":23.694,"endTime":26.974,"body":"the role that we might play in that."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":27.404,"endTime":31.324,"body":"I'm your host Jacob, and joining"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":27.404,"endTime":31.324,"body":"me is my wonderful co-host, Lucas."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":31.794,"endTime":32.944,"body":"Lucas, how are you doing today?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":33.044,"endTime":33.944,"body":"Doing wonderful, Jake."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":34.094,"endTime":34.654,"body":"And yourself?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":34.764,"endTime":35.604,"body":"I'm doing well."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":35.654,"endTime":36.394,"body":"Can't complain."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":36.574,"endTime":36.914,"body":"I love to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":36.914,"endTime":37.264,"body":"hear that."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":37.364,"endTime":38.474,"body":"Oh, yeah, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":38.564,"endTime":41.284,"body":"So would you like to introduce today's"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":38.564,"endTime":41.284,"body":"topic, or would you like me to?"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":41.524,"endTime":41.914,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":41.964,"endTime":46.424,"body":"Today's topic, we are going to dive"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":41.964,"endTime":46.424,"body":"into agriculture and food, what"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":46.424,"endTime":50.214,"body":"we're currently doing, the challenges"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":46.424,"endTime":50.214,"body":"it faces, and what we can do going"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":50.214,"endTime":51.994,"body":"into the future, both near and far."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":52.384,"endTime":52.714,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":52.724,"endTime":56.594,"body":"This sounds, I think, on the surface"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":52.724,"endTime":56.594,"body":"almost maybe like a dull topic, but"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":57.054,"endTime":60.294,"body":"when you actually dive into it, uh,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":57.054,"endTime":60.294,"body":"the agricultural industry is one of the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":60.294,"endTime":62.334,"body":"most technological industries there is."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":62.334,"endTime":62.544,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":62.544,"endTime":64.754,"body":"it's in many ways in the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":62.544,"endTime":64.754,"body":"forefront of science."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":64.754,"endTime":68.749,"body":"It was on the forefront of biology"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":64.754,"endTime":68.749,"body":"and, , genetic engineering, and we"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":68.749,"endTime":72.264,"body":"see a lot of innovations in that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":68.749,"endTime":72.264,"body":"space, and feeding the populace is not"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":72.314,"endTime":72.614,"body":"a,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":72.624,"endTime":73.494,"body":"a dull task."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":73.494,"endTime":76.574,"body":"It's something that is going to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":73.494,"endTime":76.574,"body":"affect how we travel in space."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":76.574,"endTime":79.534,"body":"It's going to affect how we live"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":76.574,"endTime":79.534,"body":"in cities, if certain concepts like"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":79.544,"endTime":81.184,"body":"ecumenopolises are even possible."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":81.534,"endTime":85.664,"body":"So while it might not seem like the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":81.534,"endTime":85.664,"body":"most fun on the surface and the most"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":85.674,"endTime":88.644,"body":"technological on the surface, I think"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":85.674,"endTime":88.644,"body":"many people think of farms as like"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":88.934,"endTime":92.764,"body":"little red farmhouse in a field, even"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":88.934,"endTime":92.764,"body":"if that's very far from the truth now."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":93.114,"endTime":95.334,"body":"Uh, I do think it's gonna be an"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":93.114,"endTime":95.334,"body":"interesting one, so I hope that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":95.334,"endTime":95.604,"body":"the,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":95.614,"endTime":97.284,"body":"the actual topic doesn't"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":95.614,"endTime":97.284,"body":"turn anyone off and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":97.284,"endTime":97.424,"body":"they,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":97.454,"endTime":99.424,"body":"they stay on and listen to see"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":97.454,"endTime":99.424,"body":"if it catches your interest."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":99.864,"endTime":100.854,"body":"Yeah, definitely."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":100.894,"endTime":102.434,"body":"They surely do get a bad rap."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":102.464,"endTime":102.924,"body":"You think of,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":102.944,"endTime":103.214,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":103.214,"endTime":106.824,"body":"the farmer John with his straw hat"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":103.214,"endTime":106.824,"body":"riding down on his old tractor."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":106.894,"endTime":107.244,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":107.244,"endTime":110.634,"body":"What they fail to mention is that the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":107.244,"endTime":110.634,"body":"tractor's probably got AI built into"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":110.634,"endTime":114.17,"body":"it, costs multi-millions of dollars,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":110.634,"endTime":114.17,"body":"and Farmer John is fighting software"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":114.17,"endTime":115.51,"body":"companies for the right to repair it."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":115.51,"endTime":115.73,"body":"It's,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":115.74,"endTime":118.49,"body":"it's a much more complex industry"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":115.74,"endTime":118.49,"body":"than I think most people realize,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":118.49,"endTime":121.79,"body":"unless you have some level of 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super"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":131.37,"endTime":133.92,"body":"interesting topic to dive into."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":134.0,"endTime":134.78,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":134.81,"endTime":135.03,"body":"And"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":135.03,"endTime":135.28,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":135.28,"endTime":135.87,"body":"speaking of"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":135.9,"endTime":136.5,"body":"agriculture,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":136.5,"endTime":139.42,"body":"agriculture is also interesting"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":136.5,"endTime":139.42,"body":"because it has been one of the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":139.42,"endTime":144.234,"body":"most affected- areas of our life"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":139.42,"endTime":144.234,"body":"since the Industrial Revolution."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":144.234,"endTime":147.804,"body":"We went through an agricultural revolution"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":144.234,"endTime":147.804,"body":"that doesn't even really get talked about."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":147.804,"endTime":150.314,"body":"People talk about the Industrial"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":147.804,"endTime":150.314,"body":"Revolution, uh, but kinda forget"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":150.314,"endTime":151.664,"body":"about the agricultural revolution."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":151.664,"endTime":154.244,"body":"Almost 100 years ago, most people farmed."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":154.244,"endTime":154.334,"body":"I,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":154.344,"endTime":157.384,"body":"I forget the exact statistics,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":154.344,"endTime":157.384,"body":"but over the past 200 years"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":157.384,"endTime":158.134,"body":"we've seen a shift from,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":158.134,"endTime":158.354,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":158.714,"endTime":163.014,"body":"agriculture representing 90% of what"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":158.714,"endTime":163.014,"body":"people do to being less than 2% of"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":163.014,"endTime":166.874,"body":"what people do, and that all came"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":163.014,"endTime":166.874,"body":"from technology and innovation that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":166.874,"endTime":171.774,"body":"removed people from the process and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":166.874,"endTime":171.774,"body":"allowed for us to increase yields"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":171.774,"endTime":173.444,"body":"of food, which is a huge thing."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":173.444,"endTime":175.424,"body":"It's why modern society is even possible."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":175.964,"endTime":176.414,"body":"Yeah, no."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":176.454,"endTime":177.794,"body":"it's really crazy, and I think"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":177.794,"endTime":177.874,"body":"that"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":177.911,"endTime":178.731,"body":"what you said, is,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":178.751,"endTime":178.961,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":178.961,"endTime":181.961,"body":"the Industrial Revolution was at the"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":178.961,"endTime":181.961,"body":"forefront but agriculture wasn't,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":182.001,"endTime":185.991,"body":"is because the industrial side of"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":182.001,"endTime":185.991,"body":"things is very noticeable, is very"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":185.991,"endTime":190.121,"body":"apparent, while agriculture you see"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":185.991,"endTime":190.121,"body":"it happens mostly behind the scenes."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":190.141,"endTime":194.031,"body":"You'll see the front face, like maybe a"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":190.141,"endTime":194.031,"body":"small farmhouse, but what you don't see is"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":194.031,"endTime":197.501,"body":"the millions of dollars of farm equipment"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":194.031,"endTime":197.501,"body":"that are right behind that tree line."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":197.891,"endTime":200.151,"body":"And you can see it especially"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":197.891,"endTime":200.151,"body":"here in North Carolina."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":200.461,"endTime":203.841,"body":"When you're driving down the road and you"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":200.461,"endTime":203.841,"body":"have your maps open, it's just miles of"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":203.841,"endTime":206.251,"body":"farmland hidden by a slim amount of trees."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":206.251,"endTime":206.481,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":206.771,"endTime":206.981,"body":"It's"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":206.981,"endTime":207.301,"body":"really,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":207.301,"endTime":209.171,"body":"really crazy what happens back there."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":209.201,"endTime":211.921,"body":"And because of those innovations"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":209.201,"endTime":211.921,"body":"that bring it down to 2%,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":212.311,"endTime":213.601,"body":"most people don't see it."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":213.621,"endTime":217.411,"body":"Most people don't know a farmer or are"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":213.621,"endTime":217.411,"body":"friends with one because they're so rare."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":217.511,"endTime":217.731,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":217.771,"endTime":221.661,"body":"Actually, that statistic where we"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":217.771,"endTime":221.661,"body":"went from 90% to 2% is something that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":221.661,"endTime":224.741,"body":"gives me a little bit of hope when we"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":221.661,"endTime":224.741,"body":"think about AI because we're facing"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":224.741,"endTime":224.981,"body":"kind of"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":224.981,"endTime":226.631,"body":"a similar shift in demographics."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":226.861,"endTime":227.921,"body":"We're losing a bunch of jobs."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":227.921,"endTime":230.971,"body":"So it is, at least for me, a little"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":227.921,"endTime":230.971,"body":"peaceful to know that we've seen something"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":230.971,"endTime":233.441,"body":"like that happen in the past, and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":230.971,"endTime":233.441,"body":"it's one of the few things that gives"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":233.441,"endTime":237.151,"body":"me hope about overcoming AI and, uh,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":233.441,"endTime":237.151,"body":"coming out on the other end of it being"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":237.151,"endTime":238.971,"body":"a better society than we went into it."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":239.171,"endTime":240.251,"body":"At least, I hope so."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":240.491,"endTime":240.781,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":240.821,"endTime":241.101,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":241.101,"endTime":241.671,"body":"as do I."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":241.711,"endTime":242.411,"body":"Yeah, me too."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":242.541,"endTime":242.741,"body":"What,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":242.901,"endTime":243.831,"body":"what's the alternative?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":245.201,"endTime":246.341,"body":"Vast unemployment."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":246.581,"endTime":247.191,"body":"Oh, boy."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":247.851,"endTime":249.591,"body":"With that being said though, so some of"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":249.591,"endTime":249.931,"body":"the,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":249.941,"endTime":253.571,"body":"the innovations of course that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":249.941,"endTime":253.571,"body":"made farming what it is today is,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":253.581,"endTime":253.851,"body":"in,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":253.851,"endTime":257.011,"body":"in no doubt of course things like"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":253.851,"endTime":257.011,"body":"tractors, but also, uh, a better"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":257.011,"endTime":258.531,"body":"understanding and control of biology."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":258.851,"endTime":261.908,"body":"We now know effectively what plants 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has"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":313.428,"endTime":315.148,"body":"became, uh, unfortunately an issue."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":315.178,"endTime":317.668,"body":"We're seeing issues with"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":315.178,"endTime":317.668,"body":"runoff causing algal blooms."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":317.668,"endTime":321.038,"body":"We're seeing issues with herbicides,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":317.668,"endTime":321.038,"body":"uh, causing ecological issues."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":321.378,"endTime":321.758,"body":"And so"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":321.758,"endTime":322.088,"body":"that's,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":322.168,"endTime":324.948,"body":"that's an area we need to address in"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":322.168,"endTime":324.948,"body":"the future with agriculture, for sure."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":325.042,"endTime":325.352,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":325.382,"endTime":325.742,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":325.772,"endTime":330.012,"body":"as those problems persist, they damage"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":325.772,"endTime":330.012,"body":"the Earth, and it ultimately reduces"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":330.042,"endTime":333.912,"body":"the sustainability of something that"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":330.042,"endTime":333.912,"body":"must be sustained for us to survive."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":333.952,"endTime":334.982,"body":"Yeah, we don't have an option on that."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":335.092,"endTime":335.532,"body":"No, we do not."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":335.532,"endTime":336.352,"body":"We can't just not"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":336.382,"endTime":337.072,"body":"agriculture."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":337.142,"endTime":337.482,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":337.512,"endTime":339.272,"body":"And as people continue to,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":339.317,"endTime":342.052,"body":"become healthier, live longer,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":339.317,"endTime":342.052,"body":"our population increases."