{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":0.879,"endTime":2.71,"body":"You're listening to For the Record,"},{"startTime":3.0,"endTime":5.71,"body":"a registrar podcast sponsored by Acro."},{"startTime":6.039,"endTime":7.32,"body":"I'm Doctor Zachary Pardos,"},{"startTime":7.38,"endTime":9.479,"body":"associate professor of education at UC Berkeley,"},{"startTime":9.76,"endTime":12.68,"body":"and this is harnessing artificial intelligence and Higher Education."},{"startTime":20.86,"endTime":21.889,"body":"Hello."},{"startTime":22.219,"endTime":23.219,"body":"Welcome to For the Record."},{"startTime":23.34,"endTime":23.979,"body":"I'm your host,"},{"startTime":24.1,"endTime":25.049,"body":"Doug McKenna,"},{"startTime":25.299,"endTime":28.69,"body":"University registrar at George Mason University in Fairfax,"},{"startTime":28.78,"endTime":29.37,"body":"Virginia."},{"startTime":30.17,"endTime":31.0,"body":"In March,"},{"startTime":31.04,"endTime":34.229,"body":"I put out an episode about artificial intelligence,"},{"startTime":34.25,"endTime":37.709,"body":"and I expressed some skepticism about potential"},{"startTime":37.709,"endTime":40.11,"body":"applications of AI in the registrar's office"},{"startTime":40.4,"endTime":41.79,"body":"and in the work that we do."},{"startTime":42.119,"endTime":45.63,"body":"I received some really interesting feedback about that episode,"},{"startTime":45.84,"endTime":48.549,"body":"especially from people who made the point that individuals"},{"startTime":48.88,"endTime":52.509,"body":"can leverage AI to improve their own performance or to assist"},{"startTime":52.799,"endTime":56.2,"body":"with a task that would have taken a lot longer without using AI."},{"startTime":56.68,"endTime":59.099,"body":"And while those examples are certainly compelling,"},{"startTime":59.229,"endTime":61.939,"body":"and I didn't mean to imply that AI wasn't useful."},{"startTime":62.599,"endTime":68.41,"body":"I haven't been sold on the adoption overall of AI by registrars' offices,"},{"startTime":68.58,"endTime":69.739,"body":"not completely anyway."},{"startTime":70.93,"endTime":71.62,"body":"But then"},{"startTime":71.849,"endTime":73.819,"body":"at the annual meeting in Seattle this April,"},{"startTime":74.01,"endTime":74.72,"body":"our guest today,"},{"startTime":74.769,"endTime":78.48,"body":"who runs the Computational approaches to Human Learning Research Lab,"},{"startTime":79.059,"endTime":81.889,"body":"co-presented a plenary session about ways"},{"startTime":81.889,"endTime":85.279,"body":"higher education was harnessing artificial intelligence."},{"startTime":86.36,"endTime":88.699,"body":"He showed examples of ways AI was helping"},{"startTime":88.699,"endTime":91.889,"body":"student mobility by improving the transfer credit process,"},{"startTime":92.22,"endTime":96.849,"body":"but also by enabling kinds of degree exploration that previously"},{"startTime":97.22,"endTime":100.15,"body":"would have been incredibly labor intensive."},{"startTime":100.54,"endTime":101.61,"body":"And I thought to myself,"},{"startTime":101.62,"endTime":102.26,"body":"self,"},{"startTime":102.739,"endTime":105.089,"body":"maybe AI can and should"},{"startTime":105.379,"endTime":107.339,"body":"be applied to the work registrars do."},{"startTime":108.18,"endTime":112.199,"body":"So let's talk more about that with Doctor Zach Pardos from UC Berkeley."},{"startTime":113.97,"endTime":114.599,"body":"Doctor Pratos,"},{"startTime":114.61,"endTime":115.12,"body":"welcome"},{"startTime":115.33,"endTime":116.44,"body":"to the podcast."},{"startTime":116.529,"endTime":117.599,"body":"Thanks for being here."},{"startTime":118.129,"endTime":118.489,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":119.589,"endTime":123.66,"body":"And I can call you Zachary for the or Zach for this conversation."},{"startTime":123.919,"endTime":124.05,"body":"Yes,"},{"startTime":124.169,"endTime":124.449,"body":"please."},{"startTime":124.849,"endTime":125.36,"body":"Perfect."},{"startTime":125.41,"endTime":125.61,"body":"Thanks,"},{"startTime":125.65,"endTime":125.879,"body":"Zach."},{"startTime":126.25,"endTime":127.33,"body":"So to kick us off,"},{"startTime":127.41,"endTime":129.419,"body":"would you tell us a little bit about yourself,"},{"startTime":129.69,"endTime":130.25,"body":"where you're from,"},{"startTime":130.33,"endTime":131.199,"body":"what you do,"},{"startTime":131.41,"endTime":135.039,"body":"maybe a little bit how you wound up working on AI"},{"startTime":135.21,"endTime":136.089,"body":"at UC Berkeley?"},{"startTime":137.35,"endTime":137.669,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":137.789,"endTime":138.33,"body":"so"},{"startTime":138.55,"endTime":140.75,"body":"I'm an associate professor at Berkeley."},{"startTime":140.789,"endTime":141.809,"body":"I'm in the School of Education,"},{"startTime":141.889,"endTime":143.279,"body":"but I also teach a large"},{"startTime":143.71,"endTime":146.339,"body":"data science course in our data science major"},{"startTime":146.669,"endTime":149.5,"body":"and have an affiliate position in cognitive science."},{"startTime":149.71,"endTime":150.699,"body":"My background is"},{"startTime":150.869,"endTime":152.509,"body":"is all computer science,"},{"startTime":152.789,"endTime":153.71,"body":"bachelor's,"},{"startTime":153.88,"endTime":154.91,"body":"masters,"},{"startTime":155.11,"endTime":156.8,"body":"postdoc at MIT,"},{"startTime":156.869,"endTime":157.13,"body":"however,"},{"startTime":157.309,"endTime":159.77,"body":"through that whole education,"},{"startTime":159.99,"endTime":160.91,"body":"all those phases,"},{"startTime":161.029,"endTime":162.669,"body":"I've been focused on applying."},{"startTime":163.21,"endTime":165.139,"body":"AI techniques to education,"},{"startTime":165.419,"endTime":168.779,"body":"including my PhD was on computational models of"},{"startTime":169.149,"endTime":170.5,"body":"of student learning."},{"startTime":170.789,"endTime":171.36,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":171.589,"endTime":174.85,"body":"I think it all came from a curiosity of how the"},{"startTime":175.32,"endTime":176.149,"body":"mind works,"},{"startTime":176.229,"endTime":177.949,"body":"what's the architecture of the mind,"},{"startTime":178.029,"endTime":179.3,"body":"what is it analogous to?"},{"startTime":179.389,"endTime":182.86,"body":"Is it analogous to a hard drive and memory in a computer,"},{"startTime":183.429,"endTime":183.619,"body":"um,"},{"startTime":183.63,"endTime":185.88,"body":"that kind of wasn't a sufficient analogy,"},{"startTime":185.949,"endTime":186.3,"body":"but,"},{"startTime":186.429,"endTime":186.71,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":187.029,"endTime":189.0,"body":"AI was a very intriguing"},{"startTime":189.309,"endTime":190.5,"body":"way to study."