Health@Davos: Climate Change and Health Public Private Partnerships

Welcome to the unDavos Summit - A community-organized series of interactive panels, talks, and networking taking place in Davos, Switzerland - and online - in parallel to the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting 20-24 Jan 2025. Our mission is threefold: 
• Democratizing Davos: We open the doors to diverse voices and ideas, breaking down traditional barriers to participation. 
• Humanizing Davos: We foster genuine, relationship-driven connections that go beyond transactional networking. 
• Bringing Action to Davos: We turn meaningful discussions into tangible, real-world solutions.

Join us for Health@Davos 2025, themed "Resilience and Innovation: Future-Proofing Global Health Systems." This dynamic event will take place on January 22, 2025, at the Mountain Platz Hotel in Davos. Our panel discussion on "Climate Change and Health Public-Private Partnerships" will delve into the critical intersection of health and climate, focusing on sustainable solutions for underserved regions.

Our esteemed panelists include:

- Dr. Joneigh S. Khaldun, President & CEO, Public Health Accreditation Board
- Dr. Craig Spencer, Emergency Medicine Physician, Brown University School of Public Health
- Robert Metzke, Global Head of Sustainability, Philips
- Dr. John Q. Young, Senior VP for Behavioral Health, Northwell Health
- Tisha Boatman, Global Lead for Healthcare Access, Siemens Healthineers
- Dustin Ross, Founder & CEO, Sunflower Network
- His Excellency Dr. Mohamed Irfaan Ali, President of Guyana
- Professor José Manuel Barroso, Chair, Gavi; former Prime Minister of Portugal
- Dr. Megan Greenfield, Partner, McKinsey and WEF YGL
- Daniella Foster, Senior VP, Bayer Consumer Health
- Anil Soni, CEO, WHO Foundation
- Dr. Timothy Ferris, President of Red Cell’s Healthcare Practice
- Dr. Beatrice Vetter, Director of NCDs, FIND
- Dr. Pascal M. Golec, Co-Founder, Heights Health

The panel, moderated by Matthew R. Kittay, Co-Chair, Fox Rothschild’s M&A Practice, will explore sustainable healthcare practices, highlight investment opportunities, and forge collaborative paths for tackling climate-related health challenges.

For more details and to engage further, we invite you to click here for collaboration opportunities for unDavos 2026: 
For unDavos 2026 Sponsorship & Partnerships: Exclusive collaboration opportunities: Contact Mark here: https://bit.ly/417TrB9

Explore related YouTube sessions: [Playlist Link] 
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Transcript

(00:08) um my name is Andrea F and I'm the CEO of the health Finance Institute and we're one of the co-sponsors of of Health at Davos which is now running for the third year in a row it started um with Eric uh Toy Pena and myself jumping on the opportunity to partner with and Davos um on a group chat I think it was January 9th 3 years ago and like who wants to run a health panel like we are going to run a health panel and we did and it was packed it was on Health Equity and this year Eric has gotten so famous that the queen of Belgium
(00:40) requested his presence at the Congress Center so um we're we're we're standing in here for him so um but he has done really great work and has gotten the recognition of the schwap fellowship this year um that we're so proud of him and um few more words about the health Finance Institute we have 501c3 organization in in in in DC we focus a lot L on the economic making the economic case for investing in health particularly for underserved conditions such as chronic diseases and in in low and middle-income countries and we also
(01:10) help build Blended Finance structures so we give a lot of technical assistance on that and um and we believe in the power of Partnerships and so I'm very very honored to have a very uh an amazing panel of of Health leaders um uh here to talk about uh climate change and health and the power of public private Partnerships and the need for financing um so there was a study that just came out uh that the world economic Forum um talked about that if we W invested more in health we would again stand to save more than 5 trillion
(01:46) dollars and we could save um um over six million lives um and that there is currently an underinvestment in both climate and health and that less than less than 1% of financing and public private Partnerships goes to actually climate and Health Solutions so we have a huge gap to address so but I'm not the expert here so I will introduce uh I will take a second to introduce my my fellow panelists and one of them is um stuck in traffic but she's on her way um dav's traffic can be quite painful so um apologies about that so the first
(02:23) panelist to my left is um Maron Sakaya um and you have an illustrious career and accomplishment in um in in global Health you're gab's chief resource and mobilization and growth officer um and you have helped Gabi mobilize over $18 billion dollar the numbers probably a lot higher and you're really um a leader in in Blended finance and Global and public private Partnerships so thank you so much for joining our panel today um and so my first question uh for you is um and I'm going to go to my script because I don't want to throw you
