Inside a Legal Cannabis Farm: Careers, Costs & Income

Cannabis Farm 

What’s it really like to work on a cannabis farm — and how much can you make? This episode takes you inside a legal cannabis grow operation to break down jobs, pay, career paths, and the realities of working in the cannabis industry.

This week I’m talking with Beck Mooney, Director of Operations at Supernaturals NY, who takes us behind the scenes of running a legal cannabis farm in New York. She shares in-depth job tips and career insights for anyone interested in this growing field.

If you’re curious about how the cannabis world actually works (beyond the buzzwords), this episode is a must-listen.

Supernaturals NY website - https://www.supernaturalsny.com/

How Much Can I Make? Is nominated for 2026 Women in Podcasting Award!

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Visit howmuchcanimake.info

Music credit: Kate Pierson & Monica Nation

Transcript

Opening And Misconceptions

SPEAKER_01 0:03

I would just say the biggest misconception is that we're not as hardworking as we are. We're building a plane while we're flying it, but like we're also in a sky that's being built while we're flying through it.

Path From Teaching To Cannabis

SPEAKER_00 0:15

Hi everyone, this is Mirafa Zeri with How Much Can I Make? Today we're stepping inside a booming and yet often misunderstood industry, the cannabis farming. Our guest, Beck Mooney, is the director of operation at Supernaturals New York. She's here to tell us what it's really like to run a cultivation farm and grow legal cannabis in New York State. Beck, first of all, thanks for being here.

SPEAKER_01 0:41

Thank you for having me.

SPEAKER_00 0:42

Yes, of course. Let's dive right in and tell us how did you get into the cannabis industry?

First Jobs And Hand Trimming Economics

SPEAKER_01 0:48

It kind of came out of nowhere in some ways, but in other ways, it was, you know, it just made sense. Well, we legalized in the state during the pandemic. And then by the time that was kind of winding down, the industry itself was actually starting to get rolling in terms of dispensaries opening and those kinds of things. I was a middle school English teacher. I had been a caregiver for my partner who had very prolonged illness with a brain injury. And during that time, I had taken what was like a lifetime familiarity with and enjoyment of cannabis to like kind of a whole new level with my understanding of the many different medicinal facets of the plant and the different ways to dose it and the different ways to kind of like treat all different types of symptoms. I also myself got a medicinal cannabis license in like 2017 when they made PTSD a condition because I also use cannabis for treatment of PTSD. So it was kind of both things, but the I learned just so much more because of the illness my partner had come through. And then I wrote a bunch of books. I was a middle school teacher, and so I wrote a bunch of contemporary young adult novels. I got a book deal with McMillan. I was wrapping up my debut, and my spouse was actually doing a lot better. And I was like, okay, I'm ready to go back into something. I knew I didn't want to go into teaching. I kind of was flirting with the idea of going into publishing, but you know, publishing is is somewhat of a dying industry, and I found a growing industry instead. Like literally. It became everything that I needed it to be. So I started actually, I got my first job that I took was with this post-harvest company. I was like a manual laborer and kind of like the like almost like chief of staff until they hired like a real chief of staff. And then I just networked out of that job. And the company I had gotten a job with, they were a startup, they still are, but they're a startup that basically tries to handle post-harvest for farms. And what I learned from that position was that I really liked the when I got on a cannabis farm, I was like, I like it here. You know, when we went to our first client engagement, I was like, I could actually, you know, see myself working in a cannabis farm. I very quickly reached out to the guy who was in charge of that farm and was like, Hey, are you hiring? And this is so cannabis industry. First, he was like, maybe actually, yeah, you'd be great. And then he and then he was like, actually, I found out I can't hire people. But he had actually connected me with my boss. And basically it was the emerging time when dispensaries were not yet opened in the Hudson Valley because there was this lawsuit, this like injunction that was holding them up. And all of a sudden, all of these farmers and people who had these crops who had had no dispensaries to get their crop into, now not only did they have some like dispensaries opening up, but they had these marketplaces. And for the marketplaces, you actually had to staff it. So like they all of a sudden needed people to be able to go represent their brand. None of them, of course, knew, you know, like how to nobody, they were farmers. They don't know how to set up, you know, marketplace brand reps. Basically, I was hired at first as a hand trimmer. I would go and I would like hand trim flour during the day. Um, I brought like a little crew with me, and we were just like hand trim as much as we could. I was paid by the pound to start out. Wow.

