The Surgical Edge

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Surgical Doctor Season 1 Episode 61

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It is a life-threatening condition characterized by a sustained elevation of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) >20 mmHg (often >25-30 mmHg in clinical practice) associated with new or worsening organ dysfunction. It is not merely high pressure, but the resultant end-organ failure that defines the syndrome. The pathophysiology is a vicious cycle: increased IAP reduces perfusion to abdominal viscera (notably the gut and liver) and causes diaphragmatic splinting, leading to impaired cardiac output, renal venous compression, and increased intracranial pressure. The ultimate consequence is multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and high mortality if untreated.

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DISCLAIMER: This content is for reference only and you must follow local/standard guidelines in clinical practice

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