(03:03) off so you know I I I I try to be fair um so from your experience um with Gabi and other Global initiatives what what lessons have you learned um to to successfully uh uh accomplish public private Partnerships in health and health financing and how do you apply these in climate and health can you hear me okay perfect well really delighted to be here and uh to be seeing so many faces and some of them familiar and some of them new um I think it's really uh of course the um the lessons of public private partnership and how
(03:52) they apply to to different uh sectors in particular climate are are quite um interesting because you can see that there's a lot of similarity between uh you know actually what you see happening in infectious diseases and and the type of extreme events or the unpredictability sometime that you see in climate and and of course you can draw a lot on this but starting first on on the public private partnership I think uh I think the lessons in climate uh are you know can can can be uh really um um impressive because in a sense and I think we all
(04:37) see it climate climate is everybody's business it's not just one siloed sector and and in and that's why actually you are all here we come from different walks of uh of life or or businesses and and and we experience it differently so it's really by bringing uh you know communities uh different people together different um stakeholders that you can actually try to find Solutions um so in gavi this has been uh uh really uh um important for us because it has really helped us drive results in a sense that acknowledging that what's
(05:19) happening in health is dependent on you know for example having affordable uh vaccines but also having the right Logistics transport ation so it's just not a matter of of health and I think it's the same for for climate so uh this ecosystem and bringing uh various um world together is very important and I think that's why I was very interesting to be here today because the climate and health Nexus and is great we see now growing it's fair that a while back uh the the two world we are meeting separately and more and
(05:56) more and under the the leadership of many of you in this room now for example at the cup there there's a dedicated day and now we see people talk more about it so so it's there I think now it's really focusing on what we want to to achieve uh having the the the the right uh businesses the the right way of doing things when I I bring it to uh to finance for example there are so many things that can be applied from um from Health Finance now especially Blended finance that you can apply to uh uh to to to climate because as I said one of
(06:33) the the the many things I'm not a health expert you know I came to gavy actually having worked uh in development in many different sectors in infrastructure in oil and gas and actually these are really there that I learned the the techniques that I've tried to apply in gav health and and and um and and in a sense what you want especially in a sector where you have unpredictability you want to be able to bring a regular stream of Finance but that that stream of Finance can help you also do search financing uh change your your your you
(07:09) know your assumptions when when the extreme weather happens so that you know in gavy we have what we call vaccine bond that we we use instrument that allow us to have 20y year visibility in terms of financing so of course when the outbreaks happen then you can go to the Capital Market immediately get the money you don't have to go and turn and go to Sovereign donors and and you know and go through a ly process is clearly something that that can benefit climate Finance but but most importantly I think what I would say and why is so
(07:44) interesting is that you know we coming back to my first point and saying that we come to climate in different ways um actually what we have we have seen more and more and and we have now the data and uh that that are being produced I think that there was a who report published last year showing actually how immunization can actually help protect uh People's Health in in um uh with you know against climate sensitive diseases we actually have in our portfolio uh vaccines um half of our portfolio is for vaccine for climate
(08:24) sensitive diseases because actually with climate you have Vector spreading and the good thing and you know we talk a lot about things we don't have the good things that we have vaccines for it but it's about making them more available you know you all heard about cholera outbreaks it's definitely a direct link to uh to uh to climate change you see now D is spreading I was this summer in Italy and there was D this is you know uh definitely linked to uh to climate so we have vaccines malaria um so in a sense we we do have these products and
(08:59) and that's also um another way of of you know looking to uh to support the sector so um I'll stop there for for the time being but just to to leave you with that so that actually immunization is actually um a climate adaptation measure and and if anything I think it's very important to take it away and of course with it come uh some of the the the Blended Finance structures that that are directly applicable to to to climate thank you so much for for highlighting this both important work and the Nexus between um
