Packaging Etcetera Podcast

From Garage To Global Wipes

Matthew Mulvey

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0:00 | 34:20
SPEAKER_00

Let's dive right in. Today we'll be chatting with Jessica Lum, president of Diamond Wipes International, headquartered in Gino, California. Diamond Wipes is at the forefront of wet wipes manufacturing and packaging, and I personally cannot wait to learn more about the wet wipes packaging industry. With that, allow me to introduce Jessica Lum. Jessica, welcome.

SPEAKER_02

Thank you, Matt. Glad to be on.

SPEAKER_00

So as I always start, if you wouldn't mind, please just take a minute and introduce yourself and give everyone a little bit of an opportunity to understand who you are and where you come from and your experiences in the industry, et cetera, et cetera.

SPEAKER_02

Okay, great. Well, um, I'm Jessica Lom. I got my bachelor's from the California Institute of Technology, bachelor's, and then later on pursued my MBA from Duke University. Uh, I've been in the manufacturing uh industry for over 30 years now. Just really love uh being able to help produce something that you can touch and feel. Started off with Dexter Electronics as a chemist and quality, and then moved on to Intel, uh making their Pentium chips. Then later on moving to uh Hanko Electronics, doing semiconductor, then with uh top line Texan and cosmetic packaging, and finally uh landing where I am right now with diamond wipes for wet wipes manufacturing. So it's it's always been in manufacturing, just different products, Matt.

SPEAKER_00

Okay. And the the top-line Texan that was uh a joint venture with Charles Chang, correct?

SPEAKER_02

Yes, yes, with Charles Chang, yes. And that was very interesting, making all sorts of commiss cosmetic packaging for a variety of very well-known brands.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah. Yeah, Charles, I I've known Charles for for many years. He's always been a huge supporter of the Rutgers packaging program. So always great to run into him. So I was poking around on the Diamond Wipes website, but I would like you to, I guess, explain a little further about the origin story. I understand it has something to do with microwaveable wet wipes.

SPEAKER_02

Yes, you've done your homework, Matt.

Diamond Wipes Origin Story

SPEAKER_00

A little bit, a little bit.

SPEAKER_02

So uh Diamond Wipes was uh started and founded by Yi Yen, an immigrant from Taiwan. She started with uh one wet wipes machine in a garage out of her house. And her concept was usually when you go eat at an Asian restaurant and they're serving seafood, lobster, and crab, your hands get dirty. And the restaurants were would give you a little uh white roll-up hot towel for you to wipe your hands. And she thought it was the difficult to clean, it's a lot of laundering, so forth. So she came up with the disposable wet wipe version of it uh to sell. And she really just started, you know, ground up, walking from restaurant to restaurant, offering her product. And she she actually has a funny story to that she shared with me, which I'd be happy to share with your listeners. So in the restaurant, the original wet towel is rolled up. So she based her wet wipes like that. It was a rolled up wet wipe. Okay. And at her first trade show, she was trying to hand out samples. And people were passing by saying, No thanks, no thanks. Like they didn't want any samples. And Eve is like, What's going on? Like, how come people don't want my samples? Finally, somebody finally told her, you know, Eve, we thought you were handing out tampons.

SPEAKER_01

Okay.

SPEAKER_02

So she can understand the hesitation. From a rolled up wet wipe to a flat version where you unfold it.

SPEAKER_01

Gotcha.

SPEAKER_02

So that that's how now uh her first product, what we call the Oshibori. So when you get a hand wipe now in the restaurants, it's flat. It's like a rectangular, flat, it's not rolled up and looks like a tampon.

SPEAKER_00

Gotcha. Gotcha. I wonder, I know I've I've gotten some of those heated wipes um on airplanes. And I wonder did did the usage of that product come from Eve's invention for restaurants? Like you don't do we know which one came first?

SPEAKER_02

Uh yeah, so so the restaurant wipe came first.

SPEAKER_00

Okay.

SPEAKER_02

Uh, and then her second product that came out, which became widely adopted, is the makeup remover wipes that you see at hotels.

SPEAKER_01

Okay.

SPEAKER_02

Because as you know, when you're staying at a hotel, they offer fresh white towels, but women, the red lipstick, the black mascara, it can really mess up with white towels. So she started making and offering the uh disposable makeup remover wipes, which became very popular. Okay. Uh, and then soon after that were uh Shushan wipes, and then eventually wipes for airlines and all the other industries you see now.