SPEAKER_00 4:11

How much did they pay by the pound?

SPEAKER_01 4:13

150. 150 a pound. But it takes a long time. Trimming is a funny thing. Hand trimming is a funny thing because it depends on the material. Well, there was one day where the material I was dealing was was so fluffy and so light that I made$90 for an eight-hour shift. Oh, no, it was it, yeah, it was miserable. It was miserable. Like I was like, I can't do this. But then there would be another day where it was a really dense, like heavy bud with like not a lot of leaf. And I cleared like I there were some days I did like two pounds.

SPEAKER_00 4:41

Wow.

SPEAKER_01 4:42

So, like, yeah, so it's so drastically different when you're hand trimming. But I basically wound up going from hand trimmer and CGS brand rep. All of a sudden, someone was like leaving, and he was the person who made the joints, and none of the other guys on the team because it was all guys.

SPEAKER_00 4:56

Oh, it's not automated? You you do it by hand?

SPEAKER_01 4:58

So we have a machine, but the machine takes an operator. It's called like a Futurola knockbox, it's one of the industry standards, and essentially, I don't know if you've noticed, but like, you know how all joints nowadays are like these cones, and essentially there are machines that there's like a loading tray, and you load ours takes a hundred and you load a hundred cones into it, and then you basically put a tray that's been loaded with ground cannabis flour in top of it, and then the machine, like it's kind of you kind of feel like a magician, you know. When like the magician pulls the uh the tablecloth and everything falls, there's multiple things. You pull the thing and everything falls in for the papers, and you pull the thing and everything falls in through the weed. It like looks like they're dancing, like it goes for like uh a minute and a half to three minutes, depending on what you set it at, and the cannabis falls down into them, and then they just like dance like this.

Scale, Footprint, And Distribution

SPEAKER_00 5:49

That is funny. How big is your farm?

Micro License And Rotating Canopy

SPEAKER_01 5:51

So we are a small company. There are only 10 people who work for our company, including the two owners who are both on maternity and paternity leave right now. We handle all of our operation, our cultivation, our processing, our distribution, all of our sales. We are all over the state when it comes to being in dispensaries. We are in about 85 dispensaries from like Buffalo to the Saranac Lake, like region, and then down to Long Island and Staten Island. We grow in two different locations, but they're only a half hour apart from each other.

SPEAKER_00 6:20

And how many growing acres do you have in each location?

SPEAKER_01 6:23

So we actually can only grow a quarter acre on our canopy. Yeah, we are a micro business license, but we basically we do and we we're fully sun-grown. So we do rotating canopy. So we will do like three flips of a quarter acre. So it does wind up being about three quarters of an acre. We used to have our old license, one of the first licenses that came on the market was the adult use conditional cultivator license. That's what we had originally, and that was a that was one acre, but we actually grow the same amount on a quarter acre now that we know how to rotate our canopy that we used to on a one-acre canopy. And we're allowed to buy in 500 pounds also as a micro license. We can also buy in 500 pounds so we can find other people who have a similar operation, you know, who have want to get rid of like bulk material. Since we have a brand that's out and we can like do something with that bulk material, we are allowed to buy it in.

SPEAKER_00 7:18

How many different kinds of plants do you grow?

SPEAKER_01 7:21

It depends. We used to actually grow more varieties. Now that we have a feel for the marketplace, what consumers want, and kind of like the flow, we've actually started to grow fewer varieties. But I think this year, probably I would say between 20 to 30, maybe.

SPEAKER_00 7:38

Uh, how long do you have to hang it to dry before you can start packaging it?

SPEAKER_01 7:42

We try to do it for, I feel like it's like three weeks, is like maybe two weeks, but like uh like we we have to sometimes slip it over, but we actually have come up with a process where we don't stop the the dry, like so. I don't know if you're familiar with the old paper bag method where people literally would just like cut the like dry dry the weed to a certain thing and then put it in a bag to basically cure it. What the paper bag does is that it can still breathe. So whenever we are like under like pressure, where it's like, oh, we have to harvest from this field, and this stuff like is not it's not where I want it to be. It's not it's not dry to the point where I want to put it in its final curing state. We do this paper bag intermittent thing, and then we let it stay in there for a while. It dries out its last bit, and then we can put it into its final package.

