EP 5 Queen Nanny - Mother of The Maroons I Women And Resistance 🌍

In this episode, hosts Aya Fubara Eneli Esq and Adesoji Iginla explore the life and legacy of Queen Nanny of the Maroons, a pivotal figure in Jamaican history and a symbol of resistance against colonial oppression. 
The conversation delves into her role as a freedom fighter, the tactics of guerrilla warfare employed by the Maroons, and the importance of spirituality and connection to nature in their struggle. 
The hosts emphasize the need to reclaim narratives, understand historical contexts, and draw lessons from the past to empower future generations.

Takeaways

*Queen Nanny is a symbol of resistance and freedom.
*The Maroons employed guerrilla warfare tactics against British soldiers.
*Treaties signed with colonizers often led to betrayal and loss of autonomy.
*Historical narratives often erase the contributions of women like Queen Nanny.
*Spirituality and connection to nature were integral to the Maroon identity.
*Oral traditions play a crucial role in preserving history and culture.
*The fight for freedom is ongoing and requires unity and strength.
*Understanding one's history is essential for empowerment.
*Women have played significant roles in resistance movements throughout history.
*The legacy of Queen Nanny inspires current and future generations to resist oppression.

Chapters

00:00 Introduction to Queen Nanny of the Maroons
01:25 The Life and Legacy of Queen Nanny
05:17 The Maroons' Guerrilla Warfare Tactics
09:29 The Struggle for Freedom and Identity
13:31 The Impact of Treaties and Compromise
18:23 The Role of Oral Tradition in History
22:59 The Significance of Names and Identity
27:46 Resistance and Spirituality in Maroon Culture
33:20 The Legacy of Queen Nanny and Ongoing Struggles
33:30 The Power of Communication and Knowledge
35:56 Herbal Wisdom and Language Preservation
37:13 Resilience in Adversity: The Pumpkin Story
38:51 Historical Context: The Fight Against Oppression
41:19 Recognition and Legacy of Women in History
44:34 Spirituality and Connection to Nature
48:09 Empowerment Through Knowledge and Healing
51:22 The Importance of Storytelling and Legacy

Welcome  to Women and Resistance, a powerful podcast where we honour the courage, resilience, and revolutionary spirit of women across the globe. Hosted by Aya Fubara Eneli Esq and Adesoji Iginla...

You're listening to Women and Resistance with Aya Fubara Eneli Esq and Adesoji Iginla—where we honour the voices of women who have shaped history through courage and defiance...Now, back to the conversation.

That’s it for this episode of Women and Resistance. Thank you for joining us in amplifying the voices of women who challenge injustice and change the course of history. Be sure to subscribe, share, and continue the conversation. Together We Honour the past, act in the present, and shape the future. Until next time, stay inspired and stay in resistance!

Transcript

Adesoji Iginla (00:00.394)
One. Greetings, greetings and welcome again to Women and Resistance, a regular podcast where we showcase the contribution of women to the resistance and African liberation. I am your host, one of your co-hosts, Adesaji Iginla and my co-host, Aya Fubera Eneli Esquire.

would be taking drew today's very remarkable person and none other than Queen Nanny of the Maroons.

So before we dive into the life of Queen Nani of Maroons, it's important to underscore why she is important to our conversation. She's considered a freedom fighter that was way, way before her time. She fought the enslavement of Africans in what would now be called modern day Jamaica.

She also formed a community off of the back of VATS. The community is known as the Maroons in the mountains. So today we're going to be looking at how VATS was first and foremost so important in its time and what lessons we can learn from our times today. so, Queen Nani.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:44.11)
It is nice.

Adesoji Iginla (01:44.27)
Question is, who is she?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:50.104)
It is night in the Blue Mountains. The year is 1734. There is no noise save the occasional hoot of an owl or the shriek of a bat and join its evening feast. A visitor might think the place uninhabited, but this is a warrior's camp.

Maroon soldiers and lookouts are posted along every ridge, high up in the trees, behind every shadow. They are cloaked in darkness and covered in branches hiding among the lush foliage. A few hours before morning approaches, we hear the tramp, tramp, tramp of Black British boots on maroon soil.

The British soldiers in their bright red uniforms and big black boots with their loud laughter and disregard for the environment are a stark contrast to the maroon soldiers.

The British have come to capture what they feel is rightfully theirs. Escaped or never captured Africans who they view as slaves. The rightful property of the British government. One of these soldiers, well, he comes to rest in a clearing, puts his gun down and leans back against a tree to catch his breath. He looks up to the sky.

enjoying the peace and quiet and wondering how much longer before they reach the elusive Nanny town so they can finally burn it to the ground.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (03:42.33)
Ha ha, suddenly the tree he was leaning against comes to life. And with a whispered word in a language he had never heard before.

His throat is slit.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (04:03.642)
Who am I?

am Nanny, Grand Nanny, Ohima of the Asante, the great progenitor, daughter of the ancient, spirit unbroken, fire undimmed, mistress of metaphysics, weaving power from the unseen, obi-ya priestess, whispering secrets to the wind and the waters. I am Queen Nanny, warrior queen, fearless mother to all. I am she who dances with spirits and commands the storms. I am she who captures bullets, yes, and sends them back with fury, guerrilla tactician.

Unseen shadow striking with a force of thunder nanny the great hypnotist my voice bends the wheels of men My eyes hold the weight of eternity healer of the wounded Mender of souls I grew life from leaves whispering the wisdom of the forest Queen of the pumpkin planters from the earth I feed nations from my hands. I build a kingdom free and fierce Revolutionary flame on yielding force first to defy first to triumph

Leader of the first great reckoning, victorious cry of the oppressed in the new world, I carved a path of freedom with fire and steel. I am Nanny, quintessential role model forever eternal, forever guiding. My spirit rises with the smoke of battle with the rhythm of righteous drum beats, calling to the highest ideals of humanity, ancestors and God, reverberating in the hearts of those who dare to stand.