(09:37) climate and health and the challenge that we have even more so to to address these um these issues um and um while I would love to dive into uh the Techni technicalities of Blended Finance instruments here um I I I would um like to express a warm welcome to Anil Sony um who is the CEO of the World Health um organization Foundation who Foundation um and just to mention some of your some of your many accolades you know being the CEO of the Clinton Health Access initiative having your fingerprints on the formation and and and the growth of
(10:12) the global fund as well as many other um um uh Global Health initiatives um you're now uh leading uh the who foundation and I just want to mention to you that while you weren't in this room W has been in this room since the beginning um of of today's event where we said and highlighted many of the critical functions that who has and continues to have and needs to have so we would just want to say that um we're you know we're um deeply appreciative of of the work and also um aware of the challenges so I I know that you probably
(10:50) get asked this question a lot but on on the on the heels of you know the announcement of the um executive order of the uh the intent of of the US leaving um The Who what does this mean for you and what does this mean for climate and health and feel free to go into any you know what w Foundation does how you approach this or any aspects of of the answer to his questions sure so um thanks for the good wishes and I think what's most critical In This Moment is to ensure that we are uh providing and amplifying accurate
(11:31) information about the World Health Organization and our Global Health ecosystem um because so many of the concerns that are behind recent decisions are uh based on inaccuracies um so so that's a lot of what we are doing this week right is talking about the work of the who openly um I'm just coming from an event in which uh we featured a partnership with Tik Tock and social media and technology companies are talking about how they need who because if you go online the way people seek the the health seeking behavior that where they seek health
(12:09) information it's not you call a doctor anymore you go online and so those companies need to work with who to make sure that there's accurate information um it's very I was at a dinner last night with the chair of a pharmaceutical company who said we need who because in order for us to sell our products overseas or for gab to supply many of their vaccines you need the guidelines and the regulatory function of wh in fact gab is a major investor in uh wh that alignment of interests between the work of a technical
(12:43) agency and not just governments and the citizens that those governments represent and have an obligation to protect but also with philanthropy and business that alignment of interest is what I'm talking about this week quite a bit um if there is a major reduction of funding and international organizations have had to experience that um uh recently Oda retraction is not only about Monday's executive orders uh but if there is such a magnitude of reduction that will require adaptation and that's going to be really
(13:14) challenging so I don't want to diminish the impact uh of that reduction and it will require that we focus on programs that have highest impact um and climate and health is one of those areas The Who last year year adopted a 4-year strategy um for 2025 through 2028 and had an investment round that was supported um by the Brazilian presidency of the G20 which is now moving to South Africa uh and they confirmed roughly eight billion of its 11 billion four-year budget and in that money which by the way is not a
(13:49) lot I mean if Eric was here he would tell you the budget of a hospital in New York can be just as big uh annually as the Entire World Health Organization so even though a be don't think of it as as more than it is actually in the health sector because you know well Andrea that um we're talking about spending in the trillions um but a huge aspect of that strategy is climate and it's not a department it's not a small initiative it's not well we're working on climate and health in Malawi but not Tanzania it's actually saying climate is the
(14:20) greatest threat to human health in the 21st century and as Maran said so much of what we're already doing is related to climate change and so whether it's Health emergencies and how do we prepare for and respond to them whether it's how do you uh enable new innovations that can help uh Advance climate resilience whether it's how do you take the research on climate mitigation and adaptation and turn that into evidence and policy and therefore uh action um or how do you even bring in new sectors I've spoken a lot over the last two days
(14:55) about the insurance industry um insurance is a form of capital and it's not available able in low and middle inome countries I'm quite Keen to say how can the World Health Organization Turn Insurance products related to climate into a global Health good just like a drug or a diagnostic or a vaccine and the who embracing that and turning that into guidelines can be critically important to mobilizing capital for climate and health and also uh to being a critical partner to Industry so the work of the so I say all of this from
(15:26) not from a mindset of scarcity but from a mindset of abundance um the last thing I'll say uh sorry I've gone on so long is many of us in the global health and development Community are are challenged um right now and again it's not just about this week and it's not just about the United States this is a tough time for us and and we're coming out of almost a 20-year Renaissance but I do want to hold on to hope and I want to remind everyone because it's ultimately what inspires us how much has been achieved I was in a
