Shadow Me Next!

More Than Colonoscopies: The Multiverse of Gastrointestinal Surgery | Dr. Doug Adler, MD

Ashley Love Season 1 Episode 54

Curiosity is a skill, and it can carry a medical career farther than raw talent. We sit down with interventional gastroenterologist Dr. Doug Adler to unpack 30 years of change in training, technology, and the mindset it takes to serve patients well. From the rise of gap years and research-heavy applications to the moment you realize you’re responsible for another human life, Doug brings candid advice and memorable stories that cut through the noise.

We dig into why GI is now one of the most in-demand specialties: broad organ systems, high-impact procedures, and advances that turned yesterday’s surgeries into today’s same-day endoscopy. Dr. Adler breaks down important techniques, evolving devices, and the practical realities of staying current so you never become the clinician practicing like it’s 1998. 

For students and early clinicians, the conversation turns to professionalism and presence. Everything is part of the interview: your tone, pacing, clothing, and judgment under mild pressure. You’ll get a simple exercise to test whether your delivery inspires TRUST. And because a full life fuels better medicine, Doug opens up about flying single‑engine planes and writing about aerospace, space exploration, and the people who inspired him as a kid.

More about Dr. Adler at: 

podcast: GIE 

X (twitter): @DouglasAdlerMD

Virtual shadowing is an important tool to use when planning your medical career. At Shadow Me Next! we want to provide you with the resources you need to find your role in healthcare and secure your place in medicine.

Check out our pre-health resources. Great for pre-med, pre-PA, pre-nursing, pre-therapy students or anyone else with an upcoming interview!
Mock Interviews: shadowmenext.com/mock-interviews
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Ashley Love:

Hello and welcome to Shadow Me Next, a podcast where I take you into and behind the scenes of the medical world to provide you with a deeper understanding of the human side of medicine. I'm Ashley, a physician assistant, medical editor, clinical preceptor, and the creator of Shadow Me Next. It is my pleasure to introduce you to incredible members of the healthcare field and uncover their unique stories, the joys and challenges they face, and what drives them in their careers. It's access you want and stories you need. Whether you're a pre-health student or simply curious about the healthcare field, I invite you to join me as we take a conversational and personal look into the lives and minds of leaders in medicine. I don't want you to miss a single one of these conversations. So make sure that you subscribe to this podcast, which will automatically notify you when new episodes are dropped. And follow us on Instagram and Facebook at Shadow Me Next, where we will review highlights from this conversation, and where I'll give you sneak previews of our upcoming guests. After 30 years in medicine, this physician somehow stays more curious, more energized, and more committed than ever. Dr. Doug Adler. Dr. Adler describes the way he has seen the field evolve. We talk about the shift towards gap years, the rising pressure on students, and the quiet maturity that separates applicants who are ready from those who still see this as an extension of college. He describes the day he realized what it actually means to be responsible for another human life, and how research became the place where he expands his reach far beyond the walls of his own clinic, shaping the care of thousands of patients he'll never meet. And his hobby is incredibly cool: flying planes, writing about space exploration, and interviewing the very people he dreamed of becoming as a kid. Please keep in mind that the content of this podcast is intended for informational and entertainment purposes only and should not be considered as professional medical advice. The views and opinions expressed in this podcast are those of the host and guests and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any other agency, organization, employer, or company. This is Shadow Me Next with Dr. Doug Adler. Dr. Adler, thank you so much for joining us today on Shadow Me Next and taking the time to share your incredible story, including a hobby that I think is one of the coolest things I've ever heard.

Dr. Doug Adler:

Thanks for having me. I really appreciate it. So, Dr.

Ashley Love:

Adler, you have been working in medicine for 30 years, over 30 years. 30 years this year. You've seen a lot. 30 years is a long time in medicine, especially with the number of changes that I'm sure you've seen. And um, yeah, I usually like to start the episodes talking about your path to your career and your journey into medicine, but maybe we can do things a little differently because you also have mentored a lot of students through this journey. So, Dr. Adler, tell me how that has tell me how it looks different. Tell me how that's changed, that journey into medicine from when you did it until now, what you're seeing with your students.