I am Nanny and I live forever in you.

Adesoji Iginla (05:42.466)
Nope.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (05:44.4)
So now that we're done with that, let's get this out of the way. That is essentially how the maroons that we're gonna talk about in Queen Nanny could hide themselves in the trees, in the foliage, in the mountains, and wreak havoc on the British soldiers. And they were the first ones in the new world.

to have a successful revolution. How are you doing brother Adesuji?

Adesoji Iginla (06:18.115)
I am fine, I am fine, I am fine and I honoured to be in the presence of the Queen of the Maroons.

Adesoji Iginla (06:29.944)
Question is, how are you?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (06:44.878)
It's a simple question with not such a simple answer.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (06:51.706)
There are many stories told about me, of course.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (06:57.796)
My origins have not been easy for people to pin down.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (07:07.152)
Some accounts say that my father, who was a prince, traveled from Ghana, modern day Ghana. I am of the Akan ethnic group.

and that he traveled with his children, including seven sons and two daughters, and that we arrived free and what the Tainos, who used to be the original inhabitants of that area called Zamaica.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (07:45.902)
and that we came to check on our people that we knew had been taken there. That is one account. And in that account, I was never enslaved.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (08:00.098)
Another account says that my father was already there and then I was born, also that I was never enslaved. Another account is that there were some ethnic wars going on and I and my siblings were captured. And back then, the most, in their words, unruly,

captives were taken to Jamaica because that was a place where it was truly a God-porsaken place in terms of how they treated my brothers and sisters as they enslaved us. And it is said that we were spread out, but my sister and I were at the same plantation. And one time,

We had made plans to escape and we did escape. But my sister was carrying a baby and the baby made a sound. And so they captured my sister. And so are some who say she is the mother of the Jamaicans and I am the mother of the Maroons.

Adesoji Iginla (09:07.362)
This was Sister Sakuzee.

Adesoji Iginla (09:23.214)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (09:25.06)
There are some stories that, there are many stories. There are stories about even my name. Some people say I was named Abinah Pokwa. Some folks say I was known as Sarah Matilda Rowe.

And others recognized that nanny was a term of endearment, a term of respect, that I came from a matrilineal tradition, as did many of the others who were in marunage with me. And nanny was a term of endearment. And at some point, not only was I known as nanny, I was known as grand nanny.

Adesoji Iginla (10:20.238)
So where would you say the idea of creating a manu manu marronage came from? Was this the undying spirit within Nani or it was brought on by the situation she witnessed in Jamaica? Or it's basically saying

I will not be enslaved to the British.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (10:54.778)
Well, what do you think it is?

Adesoji Iginla (11:00.499)
I do not want to...

offer my thoughts on it yet because here is what I don't want to do. Modern historians will often project what they consider to be myth-making on a situation that is settled and that becomes the running narrative. She is not spared that treatment either. So I would not want us to use this podcast to underscore, to continue in that tradition. So it would be for one,

for the person involved to actually voice their own experience because the point of this interaction is so that people understand that every of the women we're treating in the course of our conversations have their own narratives and those narratives should be brought to the fore.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (12:01.572)
Let me stop by saying this.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (12:07.61)
What I did as a woman, the British had never seen before because they treated their woman as less than human beings. They could not understand a matrilineal society. They could not understand the power of a woman and they could definitely not understand the power of a black woman. As a result, although there are stories,

and accounts that were written about my brothers in the annals, in the British annals. They were really only four mentions of me. Because for these...

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (12:50.092)
spineless brutes to admit.

that their desires, their greed, their quest to conquer my people was thwarted by a woman, a black woman nonetheless. And I was not a big black woman as they would say. What is written is that I was actually small in stature and I was wiry. I was slim.

The pictures that are seen of me now, the renditions, the drawings, is akin to what was done with Jesus in the portraits that some of you now see as Jesus. There were no pictures taken of me. So that rendition that you see of me that is now on the $500 note in Jamaica was actually of a woman who is still alive today.

She was a student at this school. And when the principal asked for students to come up with their renditions of who Queen Nani in their minds would be, a young man named Claude Gay asked her to be his model. And that is what the image that you see is mostly based on. So they tried to erase me from history.

Adesoji Iginla (14:17.87)
Mmm.

Interesting.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (14:26.394)
And the reason I could never be killed off was because of our oral traditions.

But just like you might take the Bible and you have four different so-called disciples who witnessed the same thing with Jesus supposedly, but all had slightly varied accounts of the same event, there are many stories about me. What we do know about me, what you should know about me.

is that in my heart to the question you asked.

Beats.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (15:11.866)
an unquenchable desire for freedom. We all have it in us. There is a reason why we use drums in our African societies. And when we came to Jamaica, we kept up our African traditions. In fact, you go to the maroons today and you will still see so much.

from the Akans, from the now modern-day Congolese, from the Igbo, from the Ashanti, you will see it all. You will still see those traditions. But there's something about the beating of the drums that quickens the spirit and quickens the heart.

and you cannot stay caged.

you will escape or you will die trying. And so in the hearts of my people, as we hearkened to those drum beats, as we hearkened to the voices of our ancestors, because we never forgot our traditions, we were never going to be captured. We were never.

going to be the slaves of other people, we were going to live free and we were going to teach our children to live free. And we knew from some of the Tainos that we met when we got there. We heard from them the brutality of these people. We knew from them that so many of their people had been decimated and they were a peaceful people.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (16:55.726)
We knew that these white men do not listen to peace. They do not want peace. And so we decided we will fight with everything. And we did.

Adesoji Iginla (17:09.325)
Mm.