},{"startTime":191.179,"endTime":193.3,"body":"And how that reflects human cognition,"},{"startTime":193.389,"endTime":195.46,"body":"and then to use AI to study."},{"startTime":196.24,"endTime":196.5,"body":"Uh,"},{"startTime":196.559,"endTime":197.32,"body":"learners"},{"startTime":197.479,"endTime":199.869,"body":"and pathways to higher education"},{"startTime":200.52,"endTime":201.27,"body":"became um"},{"startTime":201.72,"endTime":202.559,"body":"intriguing pursuit."},{"startTime":203.46,"endTime":203.96,"body":"Right on."},{"startTime":204.259,"endTime":205.66,"body":"So right here at the top,"},{"startTime":205.74,"endTime":208.899,"body":"let's start by defining some terms because there are"},{"startTime":208.899,"endTime":212.169,"body":"a bunch of misconceptions about AI being brand new"},{"startTime":212.5,"endTime":212.97,"body":"and"},{"startTime":213.139,"endTime":213.83,"body":"in general,"},{"startTime":213.86,"endTime":215.85,"body":"when people talk about AI these days,"},{"startTime":216.1,"endTime":219.589,"body":"it's almost always about generative AI or more specifically,"},{"startTime":219.66,"endTime":224.83,"body":"it seems like there's been a reductive understanding of AI that AI equals chat GPT"},{"startTime":225.419,"endTime":225.929,"body":"and"},{"startTime":226.22,"endTime":227.899,"body":"we know that it's a lot more than that."},{"startTime":228.38,"endTime":228.75,"body":"But"},{"startTime":228.88,"endTime":231.91,"body":"would you tell us how do you define AI?"},{"startTime":231.919,"endTime":234.089,"body":"And when you talk to people about AI,"},{"startTime":234.429,"endTime":235.309,"body":"what do you mean?"},{"startTime":236.589,"endTime":236.779,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":236.82,"endTime":237.52,"body":"I can give a,"},{"startTime":237.589,"endTime":241.669,"body":"I can give a sort of a popular definition of it and and the the way I've seen AI."},{"startTime":241.899,"endTime":243.039,"body":"So when when I was a"},{"startTime":243.72,"endTime":246.35,"body":"Undergrad and then a a PhD student,"},{"startTime":246.639,"endTime":247.789,"body":"I was using"},{"startTime":248.119,"endTime":254.07,"body":"a kind of machine learning model called Bayes Network to estimate if students had"},{"startTime":254.36,"endTime":255.83,"body":"learned Pythagorean theorem,"},{"startTime":256.04,"endTime":256.829,"body":"for example,"},{"startTime":257.119,"endTime":260.91,"body":"by observing their various actions within a tutoring system."},{"startTime":261.16,"endTime":262.709,"body":"Beya Networks back then"},{"startTime":263.119,"endTime":264.75,"body":"was considered the AI,"},{"startTime":265.32,"endTime":265.519,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":265.72,"endTime":267.07,"body":"model to be"},{"startTime":267.44,"endTime":267.88,"body":"studying."},{"startTime":268.179,"endTime":272.769,"body":"And so I think AI is anything that's pushing the"},{"startTime":272.769,"endTime":276.899,"body":"boundary between the tasks that computers are good at,"},{"startTime":277.209,"endTime":278.399,"body":"and the tasks that"},{"startTime":278.57,"endTime":279.88,"body":"only humans are good at."},{"startTime":280.41,"endTime":285.89,"body":"So right now it's neural networks which drive chat GBT those,"},{"startTime":286.049,"endTime":287.399,"body":"that is the primary"},{"startTime":287.69,"endTime":289.989,"body":"sort of modeling paradigm that's"},{"startTime":290.25,"endTime":293.45,"body":"trying to push that boundary of of what only humans are good"},{"startTime":293.45,"endTime":296.01,"body":"at and trying to make computers good at some of that too,"},{"startTime":296.089,"endTime":297.309,"body":"and you see that in"},{"startTime":297.76,"endTime":299.019,"body":"Intelligent gameplay,"},{"startTime":299.1,"endTime":300.41,"body":"like games like Go or,"},{"startTime":300.42,"endTime":300.97,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":301.1,"endTime":303.97,"body":"um chess has been sort of beaten for a long time,"},{"startTime":304.14,"endTime":305.66,"body":"and now I suppose driving,"},{"startTime":305.769,"endTime":305.98,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":306.059,"endTime":309.82,"body":"Autonomous driving and and what what are the kind of computational"},{"startTime":309.82,"endTime":312.69,"body":"models that are trying to make computers good at driving too,"},{"startTime":312.82,"endTime":315.94,"body":"and it's it's neural networks and really the same kind of neural networks that"},{"startTime":316.179,"endTime":317.809,"body":"that power chat GPT."},{"startTime":318.589,"endTime":322.0,"body":"I wish there was an application that would make humans good at driving."},{"startTime":323.049,"endTime":323.149,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":323.23,"endTime":324.029,"body":"we haven't mastered that."},{"startTime":324.07,"endTime":325.5,"body":"It's a bad example."},{"startTime":325.649,"endTime":328.109,"body":"Make computers good at something humans were never all that good."},{"startTime":330.109,"endTime":331.94,"body":"Let's talk a little bit about your lab."},{"startTime":332.149,"endTime":332.54,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":332.76,"endTime":333.799,"body":"you run"},{"startTime":334.309,"endTime":335.899,"body":"what's called the"},{"startTime":336.269,"endTime":340.089,"body":"computational approaches to Human Learning Research Lab."},{"startTime":340.47,"endTime":341.589,"body":"Tell us a little bit about that."},{"startTime":341.67,"endTime":342.94,"body":"How many researchers are there?"},{"startTime":343.029,"endTime":344.5,"body":"What's the focus of the lab?"},{"startTime":344.899,"endTime":345.269,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":345.429,"endTime":347.5,"body":"what kind of work does your lab do?"},{"startTime":348.73,"endTime":349.079,"body":"Sure,"},{"startTime":349.25,"endTime":349.809,"body":"so,"},{"startTime":350.13,"endTime":352.109,"body":"lab was founded when I joined"},{"startTime":352.369,"endTime":356.04,"body":"uh UC Berkeley as an assistant professor in 2013,"},{"startTime":356.39,"endTime":360.959,"body":"and we study AI applications for credit mobility,"},{"startTime":361.329,"endTime":363.0,"body":"for advising,"},{"startTime":363.329,"endTime":365.67,"body":"and for adaptive tutoring,"},{"startTime":365.73,"endTime":368.88,"body":"all in the context of higher education."},{"startTime":369.17,"endTime":372.0,"body":"In 2015 we uh submitted."},{"startTime":372.359,"endTime":372.54,"body":"Uh,"},{"startTime":372.559,"endTime":376.39,"body":"NSF grants to apply what have today become"},{"startTime":376.76,"endTime":376.98,"body":"the,"},{"startTime":377.0,"endTime":379.399,"body":"the go to AI of of neural 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growing."