Dr. Alan Gibson delves into James Madison's groundbreaking argument in Federalist 10 that challenges traditional thinking about republics and factions. Madison innovatively argues that a large, diverse republic better protects against majority tyranny than a small, homogeneous one by using the multiplicity of interests as a stabilizing force.

• Madison boldly challenges the small republic thesis prevalent in classical republican theory
• Factions form around opinions, passions, and interests, with economic interests being the most durable source
• Two approaches exist for handling factions: removing causes (by destroying liberty or homogenizing society) or controlling effects
• Majority factions pose the greatest threat as they can use democratic processes to tyrannize minorities
• Large republics with diverse interests make it difficult for majority factions to form and act in concert
• Representative systems with large districts tend to elect more capable, impartial representatives
• The multiplicity of interests in an extended republic creates moderation and impartial resolution of disputes
• Madison's experience with religious freedom in Virginia informed his thinking about factional conflict
• For AP Government students, this material connects to Topic 1.3 on government powers and individual rights

We encourage you to read Federalist 10 directly while listening to this episode for deeper understanding. Each reading reveals new insights into this foundational text of American political thought.

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