Goodman Gone Bad

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We read Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown and track one night in the Salem woods that breaks a man’s trust in his wife, his church, and his town. The story’s ambiguity turns a private doubt into a lifelong curse, asking how we live after disillusionment.

• Hawthorne’s setup in Salem and the symbolism of Faith’s pink ribbons 
• The stranger with the serpent staff as lineage and temptation 
• Goody Cloyse and the collapse of reputations in the forest 
• Ministers’ midnight ride and the cloud of voices 
• The clearing as inverted church and dark communion 
• The withheld answer: dream, reality, or moral vision 
• Goodman Brown’s choice of cynicism over compassion 
• Lessons on doubt, hypocrisy, and sustaining trust

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Transcript

Opening And Setup In Salem

SPEAKER_02 0:01

Are you tired? You will be. We're reading Young Goodmund Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

SPEAKER_03 0:17

Young Goodman Brown came forth at sunset into the street of Salem village, but put his head back after crossing the threshold to exchange a parting kiss with his young wife. And faith, as the wife was aptly named, thrust her own head, her own pretty head into the street, letting the wind play with the pink ribbons of her cap while she called to Goodman Brown. Dearest heart whispered she softly and rather sadly, when her lips were close to his ear.

Faith’s Plea And Goodman’s Resolve

SPEAKER_01 1:11

Pray thee, put off your journey until sunrise and sleep in your own bed tonight. A lone woman is troubled with such dreams and such thoughts that she's afeard of herself sometimes. Pray tarry with me this night, dear husband, of all nights in the year My love and my faith, replied young Goodman Brown, of all nights in the year, this one night must I tarry away from thee.

Enter The Stranger With The Serpent Staff

SPEAKER_03 1:49

My journey, as thou callest it, forth and back again, must needs be done twixt now and sunrise. What, my sweet pretty wife, does thou doubt me already and we but three months married Then God bless you said Faith, with the pink ribbons, and may you find all well when you come back Amen, cried Goodman Brown, say thy prayers, dear Faith, and go to bed at dusk, and no harm will come to thee. So they parted, and the young man pursued his way until being about to turn the corner by the meeting house, he looked back and saw the head of Faith still peeping after him, with a melancholy air, in spite of her pink ribbons. Poor little Faith, thought he, for his heart smote him, what a wretch I am to leave her on such an errand. She talks of dreams too. Methought as she spoke there was trouble in her face, as if a dream had warned her what work is to be done tonight, but no no, 'twould kill her to think it. Well, she's a blessed angel on earth, and after this one night I'll cling to her skirts and follow her to heaven. With this excellent resolve for the future, Goodman Brown felt himself justified in making more haste on his present evil purpose. He had taken a dreary road, darkened by all gloomiest tree, all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through and close immediately behind. It was all as lonely as it could be, and there is this peculiarity in such solitude, that the traveller knows not who may be concealed by the innumerable trunks and the thick boughs overhead, so that with lonely footsteps he may yet be passing through an unseen multitude. There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree, said Goodman Brown to himself, and he glanced fearfully behind him as he added, What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow? His head being turned back he passed a crook of the road, and following forward again, beheld the figure of a man in grave and decent attire seated at the foot of an old tree. He arose at Goodman Brown's approach and walked onward side by side with him.

SPEAKER_04 4:49

You're late, Goodman Brown, said he.

SPEAKER_03 4:52

The clock of the old south was striking as I came through Boston, and that is full fifteen minutes ago. Faith kept me back awhile, replied the young man, with a tremor in his voice, caused by a sudden appearance of his companion, though not wholly unexpected. It was now deep dusk in the forest, and deepest in that part of it where these two were journeying. As nearly as could be discerned, the traveler was about fifty years old, apparently in the same rank of life as Goodman Brown, and bearing a considerable resemblance to him, though perhaps more in expression than features. Still they might have been taken for father and son, and yet, though the elder person was as simply clad as the younger, and as simple in manner too, he had an indescribable air of one who knew the world, and would not have felt ashamed at the governor's dinner table or in King William's court, were it possible that his affairs should call him thither. But the only thing about him that could be fixed upon as remarkable was his staff, which bore the likeness of a great black snake, so curiously wrought that it might almost be seen to twist and wriggle itself like a living serpent. This, of course, must have been an ocular deception, assisted by the uncertain light.