},{"startTime":401.959,"endTime":402.079,"body":"Uh,"},{"startTime":402.149,"endTime":405.39,"body":"we have 5 PhD students,"},{"startTime":405.63,"endTime":409.38,"body":"3 research uh data analyst students are sort of kind of like postdocs,"},{"startTime":409.39,"endTime":410.679,"body":"but postmasters."},{"startTime":410.709,"endTime":412.17,"body":"They have a research position"},{"startTime":412.589,"endTime":412.98,"body":"and,"},{"startTime":412.989,"endTime":413.489,"body":"um,"},{"startTime":413.67,"endTime":413.98,"body":"uh,"},{"startTime":413.989,"endTime":414.709,"body":"a healthy"},{"startTime":415.149,"endTime":416.989,"body":"team of about 15 undergraduates."},{"startTime":417.109,"endTime":417.79,"body":"That's awesome."},{"startTime":417.989,"endTime":419.66,"body":"And have you been affected by,"},{"startTime":419.869,"endTime":421.709,"body":"did any of your grants get 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things."},{"startTime":444.72,"endTime":444.88,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":445.579,"endTime":449.73,"body":"At the annual meeting you talked a little bit and showed us some pretty impressive"},{"startTime":450.22,"endTime":453.899,"body":"images about using data to sort of map relationships"},{"startTime":454.26,"endTime":457.17,"body":"either between individual classes or subjects overall."},{"startTime":457.42,"endTime":460.89,"body":"And I think that that was in reference to some credit mobility"},{"startTime":461.26,"endTime":464.01,"body":"issues and then also some advising issues."},{"startTime":464.059,"endTime":466.82,"body":"But would you tell us a little bit about how that was done,"},{"startTime":466.899,"endTime":468.089,"body":"what data sets were used,"},{"startTime":468.26,"endTime":469.57,"body":"how you gathered that data,"},{"startTime":469.64,"endTime":470.29,"body":"and then"},{"startTime":470.619,"endTime":472.89,"body":"why did you put those things 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wear"},{"startTime":549.19,"endTime":550.96,"body":"or maybe the listeners here will know that,"},{"startTime":551.039,"endTime":552.599,"body":"but um my students may not."},{"startTime":553.13,"endTime":555.409,"body":"And uh but I could say I,"},{"startTime":555.53,"endTime":555.65,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":555.729,"endTime":557.57,"body":"was thrilled by the movie I'm gonna buy it on Blu."},{"startTime":557.69,"endTime":561.359,"body":"So I can replace different words and even though you don't know what blank meant,"},{"startTime":561.53,"endTime":563.57,"body":"you can infer from context what"},{"startTime":564.049,"endTime":564.94,"body":"that word is about."},{"startTime":565.01,"endTime":566.01,"body":"And so similarly,"},{"startTime":566.039,"endTime":568.13,"body":"the neural network kind of infers"},{"startTime":568.45,"endTime":571.039,"body":"what courses are about from looking at"},{"startTime":571.32,"endTime":572.21,"body":"tens of thousands,"},{"startTime":572.289,"endTime":574.63,"body":"even hundreds of thousands of such sequences,"},{"startTime":574.69,"endTime":576.599,"body":"but instead of sequences of words,"},{"startTime":576.89,"endTime":578.049,"body":"it's sequences of course."},{"startTime":578.619,"endTime":579.809,"body":"So you OK,"},{"startTime":580.09,"endTime":580.809,"body":"everything was taken here,"},{"startTime":580.849,"endTime":582.28,"body":"but this was replaced with that."},{"startTime":582.409,"endTime":584.45,"body":"Maybe that is an elective or maybe"},{"startTime":584.45,"endTime":586.52,"body":"that's satisfying the same requirement category."},{"startTime":586.729,"endTime":587.64,"body":"So in any case,"},{"startTime":587.84,"endTime":590.969,"body":"enrollment histories and then later catalog descriptions were fed"},{"startTime":590.969,"endTime":593.08,"body":"to the neural network to look at similarity,"},{"startTime":593.369,"endTime":595.559,"body":"and we validated that against"},{"startTime":595.849,"endTime":597.849,"body":"uh faculty definitions"},{"startTime":598.09,"endTime":599.65,"body":"of courses that are so similar,"},{"startTime":599.69,"endTime":603.239,"body":"you can't get credit for taking both restrictions."},{"startTime":603.609,"endTime":606.13,"body":"And then we started applying that cross institutionally."},{"startTime":606.659,"endTime":606.82,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":606.83,"endTime":610.65,"body":"And that cross institutional similarity is essentially a"},{"startTime":610.94,"endTime":612.859,"body":"um addresses a big problem with transfer,"},{"startTime":612.94,"endTime":615.5,"body":"which is credit mobility and articulation."},{"startTime":615.83,"endTime":616.059,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":617.169,"endTime":620.01,"body":"When you pulled those data initially,"},{"startTime":620.33,"endTime":625.239,"body":"one of the concerns about using AI in higher 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helping aid in common course numbering."},{"startTime":1192.145,"endTime":1192.464,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":1192.474,"endTime":1195.704,"body":"and so how are these things connected where you have a common course number,"},{"startTime":1195.834,"endTime":1196.435,"body":"in some cases,"},{"startTime":1196.515,"endTime":1197.474,"body":"you have a course to course,"},{"startTime":1197.515,"endTime":1200.594,"body":"in some cases you have a new gen ed taxonomy."},{"startTime":1201.13,"endTime":1204.65,"body":"How can AI sort of help smooth the edges between these things?"},{"startTime":1204.689,"endTime":1205.479,"body":"And I think"},{"startTime":1205.88,"endTime":1209.329,"body":"the the first killer application will be"},{"startTime":1209.329,"endTime":1211.88,"body":"kind of automating the creation of crosswalks"},{"startTime":1212.329,"endTime":1214.369,"body":"between all these types of educational objects."},{"startTime":1214.53,"endTime":1215.52,"body":"Fascinating."},{"startTime":1215.89,"endTime":1216.319,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1216.609,"endTime":1217.619,"body":"Say more about that."},{"startTime":1218.13,"endTime":1218.209,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":1218.369,"endTime":1218.609,"body":"so,"},{"startTime":1218.77,"endTime":1219.329,"body":"um,"},{"startTime":1219.489,"endTime":1219.89,"body":"first of all,"},{"startTime":1220.01,"endTime":1220.81,"body":"state to state,"},{"startTime":1220.969,"endTime":1221.89,"body":"there's different."