(15:56) room last night that had pictures of uh people on the moon Moon um I'm going to say people even though it's only been men and it should be women in the future but U people on the moon uh and and I was reminded right of of that in the 1960s Humanity did something that that we didn't think possible we then in the 70s we eliminated uh small poox um in the last 20 years a billion vaccinations have been delivered childhood mortality has been reduced by 50% 65 million people's lives have been saved uh that would otherwise have been lost to AIDS
(16:29) TB in malaria we should be proud and inspired and mobilized and energized by that success um can we maintain that success with less resources of course we can that's what Innovation is innovation is about efficiency um and the technologies that are becoming available today should allow for that but absolutely we need uh continued investment so you know whether it's Maran raising for gab or me raising for who we have to keep focused on what we've achieved how good of an investment it is and how that investment needs to
(17:03) be across sectors thank you so much for this um um really um reflective answer and also um the the hope and and and and and showing you know look coming from a place of abundance and you mentioned that um climate climate change poses the largest risk for health and Mar you mentioned um the issue of misinformation and disinformation um and I think when it comes to vaccine means when it comes to the acceptance of climate change when it comes to understanding what mulis multilateralism actually can um uh hold in terms of a positive impact for
(17:42) Humanity we have so much work to do and we also need so much more data for the intersection for climate and health to act so taking all this you know taking the risks of um misinformation disinformation the risk on health both on infectious and non-communicable diseases the climate change poses but then the opportunity of Partnerships that you've seen work what are some of the you know looking forward what are some of the things that you can see work in in this environment of Contracting financing for for international Global Health yeah um
(18:18) I have to say I'm I'm by Nature an optimistic person but I I I do um like an say I I do think that there is actually um a real opportunity here um I I think uh what matters and what I've seen work and as I've said you know I've not just worked in health I've worked in a lot of different sectors um from airline to Telecom to oil and gas to uh and you know in emerging markets and always this public private Partnerships is really um it goes back to the data and measuring impact that's very important uh and and actually now and
(19:05) talking about Innovation we have the opportunity to to do this so much more uh you know uh to do this so much more and better uh with some of the new technologies to gather information to to be really uh laser focused on on the intervention and and be able to show so so that works you know um uh you know uh when and Anil mentioned it you know in 20 year existence we have been able to vaccinate 1 billion children and the case we are making forward now is you know now basically we can do uh double that impact in half the
(19:48) time and we have the figures to show it and it's through Innovation and existing Innovation I'm not talking about new things and this we can prove so you know and and I think when you can be that tangible even the most reluctant that they have to stop and think you know so um definitely so that's very important this return on investment bringing it to tangible things but also bringing it to um to your point on misinformation also uh um having a real time and and live uh expertise also and from the ground from
(20:30) the country uh people will believe someone in a country that has talked about this rather than something that seems so um so that's that's quite important in in the in the case that we you know we make and in the case you can make for for climate change um and of course they need to hear about the impact for them you know that that's very important we are all about this you know I think it's uh uh you know it's not making people guilty for for things that may be happening somewhere else but it's how um you know the accountability the mutual
(21:11) accountability that works I've seen it work in all the time you know uh and and and that's very important so I think the the same can apply also to uh uh to climate of course and and the other opportunity that I see apart from from innovation um and I think there I would say in Innovation is that a lot of the countries we work in and of course gab we work a lot with low-income countries um they are actually uh much much much eager sometime than uh the count some of the countries um you know more developed countries that have invested in past
(21:52) infrastructure and of course it's difficult to let it go because they have nothing to lose you know I always give this example uh um you know we we started a few years back in gavi delivery of vaccine by drone and and I remember when I I started it with with MOS people really thought we were crazy had never been done and now we deliver vaccine 247 is half the cost that would it cost through normal technology and now we are doing it in in you know spreading in other in other countries because they come and and there was