SPEAKER_04 6:29

Come, Goodman Brown, cried his fellow traveller, this is a dull pace for the beginning of a journey. Take my staff if you are soon weary.

Goody Cloyse Unmasked

SPEAKER_03 6:38

Friend, said the other, exchanging his slow pace for a full stop, having kept covenant by meeting thee here, it is my purpose now to return whence I came. I have scruples, touching the matter thou wattst of. Sayest thou so, replied he of the serpent, smiling apart, let us walk on, nevertheless, reasoning as we go, and if I convince thee not, thou shalt turn back. We are but a little way in the forest yet. Too far, too far excame exclaimed the goodman, unconsciously resuming his walk. My father never went on the woods in such an errand, nor his father before him. We have been a race of honest men and good Christians since the days of the martyrs, and shall I be the first of the name of Brown that ever took this path and kept such company, thou wouldest say, observed the elder person, interrupting his pause. Well said, goodman Brown, I have been as well acquainted with your family as with ever a woman among the Puritans. And that is no trifle to say I helped your grandfather, the constable, when he lashed the Quaker woman so smartly through the streets of Salem. And it was I that brought your father a pitch pine knot, kindled at my own heart to set fire to an Indian village, in King Philip's war.

SPEAKER_04 8:12

They were my good friends both, and many a pleasant walk have we had along this path and returned merrily after midnight. I would fain be friends with you for their sake.

SPEAKER_03 8:25

If it be as thou sayest, replied Goodman Brown, I marvel they never spoke of these matters, or verily I marvel not, seeing that the least rumour of the sort would have driven them from New England, we are a people of prayer, and good works to boot, and abide no such wickedness. Wickedness or not, said the traveller, with the twisted staff, I have a very general acquaintance here in New England.

SPEAKER_01 8:57

The deacons of many a church have drunk the communion wine with me, and select men of diverse towns make me the chairman and majority of the great and general court are found supporters of my interests, the governor and I too, but these are state secrets.

SPEAKER_03 9:15

Can this be so? cried Goodman Brown, with a stare of amazement at his undisturbed companion. How be it, I have nothing to do with the governor and council. They have their own ways, and are no rule for a simple husbandman like me. But were I to go on with thee, how should I meet the eye of that good old man, our minister at Salem Village? Oh his voice would make me tremble, both Sabbath day and lecture day. Thus far the elder traveller had listened with due gravity, but now burst into a fit of irrepressible mirth, shaking himself so violently that his snake like staff actually seemed to wriggle in sympathy. Ha ha ha shouted he again and again, then composing himself. Well go on, Goodman Brown, go on, but pray thee, don't kill me with a laughing. Well then, to end the matter at once, said Goodman Brown, considerably nettled, there is my wife Faith. I would break her dear little heart, and I'd rather break my own. Nay, if that be the case, answered the other, ye on thy ways, Goodman Brown, I would not, for twenty old women like the one hobbling before us, that faith should come to any harm. As he spoke he pointed his staff at a female figure in the path, and whom Goodman Brown recognized, a very pious and exemplary dame, who had taught him his catechism in youth and was still his moral and spiritual advisor, jointly with the minister and Deacon Gukin. A marvel truly that Goody Cloyce should be so far in the wilderness at nightfall, said he. But with your leave, friend, I shall take a cut through the woods until we have left this Christian woman behind.

SPEAKER_04 11:24

Being a stranger to you, she might ask whom I was consulting with and whither I was going.

Ministers On The Midnight Road

SPEAKER_03 11:29

Be it so, said his fellow traveller, betake you to the woods, and let me keep the path. Accordingly the young man turned aside, but took care to watch his companion, who advanced softly along the road until he had come within a staff's length of the old dame. Meanwhile she was making the best of her way with singular speed for so aged a woman, and mumbling some indistinct words, a prayer doubtless as she went. The traveller put forth his staff and touched her weathered neck with what seemed the serpent's tail. The devil screamed the pious old lady. Then Goody Clois knows her old friend, observed the traveller, confronting her and leaning on his writhing writhing stick.