Dr. Doug Adler:

Sure. So I do think that stuff has changed quite a lot. And it's, you know, at 30 years, you can kind of see things or bigger trends that were invisible to you earlier on. You know, when I was an undergrad, um, and I was never somebody who wanted to go to medical school. Like I was never the kids who said they wanted to go to medical school. I was never that person. I really went to college unsure of what I was gonna do. Um, and then I really didn't decide to apply to medical school till I was a junior. And I I sort of I had looked at other classes and other fields of study, like I very seriously thought about getting a PhD in astronomy or physics. Whoa. Um, and then uh I ended up taking a biology class, I think it was the last semester of my sophomore year, and I really, really enjoyed that. And I thought, oh, maybe I should go to medical school. And then I did a summer in a laboratory. I worked at Cold Spring Harbor. Uh, and that made me realize two things. One is that I really liked biology, and two, I did not want to be a PhD in biology at all. Uh, and then I came back to to college in the the fall of my junior year and realized that hey, I should go to medical school, but then I I had two years to basically do all of the prerequisites. So I sort of I sort of was taking four and five science classes a semester to get everything done and graduate in four years. So, like my my sort of time of thinking about doing this, taking the pre-med classes, taking the MCAT and applying to medical school was very, very compressed. But in my first two years, uh I really kind of wasn't, you know, I was taking math and physics and chemistry and you know, English and anthropology, and I just really wasn't focused on medical school till late. Um, but when I went and I graduated college in '91, um everybody went straight to med school. Like if you didn't go straight to med school, there was something wrong with you, you were a loser, like you had like a deficit that you had to make up for. And I didn't know anyone. I mean, I everybody I knew was pre-med by the end, and and everybody went straight in. And I think one of the biggest changes now is that people are almost expected to have a couple of gap years, additional experiences, publications, research, and that really was not required for us. We were expected to, you know, have good grades in our core pre-med classes and a strong MCAT score and good letters. And that was kind of what they expected of us. Um, and virtually nobody had research experience. And, you know, I had worked in laboratories by the time I graduated college, I had a couple of years of laboratory experience under my belt, and that was very uncommon. So, you know, I was a 21-year-old first-year medical student, and I was a 25-year-old intern. Um, and now, you know, the med students that I am working with, and we we get med students from two medical schools at my hospital, you know, they're 27, 28, 29, and they're third-year med students, you know. And when I was 29, I was a GI fellow.

Ashley Love:

Wow.

Dr. Doug Adler:

So it I think that is a big change. On the one hand, it's good in that they are more mature, they're certainly more mature than you know most people. You know, I mean, you can't compare a 29-year-old to a 25-year-old, it's just a different phase of life. But on the other hand, um, you know, a lot of them are starting families when they're still in medical school and they're accruing debt, um, and they are going to de facto, you know, be shaving a couple of years off of their career financially. So it does give and it does take. But like when I was a medical student, my first year, the average age in my class, I think, was 21.

Ashley Love:

Like we were all straight out.

Dr. Doug Adler:

There were one or two people who weren't straight out and they were they were viewed as highly atypical.

Ashley Love:

Yeah, the demographics, I would imagine, have just vastly changed. And you mentioned something that I would like to touch on quickly, and that's that's research. And I think that's a main differentiator between do you want to go to medical school, do you want to go to PA school for a lot of the students that I'm talking about is well, do you have any research experience? And as you said, when you were when you were going through this, research really wasn't a huge, you know, it's not something you saw in every resume. And I think now for medical schools it is, but now you've published over what 500 scientific papers and 700? Right, yeah. And you've written textbooks and you're so do you think that that research background is really, really needed for physicians these days?

Dr. Doug Adler:

I well, I mean, not for everybody. I mean, you have to really care about it, you know. And I I've said this many times that it's literally what gets me up in the morning. Like people who know me know that like I am very, very focused on the research. Like I'm in full-time clinical practice. Um, but you know, I get up at four in the morning. And before I go to work, like I usually leave for work around 6, 6.30. But before I go to work, I work on a couple of projects for a few hours in the morning every day because I like it and I care, and it's a way for me to affect the care of thousands of patients that I'll never meet. You know, like you write an article, somebody reads that, it affects the way they care for patients. Like I've never met those patients, but I can have an input in their care. Um, and you know, like at this point in my life, like I don't need to do research anymore. Like I've been a tenured professor, I'm a professor now. Like, you know, I don't really need to publish anymore, but I I really enjoy it. It's good to work with other people, it's good to sort of push the envelope or see how other people treat diseases or do procedures. So I really, really enjoy it. Like it it is very motivating. And I see, yeah, I don't want to be negative, but I see a lot of my colleagues are bored. And and you know, they've been doing the same thing for 20, 30 years. They're master clinicians, like nothing surprises them. And, you know, like sometimes I'll say to my friends, any good cases? And they'll be like, no, not really. You know, like they're bored, and the the research keeps you from getting bored because it's always new, it's always different, there's always something new to write, there's always a new study to do, there's a new device to evaluate, or a new drug, or something to do. And it it's a way to stay engaged, and I think it also keeps your brain a little sharper. I hope it's keeping my brain sharper.