},{"startTime":1222.459,"endTime":1223.369,"body":"Geneds,"},{"startTime":1224.63,"endTime":1224.64,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":1224.65,"endTime":1225.65,"body":"There's and some"},{"startTime":1225.91,"endTime":1227.099,"body":"-- states"},{"startTime":1225.91,"endTime":1227.099,"body":"-- academic freedom."},{"startTime":1227.26,"endTime":1228.239,"body":"That's the freedom."},{"startTime":1228.56,"endTime":1232.369,"body":"Everybody gets to decide what's theirs and how it runs"},{"startTime":1232.78,"endTime":1234.65,"body":"-- exactly"},{"startTime":1232.78,"endTime":1234.65,"body":"-- creates all these problems,"},{"startTime":1234.819,"endTime":1236.54,"body":"creates all these problems and some states like"},{"startTime":1236.54,"endTime":1238.42,"body":"Texas are lucky enough to have many text."},{"startTime":1239.15,"endTime":1240.38,"body":"and many systems."},{"startTime":1240.67,"endTime":1241.15,"body":"And"},{"startTime":1241.51,"endTime":1242.18,"body":"on one hand,"},{"startTime":1242.39,"endTime":1244.229,"body":"you want to allow academic freedom."},{"startTime":1244.27,"endTime":1244.75,"body":"On the other hand,"},{"startTime":1244.79,"endTime":1247.469,"body":"it creates a lot of logistical nightmares when it comes to"},{"startTime":1247.469,"endTime":1250.15,"body":"credit evaluation and understanding how students"},{"startTime":1250.15,"endTime":1251.81,"body":"can move between institutions and,"},{"startTime":1251.829,"endTime":1252.75,"body":"and I guess have"},{"startTime":1253.069,"endTime":1254.63,"body":"student credit freedom,"},{"startTime":1254.949,"endTime":1255.55,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":1255.93,"endTime":1259.719,"body":"And and so what AI can do is help us."},{"startTime":1260.16,"endTime":1261.63,"body":"Maintain both,"},{"startTime":1261.719,"endTime":1262.189,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1262.329,"endTime":1264.709,"body":"you can have your academic freedom,"},{"startTime":1264.839,"endTime":1266.209,"body":"we're gonna use AI"},{"startTime":1266.4,"endTime":1267.27,"body":"to estimate"},{"startTime":1267.479,"endTime":1268.28,"body":"the crosswalks,"},{"startTime":1268.339,"endTime":1272.079,"body":"the equivalencies between different degree requirements,"},{"startTime":1272.16,"endTime":1274.3,"body":"different gen ed major requirements,"},{"startTime":1274.56,"endTime":1275.04,"body":"etc."},{"startTime":1275.439,"endTime":1275.949,"body":"I think"},{"startTime":1276.239,"endTime":1278.79,"body":"part of that compromise needs to be,"},{"startTime":1278.88,"endTime":1279.04,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1279.16,"endTime":1281.89,"body":"that that faculty have an open mind"},{"startTime":1282.199,"endTime":1285.189,"body":"uh to incorporating technology in this way."},{"startTime":1285.319,"endTime":1285.579,"body":"It,"},{"startTime":1285.93,"endTime":1286.79,"body":"in my view,"},{"startTime":1287.04,"endTime":1288.51,"body":"it's taking"},{"startTime":1288.849,"endTime":1291.63,"body":"It it's something they have to be involved in in in terms of governance,"},{"startTime":1291.709,"endTime":1293.18,"body":"but it's also not"},{"startTime":1293.67,"endTime":1297.02,"body":"a task that most faculty would put in the top 10"},{"startTime":1297.349,"endTime":1299.05,"body":"of things they pride themselves in,"},{"startTime":1299.189,"endTime":1299.31,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1299.39,"endTime":1300.39,"body":"as part of their position."},{"startTime":1300.43,"endTime":1302.829,"body":"I don't think they necessarily want to be making."},{"startTime":1303.099,"endTime":1303.359,"body":"You know,"},{"startTime":1303.5,"endTime":1306.349,"body":"dozens or hundreds of decisions about credit equivalency"},{"startTime":1306.349,"endTime":1308.189,"body":"as a faculty member teaching a course."},{"startTime":1308.319,"endTime":1310.43,"body":"And if they could be assured"},{"startTime":1310.689,"endTime":1313.31,"body":"that students aren't going to come to their course"},{"startTime":1313.31,"endTime":1316.39,"body":"or the post requisite of their course unprepared,"},{"startTime":1316.52,"endTime":1319.31,"body":"I think they're happy to delegate that to another process."},{"startTime":1319.68,"endTime":1319.76,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":1319.88,"endTime":1321.839,"body":"I think 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course,"},{"startTime":1346.56,"endTime":1346.79,"body":"right."},{"startTime":1346.959,"endTime":1347.65,"body":"But as you said,"},{"startTime":1347.719,"endTime":1348.8,"body":"like it's not."},{"startTime":1349.189,"endTime":1351.819,"body":"It's not high on the list of tasks for faculty"},{"startTime":1351.819,"endTime":1355.93,"body":"members to review course syllabi from other institutions to see"},{"startTime":1356.26,"endTime":1357.13,"body":"if this"},{"startTime":1357.42,"endTime":1359.849,"body":"the course over there matches the course over here."},{"startTime":1360.5,"endTime":1360.66,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":1360.709,"endTime":1362.089,"body":"And they're they're usually,"},{"startTime":1362.3,"endTime":1366.869,"body":"they have less information than they need to really make a strong prediction"},{"startTime":1366.869,"endTime":1370.4,"body":"of how that transfer student will perform and transfer students are very gritty,"},{"startTime":1370.619,"endTime":1372.15,"body":"so they're probably going to perform fine."},{"startTime":1372.3,"endTime":1372.569,"body":"So,"},{"startTime":1372.619,"endTime":1373.01,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1373.219,"endTime":1373.3,"body":"I,"},{"startTime":1373.439,"endTime":1376.26,"body":"I think we can offload that cognitive load of."},{"startTime":1376.349,"endTime":1378.689,"body":"Asking faculty to create that predictive model"},{"startTime":1378.9,"endTime":1379.89,"body":"and and use"},{"startTime":1380.06,"endTime":1382.41,"body":"modern technology and analytics with them in the loop,"},{"startTime":1382.459,"endTime":1383.66,"body":"maybe letting them know,"},{"startTime":1383.739,"endTime":1386.849,"body":"here's the students who got credit for your course and how well they did,"},{"startTime":1387.099,"endTime":1387.26,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1387.42,"endTime":1390.18,"body":"do you want to initiate a reconsideration of their articulation?"},{"startTime":1390.219,"endTime":1392.329,"body":"Are you fine to keep it the way it is by default?"},{"startTime":1392.699,"endTime":1395.969,"body":"So I think there's a happy medium that is out there for sure."},{"startTime":1396.18,"endTime":1398.31,"body":"And that's what we'll be exploring in this current phase."},{"startTime":1398.579,"endTime":1399.209,"body":"That's cool."},{"startTime":1399.5,"endTime":1400.26,"body":"I appreciate that."