Adesoji Iginla (17:12.856)
Yes, you did because the Asian Revolution would also employ some of the guerrilla tactics that was made famous by Queen Nanny yourselves and your fellow maronage. Now the thing is, how did the idea of guerrilla warfare

Enter the conversation with Queen Nani.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (17:48.016)
To ask that question would be to take me back to the shores of my people. To go back even and look at our masquerade dances. We know how to communicate with the animals. We are one with nature. We respect nature. We get wisdom from everything in the universe.

And so being in the Blue Mountains where we were, where we built our areas, and I should come, I will come back and tell you some of the discussions that have been had about where even the terminology my runes comes from. It was second nature, maybe even first nature to understand how to blend in

with our environment and to use our environment for our protection.

See, because we are not at war with our environment. Wherever the white man goes, he destroys. Plants die, water is poisoned, animals become extinct, human beings die, diseases, wherever they go. But our tradition was to be one with nature. And so when we're in this situation where we must survive,

Of course we must look to what we know, which is nature. And so it made perfect sense to blend in with our environment. I have so many stories to tell you. Do you know that in these big blue mountains, there are so many areas with waterfalls?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (19:46.788)
And there's a particular area where like two bodies of water meet and it brings up this mist. It almost looks like a pot boiling, water boiling. And what we would do when we knew that these ignorant British soldiers were coming is we would put some leaves right in that water in that area.

These leaves had the ability to almost serve like chloroform wood. You guys know what that is today. And when they get up there and they're right near that ridge, they inhale it, they look and they all start falling to their death. We always save at least one. So that one can go back.

Adesoji Iginla (20:23.884)
Yes, yes, yes, a slipping gas.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (20:43.716)
and tell the stories. So they would tell stories of the 10 foot tree started strangling people. Yes, let them tell those stories. And they would tell stories of a pot boiling with no fire. They would talk about being hypnotized. We used what we had available because we were one with nature and our ancestors would tell us what to do and

and the animals we would follow. Listen.

Adesoji Iginla (21:17.294)
Hmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (21:18.936)
We could watch and understand how the animals could move without making a sound. And we emulated them. Meanwhile, here are these people with red coats and big boots frumping down, making all the noise because their ignorance precedes them. They are so full of themselves. And yes, I, Queen Nani,

Adesoji Iginla (21:34.254)
You

Adesoji Iginla (21:42.734)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (21:49.476)
with the ancestral knowledge and the gifts I had as a healer.

Gifts I remember from watching my people, gifts that were brought to my memory by my ancestors. I was able to lead my people and to show us how we could remain a free people, but not even just that. Let me tell you what we did. We terrorized those plantations. The nighttime was our time.

And by the time they could figure out what was going on, we tell, they had to flee from those areas. And they kept sending in more troops. And before 35 years, I believe before the American revolution.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (22:49.508)
and long before the Haitian Revolution. We, the so-called maroons of Jamaica, we defeated, we gave the British such a hard time, they had to come to us with treaties. But I'm not so happy.

Adesoji Iginla (22:51.764)
Revolution.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (23:11.524)
I'm not so happy.

Adesoji Iginla (23:14.209)
Wessel.

Adesoji Iginla (23:22.272)
or some will say treaties was some sort of compromise on their path. That's okay.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (23:28.518)
The treaties wear the compromise on their part, but let this be a lesson to all of you my children. You can never make peace with people who don't even know what peace is.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (23:47.302)
Any paper you sign with them is worth nothing. What it does is it lures us to sleep. We forget our ways. We forget to stay in a defensive mode. We forget to stay connected to our ancestors. And then when they have gotten us to a place where we may even have become dependent on them, maybe even now we're marrying them.

then they strike.

Ask the Native Americans.

no. Ask my brothers because one of my brothers, Kujo, he was the leader of the maroons that were called the Leeward Maroons. I was the leader of the maroons called the Windward Maroons. And near my brother, Kwa, we were in the same area but

slightly separated, but we worked together. And after the British convinced my brother, Kujo, to sign a treaty with them in 17, I believe it was 1738, I think then and then based on that, they now had the audacity to come to where we were.

Adesoji Iginla (25:05.07)
1739 first 1738 1738 1739

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (25:19.652)
And my brother, Kwa, against my wishes, he signed a treaty with them. I never signed a treaty with them. Even after they burned down Nanny Town in 1734 and claimed that they killed me, I did not sign a treaty. But in 1740, they came back.

Adesoji Iginla (25:40.216)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (25:44.686)
and they eventually gave me first 500 acres for my people, eventually a thousand acres for my people. But here's what happens when you sign these treaties with these people. Peace treaty, they don't know the definition of peace. They don't want peace for us. They don't even know peace for themselves. They're a warmongering people at war with everything.

Adesoji Iginla (26:04.395)
You

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (26:12.228)
You know what that peace treaty said?

Adesoji Iginla (26:16.046)
Infamous.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (26:16.874)
The reason why we continue to fight ourselves, we continue to deal with dividing and conquering. Can you imagine that a place that used to be a safe harbor for those of our brothers and sisters who escaped, as a matter of fact, we would go and rescue them out of these plantations. Now,

Adesoji Iginla (26:38.306)
Let's get them. OK.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (26:44.62)
we sign a document saying not only will we not harbour anybody who runs away and comes to us, we will actually return them and that when any other perceived enemy is attacking the British, we will work with the British to defeat them and for what?

These are the same people who just a few years ago were giving bounties to the British soldiers if they could come back with a pair of ears of my people.

Adesoji Iginla (27:33.208)
Hmm. Yep.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (27:33.252)
You see the same thing you see with the Leopold, right? Come back and cut off people's hands, main people. This is their mindset.

Adesoji Iginla (27:37.45)
in Congo yeah

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (27:46.756)
and we signed those treaties and we ended up having to go to war again with them. But at that time, we have weakened ourselves because we have forgotten our ways. We have forgotten some of the very integral parts of who we were.