From Restaurants To Hotels To Airlines

SPEAKER_00

Okay. And are all of these different products you just mentioned, are all of those part of the diamond wipes offering?

SPEAKER_02

Yes. So we're proud to say that we actually manufacture over 3,000 different types of wet wipe skews.

SPEAKER_01

Wow.

SPEAKER_02

Both here at our headquarters plant in Chino, California, and then also at our sister plant uh in Wisconsin.

SPEAKER_00

Okay. So, and again, I've this is a technology I've never really worked with before, or an industry I've never really worked with before. So forgive me if I'm asking any rudimentary questions, but what kind of regulations do these products face? Uh I would assume these are handled similar to like a topical skin cream or hand lotion. Would that be accurate?

SPEAKER_02

Uh, so you you are correct. And and again, uh, I'm happy to answer any questions. So usually our wet wipes will fall under two categories. One, which we classify as cosmetic, and the other one we classify as OTC or over-the-counter. So OTC is more regulated, uh, and we are a facility approved and audited by the FDA. So cosmetic usually would be your uh like your baby wipes, your makeup remover wipes, body wipes, things of that nature, also shoe shine wipes or so forth. Uh the OTC or or more regulated wipes are those wipes that the customer is making a claim. So the wipes that will fall into that category would be, for example, uh like acne wipes, where they're saying it's used to treat acne or henroid wipes, right? Where it's used to treat Henroid. So those with active medicinal uh ingredients or or even hand wipes where they're claiming it kills 99.9% of the germs on your hands, uh, those are much more regulated than what we classify under the OTC.

SPEAKER_00

Okay. And does that mean that there are also prescription wipes or just cosmetic and OTC?

SPEAKER_02

Uh just cosmetic and OTC. Yeah, we we currently, I don't believe there's any wipes on the market where you need a prescription for.

SPEAKER_00

Okay. So no prescription strength wipes. Got it. So if you wouldn't mind, just kind of walk me through some of the different packaging platforms Diamond Wipes leverages for for wipes packaging.

Cosmetic Vs OTC Regulations

SPEAKER_02

Uh sure. We we make wipes in a variety of different formats. Uh, the first and most uh basic one would be a single individually wrapped wipe. And those are the ones you commonly see, as I mentioned, they hand out at the restaurants, at the airlines, uh, at the hotels. It's a is for single use. Uh next, we have what we call a pouch or flat pack format where it's a multi-count wipes uh ranging anywhere from 10 wipes up to as high as 80 wipes. Uh and those would be, for example, your makeup remover wipes usually comes in accounts of 30, one for each day of use. Your baby wipes, you know, which you you use multiples of during a diaper change, might come in more counts of 50 to 60, or for example, your body wipes. So those are what we call the multi-count, where you have multiple wipes uh in a package. Uh, there's also the canister format. Those you commonly see in, for example, auto wipes or the kitchen cleaning wipes or the disinfectant wipes. It's in a canister format, and the wipes are rolled up and inserted in a canister and you pull from the top.

SPEAKER_01

Yep.

SPEAKER_02

And then we also have uh something a little newer, uh, what which we call in a jar. So it's a it's a round wipe uh in a jar format. And usually your like acne wipes or sometimes even the pet wipes for cleaning the ears or the teeth come in what we call the jar format.

SPEAKER_00

Okay. I I was intimately familiar with the jar format in my teen years because I used the uh I don't remember what brand, but I used Stridex.

SPEAKER_01

That was it. Yep. I did too.

SPEAKER_00

I used quite a few acne pads back in my day. Well, your skin looks great now. Thank you. I appreciate that. Well, that's why I have the beard. I have the beard to cover all the marks. So it's interesting thinking about some of the brands that I've used. Because originally coming into this conversation, my head was wrapped more around cosmetic wipes. And I completely forgot that there's the Clorox wipes and the armoralls and the all the different non-cosmetic, if you will, uh, but still, you know, functional consumer product. And I've used the armor wipes in my car, I've used the Clorox wipes around the house extensively during COVID, obviously, you know, uh compulsively wiping everything down. But I recall constantly struggling to keep the feed of those wipes in that center dispensing hole, and I was constantly having to lift the lid open to re-feed the wipes through the cap. And I wonder if maybe that was just a lack of education on my part on how that's supposed to function, or if there's a way we can optimize that dispensing function. Or I don't know. Any any thoughts on that?