(22:29) reverse technology then the technology was brought back in the US and now it's being done to Walmart and so on but I mean that's real and there are so many because countries are ready and so I think that's the opp you don't just look you can on one side of the pond right because there also who the end users that need it and is ready to to buy into it thank you so much for these super powerful examples and again I wish um all of you so for those of you haven't been here earlier these were points that were made on earlier panels as well
(23:02) right that we really have we can learn globally and not just you know the knowledge transfer from North to the South and about the speed and acceleration of not just Innovation but also impact right so um from the vantage point of the who foundation and the work that you have to do in ter terms of building public private Partnerships and making the investment case for climate and health and health Investments what are what are some of your what is your future outlook and and some of the positive developments that you can see
(23:32) in this space or your hopes around financing well I I think um so a couple of things one uh the Technologies are uh powerful and and I think they will help change the investment case um I didn't know until Maran just said that drone delivery is actually half the cost that's spectacular um I'm just coming from a session in which we're talking about how do we use digital platforms to uh promote health information online I'm a parent and so I often think about the harms of of social media but it's a technology that can both harm and help
(24:10) and so if you think about how those Technologies can make the delivery of health information particularly for mental well-being that much more efficient that's incredible um how you can take a limited number of healthcare workers I was on a panel with a psychologist we don't have enough mental health professionals in low and middle- inome countries how do we amplify their voices that's incredible um so I think there is a lot of opportunity to leverage technology to ensure that we can deliver Health more efficiently um and I think that's part
(24:43) of the investment case so I think uh to put it simply I think the math is getting better not worse um but we still have to make that case I think the the second point that I would make is that I think there's the um opport um as Marie JN was just saying and I'm going to call out an old friend Josh here because I was just visiting him in kagali um the human capital in low and middle inome countries is spectacular um when I was in kagali I visited uh someone who Josh introduced me to Nick Hugh who went from zipline to
(25:19) then uh do some incredible Health Care work I visited a Command Center in which uh his team which was all Rondon were monitoring live um supply chain in clinics and so they could immediately diagnose when there was a power outage or how to make sure that they're responding to a problem that wasn't designed by an American who then went and set it up at a high cost in kagali that was designed by people in Rwanda and so I think it's incredibly important not just from this frankly patronizing Colonial attitude to say Hey how do we
(25:53) work with the people in these countries but how do we actually acknowledge that some of the Innovation is coming from there and how do we follow their lead that to me is incredibly exciting and by the way it improves the the math and then the third part because both of the two things that I just said are how do you improve the math but you still need the capital and I think the third piece and this is incredibly uh important I think I've said that about everything I've said so apologies but equally important um is that we need more
(26:19) diverse forms of capital um and I'll use that to uh say thank you to Daniela and her colleagues at Bear part of what we need to do is make sure that the investments in these Global health programs are seen as that it's not charity it's not CSR but that we can invest in these programs and organizations because we've aligned with a business interest we can do what Maran has done at Gabi what the frankly other organizations have not yet caught up on but in addition to being the CEO of the wh Foundation I'm a proud board member
(26:55) of met access you can use Capital creatively um and you can uh call on Capital from a wider set of sources so the math is getting better because of innovation where Innovation is and the nature of technology and the uh sources of capital and how we use Capital there are uh tremendous opportunities there as well that's what I see in the future thank you so much Anil um so different colors of capital and um the power of public private Partnerships and so we um had danela fosta join us um she was stuck because we had to make uh I think you
(27:32) had to make space for for clous is that yes yes it a very very active very active Davos moment here with lots of cardio so I just got an amazing workout I'll tell you that much and this is a hill wo um I also like I don't know how tight your schedule is if uh so Anil so we're playing musical chairs here Anil thank you so much for joining us but we will have danela talk to us for a couple minutes so first of all just give a round of applause and all the best in your journey um danela thank you so much for joining us you are the uh senior vice
