WEBVTT 00:00:00.059 --> 00:00:01.364 That was a hard question, right? 00:00:01.364 --> 00:00:11.387 Yeah, yeah, royal leaned over to me and she said I don't think I have a favorite and I was like, well, it's kind of like your children. 00:00:11.387 --> 00:00:12.845 You know you love your children. 00:00:12.845 --> 00:00:16.963 You wouldn't say at least I don't know, maybe you would. 00:00:16.963 --> 00:00:21.125 I wouldn't say I love one of them more than I love another one, but you love them differently. 00:00:21.707 --> 00:00:28.342 Right, let's take our Bible and go to the book of Isaiah. 00:00:28.342 --> 00:00:42.348 We're on our journey along Route 66 and gotten ourselves to Isaiah and, because of the way our English Bible is arranged, we're entering into a long section of prophetic literature beginning with Isaiah, running all the way to Malachi. 00:00:42.348 --> 00:00:47.212 So several books will have somewhat of the same flavor. 00:00:47.212 --> 00:00:53.813 So tonight's message on Isaiah is going to be a little different than some of our other books that we've looked at. 00:00:53.813 --> 00:01:03.899 In over a month, or just over a month, we're going to launch into a Sunday morning series on the book of Isaiah, and so I'm going to give a more detailed overview of Isaiah. 00:01:03.899 --> 00:01:09.212 I think the last Sunday of September will be the launch of that study. 00:01:09.212 --> 00:01:10.926 That's the plan anyway. 00:01:10.926 --> 00:01:25.332 So tonight we're going to look at Isaiah, but only in relationship to the other prophetic books as a whole and as we go through this evening, I'm just going to ask and answer about five different questions. 00:01:25.332 --> 00:01:29.510 So if you're taking notes, it's going to be sort of a question answer format. 00:01:30.740 --> 00:01:32.629 First question is who were the prophets? 00:01:32.629 --> 00:01:39.754 As we enter into Isaiah working through Malachi in the Old Testament, who were these prophets? 00:01:39.754 --> 00:01:57.656 Well, the first thing we need to do is distinguish between the large number of people that are called prophets and even prophetesses in the Old Testament in comparison to a smaller number of prophets who have books assigned to their ministry. 00:01:57.656 --> 00:02:07.760 God gave to the people of Israel a number of people throughout their history who do not have books named after them. 00:02:07.760 --> 00:02:14.412 Talmudic literature and other rabbinic literature numbers them. 00:02:14.412 --> 00:02:25.093 Some say there's 46, I think in the Talmud says 48 prophets and they name them and they have criteria for why they name that many. 00:02:25.093 --> 00:02:30.673 And there's seven prophetesses and then there are seven prophets to the nations. 00:02:30.673 --> 00:02:38.031 We're not talking necessarily about that, but a number of people were called prophets. 00:02:38.031 --> 00:02:45.193 And then there are the books of the Old Testament and we call them prophets and we start here with the book of Isaiah. 00:02:45.193 --> 00:02:49.871 Part of this comes into how our Bibles are arranged. 00:02:49.871 --> 00:02:54.219 We know how our English Bible is arranged, particularly in the Old Testament. 00:02:54.219 --> 00:02:59.393 But we may not be as familiar with how the Old Testament is arranged in the Hebrew Bible. 00:02:59.393 --> 00:03:07.413 The Hebrew Bible is arranged in a three-part category, three-category breakdown. 00:03:08.441 --> 00:03:16.010 It's called the mikra, which means that which is written, and it also uses a term that you might have heard tanakh. 00:03:16.010 --> 00:03:18.225 Have you heard that term before? 00:03:18.225 --> 00:03:18.728 Tanakh? 00:03:18.728 --> 00:03:23.691 It's an acronym which helps you understand what the three sections are. 00:03:23.691 --> 00:03:34.400 You might be familiar with Ohika Castle right, ottoman Herman Khan, oh-hi-ka, ottoman Herman Khan. 00:03:34.400 --> 00:03:39.372 The guy who built that place named it after his first three names. 00:03:39.372 --> 00:03:43.770 So that kind of structure is the kind of structure that Tanakh is. 00:03:43.770 --> 00:03:47.983 That kind of structure is the kind of structure that Tanakh is. 00:03:48.002 --> 00:03:52.289 The three sections of the Hebrew Old Testament the Torah, the T word, has five books in it. 00:03:52.289 --> 00:03:57.641 The Nevi'im, the prophets, has eight, so Tanakh. 00:03:57.641 --> 00:04:03.753 Then we get to the K, the Keduvim, or the writings, which has 11 books. 00:04:03.753 --> 00:04:05.701 The Ketuvim, or the writings, which has 11 books. 00:04:05.701 --> 00:04:12.427 So the first one, the Torah, the five books of Moses, we might call it that, or call it the law or the Pentateuch Right. 00:04:12.427 --> 00:04:14.310 We call it those terms, the Torah. 00:04:14.310 --> 00:04:21.177 And then there's the latter section, called the writings, which is broken up into three subsections. 00:04:21.177 --> 00:04:31.369 We've got the poetic and wisdom literature Psalms, proverbs and Job and then there's the what they call the scrolls. 00:04:31.369 --> 00:04:35.182 There's five of those Song of Solomon, ruth, lamentations, ecclesiastes and Esther. 00:04:35.182 --> 00:04:43.831 And then there's in the writings, another subsection that deals with exilic literature. 00:04:43.831 --> 00:04:51.668 So people who wrote during the time of the exile Ezra and Nehemiah would be a prime example of that. 00:04:52.732 --> 00:05:03.555 But when we look at the Hebrew structure of the prophets, they break it into two major sections the early prophets and the later prophets. 00:05:03.555 --> 00:05:10.961 Early prophets and the later prophets. 