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":342.082,"endTime":342.402,"body":"You know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":342.402,"endTime":347.212,"body":"we're in the eight billions right now,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":342.402,"endTime":347.212,"body":"but as we increase, we go up to 10, 12,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":347.268,"endTime":349.495,"body":"maybe 15 billion people"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":347.268,"endTime":349.495,"body":"living on our planet."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":349.965,"endTime":353.735,"body":"We would have to produce as much"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":349.965,"endTime":353.735,"body":"food as we've produced over the"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":353.735,"endTime":357.975,"body":"last 8,000 years just every year"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":353.735,"endTime":357.975,"body":"to feed those amount of people."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":358.055,"endTime":360.305,"body":"Yeah, and we need to do"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":358.055,"endTime":360.305,"body":"that with a fixed amount of land."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":360.635,"endTime":360.995,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":361.045,"endTime":365.315,"body":"And, uh, at our current rates, if we"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":361.045,"endTime":365.315,"body":"were to produce it just in our current"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":365.325,"endTime":367.815,"body":"level of agriculture, not introducing,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":367.875,"endTime":368.195,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":368.195,"endTime":374.245,"body":"any kind of innovation, we would"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":368.195,"endTime":374.245,"body":"use 130% of our current usable"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":374.245,"endTime":376.885,"body":"land, so more than what we have."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":377.519,"endTime":377.769,"body":"And"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":377.769,"endTime":377.929,"body":"that,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":377.929,"endTime":381.059,"body":"that's including farming and"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":377.929,"endTime":381.059,"body":"husbandry, just to clarify."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":381.069,"endTime":381.089,"body":"Um"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":381.119,"endTime":381.429,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":381.429,"endTime":381.809,"body":"the,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":381.819,"endTime":383.639,"body":"the, the- I know that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":381.819,"endTime":383.639,"body":"number you're referencing."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":383.639,"endTime":388.039,"body":"That's specifically referencing if we were"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":383.639,"endTime":388.039,"body":"to feed everyone what Americans eat now."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":388.209,"endTime":388.489,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":388.499,"endTime":390.109,"body":"Um, we would need more land"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":388.499,"endTime":390.109,"body":"than there is on Earth."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":390.129,"endTime":393.209,"body":"That's not because we can't meet the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":390.129,"endTime":393.209,"body":"caloric need of everyone on Earth."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":393.259,"endTime":395.009,"body":"We far exceed it even now."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":395.259,"endTime":395.869,"body":"The issue is,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":395.919,"endTime":399.279,"body":","},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":395.919,"endTime":399.279,"body":"Westerners, and Americans particularly,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":399.279,"endTime":404.009,"body":"move up that energy ladder of food,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":399.279,"endTime":404.009,"body":"you need a lot more agriculture"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":404.009,"endTime":404.169,"body":"and,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":404.169,"endTime":407.989,"body":"and plant products to support beef, uh,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":404.169,"endTime":407.989,"body":"than if everyone just ate plants alone."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":407.989,"endTime":410.759,"body":"So if everyone ate the American"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":407.989,"endTime":410.759,"body":"diet, uh, there effectively isn't"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":410.759,"endTime":411.659,"body":"enough land to support that."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":411.679,"endTime":414.749,"body":"So that is something worth considering,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":411.679,"endTime":414.749,"body":"and that's why we need to look at the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":414.749,"endTime":417.739,"body":"future of human diets and not just"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":414.749,"endTime":417.739,"body":"the future of how we farm that food."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":417.869,"endTime":418.659,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":418.709,"endTime":419.069,"body":"And"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":419.089,"endTime":419.349,"body":"that,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":419.349,"endTime":420.969,"body":"that'll be interesting to get into."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":421.013,"endTime":424.986,"body":"but it- the only reason why I reference"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":421.013,"endTime":424.986,"body":"the American diet is as the world"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":424.986,"endTime":428.492,"body":"progresses, and things become more"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":424.986,"endTime":428.492,"body":"plentiful, and assuming we don't"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":428.492,"endTime":433.152,"body":"go in a dystopian direction, people"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":428.492,"endTime":433.152,"body":"will consume what they can, right?"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":433.152,"endTime":433.512,"body":"You,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":433.522,"endTime":439.132,"body":"you go into this era of overconsumption"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":433.522,"endTime":439.132,"body":"just like how we see in America today."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":439.172,"endTime":442.572,"body":"That would be prevalent across the"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":439.172,"endTime":442.572,"body":"entire world if nothing changes."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":442.822,"endTime":443.352,"body":"Potentially."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":443.422,"endTime":443.962,"body":"Potentially."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":443.992,"endTime":447.019,"body":"People do tend to eat variety of food"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":443.992,"endTime":447.019,"body":"as they get more money, but there's also"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":447.019,"endTime":449.189,"body":"cultural aspects to consider as well."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":449.229,"endTime":449.599,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":449.599,"endTime":452.149,"body":"Uh, there are countries where, like"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":449.599,"endTime":452.149,"body":"in, in India, for example, I don't"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":452.149,"endTime":454.979,"body":"expect them to all start eating meat"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":452.149,"endTime":454.979,"body":"just because it becomes more available."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":454.979,"endTime":458.389,"body":"There are cultural reasons that might"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":454.979,"endTime":458.389,"body":"not be the case, but you are correct in"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":458.389,"endTime":463.039,"body":"the sense that as we develop and as we"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":458.389,"endTime":463.039,"body":"get more prosperous, you would expect"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":463.049,"endTime":467.702,"body":"people to consume not just more food"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":463.049,"endTime":467.702,"body":"calorically but also, other foods that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":467.702,"endTime":468.972,"body":"traditionally would be more expensive."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":468.982,"endTime":469.482,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":469.482,"endTime":469.516,"body":"So yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":469.516,"endTime":469.532,"body":"No,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":469.532,"endTime":469.832,"body":"that's,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":469.842,"endTime":470.962,"body":"that's a fair consideration."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":471.072,"endTime":471.802,"body":"But now, uh,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":471.802,"endTime":472.062,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":472.062,"endTime":472.302,"body":"I think"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":472.302,"endTime":472.512,"body":"we've,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":472.532,"endTime":473.752,"body":"we've set up the premise pretty well."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":473.752,"endTime":476.642,"body":"I kinda wanted to talk about where"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":473.752,"endTime":476.642,"body":"we're going, where we are in the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":476.642,"endTime":479.142,"body":"future, like, where we are now and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":476.642,"endTime":479.142,"body":"what innovations we see that are"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":479.142,"endTime":479.322,"body":"kind of"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":479.322,"endTime":479.842,"body":"interesting."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":479.962,"endTime":480.782,"body":"Oh, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":480.782,"endTime":482.422,"body":"I feel like that's the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":480.782,"endTime":482.422,"body":"real meat and potatoes."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":482.422,"endTime":482.722,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":482.802,"endTime":483.082,"body":"Well"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":483.442,"endTime":484.292,"body":"No pun intended."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":485.242,"endTime":485.362,"body":"None, none accepted."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":485.412,"endTime":485.522,"body":"Pun, pun accepted."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":486.572,"endTime":490.222,"body":"Uh, Lucas, you actually, before"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":486.572,"endTime":490.222,"body":"we had started recording, you mentioned a"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":490.222,"endTime":491.952,"body":"concept that I didn't even know existed-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":492.112,"endTime":494.532,"body":"Mm …uh, that kind of marries"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":492.112,"endTime":494.532,"body":"some modern technologies that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":494.532,"endTime":495.802,"body":"already exist to deal with pests."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":495.802,"endTime":496.112,"body":"So do"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":496.112,"endTime":496.572,"body":"you wanna,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":496.582,"endTime":497.302,"body":"you wanna talk about that?"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":497.352,"endTime":497.822,"body":"Oh, yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":497.882,"endTime":502.966,"body":"Um, so the Netherlands is at the forefront"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":497.882,"endTime":502.966,"body":"of technological advancement, both in"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":502.976,"endTime":506.956,"body":"the way that our food is structured, the"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":502.976,"endTime":506.956,"body":"way that our technology for creating new"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":506.956,"endTime":509.686,"body":"foods happens, but also in pesticides."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":510.046,"endTime":511.696,"body":"Now, we referenced it earlier."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":511.756,"endTime":516.056,"body":"Pesticides are one of the things that"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":511.756,"endTime":516.056,"body":"make farming so unsustainable right now."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":516.198,"endTime":519.116,"body":"they are developing, and this is"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":516.198,"endTime":519.116,"body":"super cool for our channel, are…"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":519.126,"endTime":519.366,"body":"They,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":519.376,"endTime":523.796,"body":"they have already developed really a"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":519.376,"endTime":523.796,"body":"micro drone that is able to target these"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":523.796,"endTime":529.416,"body":"specific moths that plague, uh, most crops"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":523.796,"endTime":529.416,"body":"where they produce a larva that eats them."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":529.696,"endTime":531.876,"body":"It eats their leaves, which,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":529.696,"endTime":531.876,"body":"uh, makes them die because"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":531.876,"endTime":532.936,"body":"they can't produce energy."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":533.416,"endTime":537.416,"body":"This drone is able to discern them,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":533.416,"endTime":537.416,"body":"target the moths, and then attack"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":537.416,"endTime":540.666,"body":"them with its blades, killing"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":537.416,"endTime":540.666,"body":"them without any chemicals, but"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":540.666,"endTime":541.916,"body":"just in a much more brutal way."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":542.066,"endTime":542.336,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":542.356,"endTime":543.316,"body":"No, that's really cool."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":543.359,"endTime":545.849,"body":"and the introduction of drones"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":543.359,"endTime":545.849,"body":"into agriculture has been"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":545.849,"endTime":546.829,"body":"something we've seen a lot."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":546.869,"endTime":547.069,"body":"I,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":547.069,"endTime":550.419,"body":"I've seen some basically giant"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":547.069,"endTime":550.419,"body":"agricultural drones that,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":550.419,"endTime":550.599,"body":"You know,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":550.599,"endTime":550.669,"body":"the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":550.689,"endTime":550.929,"body":"like"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":550.949,"endTime":552.659,"body":"the quadcopters that exist already?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":552.719,"endTime":553.109,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":553.119,"endTime":554.959,"body":"They're those, but big enough to lift"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":555.199,"endTime":555.359,"body":"a,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":555.419,"endTime":557.059,"body":"a human person, like a full-grown man."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":557.059,"endTime":561.459,"body":"They can lift like 200 or 300 pounds, and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":557.059,"endTime":561.459,"body":"those are now being used to spray crops"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":561.739,"endTime":565.809,"body":"with pesticides, herbicides, what have"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":561.739,"endTime":565.809,"body":"you, or even just to fly over and scan"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":565.809,"endTime":570.039,"body":"the field with, uh, with AI and imagery"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":565.809,"endTime":570.039,"body":"to identify issues before it even exists."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":570.039,"endTime":573.969,"body":"I think I saw one system where they can"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":570.039,"endTime":573.969,"body":"fly over with a drone and actually map the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":573.969,"endTime":577.549,"body":"field and, uh, estimate where nutrients"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":573.969,"endTime":577.549,"body":"are needed, and then you can send in one"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":577.549,"endTime":579.239,"body":"of these drones to basically spot cover"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":579.599,"endTime":579.919,"body":"and,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":579.919,"endTime":581.699,"body":"and treat, uh, plants on the spot."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":581.919,"endTime":583.589,"body":"And then micro drones to treat pest"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":583.589,"endTime":583.729,"body":"is,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":583.769,"endTime":584.669,"body":"is really interesting."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":584.719,"endTime":584.989,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":584.989,"endTime":585.279,"body":"it's…"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":585.309,"endTime":586.339,"body":"It really is crazy."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":586.379,"endTime":586.529,"body":"Like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":586.539,"endTime":591.468,"body":"imagine how much time that saves scanning"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":586.539,"endTime":591.468,"body":"the field where, just 40 years ago, when"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":591.468,"endTime":593.378,"body":"you would overview a field, especially of,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":593.378,"endTime":593.498,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":593.498,"endTime":598.468,"body":"a larger crop like corn, you would have to"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":593.498,"endTime":598.468,"body":"comb through the entire field to spot any"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":598.468,"endTime":601.808,"body":"kind of problem- Absolutely … before it"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":598.468,"endTime":601.808,"body":"became a massive issue, just because of,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":601.838,"endTime":602.118,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":602.118,"endTime":602.698,"body":"your angle."