They Found 750 Lost Photos of Samoa Hidden in a Suitcase

What stories are hidden inside 100-year-old glass plate photos? In Part 2, we go deep into two extraordinary archival collections — the Solf Collection and the Tetens Collection — that are rewriting what we know about Samoa's colonial era. From German governors and Samoan chiefs to a scientist who fell in love with the islands, these 750+ digitized images bring our ancestors back to life.

We explore how Otto Tetens' photos survived WWII in a suitcase, a bush expedition to rediscover Mataafa Iosefo's lost house, the Samoan Parliament that vanished in 1905, and the forgotten tradition of liming hair. This is photographic history at its most powerful. 🎙️

🕐 TIMESTAMPS
00:00 — Intro: The Solf Collection & Dr. Hilke Totoro
01:00 — Wilhelm Solf at Vailima & his Samoan household
03:00 — German Admiral Von Köper & his Samoan love story
05:00 — Afamasaga Moa: Samoa's key colonial-era administrator
06:00 — Setting the record straight on Mataafa Iosefo
08:00 — Kaiser's birthday gathering & Beach Road, Apia
10:00 — How glass plate photography worked
12:00 — Introducing the Tetens Collection: 750 rare images
14:00 — How Dorothea saved the photos during WWII
17:00 — Tetens, the Samoan Parliament & Mulinuu chiefs
20:00 — The lost tradition: why Samoans limed their hair
21:00 — The only photo of the German Samoan Parliament (1902)
23:00 — Lauaki & the orators of parliament
25:00 — The demolished Malua Jubilee Hall
26:00 — Mataafa Iosefo's house on Mauga Fulau
27:00 — Bush expedition: rediscovering the lost foundations
30:00 — What drew Tony into Samoan photographic history
32:00 — Photographic history vs. mainstream academia

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Transcript

SPEAKER_01 0:00

And we we can name a lot of the people of this photo. The Ta'imura, which is the senior house. The men are sitting in seats. Um and the the the faipula are sitting on the ground. And so the people at the back are Lao Lovry and there's um Ali Alifana, one of the guys in the doorway there, and Mata Apa Yosefa asserting uh paramount seat by actually standing above everyone else. The gentleman on the right, I think, might have been a functionary, a secretary uh for the gathering. And that's Lowaki on the far right.

SPEAKER_04 0:40

Hands up from the roof to the club. Let's go. Hey, hey, hey! We go wave and the wave at the wave, let her ride, let her eye on nice.

SPEAKER_01 0:58

That's just the soul. That uh the talk I gave at um Munich. And um uh the lady who digitized the Solf Collection is the the woman second from the left, uh Dr. Hilke Totoroy, yes, that's her. Hilke's fantastic. She's done a she's a great student of some artist.

SPEAKER_03 1:17

Just to hear uh hearing Tony going through all these photos, it seems like there's so many photos out there that some of the families that used to live in New Zealand that were German descendant that actually probably moved back to Germany, that probably still have these photos that need to be captured. I mean, it's just like it's like a rescuing the lost paradise that there are some people out there that we know that they still held these these photos. And hopefully that with through this uh podcast that somebody out there, somewhere in Germany or Munich or somewhere anywhere that was actually there at the moment or at the time that still have these posts that we can actually look at it. And you know, it's it's pretty cool the work that you're doing, Tony. I know I applaud you for doing this, you know, throughout your own time. So I'm just going through the fascinating of the photos that it's been bringing up to life. I mean, I'm pretty sure some of these photos it takes hours to to bring it back to life. So that's on the questions after that.

SPEAKER_01 2:13

Sure, sure. Look, this is a photo I've taken up at Robert Louis Stevenson's um museum up at uh up at Feilima, of course, when it was the home of the the German governor, and that's him, that's Wilhelm Solf standing there, and that's his wife Joanna. And someone's cracked a joke off camera. And uh it's a really I thought it was a wonderful capture, because she's laughing. She she's got her hand over her face laughing, and he's laughing, so I'd love to know what what what someone off camera had said, but that was a cool show. And there's some of their Samoa and staff, um, the Fita Fita, who uh accompanied the German governor from place to place. He brought when he c uh uh he he actually hired a valet from a German possession in Samoa, and uh that young man is is sitting in the uh carriage with the Chinese uh mind or the Sulf's little daughter, uh who who they called Sa'or Emmal. They didn't give her any other name. So uh sh she was known throughout her life as Lamy Solf, and um that's her Chinese um holding her in in the carriage outside the outside the governor residence.