00:05:10.961 --> 00:05:22.125 So the former prophets include books that we wouldn't consider necessarily as prophets Joshua, judges, 1st and 2nd, samuel, 1st and 2nd Kings these are all part of what we call the former prophets. 00:05:22.125 --> 00:05:24.430 These are all narratives. 00:05:24.430 --> 00:05:31.922 We would call them narratives that explain the history of Israel in relationship to God's covenant and the outflow of that covenant. 00:05:31.922 --> 00:05:39.201 And then there's the later prophets, and the later prophets are broken into two sections. 00:05:39.201 --> 00:05:53.966 There's Isaiah, jeremiah and Ezekiel, and then there's one other book called the 12th, in which there's the 12, what we would call minor prophets are included into one scroll. 00:05:56.341 --> 00:06:00.065 If you listen closely, you might have noticed something, and I'm about to explain. 00:06:00.065 --> 00:06:03.370 In our English Bible we have five parts of our Old Testament. 00:06:03.370 --> 00:06:05.708 We have the law. 00:06:05.708 --> 00:06:08.249 We have the history, right. 00:06:08.249 --> 00:06:11.410 We have the poetic and wisdom literature. 00:06:11.410 --> 00:06:16.110 Then we have the major prophets and the minor prophets, right. 00:06:16.110 --> 00:06:24.242 So we're more familiar with that breakdown rather than the three category In our English Bible. 00:06:24.242 --> 00:06:28.190 In the major prophets, what do we include? 00:06:28.190 --> 00:06:29.733 Do you know? 00:06:29.733 --> 00:06:37.507 Isaiah, jeremiah Lamentations, right. 00:06:37.507 --> 00:06:42.713 Ezekiel and Daniel, right. 00:06:42.733 --> 00:06:48.488 When I was memorizing the books of the Bible as a new Christian, I had to find ways to memorize these books. 00:06:48.488 --> 00:07:00.019 I hadn't even read them yet, but I was already tasked with memorizing the order of them, and so I decided just one day to sit down and memorize them, and this is how I remembered the major prophets. 00:07:00.019 --> 00:07:02.047 I just like every dog. 00:07:02.047 --> 00:07:02.709 Right. 00:07:02.709 --> 00:07:07.925 Isaiah, jeremiah Lamentations, ezekiel, daniel. 00:07:07.925 --> 00:07:09.569 It works, I haven't forgotten it yet. 00:07:09.569 --> 00:07:11.392 Now the other one I forgot. 00:07:11.392 --> 00:07:15.632 It was like Henry just ate orange juice, or something like that. 00:07:15.632 --> 00:07:19.870 It was really weird, but it worked when I needed it. 00:07:19.870 --> 00:07:31.543 Well, isaiah, jeremiah Lamentations, also in Jeremiah, ezekiel and then Daniel, and then the minor prophets. 00:07:31.543 --> 00:07:45.031 In the Christian framework, daniel is numbered with the major prophets, but in that Hebrew collection that I just mentioned to you, daniel is not listed in the prophets at all. 00:07:45.031 --> 00:07:50.005 Daniel is not in the early prophets and it's not in the later prophets. 00:07:50.005 --> 00:08:01.769 It's actually in that section called the writings, in that exilic subsection of the writings, along with Nehemiah and Ezra and along with 1 and 2 Chronicles. 00:08:09.620 --> 00:08:13.598 Now, what are the three main types of prophets? 00:08:13.598 --> 00:08:17.107 Well, there's three categories that all of these prophets fit into. 00:08:17.107 --> 00:08:17.689 Well, most all of them. 00:08:17.689 --> 00:08:18.892 Three main categories. 00:08:18.892 --> 00:08:25.040 There are obviously exceptions to these three categories, but there are what we call the leader prophets. 00:08:25.040 --> 00:08:31.874 The leader prophets are the people that brought the people of Israel sort of in front of them. 00:08:31.874 --> 00:08:33.667 So you think of Moses, for example. 00:08:33.667 --> 00:08:36.706 Moses was a prophet, he was a leader prophet. 00:08:36.706 --> 00:08:48.187 Interestingly, aaron is also mentioned as one, and Miriam, the sister of Aaron and Moses, in Micah, chapter 6 and verse 4. 00:08:48.187 --> 00:08:53.572 I brought you up from the land of Egypt and redeemed you from that place of slavery. 00:08:53.572 --> 00:08:58.552 I sent Moses, aaron and Miriam ahead of you. 00:08:58.552 --> 00:09:04.779 And Miriam is also called a prophetess in another part as well. 00:09:04.779 --> 00:09:07.022 And then there's other leader prophets Deborah in the book of Judges is called a prophetess in another part as well. 00:09:07.022 --> 00:09:09.809 And then there's other leader prophets Deborah in the book of Judges is called a prophetess. 00:09:12.192 --> 00:09:14.822 There are also a subsection called the court prophets. 00:09:14.822 --> 00:09:16.427 The court prophets. 00:09:16.427 --> 00:09:37.730 These were people that were active during the time of the monarchy and they stood, as the title signifies, before the kings and advised them, got in their faces sometimes and warned them or encouraged them to follow the Lord and to bring the people into conformity with the covenant. 00:09:37.730 --> 00:09:43.270 Elijah and Elisha are good examples of that. 00:09:43.270 --> 00:09:48.490 You might think of Nathan the prophet as he ministered to David. 00:09:48.490 --> 00:09:55.010 Court prophets Nathan was, I think, probably a very good example of one. 00:09:55.010 --> 00:09:58.850 He promised the house of David an eternal monarchy. 00:09:58.850 --> 00:10:09.804 He notified David about the building of the temple being postponed until Solomon came, david about the building of the temple being postponed until Solomon came. 00:10:09.804 --> 00:10:11.748 He also reproved David for his sin with Bathsheba and Uriah. 00:10:11.748 --> 00:10:13.591 So very much a court prophet. 00:10:15.153 --> 00:10:18.585 And then there's a group or a subcategory called classical prophets. 