Packaging Formats And Use Cases

SPEAKER_02

Yes, yes. It is actually a technical thing, even though it's just on a dispenser. The for the the first one is the perforation of the wipe. It has to be perforated not too much, but not too little. So just the right amount that you're able to lift it up through the opening and be able to tear it easily. We've had challenges in the past before where uh if it's not perforated enough, you can't tear it apart. Or if it's perforated too much, it comes apart as you're lifting it up, as you mentioned, and then you have to reopen the top to reinsert the uh treading. Uh the second part is the opening itself. So it can't be too small or too big. If it's too small, then you're really, you know, finding it challenging to pull and you might tear at it. If it's too big, it's not gonna make that tear properly. So the opening itself is also designed so that it all works well uh as a unit. And um I'm happy to say at least our products, we've that's not one of common complaints for our canister products. Yeah.

SPEAKER_00

Well, I'm gonna go with my struggles are because the perfs were too aggressive and not a lack of understanding on my part, because then I would have to admit, as a packaging professional, I didn't understand how the packaging was supposed to work. And I'm not quite ready to admit that yet. So I'm gonna go with consumer complaint.

SPEAKER_02

But you are right when you mentioned um COVID, it was definitely a very challenging, but also, you know, busy time for us. So yeah, we unlike most of the companies that were shut down or people were uh, you know, work from home or shelter at home, all the employees here came, still came to work every day. Uh, we were considered a critical essential manufacturer. We at that time felt it was our duty to prioritize wipes for the hospitals and medical centers first. Uh and it was very also very interesting because you mentioned cosmetics. So cosmetic wipes went drop, dropped by 90%. Because if you think about it, women were staying at home. They were on calls, maybe not with their video on, they weren't wearing makeup or lipstick. So makeup remover wipes dropped dramatically, but the sanitizing and disinfecting obviously rose tremendously. Uh, and the the raw materials are completely different, right? The ingredients, formulation, type of usage that you would we would make a cosmetic wipe is completely different from one that is a harsher formula for sanitizing and disinfecting. So that that was also uh interesting to manage as well.

SPEAKER_00

Okay. From a materials of construction perspective, is it would it also be true to say that the the material of the wipe itself varies significantly? Or is it kind of a three or four different types of wipes out there, and it's just a matter of the ingredients in the slurry or the active, whatever you want to call it, the chemicals that you add to the pads are what create those 3,000 different skews? Or is there just a wide variety of materials as well?

Dispensing Design And Perforation Science

SPEAKER_02

There is a wide variety of materials, uh ranging from the component. Um especially recently, there's a more interest towards something that's sustainable or biodegradable type of wipe versus one that is not. And also uh the thickness or the GSM of the wipe is also important based on the type of formulation and usage. So there's literally many options for the type of substrate you want to use. Uh, and here at Diamond Wipes, what we really try to do is help a customer do the overall, what we call the spec. So, what do they want to go into the formulation? What kind of substrate do they want? What kind of packaging do they want? Uh, and help them take their idea from a concept all the way to a finished goods, uh commercialized product that they can sell to their customers.

SPEAKER_00

Okay. Now I understand that your research and development group has experienced significant growth recently. Anything in particular you you attribute that to? Is that a like an influx of new clients or new products or the aforementioned sustainability initiatives? You know, what's what's driving that growth?

SPEAKER_02

So that was a conscious decision on our company strategy because when I first joined Diamond Wives, I heard a lot of, oh, we're competing against the China manufacturers and you know, cost of doing business and labor rates are much more expensive in the US, especially in California, and how we're gonna, you know, compete with that. And as I got to know the business more, I said, you know, hold on. Our strategy shouldn't be to nickel and dime and produce something maybe at a penny cheaper here and there or compared to China. Our strength really is in being a world-class US-based manufacturer that will produce high-quality products with great customer service. And part of that service also includes helping our customers uh co-formulate. So some of our customers will come with their own proprietary formulation, but a lot of our customers actually come and ask us for help or recommendations on creating a formula. Uh, so in order to support that need, I we've slowly doubled the size of our RD team to help assist with that. So the customers really appreciate this ability of Diamond Wipes to do that because a lot of other companies don't. A lot of companies are just like, tell me what you want to make and we'll make it. Not necessarily have that innovation and creation part for the formulation and the spec. Uh and it's uh been a great strength for us to be seen as a value-added manufacturing partner for our customers, old and new.

