Dr. Roy Casagranda Podcast

Decoding Systems

Dr. Roy Casagranda Season 1 Episode 3

Language isn’t just communication; it’s power. Drawing on insights from Malcolm X, George Orwell, and political history, Roy unpacks how misused words blur meaning and control our thinking. He then decodes the difference between countries, states, provinces, and nations, and why these distinctions matter for understanding politics, legitimacy, and sovereignty. 

Takeaways:

  • Why Malcolm X studied the dictionary in prison, and what it reveals about language and empowerment.
  • George Orwell’s 1984 and the dangers of shrinking vocabulary.
  • The difference between accuracy vs. precision, theory vs. hypothesis, and why the misuse of words weakens critical thinking.
  • Clear definitions of country, state, province, nation, and nation-state with real-world historical examples.
  • How legitimacy, revenue, and violence form the foundations of sovereignty.
  • The role of identity in creating nations, from the Navajo to the Rohingya.
  • Why states fail, how legitimacy erodes, and what history teaches about repeating cycles.

Resources & References:

Beyond the podcast: 

This lecture was originally recorded at the Museum of the Future for the series Lessons from the Past (2025).

People on this episode