00:10:18.585 --> 00:10:41.440 Classical prophets these are the literary prophets, these are the ones that have a book associated with them, and so you think of Isaiah, jeremiah, ezekiel, you think of the minor prophets. 00:10:41.440 --> 00:10:46.495 Well, isaiah sort of sits in between the two of being a court prophet and a classical prophet. 00:10:46.495 --> 00:10:52.631 Some of his ministry is before the kings, and we'll talk about some of the kings that he ministers to. 00:10:52.631 --> 00:10:59.173 In fact, if you look at Isaiah 1.1, it mentions his ministry in the times of four different kings of Judah. 00:10:59.173 --> 00:11:20.532 But most of his writings are more like classical writings, more like a classical prophet, as he indicts the people for their behavior, as he promises to them judgment if they continue to disobey, or to encourage them about the blessings of the covenant if they obey. 00:11:20.532 --> 00:11:29.472 So that leads us to our third question when did these prophets minister? 00:11:31.057 --> 00:11:32.722 We're talking about a lot of books here. 00:11:32.722 --> 00:11:43.187 If you count Daniel as one of them and we do in our arrangement, there are 16 books of the Bible in the major and minor prophets. 00:11:43.187 --> 00:11:45.773 When did they minister? 00:11:45.773 --> 00:11:54.280 Well, when you look at their time frame of the ministry of these 16 people, it adds up to a time frame of about 300 years. 00:11:54.280 --> 00:12:02.995 If you go from Abraham all the way to Malachi, that's a time frame of about 1500 years. 00:12:02.995 --> 00:12:11.144 So you take a lot of the books of the Bible and squeeze them into a small little section of time here. 00:12:11.144 --> 00:12:14.070 Why is that? 00:12:14.070 --> 00:12:34.224 Why is it, when we go from the first of these prophets some say Jonah, but he's kind of a unique person in a unique position Go from Amos as one of the first ones, to the people of Israel all the way to Malachi as the last one. 00:12:34.224 --> 00:12:35.749 Why just about 300 years? 00:12:35.749 --> 00:12:46.979 Can you think of the reason why they're concentrated in that small little sliver of the people of Israel's history, in that small little sliver of the people of Israel's history? 00:12:46.979 --> 00:12:52.682 It's because those are very turbulent centuries in the life of Israel. 00:12:52.722 --> 00:13:10.399 After David and Solomon, we have Rehoboam and the splitting of the nation into two the ten tribes of Israel and the two under the banner of Judah. 00:13:10.399 --> 00:13:17.674 And how the northern kingdom was riddled with social and economic injustice and idolatrous worship of Baal and syncretistic worship of Yahweh. 00:13:17.674 --> 00:13:27.162 So God sent to them prophets Amos and Hosea to warn them of judgment if they continued down the pathway that they were going. 00:13:27.162 --> 00:13:28.605 And they didn't listen. 00:13:28.605 --> 00:13:31.793 He warned them of imminent destruction. 00:13:31.793 --> 00:13:39.366 And in 721 BC that happened, when the Assyrians destroyed Samaria and the northern tribes were scattered. 00:13:39.366 --> 00:13:45.735 Judah in the south was just as bad. 00:13:45.735 --> 00:13:53.932 All of the kings of Israel were bad and nearly all of the kings of Judah were bad. 00:13:53.932 --> 00:14:11.633 And so God sent them prophets like Isaiah, like Micah, like Jeremiah, to warn them that, unless they repented, they too would face a similar destruction as the northern tribes of Israel. 00:14:11.633 --> 00:14:25.754 And in 587 BC, jerusalem was captured, the temple was burned and the people were carried off in a series of exportations in exile to Babylon. 00:14:28.120 --> 00:14:32.412 However, when we read these prophets, we realize that that's not the end of the story. 00:14:32.412 --> 00:14:34.446 It's not over yet. 00:14:34.446 --> 00:14:43.293 Prior to this exile, there are statements of encouragement of something that God will do in the future. 00:14:43.293 --> 00:15:05.335 Isaiah speaks about it, even Jeremiah speaks about it, and while they were in exile they were given encouragements by Ezekiel and Daniel predominantly, that if they repented, even though they weren't in the land, that God would continue to show his blessings and favor to the people. 00:15:05.335 --> 00:15:10.610 Well, they did return from exile, as God said. 00:15:10.610 --> 00:15:21.491 They would Doesn't mean that they were necessarily righteous, and so there were still prophets that would speak to them, even in the post-exilic period, after they had returned back to the land. 00:15:22.941 --> 00:15:34.365 So when we look at the prophets, we divide them into major prophets and minor prophets, which only has a signification about the length of the book, not necessarily the quality of their ministry. 00:15:34.365 --> 00:15:40.140 It wasn't like Isaiah is a major player and Habakkuk is a minor player. 00:15:40.140 --> 00:15:42.265 It's just a longer book and a shorter book. 00:15:42.265 --> 00:15:59.812 But all of these prophets can be broken into the sections of speaking to Israel or speaking to Judah, or maybe a bit of a mix there before the exile, and then the exile itself, and then a ministry after the exile. 00:15:59.812 --> 00:16:05.929 So you can sort of break it down into those time periods, but all in all about 300 years. 00:16:05.929 --> 00:16:08.826 That brings us to Isaiah. 00:16:10.361 --> 00:16:11.164 Who is Isaiah? 00:16:11.164 --> 00:16:12.128 When did he minister? 00:16:12.128 --> 00:16:25.134 Well, he ministered to the people of Judah, to those two tribes around Jerusalem, and in the late 8th century the glory days of David were long past. 00:16:25.134 --> 00:16:32.490 Even the relatively strong ministry of Uzziah's death brought a decline. 00:16:32.490 --> 00:16:37.701 Economically they were in bad shape. 