SPEAKER_04 12:24

Ah, forsooth, and it is to your worship indeed, cried the good dame. Yet truly is it, and in the very image of my old gossip, Goodman Brown, the father of the silly fellow that now is. But would your worship believe it? My broomstick hath strangely disappeared, stolen, as I suspect, by that unhanged witch, Goody Corey, and that too, when I was all anointed with the juice of smallage and cinca foil and wolf's bang mingled with that with fine wheat and the fat of a newborn babe, said the shape of old Goodman Brown.

SPEAKER_03 13:16

Ah, your worship knows the recipe, cried the old lady, cackling aloud.

SPEAKER_04 13:22

So, as I was saying, being all ready for the meeting and no horse to ride on, I made up my mind to foot it. For they tell me there is a nice young man to be taken into communion to night. But to your good worship will lend me your arm, and we shall be there in a twinkling. That can hardly be, answered her friend. I may not spare you my arm, Goody Clois. But here's my staff, if you will.

Voices In The Cloud And The Ribbon

The Witch Assembly Revealed

SPEAKER_03 13:54

So saying, he threw it down at her feet, where perhaps it assumed life, being one of the rods which its owner had formerly lent to Egyptian magi. Of this fact, however, Goodman Brown could not make cognizance. He had cast his eyes in astonishment and looking down beheld neither Goody Clois nor the serpentine staff, but his fellow traveller alone who waited for him calmly as if nothing had happened. That old woman taught me my catechism, said the young man, and there was a whirl of meaning in his simple comment. They continued to walk onward while the elder traveller exhorted his companion to make good speed and persevere in the path, discoursing so aptly that his argument seemed rather to spring up in the bosom of his auditor than to be suggested by himself. As they went he plucked a branch of maple to serve for a walking stick and began to strip it of twigs and little bows, boughs, which were wet with evening dew. The moment his fingers touched them they became strangely withered and dried up as with a week's sunshine. Thus the pair proceeded at a good free pace, till suddenly in a gloomy hollow of the road, Goodman Brown sat himself down on the stump of a tree and refused to go any farther. Friend, he said stubbornly, my mind is made up. Not another step will I budge on this errand? What if a wretched old woman did choose to go to the devil when I thought she was going to heaven? Is that any reason why I should quit my dear faith and go after her? You will think better of this by and by, said his acquaintance, composedly. Sit here and rest yourself awhile, and when you feel like moving again, there's my staff to help you along. Without more words he threw his companion the maple stick and was speedily out of sight, as if he had vanished into the deepening gloom. The young man sat a few moments by the road, applauding himself greatly, and thinking with how clear a conscience he should meet the minister in his morning walk, nor shrink from the eye of good old Deacon Gukin. And what calm sleep would be his that very night which was to have been spent so wickedly and purely and sweetly now in the arms of the faith. Amidst these pleasant and praiseworthy meditations, Goodman Brown heard the tramp of horses along the road and deemed it advisable to conceal himself within the verge of the forest, conscious of the guilty purpose that had brought him thither, now so happily turned from it. On came the hoof tramps and voices of the riders, two grave old voices conversing soberly as they drew near. These mingled sounds appeared to pass along the road within a few yards of the young man's hiding place. But owing doubtless to the depth of the gloom at that particular spot, neither the travelers nor their steeds were visible, though their figures brushed the small boughs by the wayside. It could not be seen that they were intercepted, even for a moment, the faint gleam from the strip of bright sky athwart which they must have passed. Goodman Brown alternately crouched and stood on tiptoe, pulling aside the branches and thrusting forth his head as far as he durst without discerning so much as a shadow. It vexed him the more because he could have sworn were such a thing possible that he recognized the voices of the minister and deacon Gukin, jogging along quietly as they were wont to do, when bound on some ordination or ecclesiastical council, while yet within hearing, one of the riders stopped to pluck a switch. Of the two, Reverend, sir, said the voice like the deacons I had met rather miss an ordination dinner than tonight's meeting. They tell me that some of our community are to be here from Falmouth and beyond, and others from Connecticut and Rhode Island, besides several of the Indian powwows who, after their fashion, know almost as much as devilry as the best of us. Moreover, there's a goodly young woman to be taken into communion. Mighty well Deacin Gukin, replied the solemn old tones of the minister.