Grow Timelines And Autoflowers

SPEAKER_00 8:27

So, what is the process? How long does it take from sitting to harvest?

SPEAKER_01 8:31

I would say like 10 to 12 weeks total, maybe. So maybe some go like 14, but then we have quick, like autoflowers are the fastest. Autoflowers are seeds that were hybridized with like ruteralis from like Russia, other really short, fast flowering plant. Those will flower like super fast. Those are what we plant the earliest in the season. Those can be like eight weeks total.

Daily Production Workflow

SPEAKER_00 8:53

Walk me through what is a day-to-day operation for you in the in the farm like.

Seed-To-Sale And Compliance

SPEAKER_01 8:57

Right now, we have no plants in the ground because we are a sun-grown operation. During the year, we have uh my boss who's like the owner farmer, and then in the past two years, we have had one cultivation employee who has done the entire field. I'm more on like the structural end, but for the actual day-to-day like like operation on the farm, we have two people who work the pre-roll production. So there's the pre-roll production lead, and then he has an assistant, and they make uh anywhere between like 5,000 to 10,000 pre-rolls in a day. There are some days where instead of making pre-rolls, they are using the grinder, the miller. So they might be milling up the flour. Then there is a technician who works on bucking. So that means removing the flour from the stem, and he prepares it for our trimmer. So that's in one shipping container. There's bucking, trimming, pre-roll making, and grinding. In the other container, not container really, but like a trailer that's been built out into a production space. That's our packaging area. So in that space, there's there's usually two to three employees weighing out pre-rolls, like checking them for quality assurance, making sure that they look right, they'll fix the tip. Then they package it. So we actually we weigh them out, we put them into their packaging, and we hand sticker every single item that goes out the door. There's a production and inventory manager, and his responsibility is to set the pace for the day. Like basically, like, you know, what's the plan? What needs to be done today, which SKUs, like which, you know, items are you working on? He will also inventory all the stuff through the seed to sale tracking systems. And so seed to sale is like everything. I always explain this to people, like when they're like, Oh, why isn't it just like alcohol? And it's like, it would be like alcohol if to make beer you had to tag every single barley plant and then track it from its origin to its final product.

Seeds, Clones, And Pheno Hunts

SPEAKER_00 10:59

That is crazy. Now, I want to go back for a second to growing the plants. You must start with clones, no? Because if you'll get a male, it will kill your crop. Feminized seeds. So we do grow from some clones, yeah.

SPEAKER_01 11:12

But feminized seeds came out in like the early 2000s.

SPEAKER_00 11:15

Never heard of feminized seeds.

SPEAKER_01 11:17

Yeah, so you can you can grow just and know that like when I buy seeds, even in my homegrow, when I had started homegrow, I would always buy feminized seeds. We grow mostly from seed at this point. We do keep, but each year we'll do a pheno hunt. And a pheno hunt is essentially where you grow a ton of the same seed, like you grow a bunch of them, and then basically you look for characteristics that you really like. Clones are very stable. The reason why people work with clones is because they're very stable. You took them all from a plant, as opposed to these are all different seeds, and all the different seeds might have slightly different characteristics. There's one plant that we grow from seed called purple Mandy, and she grows as three distinct colors. There is a very deep purple, there is a very light soft green, and then there's a pink. And when you walk down the field, you will see whichever one that seed grew into is the phenotype. And then people will basically do pheno hunts and they'll try to select for characteristics, whether it's, oh, I really like the way she looks, I really like the way she smells, I really like the way she smokes, that's usually the one that's the most important. But then it could also be for our needs. Oh, that seemed really like it was mold resistant, that seemed really pest resistant. You know, that like there was something about the way that that structure really like was resilient against the nature.

SPEAKER_00 12:37

Right.