00:16:37.701 --> 00:16:48.437 Geopolitically they were under the reign of terror of major players At that time Egypt and Assyria. 00:16:48.437 --> 00:16:52.346 Babylon at that time hadn't quite risen to ascendancy. 00:16:52.346 --> 00:17:06.214 They were weakened internally by syncretism, by injustice, by a very formalistic religion, and they were led by bad kings. 00:17:06.214 --> 00:17:31.992 The kings of Judah were vassals serving at the pleasure of the kings of Assyria, and from the time of Isaiah's ministry all the way until the end, in only little moments of respite, every one of those kings served as underlords to the kings of Assyria. 00:17:35.181 --> 00:17:42.028 And then Babylon put the earthly reign of the line of David to an apparent end, but we know, not a complete end. 00:17:42.028 --> 00:17:51.671 So Isaiah speaks to a nation in decline, he speaks to a nation in sin. 00:17:51.671 --> 00:17:56.751 He speaks to a nation in a very topsy-turvy world. 00:17:56.751 --> 00:18:07.210 He speaks to a nation that has chained itself to foreign powers, to a nation that's forgotten its God. 00:18:07.210 --> 00:18:21.424 Amazingly, in the middle of oracles of judgment, there are great words of encouragement that Isaiah speaks, and we'll get into those in the weeks and months to come. 00:18:21.424 --> 00:18:28.355 When we go into that, one of the things that we need to know is found in verse 1. 00:18:29.460 --> 00:18:36.273 Isaiah speaks during the times of the reigns of King Uzziah, jotham, ahaz and Hezekiah. 00:18:36.273 --> 00:18:45.711 We find out in chapter 6 that Uzziah dies, so we don't learn much about his ministry when Uzziah was king. 00:18:45.711 --> 00:18:49.810 We don't hear much of his ministry under Jotham. 00:18:49.810 --> 00:18:56.814 The last two are the two kings that we learn the most about when we look at Isaiah, ahaz and Hezekiah. 00:18:56.814 --> 00:19:15.690 But during Isaiah's ministry, assyria was the nation that was most at play and Ahaz interacted with one king predominantly and Hezekiah interacted with another king of Assyria. 00:19:15.690 --> 00:19:30.605 Tiglath-pileser III was the one that Ahaz had to deal with and Sennacherib was the one that Hezekiah had to deal with, had to deal with and Sennacherib was the one that Hezekiah had to deal with. 00:19:30.605 --> 00:19:39.403 And so when we read the first 39 chapters of Isaiah, we see that a lot of it is wrapped up in Isaiah interacting with Ahaz and also him interacting with Hezekiah. 00:19:39.824 --> 00:19:51.780 During these two crises in which there is the danger of invasion from the north, Ahaz, as a king, fails the test. 00:19:51.780 --> 00:20:00.820 He decides to trust human schemes, he decides to get into ill-advised military alliances instead of trusting Yahweh. 00:20:00.820 --> 00:20:07.965 And when we read the first chapters of Isaiah, particularly chapter 7 to 12, we find those interactions. 00:20:07.965 --> 00:20:13.509 Later, hezekiah comes into a similar situation. 00:20:13.509 --> 00:20:35.359 He also is tempted to yield to finding strength in alliances with other powers, but in the end he heeds the words of the prophet Isaiah and relies on the Lord, god, for help, and the people are delivered for a short bit of time. 00:20:35.359 --> 00:21:08.861 Those chapters chapters 36 to 39, help us to understand that In between those two sections, with these two kings, in this sort of courtly prophetic ministry, we get the classical ministry of Isaiah speaking oracles of doom to the nations around Israel, and he mentioned several of them, some of whom that we're familiar with, and some of them were even distant lands away from Israel, away from Jerusalem and not even really players. 00:21:10.211 --> 00:21:14.569 But those oracles weren't written for those people necessarily. 00:21:14.569 --> 00:21:26.638 They were written for the people of Judah To answer the question who will you trust and who will you model your life after. 00:21:26.638 --> 00:21:37.803 If God was going to bring judgment on Damascus and God was going to bring judgment on Moab and God was going to bring judgment upon Edom and God was going to bring judgment upon Assyria. 00:21:37.803 --> 00:21:40.577 Should you really be trusting them? 00:21:40.577 --> 00:21:47.260 No, should you really be aligning yourself with them in your lifestyle? 00:21:47.260 --> 00:21:53.412 No, because they are under the sovereign hand of Almighty God. 00:21:53.412 --> 00:21:54.874 Who's going to call them into account for their wicked behavior? 00:21:54.874 --> 00:21:58.577 Who's going to call them into account for their wicked behavior? 00:21:58.577 --> 00:22:06.506 And if you make friendship with them, you will find yourself also at enmity with God. 00:22:06.506 --> 00:22:19.769 And that was the message Judah was to pick up when Isaiah was casting off these oracles against the nations. 00:22:20.250 --> 00:22:23.400 When we get to chapter 40 of Isaiah, a new situation has arisen. 00:22:23.400 --> 00:22:33.736 God is no longer challenging the people to trust him and not find deliverance in alliances. 00:22:33.736 --> 00:22:36.738 That day's already gone. 00:22:36.738 --> 00:22:46.865 God has followed through already in his repeated offering of warning that they would be brought to nothing. 00:22:46.865 --> 00:22:55.703 When you begin Isaiah, chapter 40, isaiah is not speaking now to a people about to go into exile. 00:22:55.703 --> 00:23:02.191 He's speaking as if the people are already in exile, even though that hasn't happened yet. 00:23:02.191 --> 00:23:10.481 He's speaking to them about the same issue, though Can they trust God? 00:23:10.481 --> 00:23:17.877 Can they trust God to fulfill his promises when there's no Davidic king reigning in Jerusalem? 