Ashley Love:

Absolutely. That is, of course, Dr. Adler, a perfect transition into my next question as well. We sell medicine as being a place for lifelong learners, right? And so much of your resume is about education. Um, but it sounds like this research is kind of where that lifelong learning kind of comes to fruition. Is it just that, or do you see that in clinic as well? Are you still learning in clinic in in the OR?

Dr. Doug Adler:

Oh, you're definitely still learning. I think you have to. Um, I was just just this morning thinking about this, and I'm gonna post on X about this later today. And I think that a lot of people do get stale and they sort of they sort of petrify uh at the end of their training, and they just basically practice the way that they learn in their training, and that'll get you by for about four or five years, and then things really start to drift, and then drugs change and devices change and procedures change, and new procedures come, and old procedures are you know obsolete. And you know, like I make an effort, like I'm an interventionist, I'm in procedures every day. Um, and I make an effort to learn a couple of new procedures every single year. Like when I learn them, am I sure I'm gonna use them or need them? Like, I don't know, like you don't know what's gonna take off or what's gonna get traction, but it's always good to sort of have your hand in new things so that you don't get scale stale, you don't become a dinosaur. And I've practiced with more than a few doctors who were just literally ossified, you know, and they were using drugs that had been obsolete for 20 years or doing their procedures in a way that really, really dated them. And unfortunately, most patients aren't sophisticated enough to pick up on that, like, oh, you know, she's practicing like it's 1998, right? And they just they just think, oh, the doctor told me to do this. But but other doctors know, and you don't want to be that dinosaur.

Ashley Love:

It's a nice teaser for talking about your podcast, which we'll talk about later, that I know a lot of c a lot of clinicians listen to, but a lot of patients listen to as well. It's it's great to be informed, it's great to know, oh, you know, I'm going to see my GI doc for this procedure. Let me see how they're practicing it now, and let me see what my physician is going to recommend. You know, I I don't really, I don't, I don't know if I want a procedure that was, you know, popular in 1995. Maybe I do, maybe I do, but there's, you know, there's been so much advancement, and it is so exciting for us as clinicians to practice those advances, but it should also be equally exciting for the patient to benefit from those advances as well. So we're gonna dive into that now. You mentioned something that I am just so excited to talk about, and it is the fact that you're an interventionalist, you do procedures every day. So you are a gastroenterologist. For our listeners, describe what that means, and then what does your day look like? I'm thrilled to hear this.

Dr. Doug Adler:

So uh GI is kind of misunderstood. Like nobody on earth goes to medical school to be a GI. Nobody at all ever. Uh, because you know, they have perceptions of what a GI does based on jokes they heard in junior high school. Guy goes to a phontologist's office, um, you know, or like, oh, that would smell bad, or that's disgusting. Um, and then when people go to med school and they start hanging around the hospital for a couple of years, they suddenly realize, like, oh wow, that's a really good specialty. Um, because we get young and old patients, not all specialties get young and old patients. We get benign and malignant disease. Uh, we get, and this is gonna sound silly, but we get a lot of organs. Like, you know, some specialties get one organ, like that's it, that's all they get. Like some specialties practically get one chief complaint. Um, but we get esophagus, the stomach, the small bowel, the large bowel, the pancreas, the bile ducts, the liver. You know, like we get all these organs and they can have all sorts of dysfunctions. And GI in 2025 is very much a procedural specialty. I mean, you know, when people think of a colonoscopy, like that's kind of people's perception. But colonoscopy is just one of many, many things that we do. There's all manner of upper and lower endoscopy complex interventions in the bile, ducts, in the pancreas, in the liver, in the gallbladder. Um there's uh what they're called third space procedures that we do all the time now, where uh we violate tissue planes and enter into other areas of the body that would otherwise not be accessible. And some of those areas have nothing to do with the GI tract, and we just use our endoscopes, and there's a huge variety of devices to do things that many, many years ago were surgery, and now you know you would never consider doing surgery. You know, my wife and I are re-watching ER. On ER, you know, like the patient is seen in the emergency room, and then they call surgery, and the patient has always run off to surgery, and they show them, you know, doing these giant surgeries with their hands in the patient's abdomen and chest. And like every day I say to my wife, like, none of this would happen anymore. Like, this is all like minimally invasive. Like, like we would do this with a scope, and the patient would eat dinner at home that day and wouldn't even stay in the hospital. And like it is interesting to, you know, at least within the context of that particular media program, to see how much stuff has changed, you know. And again, when I was a med student, everybody got run off to the OR and they were in the hospital 10 days, you know, off of work six weeks. And it's just not like that anymore. And GI has really been at the forefront of that. So, like, again, nobody goes to med school to do GI, but GI is now the most in-demand specialty, like bar none. Like, it's easier to become a plastic surgeon than it is to become a gastroenterologist. And when I was at the University of Utah, uh, I was a fellowship director there for seven years. You know, we had two or three spots a year. I mean, we never got less than 400 applications.

Ashley Love:

Oh my goodness.

Dr. Doug Adler:

Right, but that's what I mean. So, like, there's there's the perception that you have going into med school, which is based on nothing, essentially. And then there's the reality of that you you acquire from hanging around the hospital for a couple of years, and then people think very, very differently about stuff. But I do think, you know, I know you have a lot of pre-medical applicants listening to the pot. You know, it's really hard to escape these media influences, whether it's House or Scrubs or Gray's Anatomy. You know, I was I was heavily influenced by Dr. McCoy and Hawkeye Pierce, right? These are the media doctors of my youth. And it has nothing to do with reality, like zero. It has zero bearing on reality. So I think that, you know, if you're going to med school, you have to go in just open and just sort of see like what is concordant with your personality, what is concordant with, you know, how much do you want to work? What do you want to do? Do you like to do procedures? Do you want to be in clinic? Do you want to be reading x-rays? And you don't really know that about yourself until you get out there. And that's a that I think a lot of people have that difficult sort of needle scratching on the record moment where they they say, like, oh, the thing I've been saying since third grade, I'm really not interested in. You know, this other thing that I had never even considered is a better fit for me. And like, for example, one of my best friends in medical school, she became a pathologist, you know, and and that was not something I I got the sense she had ever considered before going to medical school. And then, you know, a pathologist is a highly atypical physician job, doesn't see patients ever, right? Not you know what I'm saying, like like with a microscope all day looking at slides, and and she's really, really, she's really engaged in her job and glad she does what she does. But, you know, like she didn't go to medical school saying, I want to look at glass slides for 40 years, right? Like you you just have to kind of be willing to go where it leads you.

Ashley Love:

It's really great advice, and it's one of the reasons why I created this podcast, Shadow Me Next. You know, it's it's becoming more and more difficult to get that exposure and that experience that you're talking about. But if we can just get a sneak peek into some of the lives of these clinicians and say, okay, that guy's a GI doc. Why does he like working in GI? Um, I had a urology NP on just before this. And somebody might say, Why in God's name would she want to look at that body part all day? And she's so passionate about it. And until you really understand and talk to these people why it might not make sense to you. And you mentioned a couple of things that I think are so great. You can't just focus on what medicine you want to do. You have to focus on what that looks like, what your life are do you want to be more clinical? Do you want to be more procedural?

Dr. Doug Adler:

Right.

Ashley Love:

Like you mentioned, how hard do you want to work? And it's it's even more than that, it's how passionate are you about working that hard too, you know? And um, these are questions that are so important, and something that I'm sure over the 100 plus, probably much more than that, physicians that you've mentored from undergrad all the way through, these are conversations you're having frequently. What is something that you wish students were more focused on? A character trait. Let's go with that one.

