Sperm DNA Fragmentation and Male Infertility

Sperm DNA fragmentation refers to the presence of breaks or damage in the DNA strands within sperm cells, which can significantly impact male fertility. High levels of DNA fragmentation are associated with reduced sperm quality, impaired embryo development, and increased risk of miscarriage. Factors such as oxidative stress, advanced paternal age, smoking, environmental toxins, and infections can contribute to this damage. While standard semen analysis may not detect DNA fragmentation, specialized tests like the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) or TUNEL assay can assess its extent. Men with elevated sperm DNA fragmentation may face challenges in achieving natural pregnancy or success with assisted reproductive technologies, highlighting the importance of addressing underlying causes and considering lifestyle interventions or medical treatments to improve fertility outcomes.