00:23:17.877 --> 00:23:22.285 Can they trust God to bring them back to the land? 00:23:22.285 --> 00:23:27.561 Can they trust God and his forgiveness? 00:23:27.561 --> 00:23:36.482 Can they trust God and his strengthening so that they might fulfill their calling as the servant of the Lord? 00:23:36.482 --> 00:23:44.560 And so the oracles in chapters 40 to the end of the book speak to a people as if they were already in Babylon. 00:23:44.560 --> 00:23:55.194 And some would say chapters 55 to 66 speak to the people as if they had already left Babylon and had come back to the land, which is kind of interesting. 00:23:55.194 --> 00:24:01.178 And so in the first 39 chapters you have indictments of interest. 00:24:01.178 --> 00:24:12.785 And so in the first 39 chapters you have indictments of judgment, and in chapters 40 to 66, you have largely statements about God's forgiveness, god's deliverance and God's restoration. 00:24:16.912 --> 00:24:25.143 That leads us to another question, and I've sort of already answered it a little bit in this last one, number four what is the purpose of the prophets? 00:24:25.143 --> 00:24:30.315 What is the purpose of the prophetic ministry, of these classical prophets? 00:24:30.315 --> 00:24:38.255 Well, to make it as simple as possible, it is to do one thing it is to remind the people. 00:24:38.255 --> 00:25:22.904 To remind the, the people First of all, to remind them of their history, Remind them that they were simply a tribal group, that God had chosen out of all of the peoples on earth to be his special possession, and that he had prospered them as he gave promises to their fathers and he had made out of this small little band a nation, by delivering them from the strongest power of the time, the people of Egypt, and had gathered them to himself and had made covenant relationship with them, promising himself to them. 00:25:23.586 --> 00:25:40.903 So the prophets, over and over again, whether we're talking about Amos or Isaiah or Malachi or Habakkuk, you're going to hear this first call of remembrance, to remember who you are, remember what God has done. 00:25:40.903 --> 00:26:10.634 And then the second one is to remind the people of their commitments, because when they were brought into covenant relationship with God, they stood there and said these things we will do, and they bound themselves in a covenant relationship with God that they would respond to this loving God, who had called them out of slavery, by way of trust and obedience. 00:26:10.634 --> 00:26:21.123 And so, when you read the prophets, you will hear God speaking to them through these prophets, about remembering to trust and remembering to obey. 00:26:21.123 --> 00:26:39.349 And then, last of all, the prophets would remind Israel of God's threats and God's promises when God gave them the covenant, he told them of what would happen should they disobey. 00:26:39.349 --> 00:26:44.134 And what would happen should they disobey and what would happen should they yield themselves to God. 00:26:44.134 --> 00:26:58.914 That God would lead them into curses and doom if they denied him, and yet would lead them into blessings beyond their ability to imagine if they trusted him, ability to imagine if they trusted him. 00:26:58.914 --> 00:27:12.883 And so the prophets continue to speak about those matters, calling them by way of warning and calling them by way of promise to respond to the Lord. 00:27:12.883 --> 00:27:33.458 So, when you think about these major prophets and minor prophets and when you think of the book of Isaiah individually, as we will in the next several weeks, just remember very simply that they're there to remind the people of who they were, of who they are and what their future might hold. 00:27:33.458 --> 00:27:36.657 That's a very simple way to look at it. 00:27:36.657 --> 00:27:44.198 And that leads us to our last question how did the prophets operate? 00:27:44.198 --> 00:27:45.955 How did they operate? 00:27:48.871 --> 00:28:08.463 Well, christopher Wright wrote a book called how to Preach and Teach the Old Testament for All Its Worth, and it's part of a very good series that has for all its worth as part of the title, and he has a very good way of helping us understand the prophets by way of our own bodies. 00:28:08.463 --> 00:28:11.057 He said the prophets had mouths. 00:28:11.057 --> 00:28:13.316 They spoke for God. 00:28:13.316 --> 00:28:19.519 So when you read the prophets, you will hear them say often this is what the Lord says. 00:28:19.519 --> 00:28:24.694 They're spokesmen for God, they're messengers for God. 00:28:24.694 --> 00:28:26.979 They're mouthpieces for God. 00:28:26.979 --> 00:28:40.025 They're not simply very, very vocal religious people who want to speak words of promise or judgment based upon their own perspectives or their own understanding of justice. 00:28:40.025 --> 00:28:47.939 They are God's mouthpieces and they are speaking to the people directly what God wants them to know. 00:28:53.513 --> 00:29:01.756 Now here's an important thing to remember about the prophets they were speaking to the people about their present more than they were doing any. 00:29:01.756 --> 00:29:04.403 Speaking about the people, about their future. 00:29:04.403 --> 00:29:20.720 Even when they did speak about the future, by way of warnings or of encouragements, of blessing, those were future elements meant to affect the present so that they would amend their lives. 