Adesoji Iginla (28:06.478)
other people.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (28:08.046)
And so today, all of those towns, now nanny town called More Town, St. Charles Parish, St. Antonio Port, what are these names?

Adesoji Iginla (28:23.916)
Hmm, I see what you're saying. Those names are essentially a rewrite of history. It underscores the point of who was there, not so much as what transpired, but who was just there and kept us in chains.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (28:41.04)
As soon as they took over a place, they named it after them. It writes you out of history. I did get married. Some say I was married two different times.

Adesoji Iginla (28:46.125)
Mmm.

Adesoji Iginla (28:49.602)
Mm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (28:57.294)
I did have children.

Adesoji Iginla (29:00.28)
Did you?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (29:01.7)
Yes. The Ro family, our OWE family of Jamaica today, claim direct descent from me. They claim that Swipole Mento, who was my second husband, later baptized. Can you imagine what has happened to my people?

Anglosai took on the Anglosai's name of Rose Harris and was called Parose and then eventually Paro. And because I was married to him that at one point I was known as Shanti Rose or Maro. Oral tradition states that Ro, R-O-O, eventually became R-O-W-E. And many Maroons, many of us,

Adesoji Iginla (29:38.926)
You

Adesoji Iginla (29:48.558)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (29:56.314)
changed our African names for European ones as we converted to Christianity, forgetting that it was our form of spirituality that saved us all those centuries up in the mountains. Oral history says that we had three children, two sons, Kojo Ro and Ampon Ro.

Adesoji Iginla (30:14.675)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (30:23.544)
and a daughter that was also called Nanny. So where did that term maroons even come from? We always have to ask ourselves, who is naming us? Who is naming us? So one group says maroon comes from Marano. And they say it was a derogative Spanish-Portuguese term.

that actually pertained to Israelites and calling them wild pigs.

People have written all kinds of things and some of the books that have been written about me, I have to tell you are absolutely nonsensical, but they're out there anyway. And I don't quibble with them because it's still important to read them and to still remember what we accomplished.

You know, one of the legends about me is that I used to be able to capture bullets.

Adesoji Iginla (31:31.758)
I knew you were going there.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (31:35.974)
I used to be able to capture bullets with my botox and then, fire it back at them.

Adesoji Iginla (31:38.446)
with your buttocks.

Adesoji Iginla (31:44.694)
You

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (31:46.83)
Now some people say that's not possible.

Adesoji Iginla (31:49.901)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (31:52.046)
And I say.

But you believe that one man took a stick and hit the Red Sea and the Red Sea parted. All the water went one side to the other and there was open ground and a million people walked through and it wasn't until they finished getting out on the other side, then it closed. If you can believe that, why can't you believe that I caught bullets?

Adesoji Iginla (32:26.796)
We're talking about a woman now, so it's highly improbable because the world is not geared towards centering women in the grand scheme of things.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (32:27.11)
Why me?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (32:37.956)
Well, it is trying to center us because there's nothing that we can't do. We push the babies out. What is impossible for a woman? What is impossible for a black woman from whom the entire human race came from?

Adesoji Iginla (32:59.148)
Yeah, society is geared towards patriarchy. the notion of having a woman sent... Sorry?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (33:03.92)
Who's, who's the sky king?

Whose society? Because just like we created our space, that maroon space.

and dictated what we wanted that space to look like, how we would function. Even today in Jamaica, they would tell you that amongst the Maroons, those who still claim their lineage from the Maroons, that they are a more egalitarian society than the rest of Jamaica. They respect the power and the rights of women. Now, another way that the thing that they said, this is where Maroon, the word came from, is that it came from Cimarron.

against cimarron, wild animal, wild savages, those kind of things. We don't care. Call us whatever you want. It is what we call ourselves that matters.

Adesoji Iginla (33:51.67)
and mo.

Adesoji Iginla (34:00.48)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (34:02.36)
So I will not necessarily call myself Nanny of the Maroons, although I understand that in this Western dominated culture, that is something that helps people locate where I was. But what it also is, is the ways that we use language to diminish who we are.

We allow other people to diminish us with language because they do not use that those kind of language or words for the people that they esteem highly. So as we resist, as I resisted, it was about gathering, marshaling all of our powers to figure out how we could be free.

So I'm popularly known as what they say they call an OBEAH woman. They spell it O-B-E-A-H.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (35:15.524)
will most likely spell it O-B-I-Y-A, O-B-Y-A, which is actually Igbo, O-B-Y-A, O-B heart, O-B-Y-A your heart.

Adesoji Iginla (35:25.198)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (35:29.124)
I was deeply connected heart to heart with my ancestors. I was known as a powerful practitioner of African spiritual traditions. And today they have told us that our traditions are bad and we've abandoned it all.

But did you hear me say that we could talk to the animals? Did you hear me say that we could look to the sky and read what was coming? We could watch the way the birds were flying and understand that something was amiss. Because the animals have senses that we don't have.

Even today, you can go and see when there's a tsunami, the animals take off long before the human beings have a clue. They take off for high ground. We studied all of those things. I blended that indigenous knowledge with what they call resistance magic, but it was really being in tune.

Adesoji Iginla (36:20.142)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (36:37.518)
and encouraging my people to also be in tune. We all have it in us. If we are looking to ourselves and not to others to save us. But I wasn't crazy. I understood the power of their weapons. So I and my brothers, we found a way. We knew that above anything else, these people worshiped greed.

Money, wealth was their God. And so we found some, some of them were Jewish, but there were others. And we were able to raid plantations, take things from there, and then trade it with these people for guns and bullets and black powder.

Adesoji Iginla (37:16.59)
Mm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (37:32.962)
Yes, we had our machetes attached to our sticks. Gave us lot of leverage. We could do a lot of damage. Yes, we fought guerrilla warfare. The paint you see on my face, there were ways that we blended in with everything around us.