},{"startTime":1400.91,"endTime":1402.78,"body":"Let's go a little higher level,"},{"startTime":1402.91,"endTime":1406.02,"body":"and I'm interested in your thoughts on"},{"startTime":1406.349,"endTime":1411.069,"body":"what are the ways that AI has the potential to change higher education and,"},{"startTime":1411.189,"endTime":1411.38,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1411.51,"endTime":1413.65,"body":"are those foundational changes,"},{"startTime":1413.79,"endTime":1416.849,"body":"meaning like this AI is a true industry shifter,"},{"startTime":1417.469,"endTime":1422.02,"body":"or do you think that AI will play more of a streamlining sort of softening the edges,"},{"startTime":1422.339,"endTime":1424.219,"body":"reducing administrative burden,"},{"startTime":1424.469,"endTime":1426.54,"body":"kinds of a role."},{"startTime":1426.67,"endTime":1427.06,"body":"What"},{"startTime":1427.189,"endTime":1428.599,"body":"in your opinion?"},{"startTime":1429.119,"endTime":1430.16,"body":"What potential"},{"startTime":1430.339,"endTime":1431.569,"body":"does AI have?"},{"startTime":1432.29,"endTime":1434.709,"body":"I think a little of both."},{"startTime":1435.02,"endTime":1435.609,"body":"So,"},{"startTime":1435.78,"endTime":1435.939,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1436.06,"endTime":1436.16,"body":"the,"},{"startTime":1436.26,"endTime":1440.319,"body":"the first kinds of products or innovations will be around efficiency,"},{"startTime":1440.459,"endTime":1440.8,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":1440.81,"endTime":1440.819,"body":"And,"},{"startTime":1440.9,"endTime":1442.739,"body":"and softening those edges."},{"startTime":1442.979,"endTime":1443.18,"body":"Also,"},{"startTime":1443.219,"endTime":1443.42,"body":"with,"},{"startTime":1443.459,"endTime":1445.17,"body":"with most introduction of,"},{"startTime":1445.339,"endTime":1446.53,"body":"of technology,"},{"startTime":1446.66,"endTime":1448.569,"body":"it's usually education that's"},{"startTime":1448.859,"endTime":1451.459,"body":"pitched as it's gonna revolutionize education"},{"startTime":1451.459,"endTime":1453.579,"body":"and being around for enough decades of"},{"startTime":1453.77,"endTime":1454.489,"body":"of those"},{"startTime":1454.939,"endTime":1455.819,"body":"catalysts,"},{"startTime":1455.9,"endTime":1456.06,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1456.099,"endTime":1458.18,"body":"it usually has a mild effect."},{"startTime":1458.64,"endTime":1460.16,"body":"In the case of AI where I,"},{"startTime":1460.349,"endTime":1462.489,"body":"where this does feel like it could be,"},{"startTime":1462.589,"endTime":1462.869,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1463.15,"endTime":1463.979,"body":"bigger than"},{"startTime":1464.349,"endTime":1466.31,"body":"other technologies that have been introduced,"},{"startTime":1466.349,"endTime":1468.03,"body":"like it's certainly gonna be bigger than MOOCs,"},{"startTime":1468.069,"endTime":1468.28,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":1468.589,"endTime":1470.219,"body":"I was just gonna say MOOCs,"},{"startTime":1470.469,"endTime":1470.579,"body":"like,"},{"startTime":1470.589,"endTime":1472.9,"body":"you remember when MOOCs were going to destroy education."},{"startTime":1473.15,"endTime":1477.14,"body":"I remember I was at MIT at the debut of the yeah."},{"startTime":1477.81,"endTime":1478.439,"body":"And now we're,"},{"startTime":1478.599,"endTime":1478.849,"body":"yeah,"},{"startTime":1479.0,"endTime":1479.52,"body":"um,"},{"startTime":1479.849,"endTime":1480.709,"body":"and Sam Altman,"},{"startTime":1480.839,"endTime":1483.719,"body":"I think is saying AI can be bigger than the internet."},{"startTime":1483.8,"endTime":1485.459,"body":"So it's going to be like somewhere between there,"},{"startTime":1485.599,"endTime":1486.359,"body":"bigger than the internet,"},{"startTime":1486.439,"endTime":1487.31,"body":"bigger than MOOCs,"},{"startTime":1487.56,"endTime":1490.39,"body":"between the internet and MOOCs maybe I think is reasonable."},{"startTime":1490.76,"endTime":1491.27,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":1491.77,"endTime":1493.959,"body":"I think in terms of like the structure of"},{"startTime":1493.959,"endTime":1496.75,"body":"higher ed or at least higher ed administration,"},{"startTime":1497.199,"endTime":1499.75,"body":"I hope that AI has the role of"},{"startTime":1500.04,"endTime":1501.599,"body":"making us less siloed."},{"startTime":1502.089,"endTime":1502.39,"body":"You know,"},{"startTime":1502.589,"endTime":1502.67,"body":"in,"},{"startTime":1502.829,"endTime":1503.479,"body":"in what we do,"},{"startTime":1503.709,"endTime":1504.859,"body":"I know some,"},{"startTime":1504.91,"endTime":1506.089,"body":"some faculty work,"},{"startTime":1506.15,"endTime":1510.63,"body":"particularly at the upper division is going to necessarily be kind of bespoke,"},{"startTime":1510.75,"endTime":1510.92,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":1510.989,"endTime":1512.099,"body":"And it's going to be"},{"startTime":1512.349,"endTime":1512.709,"body":"their own,"},{"startTime":1513.189,"endTime":1514.53,"body":"as are all courses they teach,"},{"startTime":1514.589,"endTime":1516.14,"body":"but things that we do,"},{"startTime":1516.27,"endTime":1517.819,"body":"whether it's 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like,"},{"startTime":1544.17,"endTime":1545.329,"body":"but this is how it is."},{"startTime":1545.489,"endTime":1545.609,"body":"Right,"},{"startTime":1545.729,"endTime":1545.89,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1545.969,"endTime":1548.16,"body":"if the course comes in and has a 0 at the start,"},{"startTime":1548.209,"endTime":1549.609,"body":"we convert that to an A,"},{"startTime":1549.67,"endTime":1549.9,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1550.01,"endTime":1551.29,"body":"all of these little rules."},{"startTime":1551.329,"endTime":1553.53,"body":"I think it can help add sanity to that,"},{"startTime":1553.65,"endTime":1555.109,"body":"especially the information systems,"},{"startTime":1555.13,"endTime":1558.13,"body":"which will in in um in the end help students as well."},{"startTime":1558.51,"endTime":1558.53,"body":"Right on."},{"startTime":1559.38,"endTime":1561.209,"body":"So that's sort of for me,"},{"startTime":1561.52,"endTime":1563.42,"body":"that's sort of the 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that."},{"startTime":1584.81,"endTime":1589.319,"body":"So my my standards for higher ed are kind of low in terms of like what is a big change."},{"startTime":1589.41,"endTime":1591.839,"body":"-- So I saw what I just said is like"},{"startTime":1589.41,"endTime":1591.839,"body":"-- a big change,"},{"startTime":1593.5,"endTime":1593.51,"body":"um."