00:29:20.720 --> 00:29:33.964 Today, when the prophet was speaking to them, it wasn't so they could just sort of sit back and gaze off into the distance and say I wonder what that would mean. 00:29:33.964 --> 00:29:50.829 It wasn't that, it wasn't that they were God's spokesmen for the generation they were living in, so the people who lived around them would give their life to God. 00:29:50.829 --> 00:30:02.367 We somehow think that the prophets were mainly just seers of the future and diving into it with this sort of crass curiosity of what will it be like to it, with this sort of crass curiosity of what will it be like. 00:30:02.367 --> 00:30:13.838 Sadly, a lot of Christians have got themselves wrapped up in that sort of mentality about prophecy today, trying to dissect the days that are ahead of us rather than giving concern about their lifestyle in the present. 00:30:15.810 --> 00:30:16.934 So the prophets had mouths. 00:30:16.934 --> 00:30:19.640 They were spokesmen for God. 00:30:19.640 --> 00:30:20.184 The prophets had mouths. 00:30:20.184 --> 00:30:20.769 They were spokesmen for God. 00:30:20.769 --> 00:30:22.935 The prophets had ears. 00:30:22.935 --> 00:30:26.136 They heard God's word. 00:30:26.136 --> 00:30:31.362 This is what we mean when we use the theological term of inspiration. 00:30:31.362 --> 00:30:35.539 These weren't necessarily dynamic speakers. 00:30:35.539 --> 00:30:42.863 They weren't inspired like painters or poets or writers and that sort of idea. 00:30:42.863 --> 00:30:58.439 When we talk about somebody being inspired or someone being quite gifted, like a musician or an athlete, what we mean is that they received God's word, as God wanted it to be said. 00:30:58.439 --> 00:31:02.843 So they were receivers of God's word. 00:31:02.843 --> 00:31:10.641 The prophets also had heads, which meant that they have a mind of their own. 00:31:10.641 --> 00:31:14.048 They weren't simply dictation machines. 00:31:14.048 --> 00:31:23.359 They weren't simply mindless spouting mouths, sort of feed it in and feed it out, as though it didn't work, through their personalities. 00:31:24.070 --> 00:31:26.960 When we read the major prophets and the minor prophets. 00:31:26.960 --> 00:31:32.358 We understand that every one of them are different, just as every one of us are different. 00:31:32.358 --> 00:31:41.953 They all had their particular personalities, their particular characteristics, their particular situation and the people that they were speaking to. 00:31:41.953 --> 00:32:00.601 They emphasized different things, they focused on different things, they used different means of communicating, just like we all do and this is one of the benefits for us, on Sunday nights, of hearing from different guys going through Route 66, realizing that God's Word is unchangeable. 00:32:00.601 --> 00:32:13.571 But Ethan is going to speak differently than Mike is going to be speaking differently than Micah is going to be speaking differently than Walter or Ted or me or Bob or any of the other guys who have been sharing God's Word with us. 00:32:13.571 --> 00:32:28.222 God's Word is true, and we may find the style of Banu better than we find the style of Doug, but it doesn't mean God's word is any less necessary for us to hear Right. 00:32:28.871 --> 00:32:30.317 So these men were like that. 00:32:30.317 --> 00:32:44.857 They were different men, they had different vocabularies, different skill sets, different interests, different ways of communicating, but they all emphasized the same thing the prophets also had hearts. 00:32:44.857 --> 00:32:50.115 Not only did they have mouths and ears and a head, but they also had a heart. 00:32:50.115 --> 00:32:52.955 Listen to Jeremiah. 00:32:52.955 --> 00:32:58.676 Oh that my head were a spring of water, my eyes a fountain of tears. 00:32:58.676 --> 00:33:02.099 I would weep day and night for the slain of my people. 00:33:02.099 --> 00:33:05.336 That's an emotional person. 00:33:05.336 --> 00:33:23.403 Right, jeremiah was distraught by the sufferings that he saw coming on his own people, and it was as if he could have his tears turn into a spring that would continue to run. 00:33:23.403 --> 00:33:29.357 He felt like this is so horrible, I wish I couldn't stop crying. 00:33:31.872 --> 00:33:39.221 This is deeply emotional language and it shows us that the prophets had feelings, deep emotions. 00:33:39.221 --> 00:33:43.681 They didn't just think about their messages, they felt their messages. 00:33:43.681 --> 00:33:55.076 But they also communicated God's word and by communicating it through their emotions, they're also helping us to understand something about the character of God. 00:33:55.076 --> 00:34:13.630 God, their words, expressed with human feeling, give us an understanding of God, his person, his character and His determinations. 00:34:13.630 --> 00:34:15.094 So we use terms that we're used to speak about God. 00:34:15.094 --> 00:34:16.376 God loves and longs for His people. 00:34:16.376 --> 00:34:17.637 God's angry at sin. 00:34:17.637 --> 00:34:21.885 God is compassionate and cares for the poor, the needy. 00:34:21.885 --> 00:34:25.094 God is grieved when he's rejected. 00:34:25.094 --> 00:34:29.443 He's filled with joy when his people are blessed. 00:34:29.443 --> 00:34:43.326 These are all emotional words, they're all human words, but they all have for us a way of connecting in the reality of who our God is, a way of connecting in the reality of who our God is. 00:34:43.409 --> 00:34:44.952 The prophets also had hands. 00:34:44.952 --> 00:34:48.478 They had mouths and they had ears. 00:34:48.478 --> 00:34:55.905 And they have a head and they have a heart, but they also had hands. 00:34:55.905 --> 00:35:00.126 Sometimes they turned their words into actions. 00:35:00.126 --> 00:35:09.463 Sometimes you'll see the prophets doing some rather peculiar things, because those prophets turn into object lessons for God's people. 