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":602.708,"endTime":604.828,"body":"Or you would fly over"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":602.708,"endTime":604.828,"body":"it with a crop duster."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":605.378,"endTime":609.668,"body":"Now, drones are able to just fly out there"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":605.378,"endTime":609.668,"body":"and do it almost instantly while also,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":609.73,"endTime":614.204,"body":"killing pests, maintaining the chemicals"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":609.73,"endTime":614.204,"body":"that the crops need, uh, to continue."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":614.244,"endTime":618.074,"body":"You can really see why that"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":614.244,"endTime":618.074,"body":"decline from 90 to 2% happened."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":618.154,"endTime":618.684,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":618.684,"endTime":621.604,"body":"And I think the main thing with"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":618.684,"endTime":621.604,"body":"that, too, is more targeted exposure"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":621.634,"endTime":622.354,"body":"of the,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":622.418,"endTime":624.358,"body":"either herbicide or pesticide."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":624.528,"endTime":626.388,"body":"You're not having to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":624.528,"endTime":626.388,"body":"spray your entire field."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":626.478,"endTime":626.668,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":626.678,"endTime":630.718,"body":"You can actually send these drones out,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":626.678,"endTime":630.718,"body":"scan the field, identify target issues,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":630.718,"endTime":634.068,"body":"and then treat them on the spot, or even"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":630.718,"endTime":634.068,"body":"with herbicides or with the small drones"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":634.068,"endTime":637.318,"body":"you were talking about, send those out to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":634.068,"endTime":637.318,"body":"find individual pests and deal with them."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":637.548,"endTime":640.478,"body":"It's not hard to imagine a future"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":637.548,"endTime":640.478,"body":"where perhaps you're fitting these"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":640.478,"endTime":642.498,"body":"drones with minor offensive weapons."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":642.698,"endTime":643.618,"body":"Or right now they're using"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":643.618,"endTime":643.898,"body":"their,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":643.908,"endTime":647.008,"body":"their blades, but imagine if they had"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":643.908,"endTime":647.008,"body":"a small laser, and they could actually"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":647.278,"endTime":650.428,"body":"send hundreds of them or thousands"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":647.278,"endTime":650.428,"body":"of them out to fly around your field"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":650.688,"endTime":653.848,"body":"and look for, maybe they're looking"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":650.688,"endTime":653.848,"body":"for eggs that get laid or pests that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":653.848,"endTime":654.148,"body":"are,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":654.178,"endTime":656.028,"body":"are eating the plant, and they just,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":656.028,"endTime":656.188,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":656.198,"endTime":658.138,"body":"basically, uh, shine a laser on them"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":658.138,"endTime":658.328,"body":"to,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":658.528,"endTime":661.258,"body":"to destroy the eggs or maybe use"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":658.528,"endTime":661.258,"body":"their blades or what have you,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":661.334,"endTime":662.974,"body":"to destroy that pest on the spot."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":663.214,"endTime":665.874,"body":"And you don't have to use any"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":663.214,"endTime":665.874,"body":"herbicides or even human labor."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":665.874,"endTime":668.444,"body":"You just send them out into the field,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":665.874,"endTime":668.444,"body":"and you know your field's protected."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":668.874,"endTime":672.884,"body":"And imagine what that also does for the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":668.874,"endTime":672.884,"body":"knock-on effects for human health, right?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":673.002,"endTime":675.293,"body":"Right now, there's a big push"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":673.002,"endTime":675.293,"body":"for natural foods, right?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":675.293,"endTime":677.063,"body":"Foods that don't use"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":675.293,"endTime":677.063,"body":"herbicides and pesticides."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":677.393,"endTime":677.543,"body":"Uh, but"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":677.543,"endTime":677.743,"body":"that's,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":677.753,"endTime":680.923,"body":"that's a challenge because you"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":677.753,"endTime":680.923,"body":"need much more people involved."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":680.923,"endTime":681.993,"body":"That makes it very expensive."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":681.993,"endTime":684.873,"body":"But potentially with technology, things"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":681.993,"endTime":684.873,"body":"like these drones that we're talking"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":684.873,"endTime":688.563,"body":"about, all food could be pesticide-free,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":684.873,"endTime":688.563,"body":"and that, that's a huge advantage."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":688.598,"endTime":689.108,"body":"it is."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":689.148,"endTime":691.188,"body":"Uh, especially when you're talking about,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":691.188,"endTime":692.158,"body":"Your nutrition,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":692.168,"endTime":692.438,"body":"your,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":692.448,"endTime":693.188,"body":"your safety."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":693.188,"endTime":695.488,"body":"You don't have to worry about"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":693.188,"endTime":695.488,"body":"every single thing being covered in"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":695.488,"endTime":695.688,"body":"a,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":696.058,"endTime":697.118,"body":"a chemical even though,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":697.158,"endTime":697.398,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":697.398,"endTime":700.518,"body":"the companies claim that it's"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":697.398,"endTime":700.518,"body":"not dangerous towards humans."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":700.518,"endTime":704.028,"body":"It's been modified to only,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":700.518,"endTime":704.028,"body":"uh, ta- target a certain thing."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":704.038,"endTime":706.878,"body":"You, you don't really know that,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":704.038,"endTime":706.878,"body":"and it scares a lot of people."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":706.888,"endTime":706.908,"body":"Um-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":706.928,"endTime":707.298,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":707.348,"endTime":710.638,"body":"Another thing too that people consider is"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":707.348,"endTime":710.638,"body":"a lot of people think about themselves,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":710.678,"endTime":714.128,"body":"but you don't think about the farmhands"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":710.678,"endTime":714.128,"body":"actually in the field working with these-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":714.224,"endTime":717.774,"body":"plants that are covered in pesticides,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":714.224,"endTime":717.774,"body":"so it's also safer working conditions"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":717.784,"endTime":720.644,"body":"for the people who still interact"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":717.784,"endTime":720.644,"body":"with our agricultural environment."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":721.134,"endTime":724.554,"body":"Yeah, which is huge because"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":721.134,"endTime":724.554,"body":"most of the people that are farmers"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":724.564,"endTime":728.454,"body":"nowadays are highly specialized,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":724.564,"endTime":728.454,"body":"very valuable members of society."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":728.454,"endTime":729.984,"body":"If they're gone, we all are."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":729.994,"endTime":730.604,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":730.604,"endTime":733.254,"body":"I think there is actually some"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":730.604,"endTime":733.254,"body":"ongoing, uh, lawsuits with Roundup"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":733.254,"endTime":734.614,"body":"about this exact issue, right?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":734.614,"endTime":736.234,"body":"People who were exposed"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":734.614,"endTime":736.234,"body":"to Roundup on the field."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":736.234,"endTime":736.604,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":736.644,"endTime":738.494,"body":"And then we find out 40"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":736.644,"endTime":738.494,"body":"years later, whoops, that's,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":738.494,"endTime":739.664,"body":"uh, that causes issues."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":739.714,"endTime":743.034,"body":"Yeah, and of course, Roundup claimed"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":739.714,"endTime":743.034,"body":"originally, just like with a lot of"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":743.034,"endTime":746.754,"body":"things that are horrible for you way"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":743.034,"endTime":746.754,"body":"down the line, that, um, oh, it's"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":746.754,"endTime":748.154,"body":"been targeted towards a certain thing."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":748.164,"endTime":749.144,"body":"You're f- probably fine."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":749.154,"endTime":751.894,"body":"Yeah, I think the issue was"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":749.154,"endTime":751.894,"body":"it was safe for the end consumer."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":751.894,"endTime":754.264,"body":"It wasn't safe for the people who"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":751.894,"endTime":754.264,"body":"were working with it on a daily"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":754.264,"endTime":757.027,"body":"basis, which kind of ends up being"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":754.264,"endTime":757.027,"body":"the issue with a lot of these things."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":757.067,"endTime":757.367,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":757.667,"endTime":760.717,"body":"Um, another system I've seen that's really"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":757.667,"endTime":760.717,"body":"cool, and I believe this is deployed e-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":760.737,"endTime":762.857,"body":"even if it's not super common, uh, is"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":762.887,"endTime":763.057,"body":"I,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":763.057,"endTime":765.337,"body":"I think John Deere is the one who"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":763.057,"endTime":765.337,"body":"patented this, which we'll talk"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":765.347,"endTime":766.964,"body":"about farming patents definitely."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":767.344,"endTime":770.314,"body":"Uh, but they have a system where"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":767.344,"endTime":770.314,"body":"effectively same thing, it uses cameras"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":770.594,"endTime":774.324,"body":"to identify pest, but it's effectively"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":770.594,"endTime":774.324,"body":"a giant bar that you can mount on your"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":774.324,"endTime":777.574,"body":"tractor, and you drive through your"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":774.324,"endTime":777.574,"body":"field, and it can use cameras, and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":777.574,"endTime":781.484,"body":"I'm sure AI at this point, to identify"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":777.574,"endTime":781.484,"body":"weeds, and it zaps them with lasers."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":781.684,"endTime":781.864,"body":"Oh."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":782.064,"endTime":785.064,"body":"And it burns them down to the root,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":782.064,"endTime":785.064,"body":"and the idea is you can actually"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":785.064,"endTime":788.407,"body":"fit this o- on your tractor while"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":785.064,"endTime":788.407,"body":"you're doing any other activities."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":788.466,"endTime":791.919,"body":"You can fit it while you're doing seeding,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":788.466,"endTime":791.919,"body":"you can fit it just doing spot checks, and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":791.929,"endTime":794.989,"body":"as you drive through your field, you're"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":791.929,"endTime":794.989,"body":"killing all of the weeds without the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":794.989,"endTime":797.419,"body":"worry of any pesticides or any herbicides."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":797.799,"endTime":798.289,"body":"So again,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":798.289,"endTime":798.399,"body":"it,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":798.449,"endTime":799.719,"body":"it ties into what we were talking about."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":799.729,"endTime":802.769,"body":"Even with the drones, you- even"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":799.729,"endTime":802.769,"body":"if you… I think nano drones"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":802.769,"endTime":803.829,"body":"are maybe a bit unrealistic."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":803.829,"endTime":804.089,"body":"This is"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":804.089,"endTime":804.279,"body":"a,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":804.279,"endTime":805.029,"body":"a technology that"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":805.029,"endTime":805.609,"body":"exists now."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":806.039,"endTime":806.569,"body":"I mean, it,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":806.699,"endTime":810.649,"body":"it really is crazy to think you have"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":806.699,"endTime":810.649,"body":"this massive tractor with this bar"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":810.649,"endTime":814.799,"body":"that essentially is just loaded with"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":810.649,"endTime":814.799,"body":"weapons, uh, th- running a route"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":814.809,"endTime":816.289,"body":"that's probably pre-programmed."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":816.399,"endTime":816.439,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":816.439,"endTime":819.959,"body":"There's nobody in the tractor, and"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":816.439,"endTime":819.959,"body":"then it's using AI to obliterate,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":820.149,"endTime":820.459,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":820.459,"endTime":823.989,"body":"a- essentially replacing herbicides"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":820.459,"endTime":823.989,"body":"while your drones fly over and"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":823.989,"endTime":825.689,"body":"destroy all the moths and pests-"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":825.689,"endTime":826.799,"body":"that are living."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":826.839,"endTime":827.469,"body":"Like, like, like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":827.479,"endTime":831.735,"body":"it's… You see what we mean when we say"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":827.479,"endTime":831.735,"body":"it's like it is a crazy technologically"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":831.735,"endTime":833.615,"body":"advanced, uh- I think the weirdest part"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":833.615,"endTime":836.045,"body":"of this is we're- we haven't gotten"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":833.615,"endTime":836.045,"body":"into the future part of the episode yet."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":836.055,"endTime":837.445,"body":"This is stuff that could happen today."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":837.455,"endTime":839.385,"body":"These are technologies-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":837.455,"endTime":839.385,"body":"Yeah … that exist right now."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":839.455,"endTime":840.005,"body":"Insane."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":840.015,"endTime":841.045,"body":"Absolutely insane."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":841.045,"endTime":841.325,"body":"It's at,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":841.325,"endTime":844.245,"body":"it's at the forefront really"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":841.325,"endTime":844.245,"body":"because it's such a pressing issue."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":844.255,"endTime":844.465,"body":"Like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":844.485,"endTime":847.865,"body":"people need food and they need it every"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":844.485,"endTime":847.865,"body":"day and they need it in abundance."