SPEAKER_04 18:58

Spur up or we shall be late. Nothing can be done, you know, until I get on the ground.

The Initiation And Faith’s Presence

Morning After And Lifelong Gloom

Credits And Listener Request

SPEAKER_03 19:06

The hoofs clattered again, and the voices talking so strangely in the empty air passed on through the forest where no church had ever been gathered, nor solitary Christian prayed. Whither then could these holy men be journeying so deep into the heathen wilderness? Young Goodman Brown caught hold of the tree for support, being ready to sink down on the ground, faint and overbirthened with the heavy sickness of his heart. He looked up to the sky, doubting whether there was really a heaven above him, yet there was the blue arch and the stars shining in it brightly. With heaven above and faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil, cried Goodman Brown. While he still gazed upward into the deep arch of the firmament, and had lifted his hands to pray, a cloud, though no wind was stirring, hurried across the zenith, and hid the brightening stars. The blue sky was still visible except directly overhead, where this black mass of cloud was sweeping swiftly northward. Aloft in the air as if from the depths of the cloud came a confused and doubtful sound of voices. Once the listener fancied that he could distinguish the accent of townspeople of his own, men and women both pious and ungodly, many of whom had met at the communion table and had seen others rioting at the tavern. The next moment so distinct were the sounds he doubted whether he had heard aught but the murmur of the old forest, whispering without the wind. Then came a stronger swell of those familiar tones, heard daily in the sunshine at Salem Village, but never until now from a cloud of night. There was one voice of a young woman uttering lamentations, yet with an uncertain sorrow and entreating for some favor which perhaps it would grieve her to obtain, and all the unseen multitude, both saints and sinners seemed to encourage her onward. Faith shouted Goodman Brown in a voice of agony and desperation, and the echoes of the forest mocking him, crying, Faith, Faith as if bewildered wretches were seeking her all through the wilderness. A cry of grief, rage, and terror was yet piercing the night, when the unhappy husband held his breath for response. There was a scream, drowned immediately in a louder murmur of voices fading into far off laughter as the dark clouds swept away, leaving the clear and silent sky above Goodman Brown. but something fluttered lightly down through the air and caught the branch of a tree. The young man seized it and beheld a pink ribbon. My faith is gone cried he, after one stupefied moment, there is no good on earth, and sin is but a name. Come, devil, for to thee is this world given. And maddened with despair, so that he laughed loud and long, did Goodman Brown grasp his staff and set forth again at such a rate that he seemed to fly along the forest path rather than to walk or run. The road grew wilder and drearier and more faintly traced and vanished at length, leaving him in the heart of the dark wilderness, still rushing onward with the instinct that guides mortal man to evil. The whole forest was peopled with frightful sounds, the creaking of trees, the howling of wild beasts and the yell of Indians, while sometime the wind told like a distant church bell and sometimes gave a broad roar around the traveler, as if all nature were laughing him to scorn, but he was himself the chief horror of the scene, and shrank not from its other horrors Hawed Goodman Brown when the wind laughed at him, let us hear which will laugh loudest Think not to frighten me with your devilry come witch, come wizard, come Indian powwow, come devil himself and here comes Goodman Brown. You may as well fear him as he fear you In truth all through the haunted forest there could be nothing more frightful than the figure of Goodman Brown. On he flew among the black pines, brandishing his staff with frenzied gestures, now giving vent to an inspiration of horrid blasphemy, and now shouting forth such laughter as to set the echoes of the forest laughing like demons around him. The fiend on him in his own shape is less hideous than when he rages in the breast breast of man. Thus sped the demonic demoniac on his course until quivering among the trees he saw a red light before him, as when the felled trunks and branches of a clearing have been set on fire and throw up their lurid blaze against the sky at the hour of midnight. He paused in a lull of the tempest that had driven him forward and heard the swell of what seemed a hymn rolling solemnly from a distance with the weight of many voices. He knew the tune it was a familiar one in the choir of the village meeting house. The verse died heavily away and was lengthened by a chorus not of human voices, but of all the sounds of the benighted wilderness peeling in awful harmony together. Goodman Brown cried out and his cry was lost to his own ear by its unison with the cry of the desert. In the interval of silence he stole forward until the light glared full upon his eyes. At one