00:35:09.463 --> 00:35:26.762 When we get to Isaiah, chapter 20, isaiah will run around either in his underwear or naked in Jerusalem to portray the shame of captivity that lies ahead of the people of Judah. 00:35:26.762 --> 00:35:52.061 Or Jeremiah, jeremiah 27, who's told to put a yoke upon his own shoulders and burst into the United Nations, an international diplomatic meeting, a conference in Jerusalem, and to talk about to all the ambassadors that are there that they need to give themselves to Babylon or else they're going to be brought to nothing. 00:35:52.061 --> 00:35:57.481 Imagine somebody breaking into the United Nations today and doing that. 00:35:57.481 --> 00:36:02.679 Ian would have to shoot them, right. 00:36:06.371 --> 00:36:07.856 But the prophets, last of all, had eyes. 00:36:07.856 --> 00:36:19.099 They're often called seers, right, not just prophets, they're called seers and sometimes the prophets actually did see things. 00:36:19.099 --> 00:36:27.612 You remember the time when Elisha could see the armies of the angels right when nobody else could? 00:36:27.612 --> 00:36:33.760 Or when Samuel could tell Saul where his lost donkeys were. 00:36:33.760 --> 00:36:43.041 They could see things literally, but it also meant that they could see things insightfully. 00:36:43.041 --> 00:36:49.880 They could understand things with a spiritual perception that the sinful people around them didn't understand. 00:36:49.880 --> 00:37:11.599 But then there's another aspect of being able to see they could see into some unspecified day about a future, and so they would use terms like in that day or in the day of the Lord, and they would speak about something in the distance. 00:37:11.599 --> 00:37:28.311 Now we know by reading 1 Peter that they knew the certainty of these things, but they didn't understand necessarily the certainty of these things, but they didn't understand necessarily the timing of those things, and they longed to look into the future, what those things might be. 00:37:28.311 --> 00:37:48.284 And so that leads us to our last little part of this is how to understand these prophets is by recognizing that when they were seers, they were seeing, and they're helping us to see the future in three different horizons. 00:37:49.309 --> 00:38:12.916 If you've ever been to California or a place where there's mountains, it's beautiful to look at the horizon and to realize that there are layers of distance there, the horizon, and to realize that there are layers of distance there, especially at the sunset when those mountains sort of turn into a monochromatic color of purple or gray, depending on how colorblind you are, and you see the end. 00:38:12.916 --> 00:38:23.255 But then you see a range and then another range, but it's all flattened out because you can't really get any depth of field from that kind of distance. 00:38:23.255 --> 00:38:34.623 So you know that there's mountains behind mountains, behind mountains behind the flat part that you see, but how far away is all of that? 00:38:34.623 --> 00:38:37.791 How far away is one range behind the other one? 00:38:37.791 --> 00:38:39.454 You can't really tell. 00:38:40.976 --> 00:38:51.065 And so when we read the Old Testament, particularly the prophets, we're dealing with something that has horizons to it. 00:38:51.065 --> 00:38:55.963 Three of them particularly. 00:38:55.963 --> 00:38:59.014 There's the horizon of the Old Testament era. 00:38:59.014 --> 00:39:07.652 The prophets would speak about their day, and they would speak about things that would be fulfilled in their day. 00:39:07.652 --> 00:39:12.920 So you have Jeremiah Jeremiah 28, prophesying that Hananiah would die. 00:39:12.920 --> 00:39:15.224 Well, hananiah dies. 00:39:15.224 --> 00:39:21.769 That happens along the first horizon. 00:39:21.769 --> 00:39:30.420 You have the prophets speaking about the exile, and that happens in 721 BC and 587 BC. 00:39:30.420 --> 00:39:35.635 All of this fulfilled during the Old Testament historical time period. 00:39:36.197 --> 00:39:50.940 Horizon one Several prophets also predicted that the people would come back from the exile, and so these prophecies speak about a return to the land even before they left the land. 00:39:50.940 --> 00:39:54.512 But it's still during the Old Testament historical time period. 00:39:54.512 --> 00:40:11.740 But when you read some of these prophecies of horizon one, you get a sense that maybe it's not all finished yet with these prophecies, that something is still being carried forward. 00:40:11.740 --> 00:40:35.900 A good example is when we get to Isaiah, chapter seven, when Isaiah gives a sign to Ahaz about a child being born, a child that would predict the future in the close range, but also speaks with some words that seem to stretch beyond that first horizon. 00:40:35.900 --> 00:40:43.195 And in the midst of the danger and the threat of those months it was good for them to know that God was with them. 00:40:43.195 --> 00:40:49.195 But did they really understand it all quite? 