We walk through Plessy v. Ferguson and how a planned railcar protest helps the Supreme Court legitimize Jim Crow through the “separate but equal” doctrine. We also dig into Justice John Marshall Harlan’s dissent and why his warning about caste and constitutional duty keeps showing up in modern legal fights. 
• rise of Jim Crow segregation in the 1880s and 1890s and why transportation becomes a focal point 
• why public accommodations matter in constitutional law and equal access 
• Homer Plessy’s test case and what “passing” reveals about racial classification 
• the unusual coalition of civil rights activists and railroad operators opposing segregation mandates 
• the Court’s reliance on “reasonableness” and its attempt to recast civil rights as social policy 
• Harlan’s separation of powers critique and his colorblind Constitution argument 
• how Plessy becomes a green light for broader segregation across schools and daily life 
• how dissents shape legal strategy and help pave the way to Brown v. Board of Education 

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