Adesoji Iginla (37:35.598)
Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (37:56.464)
but we also knew that we had to be tacticians. And so we found ways either raiding their own stores and also through trading with other greedy white people who really did not care who got killed in the process as long as they made their money. And that is a message for my children today across the world.

Adesoji Iginla (38:17.154)
they made a profit.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (38:26.476)
You in Chicago killing your brother with a gun and bullets that you didn't manufacture. You in the Congo shooting down a family with guns that have been handed to you by people who actually just want to decimate your people. Think again. Think again. The resistance has to be

against the people who will never, they will never let us be in peace. And that is why we took no prisoners. We killed them all and always sent one back to tell. We, if this was psychological warfare, we wanted one to go back and tell the story.

so that others would have fear struck in them. In fact, there's a story that I can tell you. Not a very well written book either, but there was a lieutenant, Lieutenant Thickness, and he said this, now in the action in quotes, now in the action from which I had been falsely charged with flying from the fight and panic.

Adesoji Iginla (39:31.502)
You

Adesoji Iginla (39:48.43)
You

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (39:52.954)
I was a raw, unexperienced boy. It was the first time I ever had been exposed to the fire of an enemy. And when I found myself surrounded by a volley of shots poured down from the side of a steep mountain coming from an invisible enemy, and when I had not even a weapon of defense in my hands and saw my men bleeding at my feet, at which instant more than two thirds of our party instantly ran away.

I knew too that the fire came not from a generous enemy. Now he's going to make us the enemy, even though they were coming after us. He said,

There was no more probability of conquering the enemy than there was of removing the mountain on which they were concealed. He wrote this in his old age because he was ridiculed for running away from a woman led army. And he was trying to make his case. He went on to say this in an official document. said,

I was frequently sent out with four or five and 20 men in search of the Wild Negroes at the assembly of the island because they allowed 70 pounds for every pair of Wild Negroes ears, male or female, which were brought in. In other words, these people had a policy of genocide.

And I'm telling you my children today, that policy has never changed. And any of you who don't believe it.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (41:39.556)
I don't know what to say to you because the history is there for you to study and to know.

So yes, I use protection and rituals. Do you want to see the first cell phone in Jamaica? Would you like to see that?

Adesoji Iginla (41:57.492)
Gone? Yes? Yes, gone?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (42:02.168)
It's a no bang.

We will use this. We will send out messages. To them, it sounds like the wind, but we understood what the messages were. It's called different things. It's used in different parts of the continent, Africa. But this was the first cell phone. And we would send messages and the ignorant ear would hear

Adesoji Iginla (42:24.056)
Yeah, yeah, yeah, very much so. Very much so.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (42:34.586)
But not here.

That is the science and technology we had. You think you're doing something now? Now they know everything you're doing. They have all your information. Ha ha.

Adesoji Iginla (42:40.654)
Mmm.

Adesoji Iginla (42:49.943)
social media.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (42:51.256)
Like the Navajos, we had a cult. We must return to these times. You know what? I'm very happy that the books that write about me are very incomplete.

Because everything does not need to be known.

Because once it's known, it loses its power.

Adesoji Iginla (43:17.198)
Yeah, yeah, yeah, very much so.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (43:21.306)
Now, because they understood what we were doing with nature, they gave it a name, guerrilla warfare. And what are they using now? But of course, the Vietnamese taught the Americans a very good lesson using the sense, but we were the original people.

Adesoji Iginla (43:31.562)
at Warfare.

Adesoji Iginla (43:38.38)
Listen, we.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (43:44.73)
But now you look at when you see any of their uniforms now of their soldiers, and now they go the brown and green, the camouflage. Remember what they used to wear? They used to wear red coats. That is how stupid they are.

Adesoji Iginla (43:50.424)
camouflage.

Adesoji Iginla (43:58.145)
You

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (44:01.58)
A red coat, what is it? What is the color of a target? A color of a target is red. You come out in the... That is how stupid they are, but look at what they've done. They have taken our knowledge and now applied it and now using it against us. We have to go back to our knowledge and I'm telling you, we the ancestors, we will show you even deeper things.

Adesoji Iginla (44:09.312)
You

Adesoji Iginla (44:16.372)
lens yet.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (44:31.662)
We are the original people. All they do is copy and try to kill us. Ha! Okay.

I used herbs. We were able to heal ourselves. Even today, if you go and talk to elders still practicing as they would say, marronage, you know, they still speak in the language. Do you know the language?

Adesoji Iginla (45:02.19)
Which languages are?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (45:06.916)
Romante, have you heard that language? There's a gentleman. And old diesel is an elder now. He had a lot to say. He said, Pia, Pia, she was not a woman to be messed with. He understood. And they still, some of them still speak the language, but it is going extinct. And we have to go back to reclaim that language.

Adesoji Iginla (45:33.976)
Hmm. Because you often know that in languages lies the secret of the people. So if you lose a language, you essentially lose that train of thought, that history. Hmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (45:40.454)
There you go.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (45:47.152)
Yes. Yes.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (45:52.08)
Huh.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (45:55.36)
One time, the British had really besieged us and my people were hungry.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (46:06.554)
That was the first and only time I thought of, well, I can't watch everybody die of starvation. For a second, maybe we surrender. But I knew that these people were wicked people. And my ancestor said, go to sleep. Sometimes when you have too much going on in your head, go to sleep.

Adesoji Iginla (46:32.15)
sleepier.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (46:34.67)
and in the, yes, chromatite, there you go. And so as I slept, I woke up in the morning. I went to a higher side of the mountain.

spending time with my god and my ancestors.

I put my hand in this little thing I tied around my waist. had to put my hand in there and I felt some seeds. I pulled the seeds out. They were pumpkin seeds. I was planted right there and there.