extremity of an open space hemmed in by the dark wall of the forest arose a rock, bearing some rude natural resemblance either to an altar or a pulpit and surrounded by four blazing pines, their tops aflame, their stems untouched like candles at an evening meeting the mass of foliage that had overgrown the summit of the rock was all on fire, blazing high into the night and fitfully illuminating the whole field. Each pendant twig and leafy festoon was in a blaze. As the red light arose and fell a numerous congregation alternately shone forth, then disappeared in shadow and again grew as it were, out of the darkness, peopling the heart of the solitary woods it once A grave and dark clad company quoth Goodman Brown in truth they were such among them quivering to and fro between gloom and splendor appeared faces that would be seen next day at the council board of the province, and others which Sabbath after Sabbath looked devoutly heavenward and benign over the crowded pews from the holiest pulpits in the land, some affirm that the lady of the governor was there. At least there were high dames well known to her, and wives of honored husbands and widows, a great multitude and ancient maidens all of excellent repute and fair young girls who trembled lest their mothers should espy them. Either the sudden gleams of light flashing over the obscure field bedazzled Goodman Brown, or he recognized a score of the church members of Salem Village, famous for their especial sanctity. Good old Deacon Gukin had arrived and waited at the skirts of that venerable saint, his reverend pastor, but irreverently consorting with these grave reputable reputable and pious people these elders of the church, these chaste dames and dewy virgins there were men of dissolute lives and women of spotted fame, wretches given over to all mean and filthy vice, and suspected even of horrid crimes. It was strange to see that the good shrank not from the wicked, nor were the sinners abashed by the saints scattered also among their pale faced enemies were the Indian priests or powwows, who had often scarred their native forest with more hideous incantations than any known to English witchcraft. But where is faith thought Goodman Brown and as hope came into his heart he trembled another verse of the hymn arose a slow and mournful strain, such as the pious love, but joined to words which expressed all that our nature can conceive of sin and darkly hinted at far more unfathomable to mere mortals is the lore of fiends verse after verse was sung and still the chorus of the desert swelled between like the deepest tone of a mighty organ and with the final peal of that dreadful anthem there came a sound as if the roaring wind and rushing streams and the howling beasts and every other voice of the unconverted wilderness were mingling in according with the voice of guilty man in homage to the prince of all the four blazing pines threw up a loftier flame and obscurely discovered shapes and visages of horror in the smoke wreaths above the impious assembly. At the same moment the fire on the rock shot readily readily forth and formed a glowing arch above its base where now appeared a figure with reverend be it spoken with reverence be it spoken the figure bore no slight similitude both in garb and manner to some grave divine of the New England churches Bring forth the converts cried the voice that echoed through the field and rolled into the forest at the word Goodman Brown stepped forth from the shadow of trees and approached the congregation with whom he felt a loathful brotherhood. By the sympathy of all that was wicked in his heart he could have well nigh sworn that the shape of his own dead father beckoned him to advance, looking downward from a smoke wreathed wreath, while a woman with dim features of despair threw out her hand to warn him back. Was it his mother? But he had no power to retreat one step, nor to resist even in thought, when the minister and good old Deacon Gukin seized his arms and led him to the blazing rock. Thither came also the slender form of a veiled female between Goody Cloyce that pious teacher of the catechism and Martha Carrier who had received the devil's promise to be queen of hell a rampant hag was she and there stood the proselytes beneath the canopy of fire. Welcome my children said the dark figure, to the communion of your race You have found thus far your nature and your destiny my children look behind you They turned and flashing forth as it were in a sheet of flame, the fiend worshippers were seen the smile of welcome gleams darkly on every visage There resumed the sable form, are all whom ye have reverenced from youth ye deem them holier than yourselves and shrank from your own sin, contrasting it with their lives of righteousness and prayerful aspirations heavenward yet here are they all in my worshiping assembly this night shall be granted you to know their secret deeds, how hoary bearded elders of the church have whispered wanton words to the young maidens of their household how many a woman eager for widow's weeds has given her husband a drink at bedtime and let him sleep his last sleep in her bosom, how beardless