Naming Strains And Selection

SPEAKER_01 12:37

So we have tended toward trying to phenoh hunt for viability in our environment. And there are certain strains that we have pheno hunted. We have something called Galactica, we have something called Super Cake, and actually that super lemon piss, the cheetah piss street lemonade, that's also Who names them, by the way? So the breeder. Uh, those the well, actually, no wait. So Galactica, Galactica, my boss came up with that one. Um, super cake was actually that's also him. So uh the when you when you pheno hunt, you can basically make it your own name. It's like it's like now you now it's like yours, but before that, they all came with names. So the Galactica was originally it was a jet fuel gelato, that was a pheno of jet fuel gelato.

Soil Health And Organic Inputs

SPEAKER_00 13:16

What happens if we have a dry season? You have to water your plants, you have to fertilize, right? And how do you keep the the ground and the earth prolific?

Rugged Work And Culture Fit

SPEAKER_01 13:26

Excellent question. People who work in living soil, especially with cannabis, because cannabis pulls a lot, like it's a very hungry plant, it pulls a lot out of the soil. You need to test the soil to basically know what you need to amend with. And we will do that with compost. We actually get compost from Ulster County. We don't put in any synthetic amendments, you know, no synthetic fertilizers. We use worm castings, bone meal, fish emulsion. There's this time of the year when they're making like the starts and like like working with the holes where they're gonna put the stuff in, where my boss always comes in and he smells like like fish. Like, I can't tell if I want to cook, cook it into like a Thai meal or like throw up. Like it's it's very potent. Were you always interested in orchulture? I've always loved plants. Um super nature, you know, like I'm a super nature girl. Like one of the things about working for our operation in particular is like it's pretty rugged. I always tell people the first when they're coming to interview, I'm like, I know right now you got stars in your eyes. You're like, it looks like cannabis camp. Yay! The first few weeks you'll be like, ooh, I can't believe I'm here. And then eventually you'll be like, oh, this is hard, you know. Like I'm on a farm, like we all share one bathroom. It's a thing that I don't know if I if I wasn't from like a hippie, like camping, you know, like rugged family. I don't know if I if I would be able to hack it.

SPEAKER_00 14:45

And what would be an entry-level job in a farm like this?

SPEAKER_01 14:48

So for us, it would be a packager or like an assistant position or like an apprentice position. We mostly bring on people and start with weighing out joints and putting them in into their packages and stickering them. And how much can they make doing it? It's usually the starting wage is usually$18, but we try to go up pretty fast. Um, just because we don't have benefits. So, in terms of like I, you know, we need to be paying like a pretty competitive wage. A lot of the companies that are like a larger company, like a pharmacan or a cure relief, they're gonna be offering 16 to 18 to start with a full benefits package. So we have to, you know, we have to give as good a wage as we can. We would love to pay everyone, you know, so much more. Like we are that kind of company.

Profitability And Reinvestment

SPEAKER_00 15:33

A small farm, let's say like yours, how much can they actually make after all these expenses? And God forbid you have a hurricane in the middle and it kills your crop. And there's a lot of challenges in any farm.

Where The Money Is: Compliance

Price Compression And Craft Strategy

SPEAKER_01 15:44

Yeah, yeah, it's an excellent question. So, in terms of what would we do if we had a catastrophic loss, we are allowed to appeal to the Office of Cannabis Management and purchase in more than our 500 pounds if we were to have a catastrophic loss. To be honest, that's a question that's yet to be determined. Like how much can one of these companies make? If you look at the statistics for other states, you will find that most cannabis companies are not profitable. I did some more digging in relation to some of the stuff I'm trying to figure out for our operation, and I saw numbers like maybe 10 to 15% typical profit, depending on how many million dollars a year you're doing in revenue. We we get profits that we're able to re-in, like we're able to reinvest in the company and do things that we need to do, but we're not at the point where it's like, oh yay, look at all this extra money. You know, like but we are in a better boat than most people that I know in the industry. The question is at what point as a small business do you ever start making enough profit that it doesn't just go back into the small business? And I know that's not unique to cannabis, you know. I talk with a lot of yeah, I talk with a lot of small business operators, and you know, there's some things that are unique to cannabis, the hyper regulation, all that stuff, and then there's some stuff that's just like, well, it's a small business, you know, it's hard. And this is actually in terms of where there is like the subject of your podcast, where there's the most money to be made.

SPEAKER_00 17:06

Right.