00:40:51.045 --> 00:41:02.451 When we read Isaiah 7, we realize that there's something yet to come, still out of that prophecy, and it's horizon number two, the New Testament era. 00:41:02.451 --> 00:41:17.686 And when we pick up the Gospel of Matthew, we realize that Isaiah was speaking not only to the king in his day, but he was speaking about a king who was to come, a king who would himself be Emmanuel, god with us. 00:41:17.686 --> 00:41:47.168 And so horizon number two, as the prophets see, brings us into the ministry of Jesus Christ that there are things that were pointing toward him in messianic prophecy, still had application to the day, still had meaning for the people of the day still might, even had some measure of fulfillment for people of the day, but spoke yet of a horizon beyond them, of another day. 00:41:47.168 --> 00:42:06.253 So when we read Jeremiah, chapter 31, and we read about a new covenant, and we feel the comparisons of the old covenant still there, old covenant language, and yet it talks about something that the old covenant couldn't do. 00:42:06.253 --> 00:42:33.097 Promises to God's people that complete forgiveness would come, that lasting knowledge of God would be implanted in their heart, that God's law would be drawn inside of them instead of outside of them, that their hearts would be changed from hard, stony hearts to malleable ones in which they willed to will God's word. 00:42:33.097 --> 00:42:42.097 We recognize that only that can be accomplished through Christ inaugurating that new covenant. 00:42:43.047 --> 00:42:51.557 So horizon two when we read Isaiah, chapter 53, we read of the servant. 00:42:51.557 --> 00:43:01.757 We recognize that Israel was called to be the servant of the Lord, but that there was coming a servant who would be the perfect servant of the Lord. 00:43:01.757 --> 00:43:15.574 And so we find ourselves reading in Isaiah 53 particularly about the very life and ministry, death and resurrection and the ministry of the gospel of Jesus Christ. 00:43:15.574 --> 00:43:19.630 But then that leads us to a third horizon. 00:43:19.630 --> 00:43:32.681 As these major and minor prophets would look forward, they would speak to that first horizon, stretch into the second horizon, to that first horizon, stretch into the second horizon. 00:43:32.681 --> 00:43:38.510 But then we would read the prophets speak of the future in terms that none of us had yet seen in any kind of history, even to this day. 00:43:40.545 --> 00:43:56.019 Words of judgment engulfing the whole earth in cataclysmic destruction of the wicked and evil encompassing the whole entire world, even creation itself. 00:43:56.019 --> 00:44:02.614 We can only relate that to the ultimate horizon of the second coming of Christ and the creation of the new heavens and the new earth. 00:44:02.614 --> 00:44:21.786 But then there's that exalted vision that we read at times where things are overflowing with joy, to an extent we could only call perfection, nature full of abundance, earth itself rejoicing in its creator Human life. 00:44:21.786 --> 00:44:30.280 All of us safe, all of us fulfilled, all of us free, absolutely free from violence and injustice and hunger and danger. 00:44:30.280 --> 00:44:38.135 War ended, everyone, even with the animals, living in perfect harmony. 00:44:38.135 --> 00:44:43.094 Never, ever again to turn away from God in disobedience. 00:44:43.094 --> 00:44:57.938 Our hearts completely transformed, People from all over the world and all nations having absolutely rejected every false God or every idol in the heart, to turn to the living God and to worship him. 00:44:57.938 --> 00:45:01.367 We'll see those in Isaiah. 00:45:02.347 --> 00:45:02.989 What is this? 00:45:02.989 --> 00:45:05.632 It's the third horizon. 00:45:05.632 --> 00:45:06.532 It's the third horizon. 00:45:06.532 --> 00:45:17.561 It's the third horizon which we still look to and long for, and it's called our hope. 00:45:17.561 --> 00:45:30.021 The second horizon has inaugurated and given us the strength to put our very eternal souls into the hands of this God who has claimed for us participation in the third horizon. 00:45:30.021 --> 00:45:32.371 It is ours. 00:45:32.371 --> 00:45:35.835 It's not here yet, but it is ours. 00:45:35.835 --> 00:46:04.208 And so when we read about that perfect peace and that perfect transformation and that perfect harmony and that perfect life of justice, we can rest our souls in a God who has spoken truthfully to horizon one, already, given us the answer in horizon two, and gives us every reason to continue to trust him when we haven't yet seen horizon number three. 00:46:05.469 --> 00:46:06.472 These are the prophets. 00:46:06.472 --> 00:46:14.150 This is who they are, this is when they spoke, this is how they communicated and this is what they have to say to us. 00:46:14.150 --> 00:46:19.626 When you read Isaiah, you may find yourself puzzled over its contents. 00:46:19.626 --> 00:46:24.496 Remember the three parts of the remember communication. 00:46:24.496 --> 00:46:38.815 Remember what God has done, remember your obligations, remember your warnings and your promises, and remember the three horizons and you'll go well down the road to being able to read it a lot better. 00:46:39.757 --> 00:46:43.387 Let's pray together, father. 00:46:43.387 --> 00:46:56.949 Thank you for your beloved promises to us, lord, when all of us should really take to heart and hear nothing but words of future judgment and condemnation. 00:46:56.949 --> 00:47:02.550 You've granted to us a deliverer, jesus and everyone who is in him. 00:47:02.550 --> 00:47:08.315 There can be said of them there is no condemnation to those who are in Christ, jesus. 00:47:08.315 --> 00:47:19.248 Father, we thank you for your wonderful way that you've interjected into human history, as sinful and disobedient as we are, to bring us something that we don't deserve. 00:47:19.248 --> 00:47:38.255 We thank you for these promises that are granted to us even hundreds and thousands of years before we ever stepped into this world, so that we might hear them and know who you are, and to be able to rest our soul in everything that you've accomplished. 00:47:38.255 --> 00:48:00.949 Father, help us to understand better these writings that you've granted us in the prophets and Lord, in the weeks to come, help us to understand the strength of your character and the depth of your love in Christ as we step into Isaiah in a few weeks, and we pray this in Christ's name Amen.