COVID Demand Shifts And Materials

SPEAKER_00

It's interesting that you use the word partner because you know I've I've dealt with companies that are in the contract space, and I actually work for a contract manufacturer currently. And I've seen both sides of the spectrum. I've seen the the companies that are there that just say, okay, send me your spec. Here's my price. Let me know if you want me to make it, versus the true partnership that says, come on in and let's partner together and let's optimize your package. Let's see what type of innovation we can deliver to differentiate your product from your contemporaries and really put you at the top of your specific market segment. And so, you know, it's it just I latch on to that when I hear people use the word partner and partnership, it's usually kind of a green flag, if you will, for me for the type of company that I that I prefer to do business with. So glad to hear that.

SPEAKER_02

Yeah, and especially being a contract manufacturing, we're we're manufacturing, people don't know we're diamond wipes, we're manufacturing under a brand's name. So, really, if we put out, for example, a poor quality product, that brand's reputation will get hurt. So it's very important for them uh that the quality is high, that their customers have a great user experience. And you know, these days with reviews and you know, uh TikTok and Instagram and all it's compliments or criticisms are so easily uh spread now these days. And you really don't want to have a negative image or bad quality associated with your brand. So that so we take that very seriously here.

SPEAKER_00

I remember hearing a phrase where they said it take it took 10 years to build a positive reputation and 10 seconds to tear it down. Uh very true. And uh unfortunately, negative press travels far and wide much faster than positive. So yeah, you have to be you have to be very careful there. So in talking about how social media can can literally make or break companies, have there been any scenarios? And again, may maybe there have, and you're not willing to talk about it, but just I figure I'll throw it out there anyway. Any major packaging faux pas that have come to mind, like any any projects you've worked on that you you thought were gonna be, you know, the beesne's and just became a total flop?

Substrates, Sustainability, And Specs

SPEAKER_02

Any anything that so in our line of business, we really uh either celebrate successes with our customers, or you know, sometimes a customer launch may not go as well as they hoped, and uh we we don't get reorders for for them. So there's Success is our success, and they're not so success. I don't want to call it failure. It is also impacts us. We do what we can in terms of making quality product, making sure it's on time, delivering that service to them, helping them with their launch, but ultimately it's our customers are the ones that will do the marketing, do the promotion, decide what are their channels of selling, whether it's online presence or in this physically in the stores. So I I would say we're we're very uh it's a codependency, right? So they rely on us to deliver high quality products sometime, and then we deliver it. We hope that they will market and and be successful and sell so we can get reorders.

SPEAKER_00

Okay. Makes sense. I would also like to ask you about a defining moment in your career. What's what's a scenario where where you were able to take an impossible task and make it possible?

R&D Strategy And Partnership Model

SPEAKER_02

Uh yes, an example that do come in mind. It was probably a few years ago, three, three years ago, uh, we had a very large pharmaceutical company come to us because they were having quality issues with their other manufacturer that they've worked with for many years. And you know, to be transparent, Diamond Wipes isn't as large as the other manufacturer. So when this company came to us, uh they had very high requirements, very high volume, needed a lot of support. And after the first meeting, we regrouped internally. And a lot of my management team said, you know, Jessica, they're they're too big for us. Like they want so much volume and such high standards. And uh we've never worked with a company, you know, of this caliber uh before. And I had a heart-to-heart talk with the team. I said, unless we like stretch ourselves, we're never going to grow. We're never going to move to that next level. We just keep on taking customers that we're comfortable with and stay with the status quo. We're we're never going to improve ourselves as a company and also for our capabilities. So I actually volunteered to be the project leader for for this and said, look, if we succeed, we celebrate as a team. If we fail, I'll take the blame, right? Um, so that relieves the pressure off of them. And I have to say, it was probably one of our best success stories where we onboarded them on time, you know, we staffed according to their needs, we we met all their criteria. And to the point where after the launch was successful, they even uh threw us through our team a pizza party. And we never had a customer do that. So uh and and our team was very proud. The manager's like, oh yeah, we did it. And and they grew to be our our largest customer. And it was just uh everybody's hard work and and believe that we we could do it. So versus shying away from the unknown and playing it safe and you know, telling, telling them go find another manufacturer.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah, uh it's a great story. It's a great example of of being presented with a a challenge, that that you know, quote unquote impossible task, and saying, you know what, no, this is this is possible, and and and I see a way through this, I see a way to deliver. And not only delivering on that project, but like you said, you were able to bring in your number your your largest client, and and you know, that's a huge success story, so that's great.