},{"startTime":1594.209,"endTime":1594.819,"body":"But"},{"startTime":1595.06,"endTime":1595.89,"body":"maybe that's not,"},{"startTime":1596.02,"endTime":1597.209,"body":"I think that's realistic,"},{"startTime":1597.38,"endTime":1597.54,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":1597.78,"endTime":1598.13,"body":"Like,"},{"startTime":1598.38,"endTime":1600.65,"body":"higher education is this big ship."},{"startTime":1600.68,"endTime":1601.81,"body":"It's a big boat."},{"startTime":1602.06,"endTime":1603.89,"body":"It takes a lot to turn it."},{"startTime":1604.339,"endTime":1606.93,"body":"And even incremental shifts"},{"startTime":1607.26,"endTime":1608.29,"body":"over time"},{"startTime":1608.91,"endTime":1612.969,"body":"really changed the trajectory of where that big boat goes,"},{"startTime":1613.099,"endTime":1613.54,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":1613.859,"endTime":1614.4,"body":"And"},{"startTime":1614.599,"endTime":1617.0,"body":"So I think you're not wrong to think that"},{"startTime":1617.239,"endTime":1618.75,"body":"streamlining some things,"},{"startTime":1618.92,"endTime":1621.569,"body":"having faculty offload some of the"},{"startTime":1622.0,"endTime":1623.709,"body":"cognitive loaded,"},{"startTime":1624.0,"endTime":1627.27,"body":"but not necessarily rewarding practices,"},{"startTime":1627.359,"endTime":1627.75,"body":"that"},{"startTime":1627.869,"endTime":1630.79,"body":"that does move the needle in ways that maybe"},{"startTime":1630.79,"endTime":1633.51,"body":"then that frees up some time for faculty to"},{"startTime":1634.03,"endTime":1636.359,"body":"engage differently with their students or"},{"startTime":1636.76,"endTime":1639.189,"body":"pursue additional research or"},{"startTime":1639.479,"endTime":1642.319,"body":"some other thing that makes the world a better place."},{"startTime":1642.949,"endTime":1644.849,"body":"When they're not encumbered by"},{"startTime":1645.14,"endTime":1647.229,"body":"sort of these other administrative tasks."},{"startTime":1647.54,"endTime":1647.619,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":1647.699,"endTime":1647.78,"body":"I,"},{"startTime":1647.859,"endTime":1649.329,"body":"I can go an inch further than that."},{"startTime":1649.339,"endTime":1649.349,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":1651.14,"endTime":1651.489,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":1651.5,"endTime":1651.939,"body":"so"},{"startTime":1652.42,"endTime":1653.53,"body":"a couple years ago,"},{"startTime":1653.66,"endTime":1658.9,"body":"we were asked to co-author a chapter for something called California 100,"},{"startTime":1659.02,"endTime":1662.569,"body":"which 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things,"},{"startTime":1676.39,"endTime":1676.689,"body":"but"},{"startTime":1676.949,"endTime":1677.209,"body":"You know,"},{"startTime":1677.39,"endTime":1678.339,"body":"for example,"},{"startTime":1678.469,"endTime":1679.589,"body":"I couldn't even think in 100 years,"},{"startTime":1679.67,"endTime":1679.869,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1680.15,"endTime":1681.31,"body":"a higher being too different,"},{"startTime":1681.349,"endTime":1682.099,"body":"but um,"},{"startTime":1682.469,"endTime":1684.02,"body":"universal sort of"},{"startTime":1684.43,"endTime":1684.869,"body":"admissions,"},{"startTime":1684.949,"endTime":1687.79,"body":"which is already kind of the case with some"},{"startTime":1687.79,"endTime":1690.699,"body":"systems where you can cross register very freely,"},{"startTime":1691.069,"endTime":1692.79,"body":"transfer sometimes a little bit more difficult,"},{"startTime":1692.829,"endTime":1694.41,"body":"but there are some systems that are multi,"},{"startTime":1694.589,"endTime":1694.709,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1694.79,"endTime":1695.859,"body":"intersegmental,"},{"startTime":1696.189,"endTime":1699.91,"body":"where there is a little bit more um ease of movement."},{"startTime":1700.339,"endTime":1701.65,"body":"But I think with"},{"startTime":1701.79,"endTime":1703.839,"body":"AI and these kinds of equivalencies,"},{"startTime":1703.91,"endTime":1704.739,"body":"you could have,"},{"startTime":1704.869,"endTime":1705.229,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1705.54,"endTime":1706.43,"body":"much more"},{"startTime":1706.989,"endTime":1710.15,"body":"higher ed and entry point into the higher ed could be"},{"startTime":1710.869,"endTime":1714.459,"body":"much more universal than it is and and still have a kind of"},{"startTime":1714.829,"endTime":1715.91,"body":"sense of ownership."},{"startTime":1715.989,"endTime":1716.099,"body":"Oh,"},{"startTime":1716.229,"endTime":1717.51,"body":"I finished from this school."},{"startTime":1717.56,"endTime":1719.219,"body":"So I think there's a lot of models,"},{"startTime":1719.67,"endTime":1721.26,"body":"including with online,"},{"startTime":1721.39,"endTime":1721.589,"body":"right,"},{"startTime":1721.709,"endTime":1725.02,"body":"how you could expand the concept of cross registration."},{"startTime":1725.31,"endTime":1726.359,"body":"In reasonable ways,"},{"startTime":1726.369,"endTime":1730.43,"body":"and of course accreditors have to be on board and institutions to do as well,"},{"startTime":1730.439,"endTime":1732.0,"body":"but I think it opens up a lot."},{"startTime":1732.449,"endTime":1732.859,"body":"And"},{"startTime":1733.13,"endTime":1734.4,"body":"I also think that"},{"startTime":1734.689,"endTime":1735.319,"body":"with"},{"startTime":1735.729,"endTime":1736.369,"body":"both"},{"startTime":1736.65,"endTime":1739.18,"body":"the ability to have technology"},{"startTime":1739.939,"endTime":1739.959,"body":"for"},{"startTime":1740.25,"endTime":1741.839,"body":"help faculty"},{"startTime":1742.03,"endTime":1743.31,"body":"and leadership"},{"startTime":1743.609,"endTime":1745.089,"body":"create pathways."},{"startTime":1745.369,"endTime":1750.099,"body":"And the ability of technology to do the generative AI to refresh"},{"startTime":1750.449,"endTime":1753.079,"body":"course materials and assessments and so forth."},{"startTime":1753.329,"endTime":1755.92,"body":"I think the combination of those with"},{"startTime":1756.17,"endTime":1759.079,"body":"with maybe a little less rigid"},{"startTime":1759.55,"endTime":1761.439,"body":"degree complexity requirements."},{"startTime":1761.569,"endTime":1764.14,"body":"So like imagine a a degree."},{"startTime":1765.0,"endTime":1765.479,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":1765.489,"endTime":1766.17,"body":"requirement"},{"startTime":1766.52,"endTime":1767.27,"body":"standard"},{"startTime":1767.609,"endTime":1769.119,"body":"that does not"},{"startTime":1769.359,"endTime":1770.92,"body":"look akin to a,"},{"startTime":1771.369,"endTime":1771.609,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1771.849,"endTime":1773.92,"body":"early 70s programming language."