Adesoji Iginla (47:11.118)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (47:16.57)
I planted that seed. By that day, the seed was growing. Within a week, the whole hill was covered with pumpkin. My people could eat and my people could live.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (47:31.972)
Yes. and that is why I am the queen of the pumpkin planters. Those pumpkin fields, never run out of food.

Adesoji Iginla (47:32.374)
So that's how Jamaica became famous for pumpkin seeds.

Adesoji Iginla (47:39.907)
Hmm.

Adesoji Iginla (47:45.838)
Wow.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (47:47.44)
So, like I said, there's a stupid man, Captain William Cuffee, known as Captain Sambo, what a perfect name, who took credit for killing me in 1733 during one of our many bloody engagements.

Remember that first maroon war started in 1720 and we fought it until 1739 and let me tell you when I tell you we showed them Pepe. The white plantation owners were running from that side of Jamaica.

Adesoji Iginla (48:32.533)
untamed side they called it.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (48:32.722)
We, we put out the message that other people could beat Britain. Because at that time in the world, British had the most powerful army in the world. But here you have people that you called wild savages. Some of them led by a woman.

And you are fighting from 1720 with all of your ammunition to 1739. You can't get rid of us. We should have continued that fight. My brother should never have signed that treaty. Can you imagine now we were capturing our own brothers and sisters and returning them to the white men to abuse them?

Adesoji Iginla (49:10.814)
Sanders treaties.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (49:22.362)
That is this whole divide and conquer. We now learn not to trust ourselves. When you see each other, you don't know, is this one who was going to harbour me or is this one who was going to betray me? And somehow you buy into a notion that you could possibly ever be safe when your safety is dependent on betraying those who look like you. How?

Adesoji Iginla (49:28.024)
Mmm.

Adesoji Iginla (49:55.758)
So you gain one enemy that you're sure of, but the other enemy you're actually beside them, but they know they can't even trust you. So you've lost both ways.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (49:55.834)
But think about it, how are we still doing that today?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (50:11.928)
And what that does is makes us very weak because we can't unify. And if we can't unify, then they can always oppress us.

Adesoji Iginla (50:15.566)
Hmm

Adesoji Iginla (50:24.12)
So we're looking at the likes of Baron Danos.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (50:25.99)
And you are actually looking to them for protection.

Yes, that is why for those of you in America, will see my people will call them buffoons. You will see these buffoons in the so-called White House kicking and laughing and licking the boots of a person who does not even see their humanity. But it didn't start today. And it won't end tomorrow if we won't learn our lessons.

I was not happy with Kual, but what had been done had been done. We did eventually get our land. So in 1976, I was elevated in their minds to one of the national heroes of Jamaica. There are seven.

Adesoji Iginla (51:15.106)
Hmm.

Adesoji Iginla (51:25.506)
Heroes of Jamaica.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (51:30.946)
and for them who had forgotten that they all come from a woman, they had to be convinced that at least one woman should be one of those seven heroes. But remember this though.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (51:46.862)
In the United States of America, do they ever call a founding mother?

Adesoji Iginla (51:54.968)
Yeah,

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (51:55.088)
Do they ever talk about hero, a heroine? Do they? No, it's founding fathers. Till today, today in Jamaica, we have a female prime minister, but America, you're still rejecting your women.

Adesoji Iginla (51:59.816)
Founding fathers

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (52:14.764)
Is there a woman on any money in the United States of America?

Adesoji Iginla (52:22.867)
Harry Tarban was at one point slated to be on there, but we know in light of

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (52:30.013)
Slate that I believe we're now it's now maybe going to 2030 if if if If there's still an America a United States of America and if the

Adesoji Iginla (52:43.15)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (52:47.522)
offspring of the same brutes that I fought in the mountains of Jamaica do not completely take over. Maybe you have Harriet Tubman, who is a kindred spirit of mine. So at least Jamaica embraces some of that matrilineal history, respects women to a certain degree. And yes,

It was Connell CLG Harris, who was an inhabitant of Moortown. He knows that they are now called the Moortown Maroons. These were the Nanny Town Maroons, who are now known as the Moortown Maroons. He made a forceful presentation to the Senate in 1970, asking then Prime Minister Michael Manley to order cultural and historical research on me.

Adesoji Iginla (53:30.766)
we'll see.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (53:47.524)
This research was then spearheaded by Professor Kamau Brethwaite, who was a reader at the University of the West Indies, Mona. And his research and findings finally convinced them that I was not just a figment of imagination. How am I a figment of imagination when even the British Annals tell you that they gave land, they give land to the mist?

Adesoji Iginla (53:55.48)
this.

Adesoji Iginla (54:05.07)
You

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (54:11.878)
It says they gave land to me and my people. That was 1740. That's also why you know that the person who claimed that they killed me in 1733 was lying.

Adesoji Iginla (54:12.564)
No.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (54:22.346)
Anyway, now that someone else who was educated validated my life as though all the oral histories don't count for anything.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (54:37.35)
Grandi Nani of the Windward Maroons became the seventh Jamaican to be conferred with the Order of National Hero.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (54:50.934)
and I have been given the title of Right Excellent. Today, a portrait which I've already told you is not of me.

Adesoji Iginla (55:04.206)
What is your under money?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (55:04.39)
Yes, it appears on the Jamaican 500 notes, but I tell you what, every child in Jamaica has to learn about all the seven heroes. And so they learn about me. What else can I tell you?

Adesoji Iginla (55:22.158)
Could you a bit into the spiritual aspect, which I think oftentimes than not is missed out when we're Africans and Africans of African descent, because I think the center is often of just a person. That element of the spirituality is often just a bit part of that person rather than

their wholeness because in underscoring who she was, you said we learn from nature, we learn to cohabit with animals. And as a result, that comes from somewhere. Could you speak more to that?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (56:13.37)
You people like to take very simple things and make them so complex that they confound you. Listen, if you ever in a strange place and you're trying to figure out what you can eat.