Dr. Doug Adler:

I do think that it is important to be serious about the undertaking you are getting into. Um, and again, not to be too serious, but I think when I was a third year, the enormity of what I had undertaken finally hit me. Because first and second year is kind of well, it's college. I'm in a lecture hall, I I take notes, I I take tests, and it just felt like two more years of you know, more arduous college. And and I did not come from a family of physicians, I'm the only physician in my family. Um, and I remember in the middle of third year, that was kind of the first time that the enormity of the responsibility of caring for living humans hit me. Um and that's a big moment because you know, when you're a kid, there's always somebody older, smarter, bigger, more wise. And then when you're an adult, like you're that person, like you're the one doing the procedure, writing the drug, making the decision. Um and I I think that I wish I had made that realization a little earlier. Um, and and you know, we mentor like in my current job, we have medical students, residents, and GI fellows with us all the time. Um and so I don't work with too many undergrads now, but I think as an undergrad, if you're considering getting, you know, an NP or a PA or an MD or a DO degree, like you do have to kind of recognize the seriousness and the enormity of what you are undertaking. And some people never figure that out, right? But I think that those who take it more seriously and have more ownership tend to do better. Nobody gets everything right every time, but like I just distinctly remember the moment when I was a third year when I had that realization that, like, you know, even as just a knucklehead third year, I was making decisions that affected patients' lives. So I I think that when you apply to these programs, right, P I N P M D D O, like the people who can convey that have a maturity that will help them both during the application cycle and in school. And unfortunately, and I I interviewed for uh I've interviewed for many medical schools over the years that I've been faculty on. A lot of people come off as very juvenile in their interviews, and like I I can't convey strongly enough what a deal ender that is, right? Like it's not a lark, like it's it's it's you're you know, you're you're going into healthcare. So again, we I know we've kind of taken a serious turn, but but it's I think it's really important. And and I remember people who were like goofing around in the interview, and it was fun and we had a good time, but I re I scored them low. And the people who seemed awake, awake, alert, committed, and understanding what the job they were asking to do, right, scored higher, even if they maybe weren't so charismatic, right? Like, who would you rather have take care of you?

Ashley Love:

Here on Shadow Me Next, we include a quality question, something that you can use to help you prepare for your own interviews. Today's quality question isn't something Dr. Adler said outright. It's a reflection of what he meant. He talked about how applicants show up, the tone they use, the way they carry themselves, even the little things like clothing choices or casual comments. And it made one point so clear. Your interview is the first moment you're asking someone to trust you with their patience. And eventually with their own care. So here's your reflection for today. Would your interview presence make someone trust you with their care? Not your GPA, not your resume, your presence. So here's your action step. Record a 30 to 60 second answer to any common interview question. Watch it back only through the lens of trust. Would I trust this person to care for someone I love? Adjust one small thing tone, posture, pace, or word choice, and then re-record. Keep in mind that there's more interview prep, such as mock interviews and personal statement review, over on shadowmext.com. There you'll find amazing resources to help you as you prepare to answer your own quality questions. It goes back to professionalism, right? I mean, what you know your interview really is the start of your whole career. And that's what I tell RPA students. You know, are you looking at PA school and medical school as years five, six, seven, and eight of college? Or are you looking at these years as years one, two, three, four of your career? The rest of your life. And you're absolutely right. And you can definitely understand the students who kind of feel that weight and feel that significance. When you were talking, it just it reminded me of our very first episode we ever recorded. I had a PA student on the show, actually, and she mentioned how she was sitting with a patient and she had just told this patient they had pancreatic cancer. But um, she said, Ashley, it was just, it was the it was so heavy because I knew pancreatic cancer. I had read about it in a book. I could describe the pathophysiology, I could describe all the treatments, I could describe, you know, the expected outcomes, all the all the numbers. But looking at that patient and saying those words to that patient was just all of a sudden all that went away, you know, and really the gravity of the situation was felt.

Dr. Doug Adler:

So um it's the worst news they're ever going to hear in their whole life.

Ashley Love:

Exactly. Exactly. And and so much of the data and the studying doesn't really prepare you for that moment. So I'm really glad you mentioned that. Thank you for describing that, discussing that. Finding situations to really improve upon that is um going to be the student's uh battle.