SPEAKER_02 3:42

So they're barefooted and I also noticed the calves in their legs, so there was a lot of walking taking place.

SPEAKER_03 3:49

Some big calves over there. The guy in the front next to the horse.

SPEAKER_01 4:07

Very cool shot. The guy was sitting lower right is um a gentleman who later went on to have the Mata Affa title uh and um and a collection of others on one of the ships, and the German admiral sitting there uh sort of in the middle, holding the hand of the Salmon lady. Um he he actually fell in love with her. We've got another photo of him staring longingly at her um with his arm around her and holding her hand. His name was von Kerper, and he seemed to have really fallen in love with this this woman whose identity I don't know.

SPEAKER_02 4:47

I noticed that there are numbers placed on a few of them. So it is it just for uh labeling who they are that you I I think Mrs.

SPEAKER_01 4:57

Solf or Wilhelm Solf, the governor, had had written in pencil or something on some of these people and must have indexed them somewhere. Um you can see on in the middle row on the left uh someone gentlemen with I think number seven written on him, and that was Afamar San Amola being able to identify him, who was a translator and a personal assistant to uh the German governors and um an extraordinary administrator actually. Uh there were there were four or five or six or seven of some ones who were very had very responsible positions in the German administration and uh uh Afanasunger was one of them.

SPEAKER_02 5:46

I noticed the the soldier on the top is holding someone's baby.

SPEAKER_00 5:51

Yes, that's true.

SPEAKER_01 6:07

Solf sitting in the second row with a white blouse on.

SPEAKER_02 6:13

Mataafa is mostly seen with the same woman uh every time.

SPEAKER_01 6:17

Yeah, well, um he got the Mataafa title this gentleman um uh in about nineteen eighteen, so he didn't have it at the time this photo was taken, though he was a senior uh Ali uh socially uh and he was from Falifar.

SPEAKER_02 6:38

Is this the same Mata Alpha Yosepho?

SPEAKER_00 6:41

No, no, uh uh no it's it's not.

SPEAKER_01 6:46

Actually this was this look, I might have made a mistake. This might be No, I think it I think he was a Mata Alpha, that's right. So Yosepho died in about nineteen twelve, nineteen eleven. And then another there was another person who succeeded to the title and um then this this man uh succeeded to it in about nineteen eighteen.

SPEAKER_02 7:12

That's good to know so that people are not mixed up with the different identities, you know.

SPEAKER_00 7:16

Sure, sure. Now that's that's not Mata Afa Yosef. But this is the the gentleman on the left, that's Mata Afa Yosefo.

SPEAKER_01 7:26

That's another photo from the the Salt Collection. Very cool photo. I think um there's been a big gathering at Mullinol and uh he's walking away uh under the sunshade of an umbrella. Really cool photo.

SPEAKER_02 7:40

And everyone is wearing white. Was it just more of religious for reasons or for the weather?

SPEAKER_00 7:47

Well, formal and religious, I think Leo, isn't it?

SPEAKER_03 7:50

You know, white, um Perhaps in Sunday, that they're in or some sort of an event.

SPEAKER_00 7:56

Could be. Could be Kalana. Yep. And a lot of photos from uh village scenes like this one from the Solf Collection.

SPEAKER_01 8:08

And they took about four or five photos of this gathering. We don't know where it is, it's a lovely sandy beach. I'm thinking it I'm thinking it may be, you know, somewhere on Savoy. Um may maybe at around Sangamalo. And that was taken at the uh German administration building at uh Sangamalo. And uh I think these two ladies were helpers for the for the Solf family for Mrs.

SPEAKER_00 8:34

Solf. And we don't know where this was taken. Pretty cool show.

SPEAKER_01 8:42

Maybe it was a Sunday, maybe it was a big gathering, and these uh these ladies were going to be called on to do some service or some serving at some point. Only a small proportion of the photos in in the self-collection have captions, so uh the role of social media is pretty important in trying to elucidate more information about some of these photos.

SPEAKER_00 9:09

That's a big gathering, uh I think.