},{"startTime":1774.219,"endTime":1774.43,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":1774.68,"endTime":1775.449,"body":"Like can you imagine that?"},{"startTime":1775.53,"endTime":1777.329,"body":"So like a little bit simpler rules."},{"startTime":1777.41,"endTime":1779.239,"body":"I think the combination of those"},{"startTime":1779.93,"endTime":1781.119,"body":"could really make"},{"startTime":1781.449,"endTime":1783.16,"body":"um higher ed more nimble"},{"startTime":1783.41,"endTime":1785.68,"body":"in responding to what,"},{"startTime":1786.29,"endTime":1786.949,"body":"to what"},{"startTime":1787.17,"endTime":1788.069,"body":"Society needs,"},{"startTime":1788.119,"endTime":1789.589,"body":"whether it's employers,"},{"startTime":1789.839,"endTime":1789.959,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":1790.079,"endTime":1791.599,"body":"Whether what it means to be a human,"},{"startTime":1791.68,"endTime":1794.189,"body":"so we actually need more in the humanities right now."},{"startTime":1794.479,"endTime":1796.239,"body":"If you want to create a data science program,"},{"startTime":1796.28,"endTime":1796.479,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1796.56,"endTime":1800.959,"body":"you're talking about 5 years or it's a long time to develop"},{"startTime":1800.959,"endTime":1803.39,"body":"such a program and have it articulate and all of this."},{"startTime":1803.579,"endTime":1805.16,"body":"I think technology can make higher ed"},{"startTime":1805.16,"endTime":1808.31,"body":"more nimble and addressing the needs of society"},{"startTime":1808.719,"endTime":1809.349,"body":"quicker."},{"startTime":1809.959,"endTime":1810.589,"body":"I like it."},{"startTime":1810.76,"endTime":1811.55,"body":"-- Let's get"},{"startTime":1810.76,"endTime":1811.55,"body":"-- there."},{"startTime":1811.719,"endTime":1812.55,"body":"Doing my best,"},{"startTime":1812.719,"endTime":1813.31,"body":"appreciate it."},{"startTime":1814.319,"endTime":1816.75,"body":"A couple of more questions before we close out."},{"startTime":1816.8,"endTime":1818.369,"body":"And you've sort of hinted at it,"},{"startTime":1818.439,"endTime":1818.78,"body":"but I,"},{"startTime":1818.979,"endTime":1820.959,"body":"I'm gonna pose the question in this way."},{"startTime":1821.16,"endTime":1825.599,"body":"What's one thing that you hope for education in an age of AI?"},{"startTime":1826.729,"endTime":1827.16,"body":"Well,"},{"startTime":1829.63,"endTime":1831.079,"body":"Certainly that the"},{"startTime":1831.219,"endTime":1832.15,"body":"the AI,"},{"startTime":1832.91,"endTime":1834.859,"body":"the use of AI is"},{"startTime":1835.229,"endTime":1836.03,"body":"serving"},{"startTime":1836.67,"endTime":1840.28,"body":"us in our humanistic pursuits well,"},{"startTime":1840.67,"endTime":1846.579,"body":"and that it's used in a way that retains the humanistic character"},{"startTime":1846.91,"endTime":1847.38,"body":"of"},{"startTime":1847.54,"endTime":1849.13,"body":"the educational enterprise,"},{"startTime":1849.17,"endTime":1849.739,"body":"that is."},{"startTime":1850.42,"endTime":1852.14,"body":"Something that distinguishes"},{"startTime":1852.65,"endTime":1852.9,"body":"education,"},{"startTime":1853.14,"endTime":1855.119,"body":"particularly public education,"},{"startTime":1855.4,"endTime":1855.619,"body":"right,"},{"startTime":1855.64,"endTime":1857.14,"body":"from corporate training or,"},{"startTime":1857.209,"endTime":1857.38,"body":"you know,"},{"startTime":1857.5,"endTime":1858.89,"body":"other variants of"},{"startTime":1859.06,"endTime":1860.239,"body":"of education."},{"startTime":1860.709,"endTime":1861.14,"body":"So I,"},{"startTime":1861.3,"endTime":1863.65,"body":"I think making sure that"},{"startTime":1863.859,"endTime":1865.579,"body":"an institution has a"},{"startTime":1865.859,"endTime":1867.41,"body":"a values system,"},{"startTime":1867.699,"endTime":1869.89,"body":"and they make sure that either"},{"startTime":1870.369,"endTime":1873.719,"body":"Whoever is providing the technology is aligned with the value system,"},{"startTime":1873.729,"endTime":1876.439,"body":"or in the cases where that might be less tractable,"},{"startTime":1876.609,"endTime":1880.729,"body":"that at least their use of AI is consistent with their values."},{"startTime":1881.31,"endTime":1883.56,"body":"So every time a new technology comes out,"},{"startTime":1883.719,"endTime":1885.52,"body":"particularly with AI we ask ourselves,"},{"startTime":1885.599,"endTime":1885.8,"body":"OK,"},{"startTime":1885.88,"endTime":1885.969,"body":"well,"},{"startTime":1886.04,"endTime":1889.569,"body":"what's unique about us that still technology can't do?"},{"startTime":1889.75,"endTime":1889.8,"body":"I,"},{"startTime":1889.849,"endTime":1891.109,"body":"I think the moment"},{"startTime":1891.29,"endTime":1891.869,"body":"here"},{"startTime":1892.16,"endTime":1892.55,"body":"is,"},{"startTime":1892.68,"endTime":1892.88,"body":"well,"},{"startTime":1893.119,"endTime":1894.069,"body":"remind yourself"},{"startTime":1894.439,"endTime":1896.05,"body":"what your human values are,"},{"startTime":1896.319,"endTime":1896.67,"body":"right?"},{"startTime":1897.16,"endTime":1899.67,"body":"So that when AI that somewhat resembles us comes,"},{"startTime":1899.76,"endTime":1900.31,"body":"we don't."},{"startTime":1901.079,"endTime":1901.349,"body":"Uh,"},{"startTime":1901.359,"endTime":1902.869,"body":"outsource to it,"},{"startTime":1903.04,"endTime":1903.51,"body":"those,"},{"startTime":1903.56,"endTime":1904.55,"body":"those values,"},{"startTime":1904.599,"endTime":1906.03,"body":"but I think there is a way"},{"startTime":1906.16,"endTime":1908.27,"body":"to do this that actually enhances"},{"startTime":1908.599,"endTime":1909.89,"body":"um the mission and,"},{"startTime":1909.9,"endTime":1910.67,"body":"and"},{"startTime":1910.959,"endTime":1911.56,"body":"the value,"},{"startTime":1911.79,"endTime":1913.31,"body":"executing the values of,"},{"startTime":1913.51,"endTime":1915.239,"body":"of a higher ed institution."},{"startTime":1915.68,"endTime":1915.989,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":1916.16,"endTime":1916.959,"body":"that's a great answer."},{"startTime":1917.079,"endTime":1918.589,"body":"I really appreciate you"},{"startTime":1918.93,"endTime":1921.17,"body":"retaining that focus of the humanity,"},{"startTime":1921.619,"endTime":1921.969,"body":"uh,"},{"startTime":1922.0,"endTime":1924.319,"body":"as part of the educational process."