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":847.895,"endTime":850.135,"body":"So it's, uh… Yeah, it definitely has"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":850.135,"endTime":850.855,"body":"a lot of,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":850.905,"endTime":853.695,"body":"a lot of future technologies"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":850.905,"endTime":853.695,"body":"being implemented in it that"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":853.695,"endTime":855.095,"body":"aren't implemented anywhere else."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":855.145,"endTime":855.775,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":855.785,"endTime":858.415,"body":"And then speaking of course of the future"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":855.785,"endTime":858.415,"body":"of farming, I don't think you can talk"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":858.425,"endTime":859.989,"body":"about the future of farming without"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":859.989,"endTime":860.213,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":860.219,"endTime":863.649,"body":"the most futuristic concept we see all"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":860.219,"endTime":863.649,"body":"the time, which is vertical farming."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":863.839,"endTime":866.139,"body":"I feel like that's always"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":863.839,"endTime":866.139,"body":"presented right in future- Oh, yeah"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":866.259,"endTime":866.819,"body":"you see, like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":866.819,"endTime":868.619,"body":"there's skyscrapers that are growing food."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":868.969,"endTime":872.669,"body":"And of course that's not a new"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":868.969,"endTime":872.669,"body":"concept, that's not a novel concept,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":872.689,"endTime":873.879,"body":"and it's not even impossible."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":873.879,"endTime":874.559,"body":"It does exist."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":874.559,"endTime":876.259,"body":"There are vertical farms"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":874.559,"endTime":876.259,"body":"that exist right now."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":876.365,"endTime":876.655,"body":"but"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":876.685,"endTime":877.145,"body":"I, I,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":877.185,"endTime":880.245,"body":"I did wanna talk about them"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":877.185,"endTime":880.245,"body":"because I- they're not always"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":880.255,"endTime":881.505,"body":"the solution they seem like."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":881.895,"endTime":882.275,"body":"They,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":882.285,"endTime":883.875,"body":"they seem like they're this wonderful fix."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":884.205,"endTime":887.645,"body":"You plop up a skyscraper in the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":884.205,"endTime":887.645,"body":"middle of your city and now you're"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":887.645,"endTime":890.855,"body":"growing fresh food to feed your"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":887.645,"endTime":890.855,"body":"local population and it takes up a"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":890.855,"endTime":892.175,"body":"much smaller footprint than a farm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":892.175,"endTime":892.865,"body":"That's the idea."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":892.945,"endTime":893.385,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":893.458,"endTime":895.328,"body":"But there, there do tend to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":893.458,"endTime":895.328,"body":"be some issues with them."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":895.748,"endTime":897.418,"body":"For one is that, um,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":897.478,"endTime":897.618,"body":"I,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":897.618,"endTime":899.498,"body":"I don't know, do you have any"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":897.618,"endTime":899.498,"body":"thoughts on these before I dive in?"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":899.628,"endTime":899.828,"body":"Well,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":899.828,"endTime":900.388,"body":"I know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":900.398,"endTime":900.798,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":900.808,"endTime":905.088,"body":"whenever you have to move"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":900.808,"endTime":905.088,"body":"especially liquids up and down,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":905.093,"endTime":905.978,"body":"skyscraper, you're,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":906.008,"endTime":906.348,"body":"that's,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":906.368,"endTime":909.218,"body":"that's a lot of resources"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":906.368,"endTime":909.218,"body":"and energy used right there."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":909.258,"endTime":911.488,"body":"You have waste runoff"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":909.258,"endTime":911.488,"body":"that comes from those."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":911.508,"endTime":913.568,"body":"Where does that go in a"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":911.508,"endTime":913.568,"body":"highly populated city?"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":913.748,"endTime":916.308,"body":"Coming out of a skyscraper"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":913.748,"endTime":916.308,"body":"that's meant to feed all of them-"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":916.408,"endTime":916.698,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":916.748,"endTime":917.558,"body":"is insane."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":917.614,"endTime":918.071,"body":"and then,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":918.071,"endTime":918.301,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":918.301,"endTime":919.091,"body":"you also have,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":919.091,"endTime":919.281,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":919.331,"endTime":921.701,"body":"like how do you move all of that product,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":921.801,"endTime":922.111,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":922.121,"endTime":922.701,"body":"in and out of"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":922.701,"endTime":922.881,"body":"that,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":922.891,"endTime":923.781,"body":"that facility?"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":923.841,"endTime":924.291,"body":"It, it,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":924.291,"endTime":927.401,"body":"it all comes with the"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":924.291,"endTime":927.401,"body":"pressing issue of if it isn't,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":927.431,"endTime":929.561,"body":"spread across a large amount of"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":927.431,"endTime":929.561,"body":"land, you're going to have some"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":929.561,"endTime":931.071,"body":"kind of force that acts against you."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":931.431,"endTime":931.781,"body":"Fair."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":931.881,"endTime":932.251,"body":"Fair."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":932.328,"endTime":933.558,"body":"actually, some of those"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":932.328,"endTime":933.558,"body":"have been addressed."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":933.568,"endTime":935.798,"body":"The runoff issue isn't as"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":933.568,"endTime":935.798,"body":"big as you would expect."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":935.838,"endTime":936.188,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":936.268,"endTime":939.608,"body":"Because a large issue with runoff is"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":936.268,"endTime":939.608,"body":"that, uh, runoff has a lot of nutrients"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":939.608,"endTime":942.688,"body":"needed for plants, and when you spray"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":939.608,"endTime":942.688,"body":"it on a field, it runs into nearby"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":942.688,"endTime":944.148,"body":"lakes and streams, and it feeds algae."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":944.158,"endTime":947.268,"body":"You get algal blooms that basically"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":944.158,"endTime":947.268,"body":"smother all of the life that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":947.268,"endTime":948.881,"body":"was existing in that ecosystem."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":949.341,"endTime":951.871,"body":"Uh, but with buildings, you actually"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":949.341,"endTime":951.871,"body":"have the ability to capture all"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":951.871,"endTime":953.341,"body":"of that and then recycle it."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":953.371,"endTime":955.891,"body":"So it's effectively you capture it, you"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":953.371,"endTime":955.891,"body":"sterilize it, because you don't want"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":955.891,"endTime":959.321,"body":"any contamination, and then you just"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":955.891,"endTime":959.321,"body":"re-feed it to the plants, and any leftover"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":959.321,"endTime":961.351,"body":"nutrients, uh, just get reused up."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":961.431,"endTime":961.721,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":961.731,"endTime":964.451,"body":"So you basically run it through your"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":961.731,"endTime":964.451,"body":"plants, they take what they need,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":964.691,"endTime":968.441,"body":"you collect it in collecting tanks,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":964.691,"endTime":968.441,"body":"sterilize it, pop it back off, and then"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":968.441,"endTime":969.751,"body":"you use it for the next round of plants."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":970.411,"endTime":970.851,"body":"All right."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":970.941,"endTime":972.641,"body":"So that, that one's actually"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":970.941,"endTime":972.641,"body":"not as bad as you would think."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":972.671,"endTime":973.181,"body":"Yeah, no, that,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":973.181,"endTime":973.431,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":973.431,"endTime":973.891,"body":"that's great."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":973.901,"endTime":976.451,"body":"That's actually one of the"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":973.901,"endTime":976.451,"body":"larger problems that I saw."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":976.481,"endTime":976.811,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":976.821,"endTime":976.861,"body":"You know?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":976.871,"endTime":979.901,"body":"Now, distribution, of course, is what"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":976.871,"endTime":979.901,"body":"it is, but distribution in a city is"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":979.901,"endTime":981.301,"body":"always a pain, so that's nothing new."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":981.351,"endTime":983.501,"body":"Either way- Sure … whether"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":981.351,"endTime":983.501,"body":"it's coming from that building or"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":983.501,"endTime":985.521,"body":"coming from farms, you've still"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":983.501,"endTime":985.521,"body":"gotta get the food into the city."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":985.611,"endTime":985.991,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":986.001,"endTime":986.351,"body":"So,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":986.431,"endTime":987.851,"body":"um, that's an issue regardless."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":988.331,"endTime":988.961,"body":"And maybe drones."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":989.281,"endTime":989.351,"body":"That's true."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":989.361,"endTime":991.201,"body":"Just have drones flying"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":989.361,"endTime":991.201,"body":"around, drone delivery."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":991.611,"endTime":995.461,"body":"Um, but no, actually the biggest issue"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":991.611,"endTime":995.461,"body":"is power because, and this is one of the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":995.461,"endTime":998.161,"body":"biggest handicaps that we've seen with"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":995.461,"endTime":998.161,"body":"vertical farming for the longest time."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":998.518,"endTime":999.388,"body":"The sun is free."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":999.562,"endTime":1003.812,"body":"And so long as land is reasonably"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":999.562,"endTime":1003.812,"body":"cheap, it's always gonna be cheaper"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1004.202,"endTime":1008.092,"body":"to grow food with free solar energy"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1004.202,"endTime":1008.092,"body":"than it is going to be to pay the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1008.092,"endTime":1009.712,"body":"power company to turn on grow lights."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1009.752,"endTime":1010.042,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1010.172,"endTime":1014.562,"body":"And in most indoor farming environments,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1010.172,"endTime":1014.562,"body":"not greenhouses of course, but fully"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1014.562,"endTime":1018.132,"body":"sealed off contained, structures,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1014.562,"endTime":1018.132,"body":"the biggest expense is energy."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1018.472,"endTime":1020.302,"body":"It's the energy needed"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1018.472,"endTime":1020.302,"body":"to run those lights."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1020.642,"endTime":1023.952,"body":"And because of this, for the longest"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1020.642,"endTime":1023.952,"body":"time, one of the biggest hampering"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1023.952,"endTime":1026.942,"body":"factors for, uh, indoor growing and for,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1026.942,"endTime":1027.082,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1027.082,"endTime":1030.332,"body":"vertical farming has been,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1027.082,"endTime":1030.332,"body":"uh, cost competitiveness."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1030.392,"endTime":1032.382,"body":"You really can't grow"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1030.392,"endTime":1032.382,"body":"things like staple crops."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1032.382,"endTime":1034.702,"body":"You're not growing corn"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1032.382,"endTime":1034.702,"body":"in an indoor greenhouse."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1034.792,"endTime":1035.132,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1035.142,"endTime":1037.83,"body":"What you can grow, and what has"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1035.142,"endTime":1037.83,"body":"worked and has already worked,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1037.892,"endTime":1039.482,"body":"is high profit margin foods."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1039.492,"endTime":1043.122,"body":"Things like lettuce is easy because"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1039.492,"endTime":1043.122,"body":"it has a decent profit margin"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1043.122,"endTime":1044.212,"body":"and it grows really quick and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1044.212,"endTime":1044.432,"body":"it's,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1044.672,"endTime":1046.512,"body":"it's really small footprint,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1044.672,"endTime":1046.512,"body":"so that's a great one."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1046.882,"endTime":1047.492,"body":"Uh, so a lot of,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1047.492,"endTime":1047.682,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1047.682,"endTime":1048.342,"body":"salad crops."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1048.382,"endTime":1048.572,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1048.742,"endTime":1049.122,"body":"I know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1049.152,"endTime":1052.412,"body":"I know cabbage is, actually mo- a"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1049.152,"endTime":1052.412,"body":"lot of cabbage and lettuce is grown"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1052.412,"endTime":1053.642,"body":"in shipping containers already."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1053.642,"endTime":1053.802,"body":"Oh, is"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1053.802,"endTime":1053.882,"body":"it?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1053.882,"endTime":1054.122,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1054.122,"endTime":1054.562,"body":"Already?"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1054.632,"endTime":1054.872,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1054.872,"endTime":1055.112,"body":"I didn't know that."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1055.112,"endTime":1055.172,"body":"Like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1055.172,"endTime":1057.302,"body":"they, you'll see these stacks of them and"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1057.302,"endTime":1057.482,"body":"they,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1057.492,"endTime":1061.042,"body":"they grow all the cabbage in them and"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1057.492,"endTime":1061.042,"body":"then they just ship the whole farm, pull"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1061.042,"endTime":1062.252,"body":"out the cabbage and start- That's crazy"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1062.252,"endTime":1062.832,"body":"growing it again."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1063.182,"endTime":1063.452,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1063.522,"endTime":1063.722,"body":"And"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1063.722,"endTime":1063.922,"body":"those,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1063.952,"endTime":1064.662,"body":"those represent"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1064.662,"endTime":1064.822,"body":"the,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1064.822,"endTime":1065.442,"body":"the type of crops"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1065.442,"endTime":1065.682,"body":"you see"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1065.682,"endTime":1068.041,"body":"growing inside all the time"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1065.682,"endTime":1068.041,"body":"because- relatively small footprint."