SPEAKER_01 9:12

Maybe the the uh Kaiser's birthday. Um and that's that's a cool gathering of mainly German men and their someone partners, some on wives and their children. Um we we can identify a few of these people. Um Mr. Netzler on the on the far left with the that black hat, Charles Netzler, um and um the yep. And the next photo uh is a is a very cool shot from a high position looking down Beach Road in Arpia. Uh that was in the collection. I I thought that was really cool. Um and that's the fabricious store that we can see with the projecting uh balcony. Um but there's so many photos, and here's the German governor coming in at uh on the same day as that previous photo coming in to be welcomed. I think he'd been in um in Germany for maybe six or seven months, and uh all the uh the Star Mullen uh Parliament, um the Tainu and the uh Faipure um were were there to welcome him. I have to ask, the the way that the photos were taken, it must have been very difficult, like we we talked about the environment, the surrounding and you know, with the the humidity, they had to capture in a way where, you know, when they're getting exp when it I I don't know, I guess it's called something glass capturing or well, I mean all of these photos would have been most of these uh a lot of these soul photos were taken with um with glass plate negatives, and that is you don't have a film negative, a roll film, you have a glass plate, um which can be of varying sizes, but you c you can get a lot of detail with glass plates, and it's pretty clear that a lot of the photography in the self album and in lots of albums were taken with glass plate negatives because you get so much detail.

SPEAKER_00 11:16

And that was uh a guy who went on to become a a doctor.

SPEAKER_01 11:21

Uh and um his family really enjoyed us putting their photo up. Uh that was one photo that was captioned, and he became a doctor uh under the New Zealand administration and taken on board one of the German naval vessels.

SPEAKER_02 11:36

Uh this guy doesn't have any tattoo on him versus the many men that I receive right now.

SPEAKER_01 11:41

Yeah, I mean it's pretty I mean, this guy should have been in Hollywood, I feel. Um you know, he's a pretty stunning looking uh guy, isn't he?

SPEAKER_02 11:51

This guy's fit.

SPEAKER_03 11:52

That's like the perfect uh picture of uh physique that most Polynesians want to have or endure nowadays instead of having all these chemicals. Now that right there is a a fine art of a working man, you know.

SPEAKER_01 12:05

You're about the wrong. You're about wrong.

SPEAKER_02 12:08

With real muscles.

SPEAKER_01 12:10

Yeah. Yeah. And and that's just another photo from the that's the Mully Noollifanul um German estate. That's the big coconut plantation.

SPEAKER_03 12:22

Yeah, that's the big coconut. Yeah, wow.

SPEAKER_00 12:25

And um and with the donkeys with baskets on their back for picking up coconuts and that. So yeah.

SPEAKER_01 12:35

And then look there so that was the that was the Solf collection, but the Tettens collection too, which has has come out of the woodwork and with the cooperation of its owners in uh Germany, Christiani and Hervig Nickemann, um the Museum of Samoa now has full access to the 750 images that were taken by the man on the right, Otto Tettens, who was a scientist who came to Samoa to set up the geophysical observatory at Murin in between 1902 and 1905. And it's pretty clear he was more interested in taking photographs, and virtually all of his photographs were taken on glass plate cameras, so there's wonderful images. And and uh Hervig and Christiani have given uh have given us access to the whole collection. Hervig actually digitized the whole collection uh about two years ago, two and a half years ago. And so all of these 750 images are now digitized and um it's just a beautiful collection because Tettens was a wonderful photographer and uh just uh so admiring of that guy. And he married later married uh he actually dated a few Salmon women. He was you can tell from his diaries, he's very guarded, um, but it's pretty clear he's infatuated uh uh at various points in time with um one or two Salmon, young young Salmon women. But he did uh end up actually marrying a Palongi woman from Apia who he met, who was the daughter of the American consul, uh Mr. Hongrott, and he married her uh a year or two after he left Samoa uh in Switzerland and they lived together for the rest of their lives.

SPEAKER_00 14:31

Um so I uh that was now look, his collection can we go to the next photo, Laosel?

unknown 14:38

Yes.

SPEAKER_01 14:39

This woman on the back of the boat, uh uh this is on a Lake Scham of Else in near in in in Germany. She she's the lady who married uh Tettens, and that's her and her old age. And um the Titans died in in the late late late part of the war in natural causes.