SPEAKER_02

Thank you.

SPEAKER_00

So if you weren't at Diamond Wipes, what what would you want to do? What what was your dream job when you were a kid?

SPEAKER_02

Well, you know, as a kid, uh I loved animals. Uh I'm that one that would go catch like little minnows in the pond or try to adopt a stray dog or stray cats, and just always always loved animals. And you know, part of going to Caltech originally studied biology and uh with the goal to become a vet. And then, you know, life happened. My my dad got sick, so so I decided to not pursue vet school. I moved back home to take care of him and just start working, making a money to support my parents. But I'm one for everything happens for a reason. I'm very happy with where I am now, um, being here at Diamond Wipes, but to have personal satisfaction with my animal loving part. Uh, I'm actually the Girl Scout troop leader for my daughter's Girl Scout troop.

SPEAKER_01

Okay.

SPEAKER_02

And for their silver award project, they decided with my support to uh help a nonprofit dog rescue. And the dog rescue, this time the timing was around post-COVID. So they had an influx of these pandemic pets.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah, the COVID dogs, yeah.

SPEAKER_02

Yeah, where people who were working at home adopted dogs, and then when they had to go back to work, they just sent them to the shelter, which I don't know how you can do that because a lot of people see their pets as their kids. Yeah, you know, and and and if you're bonding over that one to two years during COVID, how can you just like give your dog a walk away?

SPEAKER_00

I can't imagine.

Reputation, Quality, And Social Media

SPEAKER_02

Yeah, but while it was very sad to see all these homeless dogs, but it was always also very rewarding because there were a lot of kind-hearted volunteers that would uh spend their time. We did adoption events. Um, my Girl Scout troupe, we did bake sales to raise money to help buy dog food and dog supplies. Um, and you know, people that care, we pitched in and it was always we always celebrated when a dog got adopted and found a loving home to go to. So adopting a sheltered dog is also on my list when I do retire and have more time. Yeah.

SPEAKER_00

So this is a common theme that has come up in in previous episodes with other guests that I've interviewed, and I've said this on other episodes as well. My wife and I, one of our options, if you will, for retirement, you know, post-retirement, would be to sell the house that we live in now in New Jersey. Maybe still buy in New Jersey, not sure about that, but we would uh we would go with half the house and maybe ten times the the land and open up a dog rescue. Oh, okay. We absolutely love dogs. We have two of our own. Uh they we treat them better than our kids, I'll be I'll be totally honest with you. And uh I just if if we could have all the dogs, we absolutely would. Uh a friend of mine I interviewed in season one. Uh, she lives in the southeast, and and she talked about doing the same thing. And so we were agreeing that we would we would divide up the country. She'd have the the south, I'd have the northeast. You you'll you'll have the west coast covered. Uh no no homeless dogs, that's the goal. So no, it's uh it's it's nice to hear that that a lot of people share that same sentiment.

SPEAKER_02

Yeah. And and by the way, we do also make pet wipes, including dog wipes. So I'll I'll give you some of the next time I see you.

SPEAKER_00

That's interesting. Okay.

SPEAKER_02

Yes, yes. It's actually pet wipes to you know, wipe the paws after you take them for a walk before you bring them inside or for the teeth, the teeth, or the ears. Yeah. That's we make wipes. Yeah.

SPEAKER_00

That's I'm sure my wife knows about all this stuff. And for all I know, we have that stuff in the house already. Um and I just I I know nothing about it. My she she handles all that side of it. So you mentioned uh Silver Award for Girl Scouts. So I you know, I went through Boy Scouts and so I'm intimately familiar with that organization and and and you know how you rank up. And I I got my Eagle Scout. I'm not as familiar with with the Girl Scout side. So can you explain to me where Silver Award falls in the in the rank of things in the progression of Girl Scouts?

SPEAKER_02

Sure, sure. It actually falls in the middle. So usually when when they're in like the junior high stage, they they will work on what we call the bronze award.