(28:05) president of for Global um Partnerships and sustainability I got this wrong right now okay you're fine it's all good um and um but you also leads the uh World economic Forum group for climate and health and so I'm not going to ask the more difficult question about the current Outlook I'm going to ask you a question about what's your hope for the future around public private Partnerships for financing for climate and health yeah so I was actually just in previous meetings about this so I'll say a couple of things one I think like
(28:33) O'Neal mentioned at the heart of what we're trying to to do you need you need Capital you need Capital you need scale and you need partners and I think when we're talking about climate and health those are two areas that apply to everyone they are fundamental to our future and also they're going to require that cross- sectorally we work together so that means governments working with the private sector working with NGO um trying to work through this so what what I am optimistic about is against what can feel like a petty a pretty
(29:07) bleak Outlook sometimes especially if you're reading the news these days um I think being here at Davos has been really interesting and that this is one of the few places where you can talk about health climate Market access government private sector NGO all together in one place so I still remain um convicted and driven by the power of people I want to bring the people part back because there are so many smart Innovative creative people from around the world by the way that are committed to solving problems and this is what
(29:41) climate and health is going to take one of the other things that's going to take is the right Market Dynamic so I was just um talking about this before I came here and what that means is we got to get concrete around what the solutions are and to give you a few examples we've narrowed down the area areas for which climate and health is most relevant particularly from a sector perspective so I think one key important uh takeaway health is an outcome not just a sector it touches everyone so we often think ah okay Health you know climate and health
(30:16) only the health sector has to tackle it no we know the other sectors where this is most material that's agraculture where it's most material that's um Insurance where it's material it's the built environment all in addition to health so what we're looking at is how do you bring those together to Marshall the Innovative financing and Ne Neil was talking about that we need different financing mechanisms it needs to look different we're on the cusp of that as well I'm really encouraged by things like parametric insurance that that um
(30:47) now in particular when I think about small holder Farmers that don't have a year to wait if a disaster hits whether it's floods whether it's drought whether it's heat Etc so param Insurance uh is one really exciting area where um as a small holder farmer which by the way feed a third of the of the world and are often women um you can now get parametric insurance and if the heat if the temperature goes above a certain point you're immediately paid out that's really huge so we are developing Innovative Partnerships around this we
(31:20) have a partnership actually with Pula which is an insurance tech company to look at how do you get directly to Farmers especially small holders who are not insured how do you make it easy how do you make it accessible um we've been able to do this in places like Zimbabwe with 30,000 then it was scaled to through a network to a million and we'll have an announcement coming out probably in the next 24 hours to scale it to even more so there are innovative solutions it does take Capital it does take creativity and it takes people I I will
(31:52) say I cannot emphasize enough the power of people and human Ingenuity so so um that's what's giving me hope and that's where I see us forging the paths thank you for these amazing and Powerful examples I would love to ask some more questions but I've already been given the five minute sign so how tight are we do we have three minutes so to ask questions I'm looking who who am I we take two questions two questions and then great one two we we are live recording so if you could just tuck into that mic that would
(32:28) be great uh no problem my name is ingred Tyler I'm a Public Health Physician and chief medical health officer at Fraser Health which is a health authority in Canada serving 20 million people and uh I wanted to just I was surprised that the health co- benefits of climate action didn't come up in this talk and there's possibly lots of opportunity there to get small business and other capitalizing on those Health co- benefits so just for example local food is good for climate change active transportation is you know solves
(33:04) greenhouse gas problems and there's one more oh planet-based diets are recommended for reducing uh chronic uh CBD uh cardiovascular disease so I I really think that that's an area we don't spend nearly enough time in either as health Prof professionals who are interested in supporting climate change action and wanting to make a difference there but also in we I'm just surprised that we're not hearing more about the sort of business or innovation opportunities in that in that space that just has that two for one benefit so I