Dr. Doug Adler:

Yeah. Well, no, I think I think the interview, you know, you have so little time in that interview. And you know, some interviewers are just looking for a reason to reject you, right? Because everyone has good grades, everyone was the smartest kid in third grade, you know, like they're looking for a reason, like, do they stand out in a positive or a negative way? And I've posted on X a couple of times about you know, you have to take the whole thing seriously. As my wife always says everything is part of the interview. Um, you know, dress conservatively. Like now is not a time to show your style or flair. Like weird clothing choices will be remembered negatively, you know, like like dress conservatively. And you don't know, you know, you don't know who your interviewer is. You don't know what what their political alignment is. And you know, I I've had people start making very, great political statements with me in interviews, and I'm like, why would you do that at all? Like, you know, like no matter what I think or who I am, why would you do that? So like I don't know, like you've got to play it very, very straight in the interview. But we we've like we used to sometimes like marvel what people would wear to their medical school interviews, and we would be like, Wow, wow. Like, okay, you know, you do you, oh right, I mean you do you, but but that's not what medical school is about. Like, I mean, because really to bring it back home, medical school is not about you, right? It's about you saying, All these other people are more important than me, right? But like, but if you come in dress, you know, dressed like a peacock, like you didn't get that message, right? You didn't you didn't pick that up.

Ashley Love:

Oh, it's just we're laughing because it's it's inconceivable, but it happens, you know. I mean, it it it really and and not just, I mean, what they wear is an easy example. A lot of times it's what they say or what they do um while they're sitting there, while they're sitting there chatting. You're right, we did take a very serious term. It's absolutely something that needed to be said, and I'm really glad we talked about it, but what let's end on a really light note, and that is um that's something that you you hinted at earlier when you were talking about your original major in college. And um, and it has turned in this incredible hobby that you have. Tell us a little bit about it, and then if you would please explain why it is so important to do things outside of medicine.

Dr. Doug Adler:

So um I am one of those people who wanted to be an astronaut. Um, to the point where, you know, there was a time where I lived and worked at the Johnson Space Center and did research down there. Um, unfortunately, when I was uh thinking seriously about applying for astronaut candidacy, I mean everybody who knows me knows this. Um the Columbia disaster occurred and then astronaut selection ended. Uh so that there was like a the kind of the period where I was like the perfect age and demographics, they closed it and it didn't open for years. Uh, but I've always been interested in aviation astronomy and aerospace. I learned to fly single-engine aircraft a couple of years ago. Um, and I became uh an aerospace writer. Um, you know, I do a lot of medical writing, but I found that it was very, very enjoyable to have outlets that were non-medical. I think now I've written about 90 magazine and web articles on aviation, aerospace, and astronomy, and it's given me the opportunity to travel around and meet some amazing people and interview some people that I had read about my whole life. Cool. Um, and then actually get them to sit down for an hour long interview. Um, so that has been really, really rewarding. So maybe, maybe I'll maybe I'll get to fly on a Blue Origin rocket or a SpaceX rocket someday. I don't know. A little expensive right now, but uh but you know, I just a couple of years ago, I guess about a decade or so ago, I just started writing. And then I would just cold email editors in chief at aviation and aerospace magazines, and I would say, Hey, can I write articles for you? And you know, sometimes you never got a response, and sometimes they told you to pound sand, and that was okay. But sometimes they would say yes, and then they, you know, you would get something in on time and submit something of good quality, and that opened the door for the next article and the next article and the next article. So uh, in addition to you know, all the medical stuff, I'm always working on a couple of non-medical articles, and it's you know, it's nice, like you know, they come out in the Barnes and Noble, like medical articles don't come out in the Barnes and Noble, like write an article about going to the moon or going to the Mars or interstellar travel. You go to the Barnes and Noble, and there's your magazine with your article in it, so it's kind of exciting.

Ashley Love:

That is very cool. It's it's incredible to have those those hobbies just to just to tickle another side of your brain, a similar side. I mean, you're still writing, but something that is that you're very equally passionate about. And Dr. Adler, it has been such a pleasure getting to talk to you.

Dr. Doug Adler:

Thank you for having me.

Ashley Love:

It's been great. Definitely check out his podcast, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, that's G-I-E, and follow him on X, previously Twitter, at Douglas AdlerMD. It's been so fun.

Dr. Doug Adler:

Thank you so much. I really appreciate it.

Ashley Love:

Thank you so very much for listening to this episode of Shadow Me Next. If you liked this episode, or if you think it could be useful for a friend, please subscribe and invite them to join us next Monday. As always, if you have any questions, let me know on Facebook or Instagram. Access you want, stories you need, you're always invited to Shadow Me Next.