youth have made haste and to inherit their father's wealth, how fair damsels blush not sweet ones have dug little graves in the garden, and bidden me the sole guest to an infant's funeral by the sympathy of your human hearts for sin, ye shall send out all the places whether in church, bed chamber, street, field or forest where crime has been committed, and thou shalt exalt to behold the whole earth one stain of guilt, one mighty blood spot far more than this it shall be yours to penetrate in every bosom the deep mystery of sin, the fountain of all wicked hearts, and which inexhaustibly supplies more evil impulses than human power, than my power at its utmost can man make manifest in deeds and now my children look upon each other They did so and by the blaze of the hell kindled torches the wretched man beheld his faith and the wife of her husband trembling before that unhallowed altar. Lo there ye stand my children said the figure in a deep solemn tone, almost sad with its despairing awfulness as if his once angelic nature could yet mourn for our miserable race. Depending upon one another's hearts you had still hoped that virtue were not at all a dream. Now are ye deceived evil is the very nature of mankind evil must be your only happiness welcome again my children to the community of your race Welcome repeated the fiend worshipers in one cry of despair and triumph. And they stood and there they stood the only pair as it seemed, who were yet hesitating on the verge of wickedness in this dark world. A basin was hollowed naturally in the rock did it contain water reddened by lurid light or was it blood or perhaps or perchance a liquid flame? Herein did the shape of evil dip his hand and prepare to lay the mark of baptism upon their foreheads that they might be partakers of the mystery of sin, more conscious of the secret guilt of others, both indeed and thought than they could now be of their own. The husband cast one look at his pale wife and faith at him what polluted wretches would the next glance show them to each other, shuddering alike at what they disclosed and what they saw Faith, faith cried the husband, look up to heaven, resist the wicked one Whether faith obeyed he knew not hardly had he spoken when he found himself amid calm night and solitude, listening to a roar of the wind which died heavenly heavily away through the forest he staggered against the rock and it and felt it chill and damp while a hanging twig that had all had been all on fire but sprinkled his cheek with the coldest dew. The next morning young Goodman Brown came slowly into the street of Salem village, staring around him like a bewildered man. The good old minister was taking a walk along the graveyard to get an appetite for breakfast and meditate on his sermon and bestowed a blessing as he passed on Goodman Brown. He shrank from the venerable saint as if to avoid an anathema Old Deacon Gukin was at the domestic worship and the holy words of his prayer were heard through the open window What God doth the wizard pray to quoth Goodman Brown Goody Clooty Cloy see Cloy that excellent old Christian stood in the early sunshine at her own lattice, catechizing a little girl who had brought her a pint of morning's milk. Goodman Brown snatched away the child as from the grasp of the fiend himself. Turning the corner by the meeting house he spied the head of faith with the pink ribbons gazing anxiously forth and bursting into such joy at sight of him that she skipped along the street and almost kissed her husband before the whole village. But Goodman Brown looked sternly and sadly into her face and passed on without a greeting had Goodman Brown falling as fallen asleep in the forest and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch meeting? Be it so if you will, but alas it was a dream of evil omen for young Goodman Brown, a stern, a sad, a darkly meditative a distrustful if not a desperate man did he become from the night of that fearful dream on the Sabbath day when the congregation were singing a holy psalm he could not listen, because an anthem of sin rushed loudly upon his ear and drowned all the blessed strain. When the minister spoke from the pulpit with power and fervid eloquence and with his hand on the open Bible of the sacred truths of our religion and of saint like lives and triumphant deaths and of future bliss or misery unutterable then did Goodman Brown turn pale, dreading lest the roof should thunder down the gray blasphemer and his hearers. Often awaking suddenly at midnight he shrank from the bosom of faith and that morning or even tide when the family knelt down at prayer he scowled and muttered to himself and gazed sternly at his wife and turned away and when he had lived long and was born to his grave a hoary corpse followed by faith an aged woman and children and grandchildren a goodly procession besides neighbors not a few they carved no hopeful verse upon his tombstone for his dying hour was gloom this has been young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne please like and subscribe and if you're listening on YouTube click on the little bell icon and you'll be notified in the future thank you