SPEAKER_01

Okay.

SPEAKER_02

And then early high school, they move up to the silver award. And then ultimately in their junior and senior year of high school, uh, they should be working on the gold award.

SPEAKER_01

Okay.

SPEAKER_02

So the and the gold award is the top of the scale. Uh so the girls are now that they've finished uh their silver award, they're brainstorming for the gold award.

SPEAKER_00

Okay. That makes sense.

SPEAKER_02

Yeah.

SPEAKER_00

No, thank you for explaining. I would have had to Google it after we were done with this episode because I'm just not not that familiar. I know brownies and I know buying cookies.

SPEAKER_02

Yes, everybody associates girl sales with cookies, but they are more than that. They do try to do good in the world and and help nonprofits.

A High-Stakes Client Win

SPEAKER_00

Okay. No, no, I 100%. I'm I'm aware that I just, you know, I I I don't know. I'm like your your typical person. I hear Girl Scouts, I think, cookies. It's not a bad connotation. I don't think it's a bad connotation.

SPEAKER_02

Yeah, I do too.

SPEAKER_00

Actually.

SPEAKER_02

Everybody loves the Girl Scout cookies.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah. What's your favorite?

SPEAKER_02

Uh probably the Samoas or Carmel Delights, because it has the coconut and the caramel and the chocolate. Yeah. I know thin mints are always by far the most popular.

SPEAKER_00

They are definitely the most popular, and I always I'll always get a box or two and they go right in the freezer.

SPEAKER_02

What's your favorite?

SPEAKER_00

My favorite are lemonades. I like the lemon cookies. But I'll use the the thin mints. I'll uh little little cheat code. I'll take a small teaspoon of ice cream out of a half gallon of ice cream, and I'll smear it on a frozen thin mint, and then I'll take the other thin mint and I'll make a mini chipwitch out of it. And then it's a little mini ice cream sandwich. And it's like it's it's just enough to satisfy the sweet tooth without having a whole serving of ice cream. It's just enough.

SPEAKER_02

That that's actually a pretty good idea. I'll have to try that next time. Yeah, it's like a it's like a bite-sized uh ice cream sandwich.

SPEAKER_00

I need I need to to patent it and market it. So it's my idea. I said it first.

SPEAKER_02

Yeah, you're on air.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah. So we're getting up close to the end of it, but uh before we sign off, was there anything else that you would like to share with our listeners?

SPEAKER_02

No, it's been great talking to you, uh, Matt, about the wet wipes industry, um, about diamond wipes, our our capabilities, our commitment to quality and servicing our customers. I do want to share that. I think one thing that also makes diamond wipes stand out is uh during COVID, we started what we call a happiness committee because a lot of people were coming to work. They were stressed out, they were worrying about catching COVID before the you know the vaccines came out. And so now we have uh about a dozen group of uh volunteer employees that make up the happiness committee. And they will, you know, put together like the Halloween costume contest, right, in October, or certain employee dress-up days, like May 4th, right? Wear your favorite Star Wars costume.

SPEAKER_01

Yep.

Personal Passions And Pet Rescue

SPEAKER_02

But but also they they do good. So we did, for example, uh last month, uh two toy drives, one for the disabled American veterans and one for the children's hospital, for the children and recovering their burn unit, uh, as well as uh food drives. So for us, it's it's just not all about work and making wipes. It's also what can we do for others in need, because there is so much need out there. Uh, we also get a lot of requests for wipes donation. So we donate a lot of wipes, uh, whether it's to you know homeless shelters or to schools, churches. We we do a lot of that too. So that is something I'm I'm very proud that Diamond Wipes do for the greater good.

SPEAKER_00

No, that's that's great. Thank you for sharing that. So before we cut to the end, just want to say thank you very much. I appreciate your time today. Wish you the best of luck with Diamond Wipes. I hope next time we talk, you've you've doubled your RD group again and talking about uh you know the newest challenges and the impossible tasks that you've made possible. But with that, we are gonna sign off. Thank you everyone for listening in. If you wouldn't mind, please hit that like and subscribe button. Send me a note, feel free to reach out if you have any suggestions on future topics or future guests. I'd love to hear from you. Thank you so much, everyone. Jessica, again, thank you, and take care.

SPEAKER_02

Thanks, Matt. Great talking to you.