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The Central Bank of the UAE issued on the 10th of November 2025 Circular No. 9 2025 titled the Dormant Accounts and Unclaimed Funds Regulation, the Dormancy Regulation, which repealed and replaced the Dormant Accounts Regulation previously set out in Circular No. 1 2020, the 2020 Regulation. Issued pursuant to Federal Decree Law No. 6 of 2025 regarding the central bank, regulation of financial institutions and activities, and insurance business, central bank law. The Dormancy Regulation took effect immediately upon publication in the official Gazette. This article identifies the principal amendments introduced by the Dormancy Regulation as against its 2020 predecessor. Broader regulatory perimeter. The most consequential change is the expansion of scope. The Dormancy Regulation now extends to all licensed financial institutions, LFIs, as defined in the central bank law, expressly capturing exchange businesses and insurance companies alongside banks. Each category of LFI is now subject to tailored dormancy and unclaimed funds obligations, calibrated to the nature of the activities it performs. Consistent with this expansion, the regulation's title has been revised to the dormant accounts and unclaimed funds regulation. Its stated objective now encompasses the control and protection of dormant accounts and unclaimed funds and balances across all LFIs, and the enablement of customers or their legal heirs to reclaim such funds and balances. New defined terms. The definitions section has been meaningfully expanded. New defined terms include exchange business, insurance company, insurer, insurance policy, policyholder, interest regulations, licensed financial activities, elfice, and state. The definition of interest is particularly notable. The treatment of interest used in conventional finance applies equally to profit used in Islamic finance. Unless an exception is obtained from the central bank and the higher sharia authority for sharia compliance purposes. The definition of dormant customer has likewise been widened to encompass policyholders and beneficiaries of insurance policies rather than being confined to account holders alone. New categories of dormancy and unclaimed funds. The dormancy regulation preserves the pre-existing dormancy criteria applicable to bank deposit and investment accounts. The three-year trigger for demand, fixed term and investment accounts remains unchanged, but introduces the following new categories of unclaimed funds. Exchange businesses. Funds received by an exchange business, including funds intended for onward delivery to a specified beneficiary that are made available but not collected or claimed, and where the customer cannot be located within a period of one year. Insurance companies. The dormancy regulation introduces three operative limbs addressing. I insurance of persons and fund accumulation operations where amounts payable to the customer or the customer's legal heirs remain unclaimed for three years after becoming payable. 2. Property and liability insurance as well as insurance of persons and fund accumulation operations, where claims or refunds approved by the insurer remain unclaimed for three years after the claim is made or the refund is approved. And three funds held in an insurance pool or pools without an active insurance policy but remain unclaimed for three years. Residual catch all. Any funds and balances held by LFIs and not otherwise specified are to be treated as if they were individual or corporate savings. Call current or similar accounts, capturing product types that may fall outside the enumerated categories. Safe deposit boxes. Updated statutory reference. The 2020 regulation cross-referenced the now superseded Federal Law No. 18 of 1993 on commercial transactions. The Dormancy Regulation updates this reference to Federal Decree Law No. 50 of 2022 on the issuance of the Commercial Transactions Law, which replaced the 1993 law. The Dormancy Regulation expressly requires judicial supervision when accessing or disposing of safe deposit box contents in cases where the customer is absent or unresponsive. A tripartite claims structure. The Dormancy Regulation now provides three distinct claims pathways in place of the single pathway under the 2020 regulation. For LFIs excluding exchange businesses and insurance companies, claims are to be settled within one month, consistent with the 2020 position. Exchange businesses are subject to a new and notably shorter window of 14 days, while insurance companies should settle claims within one month. Each pathway sets out prescribed record keeping tables tailored to the transaction type. Exchange businesses should record both sender and beneficiary identifying details, while insurance companies should record policy number, type, and claimant identifiers. The dormancy regulation also refers expressly to legal airs throughout the claims provisions, clarifying the standing of successes to submit claims. Prohibition on income recognition by exchange businesses. Exchange businesses are now prohibited from recognizing unclaimed funds as income under any circumstances, and any unclaimed funds that were recognized as income during any financial year prior to the issuance of the dormancy regulation must be reversed. The 2020 regulation contained no analogous provision. The retroactive component of this obligation will require exchange businesses to revisit prior accounting treatments and effect any necessary restatements. Transfer mechanics and new central bank holding accounts. The Dormancy Regulation preserves the five-year transfer threshold for traditional bank dormant account balances and related instruments, as well as the existing unclaimed balances account. Dormant accounts held at the central bank. It adds two new dedicated holding accounts. The unclaimed balances account, unclaimed funds with exchange businesses, to which exchange businesses must transfer on a quarterly basis funds that remain unclaimed for three years, and the unclaimed balances account, unclaimed insurance funds, to which insurance companies must transfer payable amounts that remain unclaimed for five years. Non-bank LFIs are required to submit quarterly reports on transferred accounts and amounts through return forms and reporting systems prescribed by the central bank rather than through the banking return forms used by banks. The Dormancy Regulation prescribes new movement register formats for both exchange businesses and insurance companies and preserves the requirement to convert foreign currency balances to AED at the LFI's published customer rates on the date of transfer. Commencement. The Dormancy Regulation came into effect immediately upon its publication, compressing the transition period and requiring prompt operational readiness from LFIs, particularly exchange businesses and insurance companies, whose activities were not previously within the scope of the dormant accounts framework. Conclusion. The dormancy regulation represents an evolution rather than a rewriting of the UAE's dormant funds framework. For banks, much of the operating architecture established in 2020 remains intact. However, for exchange businesses and insurance companies, the dormancy regulation marks a significant extension of regulatory perimeter, tailored dormancy triggers, dedicated transfer accounts at the central bank, bespoke claims timelines, and, in the case of exchange businesses, a retroactive prohibition on income recognition that will require historic ledger adjustments. LFIs should audit their product inventories, customer communication protocols, reconciliation processes, and, where applicable, prior income recognition of stale balances against the amended framework without delay.