Adesoji Iginla (56:23.478)
It's our education.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (56:37.68)
Just sit back and watch to see what are the birds eating? What are the other animals eating? The thing that they stay away from, you stay away from too.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (56:52.646)
So when we talk about this spiritual aspect.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (57:02.318)
It's not magic. It requires stillness.

You people, you people don't like stillness. You like to have.

everywhere noise noise noise noise everything so scatter scatter everything but when you're quiet

Adesoji Iginla (57:20.494)
You

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (57:25.648)
When you're quiet, you can smell rain coming.

Adesoji Iginla (57:32.526)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (57:36.986)
Ask your elders. You can, you can, and you say, rain is coming and the clouds are not there, but you can smell it coming. There are signs and wonders. What are your scientists doing now with the telescope and this and this and that and that? The thing that they need all of these things to see, we see when you're quiet.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (58:05.284)
You follow the sun. You understand which side is east. You understand which side is west. You understand which side is north. You look at the trees.

however they're moving you know this is the way the wind is blowing

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (58:26.138)
The God that created the universe and everything that we can't see, that is the spiritual force that we're trying to connect with. That is the whole spirituality. You don't make that connection if you're not quiet. It's not the singing and all of that, although music has its place.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (58:50.576)
Music has its place, but there's a time for everything. know, if you go and watch some traditional, what they now call masquerade dances, they will move like the animal. They will mimic. When you do that, now in psychology, they call it neuro-linguistic programming.

Adesoji Iginla (59:17.134)
Yep.

Thanks

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (59:20.74)
that you can actually mimic a thing, take on even its mannerisms or breathing and everything, and you can now control that thing, or vice versa.

So we take what is simple that just requires quiet things that even babies understand. And we acquire this knowledge that separates us from God, from creation. We eat things that do not feed us, that actually poison us.

Yes, we used tobacco. I didn't bring my pipe, but I do have some of my herbs here. And we understood that anything we were dealing with, there was medicine for it. And we applied those things. We used that knowledge. So a lot of the myth making or whatever stories that they would tell.

What set me apart, what will set any of us apart and what will bring us all together is learning to be quiet again, to pay attention, to look with the eyes of a child, not as in naivete, but as in purity.

Adesoji Iginla (01:00:36.504)
Mm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:00:56.42)
where you don't make things more complex than they are.

Adesoji Iginla (01:01:05.377)
yes yes yes and any i mean you've just given us a very profound

thoughts to play with. But what would be your abiding thought for us to go with or call to action as it were in light of the times we live in, all over the world that is?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:01:39.93)
What we have done before, we can do again.

Did you hear me? What we have done before, we can do again. There are people right now trying to strike fear within us. You know what they're doing? They're using a tactic against us. I told you we use psychological warfare.

Adesoji Iginla (01:01:46.114)
Yes, I do.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:02:04.538)
That is what they're using against us. So every day you people turn on that thing you turn on or your little things you carry you and they tell you this person has done this again or this person has come with another rule or this and every time you read it, fear grips your heart.

And then you start running around like you don't know who you are. my God. my God. What to do, what to do. did. So they've already won psychologically because they have so confused you and they have got you to believe in your inferiority that you really have no hope. You have to know who you are. You have to know your history. You have to keep that hope.

Adesoji Iginla (01:02:42.67)
Mmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:02:51.556)
Because what we've done, we've defeated these people before. will defeat them. Listen, how many years have we lived and how many have they, how long have they been in power compared to how long we were in power? Let us not get confused. It's like when you find out these people, they're like 10 % of the whole world.

But they put stuff everywhere and make you think that they are the majority. And then you start, what do you people call yourselves? Some of you, you call yourselves minority. Imagine. Imagine that they convinced you to call yourself a minor thing. It's a psychological war.

Adesoji Iginla (01:03:30.808)
So I might marry too, yeah.

Hmm. Hmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:03:37.802)
So what is my abiding message? You have to heal yourself.

We got, we have to get strong in body, in mind and spirit. What are you eating? How do you get quiet? When was the last time you were in nature?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:04:01.464)
Start their healing. When was the last time you just sat down with an elder and just let them talk, even if they tell you the same story? You know how some old people will tell you the same story, but if you listen, there are always some little variations each time they tell the story. So keep listening. What is my abiding message? These people want your death. There's no.

Adesoji Iginla (01:04:14.454)
You

Yeah. Yeah.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:04:30.47)
Call me whatever, what do I care what you call me? They want your death. Play around with them and you will die. Some of you, because what I know about my ancestors is we are like seeds. When you bury us, we will grow. We will not die.

Understand that first maroon war 1728 to 1740 the American Revolution did not come till 1775. We are the ones who taught them oh the British can be killed. They can be overcome. The French Revolution didn't start till 1789.

and the Haitian Revolution not till 1791 and we know that the Haitian Revolution galvanized a lot of Africans who were in America in the United States of America to also rebel. We are all connected but what we've done before we can do again but you must get your body strong. So

I will give you some time, some places you can go and read more about me. Any book on the maroon, sometimes they'll mention me, sometimes they won't. White people like to write about me and they don't even know what they're talking about. One of the most famous books about me written by a woman who was getting her PhD and she found my name and she decided to get famous using my name, white woman.

Adesoji Iginla (01:05:43.297)
Alright.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:05:55.076)
God bless her because at least the story is still out there. It's called The Mother of Us All, A History of Queen Nani, Leader of the Windward Jamaican Maroons by Carla Goats. Yep, something like that. Then there's Queen of Freedom by Katherine Johnson. There's Nani's Asapho Warriors, The Jamaican Maroons African Experience by Werner Zips. There's this one which, my God, what a waste of your money.