},{"startTime":1924.4,"endTime":1927.479,"body":"I think that's critical for us as administrators to remember"},{"startTime":1927.479,"endTime":1930.829,"body":"the humanity of our students and of our faculty and"},{"startTime":1931.02,"endTime":1932.28,"body":"The people we serve,"},{"startTime":1932.53,"endTime":1935.15,"body":"it's very easy to get caught up in"},{"startTime":1935.449,"endTime":1936.689,"body":"sort of here's another form,"},{"startTime":1936.81,"endTime":1937.77,"body":"here's another form,"},{"startTime":1937.92,"endTime":1939.719,"body":"here some registrations,"},{"startTime":1940.01,"endTime":1940.959,"body":"but like"},{"startTime":1941.329,"endTime":1942.0,"body":"keeping"},{"startTime":1942.53,"endTime":1943.569,"body":"the idea that"},{"startTime":1943.77,"endTime":1947.479,"body":"I'm a human being and I'm providing service to another human being"},{"startTime":1948.05,"endTime":1951.719,"body":"is really important in the way that we approach our jobs and,"},{"startTime":1951.75,"endTime":1952.79,"body":"and I think is unique."},{"startTime":1952.829,"endTime":1954.16,"body":"I've I've worked for"},{"startTime":1954.489,"endTime":1957.219,"body":"other industries and and it's not always that way."},{"startTime":1957.55,"endTime":1957.89,"body":"Uh,"},{"startTime":1957.969,"endTime":1963.239,"body":"and so I really appreciate that answer about sort of retaining the humanity in this."},{"startTime":1963.719,"endTime":1963.92,"body":"Yeah,"},{"startTime":1964.05,"endTime":1965.76,"body":"it's a human development enterprise."},{"startTime":1966.06,"endTime":1966.56,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":1966.92,"endTime":1967.16,"body":"Zach,"},{"startTime":1967.329,"endTime":1969.16,"body":"if you are ever looking for"},{"startTime":1969.849,"endTime":1972.18,"body":"a phase 4 for your lab,"},{"startTime":1972.369,"endTime":1977.04,"body":"let's talk about classroom assignments and how to do the"},{"startTime":1977.29,"endTime":1978.719,"body":"allocation of"},{"startTime":1979.01,"endTime":1983.17,"body":"academic schedule development into appropriately sized classrooms."},{"startTime":1983.589,"endTime":1984.839,"body":"At some point in the future."},{"startTime":1984.969,"endTime":1985.64,"body":"That's I'm,"},{"startTime":1985.729,"endTime":1989.13,"body":"I'm putting a plug for classroom scheduling and"},{"startTime":1989.13,"endTime":1992.04,"body":"some future AI development work for you."},{"startTime":1992.65,"endTime":1993.0,"body":"That's,"},{"startTime":1993.089,"endTime":1996.05,"body":"that is a tangential part of a planning grant we have."},{"startTime":1996.089,"endTime":1997.25,"body":"So if we get the planning grant,"},{"startTime":1997.29,"endTime":1999.829,"body":"we might touch on that that dream topic."},{"startTime":2000.01,"endTime":2000.479,"body":"Excellent."},{"startTime":2000.53,"endTime":2002.939,"body":"Come on back because I've got a lot of ideas."},{"startTime":2003.76,"endTime":2004.65,"body":"Looking forward to that."},{"startTime":2005.079,"endTime":2005.4,"body":"Awesome,"},{"startTime":2005.52,"endTime":2005.76,"body":"Zach,"},{"startTime":2005.88,"endTime":2008.739,"body":"thank you so much for taking some time to chat."},{"startTime":2009.089,"endTime":2010.64,"body":"This is fascinating work."},{"startTime":2010.76,"endTime":2012.829,"body":"I'm skeptical of"},{"startTime":2013.27,"endTime":2016.41,"body":"sort of AI and its applications to registrar work,"},{"startTime":2016.67,"endTime":2017.51,"body":"particularly,"},{"startTime":2018.03,"endTime":2018.119,"body":"um,"},{"startTime":2018.28,"endTime":2021.04,"body":"partially because of my concerns about privacy,"},{"startTime":2021.199,"endTime":2022.359,"body":"about data controls,"},{"startTime":2022.479,"endTime":2023.75,"body":"about all of those things."},{"startTime":2024.04,"endTime":2026.63,"body":"It is very reassuring to hear"},{"startTime":2027.0,"endTime":2031.849,"body":"someone who is as engaged in higher education as you have been and continue to be."},{"startTime":2032.05,"endTime":2035.38,"body":"And making all of those considerations and still"},{"startTime":2035.38,"endTime":2039.489,"body":"moving the needle forward with applying technology to"},{"startTime":2039.739,"endTime":2042.78,"body":"some of the difficult challenges that higher education faces."},{"startTime":2042.859,"endTime":2043.209,"body":"So"},{"startTime":2043.459,"endTime":2046.29,"body":"I appreciate you sharing the work that your lab is doing,"},{"startTime":2046.52,"endTime":2049.55,"body":"and I wish you and your lab all the best."},{"startTime":2049.899,"endTime":2050.34,"body":"Thank you so much,"},{"startTime":2050.379,"endTime":2050.659,"body":"Doug."},{"startTime":2052.28,"endTime":2054.77,"body":"Thanks again to Doctor Zach Pardos for taking the time"},{"startTime":2054.77,"endTime":2057.679,"body":"to talk about the work he and his research team"},{"startTime":2057.969,"endTime":2061.168,"body":"are doing with artificial intelligence in higher education."},{"startTime":2061.938,"endTime":2065.668,"body":"It's important work and I hope that we're able to realize the enhancements"},{"startTime":2065.918,"endTime":2067.789,"body":"to administrative processes,"},{"startTime":2068.118,"endTime":2073.197,"body":"to reduce obstacles for students and to support the overall goal of economic"},{"startTime":2073.398,"endTime":2077.039,"body":"and social mobility that is the promise of higher education."},{"startTime":2078.029,"endTime":2079.368,"body":"Thanks very much for listening."},{"startTime":2080.27,"endTime":2082.55,"body":"I hope that you have an opportunity to get away for a"},{"startTime":2082.55,"endTime":2086.688,"body":"bit this summer either on an actual vacation or maybe a staycation"},{"startTime":2086.949,"endTime":2088.51,"body":"or even just a long weekend."},{"startTime":2088.949,"endTime":2091.82,"body":"It's important to work hard and I know that you do,"},{"startTime":2092.11,"endTime":2094.54,"body":"but it's also important to take a break"},{"startTime":2094.79,"endTime":2096.82,"body":"now and then to recharge."},{"startTime":2097.11,"endTime":2097.629,"body":"Read a book,"},{"startTime":2097.879,"endTime":2098.659,"body":"join a choir,"},{"startTime":2099.11,"endTime":2100.979,"body":"audition for community theater,"},{"startTime":2101.229,"endTime":2102.34,"body":"go for a hike,"},{"startTime":2102.55,"endTime":2103.899,"body":"do whatever works for you."},{"startTime":2112.33,"endTime":2113.28,"body":"Until next time,"},{"startTime":2113.679,"endTime":2114.639,"body":"drink some more water,"},{"startTime":2114.81,"endTime":2116.05,"body":"stretch your legs."},{"startTime":2116.219,"endTime":2117.28,"body":"I'm Doug McKenna,"},{"startTime":2117.449,"endTime":2118.899,"body":"and this is for the record."}]}