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1068.051,"endTime":1068.821,"body":"They grow fast."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1069.031,"endTime":1071.811,"body":"You can grow them in a city, You also see"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1069.031,"endTime":1071.811,"body":"some fruits, I think, growing like this."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1071.811,"endTime":1074.531,"body":"Strawberries are a good example"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1071.811,"endTime":1074.531,"body":"'cause they grow on smaller bushes."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1074.601,"endTime":1074.951,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1074.971,"endTime":1075.271,"body":"And"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1075.271,"endTime":1075.751,"body":"so, you know,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1075.761,"endTime":1077.271,"body":"things like apple trees"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1075.761,"endTime":1077.271,"body":"are fully different."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1077.271,"endTime":1078.111,"body":"We'll talk about that later."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1078.391,"endTime":1079.941,"body":"But strawberries would be a good example."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1079.971,"endTime":1083.201,"body":"So that's kinda been the biggest"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1079.971,"endTime":1083.201,"body":"handicap of vertical farming so far."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1083.461,"endTime":1085.701,"body":"That's not to say in the future"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1083.461,"endTime":1085.701,"body":"it couldn't become better."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1085.891,"endTime":1086.201,"body":"Right."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1086.241,"endTime":1089.291,"body":"Right now it doesn't make sense"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1086.241,"endTime":1089.291,"body":"to grow staple crops in a vertical"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1089.291,"endTime":1091.101,"body":"farm because land is cheap."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1091.561,"endTime":1095.661,"body":"You can just go out to Nebraska, buy"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1091.561,"endTime":1095.661,"body":"a ton of land for next to nothing, um,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1095.681,"endTime":1097.341,"body":"and then grow a bunch of far- uh, corn."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1097.438,"endTime":1099.338,"body":"That might not always be the case."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1099.365,"endTime":1103.555,"body":"We're eventually gonna reach a crossover"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1099.365,"endTime":1103.555,"body":"point where land continues to get"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1103.555,"endTime":1103.905,"body":"more and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1103.905,"endTime":1106.895,"body":"more and more expensive, and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1103.905,"endTime":1106.895,"body":"especially if we have breakthroughs"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1106.965,"endTime":1107.915,"body":"In power production."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1107.915,"endTime":1108.095,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1108.095,"endTime":1109.725,"body":"see our episode on nuclear fusion, right?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1109.775,"endTime":1110.115,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1110.135,"endTime":1112.755,"body":"Uh, we could eventually get to a point"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1110.135,"endTime":1112.755,"body":"where energy gets cheap, land gets"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1112.755,"endTime":1116.125,"body":"expensive, and you reach this crossover"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1112.755,"endTime":1116.125,"body":"point where it makes sense to grow more"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1116.125,"endTime":1117.895,"body":"and more crops in a smaller footprint."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1118.415,"endTime":1119.095,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1119.115,"endTime":1122.655,"body":"So that's really what's gonna drive"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1119.115,"endTime":1122.655,"body":"the, I think, the adaptation of vertical"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1122.655,"endTime":1123.905,"body":"farming more than anything else."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1123.975,"endTime":1127.545,"body":"I don't really think we're at a point"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1123.975,"endTime":1127.545,"body":"right now where, except for in some very"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1127.545,"endTime":1131.105,"body":"specific use cases it makes sense, but in"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1127.545,"endTime":1131.105,"body":"the future it could start to make sense."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1131.175,"endTime":1131.475,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1131.605,"endTime":1134.735,"body":"\\"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1131.605,"endTime":1134.735,"body":"We also see, like, all the"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1135.065,"endTime":1137.075,"body":"These super controlled greenhouses."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1137.255,"endTime":1139.375,"body":"right now they are very"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1137.255,"endTime":1139.375,"body":"expensive to produce."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1139.385,"endTime":1139.775,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1139.815,"endTime":1141.395,"body":"But if you could create,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1141.405,"endTime":1145.135,"body":"Them cheaper and then stack them"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1141.405,"endTime":1145.135,"body":"and be able to completely control"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1145.135,"endTime":1147.765,"body":"that environment, it might also"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1145.135,"endTime":1147.765,"body":"become worth it at that point."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1147.875,"endTime":1150.225,"body":"Yeah, that's effectively the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1147.875,"endTime":1150.225,"body":"same concept for vertical farming."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1150.235,"endTime":1150.245,"body":"Mm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1150.255,"endTime":1152.855,"body":"You get to fully control the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1150.255,"endTime":1152.855,"body":"environment, 'cause vertical farms do"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1152.855,"endTime":1156.335,"body":"typically have higher yield, higher"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1152.855,"endTime":1156.335,"body":"production than traditional farms."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1156.365,"endTime":1156.975,"body":"By a lot."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1157.075,"endTime":1159.215,"body":"And c- because you control"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1157.075,"endTime":1159.215,"body":"every part of that environment."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1159.255,"endTime":1162.195,"body":"Y- they've always got the exact sunlight"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1159.255,"endTime":1162.195,"body":"they need, the exact nutrients they need."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1162.415,"endTime":1163.485,"body":"Those are huge advantages."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1163.555,"endTime":1163.855,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1163.895,"endTime":1168.425,"body":"Disadvantages are typically that, uh,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1163.895,"endTime":1168.425,"body":"pests spread very easily- Yes … and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1168.425,"endTime":1170.465,"body":"contamination, 'cause they're"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1168.425,"endTime":1170.465,"body":"usually on a shared water supply."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1170.535,"endTime":1170.925,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1170.945,"endTime":1173.185,"body":"But those are challenges you can overcome."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1173.415,"endTime":1174.105,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1174.145,"endTime":1177.445,"body":"disease as well- Yeah, disease"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1174.145,"endTime":1177.445,"body":"… can kill the entire thing because,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1177.445,"endTime":1178.945,"body":"like you said, same water supply."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1179.058,"endTime":1181.558,"body":"but- But the nice thing, I would"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1179.058,"endTime":1181.558,"body":"think, is in an internal controlled"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1181.558,"endTime":1185.78,"body":"environment it's easier to- You basically"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1181.558,"endTime":1185.78,"body":"sterilize everything and restart."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1186.09,"endTime":1188.9,"body":"Where in a, in an outdoor"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1186.09,"endTime":1188.9,"body":"environment, that's much trickier."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1189.24,"endTime":1193.24,"body":"You might completely sterilize your"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1189.24,"endTime":1193.24,"body":"field, but, uh, are there some lingering,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1193.326,"endTime":1195.686,"body":"on your neighbor's field, maybe"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1193.326,"endTime":1195.686,"body":"there's still some blight lingering"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1195.686,"endTime":1198.206,"body":"or on some of the outskirts that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1195.686,"endTime":1198.206,"body":"could come back in and recontaminate."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1198.576,"endTime":1201.0,"body":"Where the nice thing with with a"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1198.576,"endTime":1201.0,"body":"controlled en- environment, you could"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1201.23,"endTime":1203.26,"body":"sterilize everything and quarantine."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1203.49,"endTime":1204.27,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1204.38,"endTime":1207.38,"body":"It's, uh, it's actually funny that"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1204.38,"endTime":1207.38,"body":"you mention that because I came across"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1207.38,"endTime":1207.58,"body":"a,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1207.66,"endTime":1210.16,"body":"a company that had failed,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1207.66,"endTime":1210.16,"body":"uh, about a year ago."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1210.21,"endTime":1214.68,"body":"They were producing shipping"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1210.21,"endTime":1214.68,"body":"containers that could produce large"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1214.68,"endTime":1220.29,"body":"amounts of any desired food that you"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1214.68,"endTime":1220.29,"body":"wanted using advanced hydroponics."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1220.346,"endTime":1222.156,"body":"and then they were displaying"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1220.346,"endTime":1222.156,"body":"all of their stuff."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1222.156,"endTime":1224.306,"body":"They were actually on Kickstarter-"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1222.156,"endTime":1224.306,"body":"Oh, of course … displaying"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1224.306,"endTime":1225.263,"body":"the way all of their,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1225.323,"endTime":1225.623,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1225.623,"endTime":1227.543,"body":"hydroponics worked, and it"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1225.623,"endTime":1227.543,"body":"seemed like a great idea."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1227.543,"endTime":1228.643,"body":"They had a huge backing."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1228.643,"endTime":1230.543,"body":"I think it was like $300 million."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1231.043,"endTime":1231.213,"body":"Like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1231.213,"endTime":1231.963,"body":"like it was massive."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1232.16,"endTime":1234.99,"body":"they weren't able to deliver because"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1232.16,"endTime":1234.99,"body":"a del- a disease spread through"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1234.99,"endTime":1237.7,"body":"their whole facility, a massive"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1234.99,"endTime":1237.7,"body":"facility, and it killed every single"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1237.7,"endTime":1239.822,"body":"thing So it is a scary thought."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1239.842,"endTime":1244.064,"body":"We would need to master, especially"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1239.842,"endTime":1244.064,"body":"diseases and pests before we"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1244.064,"endTime":1245.224,"body":"got to a point to where we,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1245.324,"endTime":1245.594,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1245.604,"endTime":1248.009,"body":"had an entire city relying"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1245.604,"endTime":1248.009,"body":"on a building like that."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1248.05,"endTime":1250.4,"body":"Yeah, and it, you probably"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1248.05,"endTime":1250.4,"body":"wouldn't be relying on one, and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1250.4,"endTime":1251.53,"body":"you would have multiple around"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1251.57,"endTime":1251.78,"body":"and,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1251.78,"endTime":1252.92,"body":"and some backup sources as well."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1252.92,"endTime":1253.64,"body":"Of course, yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1253.67,"endTime":1254.08,"body":"But that does"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1254.08,"endTime":1254.26,"body":"kind of"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1254.28,"endTime":1257.95,"body":"get us into some other topics, too,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1254.28,"endTime":1257.95,"body":"'cause of course the next n- step"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1257.95,"endTime":1259.14,"body":"from vertical farming, I think,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1259.14,"endTime":1259.39,"body":"is,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1259.42,"endTime":1261.32,"body":"is the all famous space farming-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1261.43,"endTime":1261.64,"body":"Hmm"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1261.68,"endTime":1263.08,"body":"what we have thought about forever."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1263.31,"endTime":1265.49,"body":"Now, obviously that's gonna be"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1263.31,"endTime":1265.49,"body":"the next step, and you need to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1265.49,"endTime":1267.8,"body":"master all of the issues with"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1265.49,"endTime":1267.8,"body":"vertical farming and then some."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1268.25,"endTime":1268.95,"body":"Well, you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1268.99,"endTime":1272.02,"body":"when you get into space and you"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1268.99,"endTime":1272.02,"body":"get into zero gravity, it comes up"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1272.02,"endTime":1273.28,"body":"with new challenges, but it also,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1273.33,"endTime":1273.54,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1273.54,"endTime":1274.51,"body":"fixes some things."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1274.51,"endTime":1274.75,"body":"Like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1274.76,"endTime":1279.55,"body":"you can base entire farms around a"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1274.76,"endTime":1279.55,"body":"huge area now that our sun is able"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1279.55,"endTime":1281.69,"body":"to produce to get the energy to,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1281.69,"endTime":1282.16,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1282.286,"endTime":1283.266,"body":"produce that food."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1283.448,"endTime":1287.618,"body":"But then you also have new challenges"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1283.448,"endTime":1287.618,"body":"like what does zero-G do to our plants,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1287.668,"endTime":1291.268,"body":"Moving that food from that huge area to"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1287.668,"endTime":1291.268,"body":"the people that need it, things like that."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1291.458,"endTime":1291.798,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1291.798,"endTime":1292.498,"body":"For one, it doesn't have to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1292.498,"endTime":1293.008,"body":"be zero-G."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1293.298,"endTime":1296.378,"body":"Uh, you can definitely put these in a"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1293.298,"endTime":1296.378,"body":"spin station and grow them under whatever"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1296.378,"endTime":1300.238,"body":"gravity you want, maybe zero-G, maybe"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1296.378,"endTime":1300.238,"body":"one G, probably somewhere in between."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1300.238,"endTime":1301.608,"body":"I'm sure there's gonna be some sweet spot."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1301.698,"endTime":1302.068,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1302.123,"endTime":1304.604,"body":"but actually while we're on the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1302.123,"endTime":1304.604,"body":"topic of space farming, something"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1304.604,"endTime":1309.804,"body":"I do really wanna reiterate is that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1304.604,"endTime":1309.804,"body":"I think there's this idea of using"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1309.814,"endTime":1313.394,"body":"orbital farms to feed the Earth, and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1309.814,"endTime":1313.394,"body":"I think that's wholly impractical."