SPEAKER_00 15:00

In nineteen forty-five, can we go back to the other photo?

SPEAKER_01 15:04

Um in nineteen forty-five, the the the Russians come through Germany, they ask Dorothea to leave her house and live in a small cabin behind the house, the tetter's house, and one of the few things she took was these 750 photos in this particular suitcase. And uh she took it and cared for them, and then when she left Germany to return to America, um, a year or two later, she gave this uh suitcase of photos to her niece, Ingeborg um Ingeborg, and Ingeborg has given it to her daughter, who was Christiani uh who holds them now, and her husband Christiani's husband Hervik has digitized a whole lot. So hats off to both Christiani and and Hervik for this wonderful collection.

SPEAKER_03 15:57

So so I'm wondering on the boat, was that uh was that Edited or the name Upia was on that?

SPEAKER_01 16:03

No, it's no no no no no that was a boat. She and um and and her husband um Otto Tettens had obviously named it uh A Pia. Um so that that was probably in the nineteen forties. Right. And that's Christiani uh who holds she's she holds the collection and her husband Hervig, taken uh at the same lake, actually. Uh I took this home um in in 2024 when we stayed at the Tetans House. They've refurbished the Tetans House and um have done a wonderful job and they love hosting guests from Samoa and New Zealand and Samoan people at the Tetans Villa, which is very close to this lake. And that's that's Christiani and my wife, uh Ferna. Um uh and we had a very pleasant uh couple of nights at the uh Tetans Villa, which is just up the road from this path.

SPEAKER_00 17:05

This is the And that's a shot I took in the evening of it. Lovely house.

SPEAKER_01 17:09

And look, it was occupied for about uh fifty years, forty years by the Russians, and uh then um then um Christiani and Hervig were able to get ownership of it back um once the Russians left Germany and uh they've done a wonderful uh refurbishment job on on the whole um on on the structure. It's a beautiful house. It's a lovely position. And that's Tetans on the left and Mata Mata Afa Yosefell. Now look, Tetans was one of the great things about this collection w well about Tetans was that he was setting up the observatory just at 200 meters from where the the Salmon Parliament that the Germans had introduced, the Faipule and the Ta'imur. Um the Germans had had set up this gathering in their own fale, uh at at just two hundred metres from where Tetans was based. So he formed friendships with all of the uh high chiefs of Samoa uh during these years, and we got some wonderful photography. I mean, there are many, many photographs of the people the women and the Ali uh at at Mulinou and I mean I've only put up a couple of here in this um this gallery here, but um this is typical of some of the photos he took. And that's one of Thomasese Lealofi, who was helping Tetans uh build some traditional Farlac at um at Molinu. And uh I love that photo. It's it's it's it's an awesome photo. And um holding a soperlo, but I think he was just chopping stuff to help uh Tetans, but such a great capture.

SPEAKER_00 19:11

And that was uh Mollyatura Fa'alata, who was another uh gentleman, uh a lee based at Molimu at that time.

SPEAKER_01 19:20

He was a keen hunter of of of birds, and that's a a monotungi, I think, in the in the traditional cage that uh that he he had. Um and uh he took Tetans on a Monotungi uh sneering ex expedition which was wonderfully captured by Tetans. I haven't put the photos here, but they're beautiful photos, beautiful photos. Taken in the bush, I think, and by normal up behind the up there.

SPEAKER_03 19:52

Um I'm just actually fascinating and amazing with a lot of photos that they were captured. Especially the way our people uh the Polynesian itself, uh the way they look and how they are, and that's about it. It's just I s I still have some couple of questions later on, but go ahead, so I know you got some some questions for Tommy.

SPEAKER_02 20:12

So I have um two things that I noticed was um the white hair. And then the second thing I noticed was the artillery, is that what it's what it is behind him? Like it seems like military uh it's like a uh uh where they keep the guns.

SPEAKER_01 20:31

No, those are falay, I think, behind him. That's that's a falay in the distance or or inside a good m I haven't had a good look at that actually. Um I'm not sure what that is in there, Lyonsal. Um but but your first question about the the hair look something that used to go on right through I think Samoan history right up until the nineteen thirties was Samoans used to lime their hair with lime uh and this they were would rub it in. And this was both a cosmetic thing to look different and maybe to uh to look pretty trendy, but my view is that lime liming of hair was also used to uh disinfect the hair to kill uh knits and to kill headlines. And um but but in lots of photos from this period and it fades out, I think, in about the nineteen thirties, people used to lime their hair um and they could they could wash it out eventually.