(33:40) love that you brought this up and and I'm going to tackle this so I sit on the we climate and health steering committee and we I had mentioned we've kind of done this analysis to look at what are the most relevant spaces agriculture exactly that is where I would also say um not only does it make sense and to your point it's everything from Lo local sourcing regenerative agriculture um thinking more holistically about up and down that supply chain how we change it there is tremendous opportunity there and also there are some really cool
(34:11) examples that are happening everything from um direct seed rice that we're working on uh that uses less methane less water it's a phenomenal solution so there's some Innovation that's happening there's also a role for things like local sourcing and and Partnerships and I'm also seeing some of that so I do think we need to expand that's why I made the comment about health is an outcome not a sector because when you do invest in these things you improve not only planet planetary Health but also the also the health of
(34:41) people we have time for one last question we had someone here in front already and um may I ask you just keep it very short hi uh my name is Robert Rober and I'm based here in Switzerland I was actually hoping that anel will be here for this question question but he ran away before I before I heard it now my question is about human capital and about competency of human capital I've heard we hear a lot about human capital particularly in developing countries and how there's a lot of potential there but you need competent human capital in
(35:15) order to be able to take advantage and maximize maximize uh the technology that's available now is it a case of in these countries that we have raw human capital that is is is not competent enough to take advantage of the technologies that are available and if that's the case then how do we upscale uh and make this Capital competent but is it otherwi or is it a case of we do have the competencies there but they just don't have the access to the Technologies perhaps because of money and then if that's the case then how do
(35:49) we then navigate that situation in order to give them the access that they need you want to take it one yeah no I think you know um that to my point earlier of really looking country by country now because the situation is different um um in a sense you have various scenarios I would say that for most of them they do actually have the competence is actually a knowhow a know how to develop and um I think you know we gave earlier the example of a few countries that have been able to do this by bringing also Partnerships with the
(36:29) private sector or different type of innovators um so uh this is definitely some of the things that we are looking at through some of our programs uh that that we have um but I I I really think that you have to look at as a a tailored situation by country but there is most of the time the the capital especially the the competence is sometime a matter of KN how and and that's why actually this public private partnership or private partnership with other private partnership in countries is important and and also the to the point that we
(37:07) made earlier and I'm glad that you reemphasize it danela earli um Anil and I made it earlier is really the different type of capital that bring with it also a different source of course of expertise um to your point about access to money uh because typically people are willing to invest it's having also the Horizon what is it about you know how are you going to reinvest what's the proof of concept and and uh you see actually that quite a few people are willing to do that and and I would just say I think there's I want to give an
(37:43) example of what one area where I think there is an X Factor that is helpful not only for climate and health but just for health period and that's community health workers so if we look at our health systems today it will take you know 20 60 many years to build all the infrastructure we need to support the needs of of healthcare and humans today we don't have time for that disaster and crisis and extreme events are hitting us now an X Factor in being able to deliver care um especially Last Mile care disaster care to those who need it where
(38:19) uh when they need it in real time is community health workers and by definition they are in the community they know the community they are trusted by the community that is essential so this is one of the areas that I'm looking at a lot and saying okay what are the gaps some of that is financing we need paid Community healthare workers not volunteer community healthcare workers they need to be paid for their service they need to be a core part of how we think about the future going forward whether it's universal
(38:47) healthcare or other aspects of healthare so a piece of this is finance a piece of this is upskilling a piece of this is policy and putting it into the continuums of care and there is a piece of this that is that is rethinking the way that we do this it's not always about breakthrough Innovation sometimes it's about practical and Last Mile um so just you know few thoughts on that yeah thank you thank you so much for these really insightful comments and really a wonderful panel and a very I'm engaged audience so give it up for the great
(39:17) panel [Applause]