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1313.504,"endTime":1313.694,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1313.714,"endTime":1315.994,"body":"I don't think that makes"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1313.714,"endTime":1315.994,"body":"any sense because it's just"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1315.994,"endTime":1316.364,"body":"so,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1316.364,"endTime":1316.634,"body":"it's"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1317.134,"endTime":1317.564,"body":"kind of"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1317.564,"endTime":1320.714,"body":"hard to imagine a more"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1317.564,"endTime":1320.714,"body":"expensive way to grow food."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1321.614,"endTime":1321.924,"body":"It's just,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1322.148,"endTime":1325.148,"body":"Even if we reach an ecumenopolis like"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1322.148,"endTime":1325.148,"body":"Coruscant where you have the entire"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1325.148,"endTime":1329.558,"body":"planet covered in city, I still"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1325.148,"endTime":1329.558,"body":"think vertical farming in skyscrapers"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1329.618,"endTime":1333.088,"body":"is gonna be way more economically"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1329.618,"endTime":1333.088,"body":"beneficial than orbital farms."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1333.198,"endTime":1333.858,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1333.898,"endTime":1338.128,"body":"So probably realistically, orbital"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1333.898,"endTime":1338.128,"body":"farms are only gonna be used to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1338.138,"endTime":1340.608,"body":"feed people who live in orbit."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1341.004,"endTime":1344.194,"body":"And the second point is that when"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1341.004,"endTime":1344.194,"body":"we think about O'Neill cylinders-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1344.374,"endTime":1344.724,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1344.754,"endTime":1347.534,"body":"which is my mission to mention O'Neill"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1344.754,"endTime":1347.534,"body":"cylinders in every episode, apparently."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1348.234,"endTime":1350.494,"body":"Uh, that's typically how we think"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1348.234,"endTime":1350.494,"body":"about people living in orbit,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1350.504,"endTime":1351.644,"body":"is on the O'Neill cylinders."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1351.684,"endTime":1355.134,"body":"And I think there is this idea,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1351.684,"endTime":1355.134,"body":"because when you see them depicted"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1355.134,"endTime":1360.414,"body":"a lot in renders or in fiction, it"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1355.134,"endTime":1360.414,"body":"always looks like kinda rural farmland."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1360.714,"endTime":1366.11,"body":"You see a very dispersed population, and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1360.714,"endTime":1366.11,"body":"most people are, like, feeding themselves,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1366.12,"endTime":1369.89,"body":"and all the food for the O'Neill cylinder"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1366.12,"endTime":1369.89,"body":"is grown on the O'Neill cylinder."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1370.34,"endTime":1371.71,"body":"I also just don't think"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1371.71,"endTime":1371.81,"body":"that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1371.82,"endTime":1373.24,"body":"that's actually true."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1373.78,"endTime":1376.28,"body":"In my opinion, you're gonna do"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1373.78,"endTime":1376.28,"body":"it in a couple of different ways."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1376.65,"endTime":1380.86,"body":"One of the ways that, to me, makes a lot"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1376.65,"endTime":1380.86,"body":"of sense is that the farms are gonna be"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1380.86,"endTime":1385.72,"body":"fully different structures, because they"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1380.86,"endTime":1385.72,"body":"do not have the same design considerations"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1386.12,"endTime":1388.0,"body":"that an O'Neill cylinder with people have."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1388.33,"endTime":1392.38,"body":"So you can build them much cheaper,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1388.33,"endTime":1392.38,"body":"use less shielding, have less safety"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1392.38,"endTime":1396.88,"body":"measures, and grow the food that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1392.38,"endTime":1396.88,"body":"way, in maybe even lower gravity."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1397.17,"endTime":1398.8,"body":"Um, you can potentially keep them sterile."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1399.03,"endTime":1400.64,"body":"Uh, they don't have to look"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1399.03,"endTime":1400.64,"body":"pretty, 'cause if you're,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1400.71,"endTime":1400.95,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1400.95,"endTime":1402.99,"body":"trying to grow in the internal"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1400.95,"endTime":1402.99,"body":"surface of your O'Neill"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1402.99,"endTime":1404.15,"body":"cylinder, it needs to look nice."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1404.58,"endTime":1407.9,"body":"Uh, so you can get rid of all that, make"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1404.58,"endTime":1407.9,"body":"it a fully self-contained, industrial"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1407.9,"endTime":1411.55,"body":"facility that just grows food and then"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1407.9,"endTime":1411.55,"body":"ships it over to O'Neill cylinders."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1411.59,"endTime":1414.42,"body":"And once you're in orbit, it's really"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1411.59,"endTime":1414.42,"body":"easy to move things around between-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1414.43,"endTime":1414.56,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1414.67,"endTime":1417.46,"body":"between structures, so long as"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1414.67,"endTime":1417.46,"body":"they're in fairly similar orbits."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1417.77,"endTime":1421.87,"body":"So you probably have these farms"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1417.77,"endTime":1421.87,"body":"existing, growing food in very industrial"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1421.87,"endTime":1424.7,"body":"environments, and shipping it out"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1421.87,"endTime":1424.7,"body":"for O'Neill cylinders, and then the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1424.7,"endTime":1428.76,"body":"cylinders themselves probably have a"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1424.7,"endTime":1428.76,"body":"couple of gardens maybe for nice areas,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1428.76,"endTime":1431.49,"body":"maybe an apple orchard if people like"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1428.76,"endTime":1431.49,"body":"that to go pick their own apples."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1431.99,"endTime":1434.19,"body":"But just like how most cities"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1431.99,"endTime":1434.19,"body":"aren't growing their own food,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1434.19,"endTime":1437.0,"body":"most O'Neill cylinders probably"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1434.19,"endTime":1437.0,"body":"aren't growing their own food."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1437.23,"endTime":1437.5,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1437.53,"endTime":1438.07,"body":"I mean, at,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1438.13,"endTime":1439.86,"body":"at that point, especially if you can have"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1439.86,"endTime":1440.13,"body":"the,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1440.32,"endTime":1441.82,"body":"the farming cylinder right next to"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1441.82,"endTime":1442.09,"body":"the,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1442.16,"endTime":1445.15,"body":"the housing one, and you could just"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1442.16,"endTime":1445.15,"body":"move that back and forth no problem,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1445.15,"endTime":1447.81,"body":"and then because it's an entire man,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1447.91,"endTime":1448.17,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1448.18,"endTime":1451.25,"body":"built structure, the redistribution"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1448.18,"endTime":1451.25,"body":"of that throughout the cylinder would"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1451.25,"endTime":1452.84,"body":"be easy through underground- Yeah"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1452.88,"endTime":1453.18,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1453.18,"endTime":1453.73,"body":"railways"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1453.73,"endTime":1453.88,"body":"or,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1453.92,"endTime":1454.65,"body":"or pipelines."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1454.68,"endTime":1456.84,"body":"But however they built"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1454.68,"endTime":1456.84,"body":"the logistics system,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1456.96,"endTime":1459.27,"body":"it would just make sense"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1456.96,"endTime":1459.27,"body":"to not even clutter up"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1459.27,"endTime":1459.66,"body":"the,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1459.74,"endTime":1460.79,"body":"the system with that."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1460.86,"endTime":1461.05,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1461.05,"endTime":1463.13,"body":"And like you said, just leave"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1461.05,"endTime":1463.13,"body":"it for things that are pleasant."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1463.25,"endTime":1463.5,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1463.5,"endTime":1464.07,"body":"Make life better."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1464.56,"endTime":1467.25,"body":"Or I could also see if you"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1464.56,"endTime":1467.25,"body":"did wanna grow it on your own O'Neill"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1467.25,"endTime":1469.766,"body":"cylinder, or maybe you have an"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1467.25,"endTime":1469.766,"body":"inter- uh, interstellar colony ship"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1470.086,"endTime":1473.256,"body":"where the idea of an extra ship to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1470.086,"endTime":1473.256,"body":"feed you i- isn't possible, isn't"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1473.256,"endTime":1476.316,"body":"practical, I could see you having an"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1473.256,"endTime":1476.316,"body":"interior structure where the people"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1476.316,"endTime":1480.516,"body":"live, and then maybe a layer outside"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1476.316,"endTime":1480.516,"body":"surrounding that where you grow all of"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1480.516,"endTime":1483.936,"body":"your food hydroponically, uh, through"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1480.516,"endTime":1483.936,"body":"artificial light, artificial means."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1483.936,"endTime":1485.356,"body":"It's not gonna look"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1483.936,"endTime":1485.356,"body":"like your idyllic farm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1485.356,"endTime":1488.206,"body":"Again, gonna be, uh, an industrial space."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1488.456,"endTime":1491.676,"body":"And I think you would probably put"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1488.456,"endTime":1491.676,"body":"that… Relatively, it'd be underneath"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1491.796,"endTime":1492.996,"body":"of the living cylinder, right?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1492.996,"endTime":1495.976,"body":"It'd be closer to the outside, and I"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1492.996,"endTime":1495.976,"body":"think you would do that for the main"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1495.976,"endTime":1499.106,"body":"reason being, why not take advantage"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1495.976,"endTime":1499.106,"body":"of it being extra shielding, right?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1499.106,"endTime":1500.536,"body":"Put it closer to the skin of the ship."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1500.776,"endTime":1503.986,"body":"That's another layer between your"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1500.776,"endTime":1503.986,"body":"population and the outside of space,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1503.996,"endTime":1507.356,"body":"soak up a little more radiation,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1503.996,"endTime":1507.356,"body":"and, uh, i- in the event of,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1507.356,"endTime":1507.456,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1507.456,"endTime":1510.506,"body":"a micrometeor strike or, uh, a"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1507.456,"endTime":1510.506,"body":"strike, uh, maybe you lose some"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1510.506,"endTime":1511.976,"body":"farmland, but that's better than,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1511.976,"endTime":1512.196,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1512.236,"endTime":1513.726,"body":"puncturing the inside of your hull."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1513.866,"endTime":1514.176,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1514.286,"endTime":1516.286,"body":"So I could see that happening"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1514.286,"endTime":1516.286,"body":"too, or you could even go the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1516.286,"endTime":1517.426,"body":"opposite approach if you wanted."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1517.756,"endTime":1518.066,"body":"You know,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1518.066,"endTime":1521.396,"body":"we imagine these O- O'Neill cylinders"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1518.066,"endTime":1521.396,"body":"having an internal cylinder which"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1521.396,"endTime":1522.686,"body":"would represent the sky, right?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1522.776,"endTime":1522.976,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1522.996,"endTime":1525.956,"body":"Uh, perhaps that low-gravity"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1522.996,"endTime":1525.956,"body":"area could also be utilized"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1525.956,"endTime":1526.186,"body":"to,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1526.251,"endTime":1527.393,"body":"house some of your agriculture."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1527.558,"endTime":1527.828,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1527.858,"endTime":1528.028,"body":"no,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1528.028,"endTime":1528.318,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1528.328,"endTime":1529.518,"body":"you definitely could, and"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1529.518,"endTime":1529.998,"body":"it's a,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1530.398,"endTime":1532.268,"body":"it's a really interesting thought,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1532.298,"endTime":1532.498,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1532.498,"endTime":1534.448,"body":"like using it as walls or shielding."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1534.498,"endTime":1537.708,"body":"But it's also would be a great"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1534.498,"endTime":1537.708,"body":"design because when you build"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1537.708,"endTime":1539.078,"body":"vertically, you don't have to build…"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1539.218,"endTime":1539.778,"body":"You know, like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1539.828,"endTime":1541.078,"body":"I feel a lot of people think of,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1541.078,"endTime":1541.208,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1541.218,"endTime":1543.808,"body":"stacking floors, but you can"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1541.218,"endTime":1543.808,"body":"actually build in columns."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1543.818,"endTime":1544.218,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1544.218,"endTime":1547.998,"body":"And those columns inside of them have"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1544.218,"endTime":1547.998,"body":"water feeding plants on both sides."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1548.008,"endTime":1549.588,"body":"It's actually a more"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1548.008,"endTime":1549.588,"body":"efficient way to do it."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1549.668,"endTime":1550.558,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1550.778,"endTime":1551.038,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1551.208,"endTime":1554.828,"body":"Now, when we think about not just growing"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1551.208,"endTime":1554.828,"body":"in space, but I guess growing on Earth,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1554.828,"endTime":1558.088,"body":"especially in the future, we also have"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1554.828,"endTime":1558.088,"body":"to think about what we're gonna grow, and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1558.098,"endTime":1561.408,"body":"right now, I would actually argue a lot"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1558.098,"endTime":1561.408,"body":"of plants are rather inefficient, right?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1561.418,"endTime":1561.608,"body":"Like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1561.818,"endTime":1565.428,"body":"we've already made food way more"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1561.818,"endTime":1565.428,"body":"efficient than it used to be, right?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1565.428,"endTime":1565.518,"body":"Like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1565.518,"endTime":1569.418,"body":"if you look at what corn used to look"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1565.518,"endTime":1569.418,"body":"like several hundred years ago to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1569.418,"endTime":1572.378,"body":"what we've turned it into now, or if"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1569.418,"endTime":1572.378,"body":"you look at medieval paintings of,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1572.378,"endTime":1572.508,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1572.508,"endTime":1573.078,"body":"watermelons."