SPEAKER_01 17:07

Someone told me early on that the most money to be made is in compliance. Like compliance has to do with like the ways in which you are responsible for all of the regulatory bodies, whether or not it like their guidance, whether or not it's the Office of Canada Management, OSHA, or you know, GMP, good manufacturing practices.

SPEAKER_00 17:26

I recently read that the prices of cannabis uh went down a lot. Do you feel it?

Security And OCM Rules

SPEAKER_01 17:31

Yes, so this is what we in the industry call the race to the bottom. The race to the bottom is the plummet in flour price that happens in every state. I do feel it. It's it's interesting because we are positioned as a small company with a lot of like added value characteristics. Like we're creating a lane right now. We call it craft cannabis. You know, like it's it exists in other states, but in New York, we're like actively like building it out. The only insulation you have against that race to the bottom is added value characteristics, things that people are willing to pay more for. I can't compete with people on a bottom line. I just had, I think I just lost a dispensary over the fact that I can't compete with one of the largest operations in the state on price point. A lot of it for us is about finding the right vending partners. We have our products priced where we can.

SPEAKER_00 18:20

How do you protect the the field so nobody will come and steal plants? It's an excellent question.

SPEAKER_01 18:25

There's regulations for that. So you have to have a fence, you have to have an enclosure, you have to have a property breach, like so, like you have to be able to know like if you have to have cameras, you have to have lights on certain things. There are a lot of things that I'm surprised the industry has been lucky about to this point because you know, if you have any familiarity with what it's like in California, you know, I know people whose whose job was to be security, and I'm talking real security, you know, like I'm not talking like, oh, I sit there, you know, with a little shirt that says security. For me, that's a big concern with Sungrown. You know, it depends on where you live and how remote your your property is, but even that, most of these addresses are public knowledge in somewhere, you know, like in some database with the OCM. And it is a concern, but every in terms of with the OCMs, anywhere where there is cannabis, there's supposed to be security.

Hard Work And Moving Regulations

SPEAKER_00 19:15

What is an OCM?

SPEAKER_01 19:16

The OCM is the office of cannabis management, they're the governing body that oversees all of our all of our regulations.

SPEAKER_00 19:23

What is the biggest misconception about uh working in the cannabis industry in the farm?

SPEAKER_01 19:28

I would just say the biggest misconception is that we're not as hardworking as we are.

SPEAKER_00 19:33

Right.

Impact, Joy, And Favorite Season

SPEAKER_01 19:33

It's just really hard. You know, I always tell people it's like we're building a plane while we're flying it, but like we're also in a sky that's being built while we're flying through it because the OCM regulations change constantly. And we, you know, like for instance, we didn't know we're gonna be paying five dollars and ten cents for every case in tags. That's a massive, massive difference. And we have to just roll with it. I really think people think we're high and we are, but the The the being high actually enables us to be this resilient and flexible. We'll work like insane hours.

SPEAKER_00 20:05

Right. What's the biggest reward of the business?

SPEAKER_01 20:08

Cannabis is so important to so many people and so many beings. And the idea that for so long this was a thing that was just like in the shadows and you couldn't necessarily be open and talk about it with everyone. It has been so amazing to just have this be my professional life. And I get to talk with people and help them. And when people come up to me and they're like, I've had people come up to me and be like, You're like, this thing that you guys made is like the only thing that gets me to sleep. This thing that you made is the only thing I use when I have sex with my partner. Like just like all these different cool things that you're like, wow, we are literally increasing quality of life and joy.

SPEAKER_00 20:50

Talking about joy, what is your favorite season on the farm?

SPEAKER_01 20:54

Early summer. There's a lot of plants that are like just starting, they're really bushing out. There's like we've got our companion plant, the calendula looks pretty, you know, like everything is just starting to warm up and there's flowers everywhere. That whole like three-week period where the plants are just starting to like really come into their own. It's nice because it's before the harvest, it's after the planting, and it's not the winter.

Closing And Follow Us CTA

SPEAKER_00 21:18

All right. And on that note, thank you so much. That was so interesting. Thank you, Mr. That's it for today. Thanks for listening. And if you like the show and want to hear more like it, please follow us. And until next time, stay curious.