SPEAKER_00 21:41

Um but um it was a it was a fashion statement. And look, that's the only photo of the Samoan Parliament that the Germans set up.

SPEAKER_01 21:54

Um the the the the Samoan Parliament was actually moved away from Woody New in 1905. In 1905 the Germans dispersed the Samoan Parliament back to the villages. And um so this was taken I think in about nineteen oh two or three by Tetans. And there's a there's no other photo of of that gathering. So I'm um we're really very privileged to have the access to the Tetans collection. And we we can name a lot of the people in this photo. The Ta'imur which is the senior house the men are sitting in seats um and the the the five pure are sitting on the ground. And so the people at the back are Laio and there's umalialifano one of the guys in the doorway there and Mata Apa Yosefo asserting uh paramount seat by actually standing above everyone else. The gentleman on the right I think might have been a functionary a secretary uh for the gathering and that's Loaki on the far right.

SPEAKER_02 23:06

I noticed that Lowaki's in a lot of pictures with uh Mata Mataafi and and his I I don't know if it's his wife or his daughter.

SPEAKER_01 23:14

No, she's um she was a a niece I think and she's in that photo there too.

SPEAKER_00 23:18

Um just below um Mata I I I forget her name offhand but um I I think she was a as a niece.

SPEAKER_01 23:31

And that's Lowaki that's another photo from the uh from the tenants collection Lawaki on the left and uh another orator there were two key artists in the parliament and that was a guy called Tafu of Fa'us also sure who the little fellow was or lovely little dog there too of course and that's a shot of Tahisi Olaf Nelson on the right uh standing in the doorway um with his father uh is it August Nelson standing in the middle who married um Istanbul and uh that's taken at Sahune I'm pretty sure it's not taken in that shop at Apia that that was taken by Tetans during a visit he made to Savai in um 1902 I'm pretty sure and that's a wonderful photo of August Nelson I don't know who the other guys are another photo he took of my mour of the Jubilee Hall uh very cool photo but as I say look we've got seven hundred and fifty photos from from this collection and uh this is just a a a drop on a drop on the oak.

SPEAKER_03 24:39

Well look at the details of the ceiling Wow the design on the top of it that's pretty nice though.

SPEAKER_01 24:47

Oh all that timber work sadly look the church the LMS church or EFKS um they demolished that church some years ago and um because it wasn't big enough any any longer for their annual um their annual conference or their annual get together so they did s they did salvage some pieces of it for the new Jubilee Hall or or small Jubilee Hall. Um but I I th you know look someone's That's kinda sad to be honest instead of preserving the history and have that just maintain and then build it somewhere else would have been nice but sad to hear that they demolished it I'm afraid Kanami um but that's yeah very fa very sad and look this is a house that um Mata Ofiyosefo who is standing on the right had built for him or he had it or or or he built it himself on a on a hill behind Tua Ephu at the back of Apia on a hill called Mongafulau and Tietens went up there and um photographed it and uh so that's him on the right and family on the left and you can see the view out to Apia from the top of Mungofulau.

SPEAKER_00 26:10

Can we have the next photo?