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1573.098,"endTime":1574.008,"body":"Have you ever seen that, by the way?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1574.568,"endTime":1574.788,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1574.788,"endTime":1574.958,"body":"They're,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1574.958,"endTime":1575.328,"body":"they're not,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1575.328,"endTime":1575.558,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1575.718,"endTime":1576.468,"body":"full of melon."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1576.468,"endTime":1576.808,"body":"They're actually,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1576.808,"endTime":1576.988,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1577.258,"endTime":1579.138,"body":"pockets of melon surrounded by basically,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1579.138,"endTime":1579.288,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1579.298,"endTime":1579.978,"body":"this rind."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1580.298,"endTime":1583.838,"body":"And so I think also as we progress"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1580.298,"endTime":1583.838,"body":"into the future, we're going to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1584.268,"endTime":1589.228,"body":"further refine food to produce more"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1584.268,"endTime":1589.228,"body":"and more food per unit of energy-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1589.368,"endTime":1589.568,"body":"Mm"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1589.578,"endTime":1590.088,"body":"absorbed."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1590.608,"endTime":1593.948,"body":"And I was thinking of some ways we"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1590.608,"endTime":1593.948,"body":"can do that with both agricultural"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1593.948,"endTime":1595.728,"body":"and, um, horticultural products."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1595.778,"endTime":1596.338,"body":"For example,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1596.408,"endTime":1599.128,"body":"When we think about growing food indoors,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1596.408,"endTime":1599.128,"body":"whether it's vertical farming, whether"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1599.128,"endTime":1602.768,"body":"it's a space farm, uh, we tend to think"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1599.128,"endTime":1602.768,"body":"about hydroponics, and it's- that's,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1602.778,"endTime":1602.848,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1602.848,"endTime":1605.248,"body":"the gold standard, 'cause it's more"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1602.848,"endTime":1605.248,"body":"efficient, and it generally is."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1605.598,"endTime":1608.508,"body":"Um, but there are some plants that just"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1605.598,"endTime":1608.508,"body":"don't lend themselves to be grown that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1608.508,"endTime":1611.608,"body":"way, and a great example of that would"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1608.508,"endTime":1611.608,"body":"be anything that grows on a tree, right?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1611.608,"endTime":1613.588,"body":"Like apples, peaches, uh, you name it."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1614.028,"endTime":1617.398,"body":"So it wouldn't surprise me in the future"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1614.028,"endTime":1617.398,"body":"if we actually started genetically"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1617.398,"endTime":1620.048,"body":"engineering these fruits to grow on more,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1620.048,"endTime":1620.308,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1620.338,"endTime":1623.625,"body":"vines or bushes or things that are"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1620.338,"endTime":1623.625,"body":"suitable to grow in smaller, confined"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1623.635,"endTime":1626.805,"body":"areas, and especially hydroponically,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1623.635,"endTime":1626.805,"body":"and take up less space, especially"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1626.805,"endTime":1630.521,"body":"if we're gonna be growing them on uh,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1626.805,"endTime":1630.521,"body":"interstellar spaceships or in space farms."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1630.683,"endTime":1630.943,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1631.033,"endTime":1631.393,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1631.393,"endTime":1632.983,"body":"that would absolutely make sense."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1633.003,"endTime":1634.463,"body":"If we could actually take,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1634.52,"endTime":1635.62,"body":"the thing that makes"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1635.62,"endTime":1635.84,"body":"the,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1635.87,"endTime":1637.5,"body":"the tree a tree,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1638.03,"endTime":1638.27,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1638.29,"endTime":1639.77,"body":"like we're talking layers of bark,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1639.78,"endTime":1640.24,"body":"heavy,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1640.24,"endTime":1644.197,"body":"heavy materials, and break it down"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1640.24,"endTime":1644.197,"body":"to just essentially the structure"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1644.197,"endTime":1647.694,"body":"that grows the fruit, then we can"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1644.197,"endTime":1647.694,"body":"introduce that onto ships to produce,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1647.724,"endTime":1648.274,"body":"you know, these,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1648.334,"endTime":1648.844,"body":"these fruits."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1648.844,"endTime":1650.804,"body":"And what you were saying"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1648.844,"endTime":1650.804,"body":"before, too, is we structure the"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1650.804,"endTime":1652.364,"body":"fruits to produce more fruit."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1652.854,"endTime":1655.184,"body":"Then it just becomes more"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1652.854,"endTime":1655.184,"body":"efficient all around."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1655.254,"endTime":1656.024,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1656.024,"endTime":1656.604,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1656.604,"endTime":1659.354,"body":"w- why are you growing this"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1656.604,"endTime":1659.354,"body":"entire tree just to make an apple"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1659.354,"endTime":1660.534,"body":"if you can just grow the apple?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1660.774,"endTime":1663.444,"body":"Especially in places where"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1660.774,"endTime":1663.444,"body":"space is very limited."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1663.954,"endTime":1664.244,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1664.294,"endTime":1667.844,"body":"It is a crazy idea, but we have"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1664.294,"endTime":1667.844,"body":"already modified things so much"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1667.854,"endTime":1671.964,"body":"and in to such an insane way that"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1667.854,"endTime":1671.964,"body":"it really isn't that far-fetched."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1671.994,"endTime":1672.954,"body":"Yeah, it's really not."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1672.974,"endTime":1676.124,"body":"And then e- this is a little"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1672.974,"endTime":1676.124,"body":"more dystopian, but you could"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1676.124,"endTime":1677.464,"body":"do the same thing with animals."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1677.944,"endTime":1680.484,"body":"And I know there's already"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1677.944,"endTime":1680.484,"body":"the idea of lab-grown meats-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1680.554,"endTime":1681.294,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1681.294,"endTime":1682.774,"body":"and 3D-printed meats, and"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1681.294,"endTime":1682.774,"body":"I think those are great."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1682.824,"endTime":1683.384,"body":"Which exists."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1683.414,"endTime":1685.344,"body":"You can order a 3D-printed"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1683.414,"endTime":1685.344,"body":"steak right now."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1685.364,"endTime":1686.254,"body":"What, you can order that now?"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1686.304,"endTime":1686.564,"body":"Yes."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1686.564,"endTime":1687.134,"body":"It's very expensive, though."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1687.134,"endTime":1687.354,"body":"I was gonna"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1687.354,"endTime":1688.294,"body":"say, it's gotta be obscenely"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1688.294,"endTime":1688.384,"body":"expensive."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1688.384,"endTime":1688.524,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1688.524,"endTime":1688.654,"body":"It's,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1688.654,"endTime":1688.854,"body":"I,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1688.854,"endTime":1689.404,"body":"I think it's,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1689.404,"endTime":1689.554,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1689.564,"endTime":1690.394,"body":"$500"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1690.394,"endTime":1690.834,"body":"a steak."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1690.884,"endTime":1691.534,"body":"Oh, Jesus."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1691.994,"endTime":1695.664,"body":"Um- So yeah, that already exists, and I"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1691.994,"endTime":1695.664,"body":"think that's gonna continue to exist now."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1695.694,"endTime":1697.194,"body":"Do we just culture the animal cells in,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1697.194,"endTime":1697.304,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1697.304,"endTime":1699.744,"body":"a vat, and then you just,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1697.304,"endTime":1699.744,"body":"what, extrude them onto- Yes"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1700.544,"endTime":1700.644,"body":"Yeah, that makes"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1700.544,"endTime":1700.644,"body":"perfect sense … it,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1700.644,"endTime":1700.654,"body":"you,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1700.654,"endTime":1706.834,"body":"you essentially grow… You take scrapes"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1700.654,"endTime":1706.834,"body":"of, uh, real beef, and then you use,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1706.834,"endTime":1707.214,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1707.354,"endTime":1711.554,"body":"uh, weight methods of multiplying it in a"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1707.354,"endTime":1711.554,"body":"safe way to where it doesn't break down or"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1711.554,"endTime":1715.864,"body":"rot, and then you feed that into what is"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1711.554,"endTime":1715.864,"body":"essentially a meat printer, and the steak"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1715.864,"endTime":1721.324,"body":"comes out with sinews, and they actually"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1715.864,"endTime":1721.324,"body":"can even add in your own custom marbling."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1721.414,"endTime":1722.044,"body":"Oh, my goodness."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1722.054,"endTime":1724.504,"body":"But the steak looks very obviously fake."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1724.564,"endTime":1724.924,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1724.974,"endTime":1725.194,"body":"Well,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1725.194,"endTime":1726.234,"body":"I imagine it has that,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1726.284,"endTime":1726.534,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1726.574,"endTime":1727.944,"body":"3D-printed, uh - Yes, it has,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1727.944,"endTime":1728.064,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1728.194,"endTime":1729.764,"body":"the lines of a printer- That's"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1729.764,"endTime":1730.664,"body":"amazing … going throughout it."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1730.744,"endTime":1732.424,"body":"Yeah, that's absolutely"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1730.744,"endTime":1732.424,"body":"one thing you could do."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1732.424,"endTime":1732.484,"body":"But,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1732.484,"endTime":1732.674,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1732.674,"endTime":1734.574,"body":"that's arguably so much more ethical."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1734.774,"endTime":1737.454,"body":"It's way more energy efficient,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1734.774,"endTime":1737.454,"body":"too, and this kinda ties back to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1737.454,"endTime":1738.174,"body":"what we were talking about with,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1738.174,"endTime":1738.264,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1738.294,"endTime":1738.784,"body":"apples."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1739.224,"endTime":1741.244,"body":"Like, why are you growing an"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1739.224,"endTime":1741.244,"body":"entire tree to make an apple"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1741.244,"endTime":1742.214,"body":"if you can just grow the apple?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1742.434,"endTime":1744.604,"body":"Why are you growing an entire"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1742.434,"endTime":1744.604,"body":"animal to make a steak if"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1744.604,"endTime":1745.504,"body":"you can just make the steak?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1745.674,"endTime":1745.954,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1745.954,"endTime":1748.564,"body":"That's such a huge loss of energy,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1745.954,"endTime":1748.564,"body":"and that's one of the reasons why,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1748.794,"endTime":1749.004,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1749.004,"endTime":1752.704,"body":"you're spending so much energy to grow"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1749.004,"endTime":1752.704,"body":"a cow, uh, to harvest it for food."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1753.004,"endTime":1755.73,"body":"Whereas if you were to eat"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1753.004,"endTime":1755.73,"body":"the food that the cow ate- uh,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1755.73,"endTime":1756.08,"body":"you,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1756.09,"endTime":1757.44,"body":"you could feed so many more people."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1757.5,"endTime":1760.96,"body":"Now, it's gonna be a limiting"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1757.5,"endTime":1760.96,"body":"factor with growing things like"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1760.96,"endTime":1763.77,"body":"meat in the future, especially"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1760.96,"endTime":1763.77,"body":"on spaceships and space stations."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1764.03,"endTime":1767.53,"body":"So having the option to just culture"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1764.03,"endTime":1767.53,"body":"the cells directly is gonna be"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1767.53,"endTime":1771.11,"body":"hugely advantageous, and might be the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1767.53,"endTime":1771.11,"body":"only thing that allows you to have"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1771.12,"endTime":1775.3,"body":"meat-based products in things like"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1771.12,"endTime":1775.3,"body":"interstellar ships or even space farming."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1775.5,"endTime":1776.25,"body":"Absolutely."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1776.283,"endTime":1777.65,"body":"but, there, there are some,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1777.67,"endTime":1778.01,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1778.02,"endTime":1781.42,"body":"efficiency, um, issues that we"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1778.02,"endTime":1781.42,"body":"run into with, culturing that."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1781.42,"endTime":1785.42,"body":"But you had a very interesting idea that"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1781.42,"endTime":1785.42,"body":"we talked about before where what if"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1785.42,"endTime":1788.8,"body":"you're not just culturing the cells in"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1785.42,"endTime":1788.8,"body":"a Petri dish, but you're culturing, uh,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1789.643,"endTime":1791.723,"body":"essentially a creature that has no soul?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1791.883,"endTime":1792.113,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1793.113,"endTime":1793.963,"body":"That's one way to put it."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1794.003,"endTime":1795.543,"body":"Uh, this actually was not my idea."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1795.543,"endTime":1797.073,"body":"I- but I did see… It was actually funny."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1797.073,"endTime":1797.693,"body":"It's a YouTube video."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1797.693,"endTime":1797.903,"body":"You can,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1797.903,"endTime":1798.033,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1798.033,"endTime":1798.443,"body":"find it."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1798.853,"endTime":1799.033,"body":"I,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1799.033,"endTime":1800.003,"body":"I forget how to reference it."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1800.003,"endTime":1802.633,"body":"I'll put a link in the description if"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1800.003,"endTime":1802.633,"body":"I remember when I actually upload this."