Adesoji Iginla (01:05:58.658)
Mm-hmm.

Adesoji Iginla (01:06:04.994)
God live.

Adesoji Iginla (01:06:08.599)
You

Adesoji Iginla (01:06:13.848)
Mm-hmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:06:22.278)
90s war to destroy slavery a new look at the African Jamaican experience you in the first maroon war I need to check to see when this no, so this was written before chat GPT But my goodness, it looks like he took four ideas and then he just kept repeating them and repeating them and repeating them Here's another one Very poorly written as well

Adesoji Iginla (01:06:22.37)
Yeah, yeah.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:06:50.508)
ancient African warrior queens for real life stories of Africa's brave warrior queens, but all of these are entry points and what it also says is

Adesoji Iginla (01:06:59.852)
Yeah breadcrumbs yeah

there is a job to be done.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:07:05.734)
Thank you. I can't get too upset at the white people who always look for a way to capitalize on us, especially if we won't do the work.

Adesoji Iginla (01:07:09.518)
You

Adesoji Iginla (01:07:15.22)
Mm hmm. I mean, if, if three, I mean, to buttress your point, if three or four people were to come together and say, listen, we're going to take aspects of Queen Nanny's life and we're going to write about it and bring it together and put it in a book form. That's that job done. And again, that's still an entry point because just because you've covered four parts doesn't mean you've covered the entire

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:07:17.518)
So that's all I have to say.

Adesoji Iginla (01:07:43.662)
scope of who the person is, but it's a continuous work. mean, speaking with regards to Winston Churchill has been dead now for God knows how long. No, no, no, I'm just sort of giving you an understanding. Like, here is someone that we would find very abhorrent, but they continue to write books about them, even if it's just the fact that he likes his drink.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:07:55.014)
Winston Churchill.

Adesoji Iginla (01:08:13.39)
Even if it's just the fact that he likes his pipe, they will write a book about it. So what they're doing is they're cementing that legacy in your mind, regardless of what you think, you're still going to have that name reverberating in your head. So again, we can do the same thing. And we're not talking about just one person, there are multiple of people. Speaking of doing the same thing, next week,

we're going to be looking at the life and times of Claudia Jones.

Yes.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:08:51.206)
These are all my daughters They are all my daughters All these women who resist and those of you who right now are doing the work to resist I will leave you with the words of Elder Isaac Bernard who is still alive Talking about the chromatology language if you will and he says

Adesoji Iginla (01:09:02.382)
Mm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:09:22.0)
Shamu, Shamu, Yatu. Let me not say too much. But this one here, this Queen Nani, she's a young Kumkum Sasi.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:09:36.792)
other words, I was chosen by God and so so have we all if we embrace it.

Adesoji Iginla (01:09:41.326)
Hmm

Adesoji Iginla (01:09:48.28)
Thank you very much. And again, we've come to the end of another episode. This one was Queen Nanny, Mother of the Maroons. We've learned so much from Sister Aya with regards to her life, her unique perspective on things, and essentially the fact that we have to claim our narratives. We can't leave them to

gatekeepers as they were because they won't do justice to our narratives. do join us next week as we'll be looking at the life of, like I said, Claudia Jones, another daughter of the Caribbean. And she will also, you know, let me save it for next week. Sister Aya.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:10:42.008)
And of course, because everybody needs to be liking and sharing. No, seriously. I wish I could like immediately take this acrylic paint off my face. But seriously, again, the goal with all of this was to bring our stories alive and to get us to think a little bit more deeply about what's happened in the past, what the connections are, what we need to be doing today, because we all could be doing something, should be doing something. And so please like, share all the things.

Adesoji Iginla (01:10:50.062)
you

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:11:11.83)
Leave comments, let us know. Let us know what's working and what isn't. And get your machete!

Adesoji Iginla (01:11:15.21)
Everywhere.

Adesoji Iginla (01:11:20.739)
Bye!

Adesoji Iginla (01:11:24.995)
You

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:11:26.822)
And your cell phone.

Adesoji Iginla (01:11:30.54)
Yeah, your model cell phone. Which brand is that actually?

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:11:36.422)
It's called it's called the OB yeah Not actually it's called and they call it a bang of course Different groups use this in different ways and their ways that they open it and all of this. It's also used to drink from wine It's multifaceted, you know what?

Adesoji Iginla (01:11:39.736)
yeah.

Adesoji Iginla (01:11:46.488)
Mm-hmm.

Adesoji Iginla (01:11:51.022)
Yeah, Yeah, the the Eurobuzz use the Eurobuzz use, they call it the outsource call it kaka key, the Eurobuzz call it. What's my god, look at me. Drawing a blank now. But essentially what they do is, yeah, I mean, my my grandmother will be rolling in a grid right now. So essentially what they do is, you know, stand on top of a hill and you know, blow air through it and

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:12:06.758)
Your people will come and get you.

Adesoji Iginla (01:12:21.602)
based on the intensity of the blowing, you know that information is important for you to listen to. So.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:12:28.614)
I mean, in my hometown, there's still people, I'm not quite kidding, there's still people who can beat a drum and people can interpret. In fact, there was a book that I found. I'll need someone to help me go through it, but that depending on how they beat it, the timber, all of that.

Adesoji Iginla (01:12:35.15)
Mm-hmm.

Aya Fubara Eneli, Esq. (01:12:46.06)
someone else can interpret what is being said and then can beat and also send a message back and imagine someone who's writing about it as like in the middle of the night these knucklehead Africans were just beating drums and keeping everybody awake and not even understanding that the whole time we were sending critical message to each other. We really need to get back to that. Thank you Angie. Thanks Sandra. Thanks Lorna. Thank you all for watching.

Adesoji Iginla (01:13:05.573)
Mm. Mm. Mm.

Adesoji Iginla (01:13:10.36)
Thank you all for watching and again, good night everyone.