SPEAKER_01 26:15

So Tietens also photographed on the front porch of that house uh that's on the veranda that faced Apia uh Mata Yosefand is his his niece I think it is and some children the grandchildren perhaps and a little German girl um whose identity I've nearly got but I can't quite get it. And so she's the baby that was um being um k taked care for by the the Asian lady no no no no no it's not um it's it's another girl who appears in a few photos and then Mataafa Yosefa was said to be the godfather for this girl and um the tetans Christiane and Hervig Nickerman said that people in Germany actually told them who this girl was and it was their grandmother but they couldn't I couldn't get the name get get the name unfortunately but one day I hoped to get the name of this little girl. But what happened was this house eventually disappeared off when I posted these photos on Facebook uh a year or two ago there was a thread of comments saying hey look we know where that house was in fact those concrete steps are still there in the bush we used to go up there picking berries we used to go up there picking fruit um many years ago so I actually made contact with them and um I said to them look um can you tell me where is there are there people there who know where the remnants of this house was and they said yes so I made contact with them and uh last year me and uh Nalul Malemama Stephen Percival and some descendants of Matafiose went back up Mana Faral and so I I I sent you the photos of that expedition and um and if you can put those up we can we so we we um were very lucky we headed off over the watch and um and um the gentleman on the left who was a descendant of of Yosefos was was able to guide us up and describe how he used to come up that track behind us on horse and cart because he couldn't walk up the hill and that track actually went pretty much all the way up to the where the house was and you'll see that on the next few photos what's what's remaining. And there are some of the steps that were were in the photo and um so they're still there and uh it was a real bust there's a young woman who came up with those two and uh steps and house foundations and uh there were quite a few of these concrete steps and the foundations that were still there along with some bottles uh that um had been in use and we we found a clothes iron uh Uli Malala um up there and um and it was a big house as you can see from these concrete piles, concrete foundations and um it's a pity it wasn't preserved but it's a pity with s with so many old wonderful structures that used to exist in Samoa and a big tree growing through one of the stairways and just another photo from uh the Tetans collection I wish we knew who this woman was it looks like these are her kids um but I've been unable to to uh establish the her identity.

SPEAKER_02 29:52

I love the way her Queen looks the simplicity of it's beautiful Yep it's it's wonderful. It's an authentic early uh to winga I was gonna ask you what led you to want to know more about the culture and and you said that um you're just glad that your dad didn't didn't share a lot of things.

SPEAKER_01 30:13

I didn't think about it that was crazy.

SPEAKER_02 30:17

So what was the first time you went back to Samoa and and you were able to get yourself involved with the history?

SPEAKER_01 30:24

Well um I I went back in 1975 in my twenties and uh spent time with my aunt uh mered and uh Auntie Ardele was actually into history she and her husband had actually sent up set up a printing company called someone I think it was commercial printers along with their um coconut cream factory and so she was into history and she had republished some books from some good books from Salmon history so Auntie really was into history and I I really credit her with helping sharpen my interest in in Salmon history and we also went round and spent time with my swanky uh family relatives in uh Malay la and um later of course I married a salmon and so you know it's been a a a slow uh process of getting it closer to the culture getting more immersed in the culture since um since uh my twenties and um I got diverted onto other things of course over the years so as I said earlier in the interview really the in-depth um the in-depth thing began from that photo collection from my cousin Agnes I say uh twenty years ago so really I've I've really spent a lot of time drilling down in into that whole aspect of Samoan history. I'm not a mainstream historian I'm if anything I'm a photographic historian so uh although I get tempted to do some heavy hitting academic type history uh I'm I'm having a an article come out in the Journal of Samoan studies that um National University of Samoa put out a a a couple of times a year. I've got a big article on the Cornwall property um historical property and Savahi coming out uh but I tend not to become involved in mainstream in-depth um academic history I mean in part and I shouldn't say this because a lot of a lot of it is is uh become cliched narratives around anti-colonialism, decolonization um global warming uh climate resilience there's so much going on in that space that that I'm I'm not particularly into and I'm more interested in mainstream photographic history and the captioning work and the research work that goes along with that.

SPEAKER_02 33:16

I mean most historians use photographs as a sideline to illustrate their books but the photographs are my main interest and so I I I do the research on the photographs and that's how I've become more au fay with with some on history by having to write the captions, you know Yeah I I I noticed that like um there's a lot of different interpretations of history and uh it it it's it's pretty sad because not a lot of things were written by our own people and so they were written by those who were foreigners uh through their lens. Uh what stood out to you the most to where a lot of people can interpret it to a degree where it's false narrative. What image stood out to you that caused a lot of controversial to where you know you had to stand up for for what was really truthful in that particular image?

SPEAKER_01 34:11

Well look one of the uh most controversial and sensitive series of pictures that I had to deal with and get family sign off uh before I displayed them were uh the images of uh Thomas Hesse who was killed on Black Friday in nineteen twenty nine um and uh a man called Alfred Smythe.

SPEAKER_04 34:50

Boom boom earth shakes I wave riders lava rivers no sea baseline dumping sharp cuts like cleavers coconut shell timing heart beat running sticky torches burning a nice beat coming on him legends a lot coming