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1803.043,"endTime":1806.543,"body":"What if"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1803.043,"endTime":1806.543,"body":"you were to take an animal, right?"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1806.553,"endTime":1808.273,"body":"The only thing you want"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1806.553,"endTime":1808.273,"body":"out of the animal is"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1808.273,"endTime":1808.663,"body":"the,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1808.823,"endTime":1809.243,"body":"the muscle-"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1809.413,"endTime":1809.553,"body":"Mm-hmm"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1809.553,"endTime":1809.903,"body":"usually."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1810.313,"endTime":1812.183,"body":"And you basically stripped away"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1810.313,"endTime":1812.183,"body":"everything you didn't want."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1812.193,"endTime":1815.103,"body":"Specifically, what they talked about"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1812.193,"endTime":1815.103,"body":"was stripping away the nervous system,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1815.453,"endTime":1819.123,"body":"taking away the brain, and just"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1815.453,"endTime":1819.123,"body":"leaving, uh, basically a brain stem,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1819.233,"endTime":1822.893,"body":"uh, to do all of the basic functions"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1819.233,"endTime":1822.893,"body":"to keep it alive, and then a digestive"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1822.893,"endTime":1826.563,"body":"system to turn inputs into outputs,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1822.893,"endTime":1826.563,"body":"which for this case would be meat."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1826.963,"endTime":1827.553,"body":"Uh, and then"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1827.563,"endTime":1827.783,"body":"you,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1827.783,"endTime":1831.353,"body":"you grow this thing, and it's"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1827.783,"endTime":1831.353,"body":"basically a giant meat fruit, if you"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1831.393,"endTime":1832.253,"body":"wanna think about it that way, like"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1832.253,"endTime":1833.333,"body":"a a meat plant."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1833.343,"endTime":1834.253,"body":"There's no brain."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1834.463,"endTime":1835.573,"body":"There's no nervous system."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1835.623,"endTime":1839.023,"body":"It's impossible for there to be cruelty,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1835.623,"endTime":1839.023,"body":"and then you grow it and you harvest it."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1839.183,"endTime":1839.623,"body":"And"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1839.643,"endTime":1839.853,"body":"it's,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1839.89,"endTime":1843.796,"body":"interesting because it seems"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1839.89,"endTime":1843.796,"body":"like a crime against nature."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1843.846,"endTime":1846.176,"body":"And I think the YouTube"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1843.846,"endTime":1846.176,"body":"video where they made"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1846.186,"endTime":1847.076,"body":"it, it,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1847.076,"endTime":1847.996,"body":"it very much,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1848.006,"endTime":1848.356,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1848.396,"endTime":1850.976,"body":"it sparked some interesting"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1848.396,"endTime":1850.976,"body":"con- Like, I'll link it below."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1850.976,"endTime":1851.166,"body":"It,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1851.166,"endTime":1854.356,"body":"it sparked some interesting conversations"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1851.166,"endTime":1854.356,"body":"in the description because on one"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1854.356,"endTime":1858.626,"body":"hand it seems like a crime against"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1854.356,"endTime":1858.626,"body":"nature and it seems immoral."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1858.916,"endTime":1862.086,"body":"But on the other hand, the"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1858.916,"endTime":1862.086,"body":"current agricultural industry"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1862.086,"endTime":1865.126,"body":"with animals is horribly immoral."},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1865.336,"endTime":1868.246,"body":"They're treated horribly, and it"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1865.336,"endTime":1868.246,"body":"seems like if you could remove all"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1868.246,"endTime":1871.946,"body":"the suffering from that by removing"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1868.246,"endTime":1871.946,"body":"their ability to feel suffering,"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1872.456,"endTime":1877.339,"body":"that's gotta be a net benefit even if"},{"speaker":"Um, but the idea was this","startTime":1872.456,"endTime":1877.339,"body":"it, uh, looks grotesque in actuality."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1877.849,"endTime":1878.229,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1878.329,"endTime":1878.599,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1878.599,"endTime":1882.899,"body":"um, just to specify, we are, you're"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1878.599,"endTime":1882.899,"body":"growing the creature without the nervous"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1882.899,"endTime":1886.939,"body":"system, not, um, removing the nervous"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1882.899,"endTime":1886.939,"body":"system from the creature as it develops."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1886.939,"endTime":1887.299,"body":"Correct."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1887.299,"endTime":1887.539,"body":"Sorry,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1887.653,"endTime":1887.843,"body":"what"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1887.843,"endTime":1889.873,"body":"I meant was you're removing"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1887.843,"endTime":1889.873,"body":"it from the template of the animal-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1889.883,"endTime":1891.273,"body":"Yes … which you would then grow."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1891.423,"endTime":1894.623,"body":"Now, um, the… And me and"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1891.423,"endTime":1894.623,"body":"Jake, we were talking about this a"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1894.623,"endTime":1896.043,"body":"little bit before we started recording."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1896.061,"endTime":1899.466,"body":"for me, it makes it a little bit"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1896.061,"endTime":1899.466,"body":"more palatable, if you imagine"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1899.506,"endTime":1901.066,"body":"you're, like, growing- Is that a pun?"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1904.832,"endTime":1905.242,"body":"No."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1906.682,"endTime":1909.842,"body":"Um, it makes it a little bit"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1906.682,"endTime":1909.842,"body":"more, um, palatable if you"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1909.892,"endTime":1912.222,"body":"remove the head of the creature."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1912.222,"endTime":1912.622,"body":"And I know"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1912.622,"endTime":1912.822,"body":"that"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1912.822,"endTime":1915.342,"body":"that also sounds grotesque,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1912.822,"endTime":1915.342,"body":"but imagine instead of,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1915.342,"endTime":1915.472,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1915.472,"endTime":1916.072,"body":"growing,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1916.142,"endTime":1919.026,"body":"like a whole creature and it"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1916.142,"endTime":1919.026,"body":"just is essentially brain dead,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1919.072,"endTime":1919.382,"body":"you're,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1919.392,"endTime":1921.412,"body":"you're growing, like Jake said,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1921.422,"endTime":1921.912,"body":"like a,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1921.932,"endTime":1922.962,"body":"like a fuzzy meat fruit."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1923.272,"endTime":1923.462,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1923.472,"endTime":1923.482,"body":"A-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1923.912,"endTime":1925.002,"body":"and then the depictions"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1925.002,"endTime":1925.322,"body":"this,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1925.442,"endTime":1927.992,"body":"this video had, they were effec-"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1925.442,"endTime":1927.992,"body":"effectively just a tube of meat."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1928.392,"endTime":1928.662,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1928.832,"endTime":1932.222,"body":"And, uh, and that tube of meat has a"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1928.832,"endTime":1932.222,"body":"digestive tract because you need to"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1932.222,"endTime":1934.372,"body":"feed it, um, something to produce that."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1934.372,"endTime":1936.612,"body":"Because if we didn't do that,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1934.372,"endTime":1936.612,"body":"then we're just right back to"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1936.612,"endTime":1939.662,"body":"producing lab-grown meats where"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1936.612,"endTime":1939.662,"body":"we're feeding it nutrient through,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1939.662,"endTime":1939.812,"body":"like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1939.812,"endTime":1941.639,"body":"a nutrient solution, which is inefficient."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1941.639,"endTime":1945.752,"body":"the actual body can produce"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1941.639,"endTime":1945.752,"body":"muscular structure easier by"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1945.762,"endTime":1947.542,"body":"you feeding a digestive system."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1947.592,"endTime":1950.555,"body":"so yeah, we would just have meat tubes."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1950.595,"endTime":1954.315,"body":"And if it doesn't look like"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1950.595,"endTime":1954.315,"body":"an animal, and it's just,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1954.375,"endTime":1954.735,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1954.735,"endTime":1954.955,"body":"like"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1954.955,"endTime":1955.195,"body":"a,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1955.385,"endTime":1957.725,"body":"a steak tube, it's not too bad."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1958.055,"endTime":1959.365,"body":"It's definitely food for thought."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1959.455,"endTime":1959.745,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1959.875,"endTime":1960.105,"body":"It's,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1960.135,"endTime":1960.795,"body":"you know, it's not,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1960.795,"endTime":1961.355,"body":"it's not too bad."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1961.375,"endTime":1962.215,"body":"It's, it's like,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1962.225,"endTime":1964.555,"body":"it's like I feel like it would"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1962.225,"endTime":1964.555,"body":"definitely be an adjustment period."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":1964.955,"endTime":1965.385,"body":"I think the"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1965.385,"endTime":1968.265,"body":"most interesting thing to me"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1965.385,"endTime":1968.265,"body":"when I stumbled across this video was"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1968.265,"endTime":1972.025,"body":"the comments because some people were"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1968.265,"endTime":1972.025,"body":"very much grossed out by this, and they"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1972.025,"endTime":1972.965,"body":"were like, \"Yeah, this is horrible.\""},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1973.195,"endTime":1978.345,"body":"But a lot of people did point out that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1973.195,"endTime":1978.345,"body":"this is arguably more morally acceptable"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1978.345,"endTime":1980.545,"body":"than the current practices that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1980.545,"endTime":1981.005,"body":"we're,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1981.015,"endTime":1982.925,"body":"we're engaging in, which is"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1981.015,"endTime":1982.925,"body":"where we're taking incredibly"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1982.925,"endTime":1983.875,"body":"smart animals, things like,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1984.145,"endTime":1984.305,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1984.305,"endTime":1987.515,"body":"pigs are very smart, cows are"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1984.305,"endTime":1987.515,"body":"very smart, and, uh, subjecting"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1987.515,"endTime":1988.495,"body":"them to horrible conditions."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1988.505,"endTime":1991.834,"body":"So if you can remove their"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1988.505,"endTime":1991.834,"body":"ability, to feel anything and then,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1992.064,"endTime":1992.254,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1992.254,"endTime":1993.124,"body":"remove all of that,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1993.134,"endTime":1993.304,"body":"does,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1993.354,"endTime":1995.994,"body":"does that alleviate,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1993.354,"endTime":1995.994,"body":"uh, the ethical concern?"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1996.044,"endTime":1998.094,"body":"And I can't make that"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1996.044,"endTime":1998.094,"body":"distinction for anyone."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1998.144,"endTime":1999.434,"body":"Uh, that's gotta be your own call."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1999.794,"endTime":2004.664,"body":"Some people I think are more"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":1999.794,"endTime":2004.664,"body":"ethically bothered by changing an"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2004.704,"endTime":2008.014,"body":"animal to such an extreme extent,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2004.704,"endTime":2008.014,"body":"uh, than by the suffering going on."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2008.034,"endTime":2008.584,"body":"But for me,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2008.624,"endTime":2008.764,"body":"I,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2008.764,"endTime":2010.874,"body":"I agree with you, I do think it"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2008.764,"endTime":2010.874,"body":"makes it more palatable, so to speak."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":2011.094,"endTime":2011.414,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":2011.514,"endTime":2016.094,"body":"We commit an atrocity against nature"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":2011.514,"endTime":2016.094,"body":"to not commit a million atrocities"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":2016.094,"endTime":2018.104,"body":"a day by doing what we do to"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":2018.594,"endTime":2018.834,"body":"a,"},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":2018.834,"endTime":2020.089,"body":"a living creature that had a life."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2020.164,"endTime":2021.404,"body":"I'm interested to"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2020.164,"endTime":2021.404,"body":"hear what people have to say."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2021.404,"endTime":2022.014,"body":"Comment below."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2022.034,"endTime":2024.314,"body":"Let me know what you think 'cause"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2022.034,"endTime":2024.314,"body":"I… That one is one where I saw"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2024.314,"endTime":2025.844,"body":"a lot of, uh, back and forth."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2025.884,"endTime":2027.364,"body":"People feel very strongly about it."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":2027.574,"endTime":2027.884,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2028.046,"endTime":2030.906,"body":"With that being said, I think we're"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2028.046,"endTime":2030.906,"body":"gonna leave you all on that wonderful"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2030.926,"endTime":2032.666,"body":"thought and wrap this episode up."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2033.006,"endTime":2036.326,"body":"Uh, join us next week where we're"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2033.006,"endTime":2036.326,"body":"gonna be talking about nanotechnology"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2036.616,"endTime":2039.716,"body":"and how that will affect things like"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2036.616,"endTime":2039.716,"body":"medicine, of course agriculture,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2039.716,"endTime":2043.126,"body":"terraforming, and maybe even,"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2039.716,"endTime":2043.126,"body":"uh, robotics and living metals."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2043.136,"endTime":2046.246,"body":"If that sounds interesting for"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2043.136,"endTime":2046.246,"body":"you, uh, join and maybe subscribe"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2046.246,"endTime":2048.386,"body":"on whatever platform, uh, you"},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2046.246,"endTime":2048.386,"body":"choose to listen to us on."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2049.026,"endTime":2049.626,"body":"Thanks, guys."},{"speaker":"Jacob","startTime":2049.956,"endTime":2050.326,"body":"Take care."},{"speaker":"Lucas","startTime":2050.546,"endTime":2050.856,"body":"Bye-bye."}]}