High Octane Friends

Queen Nerdine's inspiring entrepreneurial journey

Rob McMullan & Trevor McKee Season 1 Episode 15

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Our good friend Nadine ("Nerdine") Miller is a true "Renaissance person" with degrees from MIT and Oxford, she has shifted from engineering and mining to board work, which led to self-funding a tech startup. Her career included advanced soil mechanics work to design and close tailings facilities in mining, and now advisory roles on three mining boards.

Her new age tech startup "Nightingale" is a good example of "User Entrepreneurship", in which a challenge in monitoring aging family members while traveling, turned into an opportunity to build technology to help others facing similar problems. The technology uses millimeter radar to allow seniors to age or die in place, with the company headquarters moving to Florence, Texas.

We also discuss opportunities and challenges facing medical education and the supply of doctors, changes in international STEM graduate visas to favor retention of talent, and a future in-person High Octane Karaoke event. 

The High Octane Friends podcast is where Rob McMullan & Trevor McKee discuss a variety of subjects in an authentic and unvarnished way. 

Rob McMullan LinkedIn
linkedin.com/in/robmcmullan
Trevor McKee LinkedIn
linkedin.com/in/trevordmckee
High Octane Friends website
highoctanefriends.com

SPEAKER_04

Good afternoon, good day, good morning. Uh High Octane Friends, the many hordes of high octane friends. Well, perhaps in the future, as I like to say. But you know what? After today's very special guest, Nadine Miller, um, we may get hordes, right, Nadine? I'm sure there will be a gem, a gem and a germ come out of the year. Sure, sure, sure. Well, probiotic. There will be at least a probiotic thrown out there. So um, you know, of course, Nadine um is extremely shy, as you will come to know, but we can ask her to uh give us a little bit of an introduction about herself. But um, today is freeform. Um, coming to you live from my perspective, uh, as you can see, I'm in my one of many penthouse apartments around the world. Today I am in Shinjuku, Tokyo, um, which uh is fantastic. Um, I was thinking about doing this from my basement, which is uh to what my lovely wife has always relegates me in our home in Toronto. Anyway, I'm in Shinjuku. Um and uh nice to see you guys. Trevor, do you want to say something before we just we unleash the beast, maybe?

SPEAKER_01

I think that's what my ex-husband calls me the beast.

SPEAKER_04

Beauty and the beauty. Well, I think we're probably the beasts. You're the you're the beauty. Yeah, but okay, I'll go in that version. I did, although I did moisturize today, so I'm good to go. So I'm not as beastly as I might normally be.

SPEAKER_00

There you go. No, yeah, Nadine's been a friend for for many, many years and uh has had a fascinating kind of uh um well trajectory through business and through even uh uh research and um uh and uh a number of different degrees. Uh I yeah. Um so I think I think Nadine, do you want to uh maybe just give a give a quick background uh for yourself? Uh if you don't mind, yeah.

SPEAKER_01

Well, I think fascinating research. I think if you were to characterize my research that I did in grad school, which anyone can download from the MIT libraries, you do Nadine Miller and thesis on the internet, uh it will put you to sleep. 300 pages. I've been looking for a way to sleep more soundly. Yeah, it's like I think it's 300 pages of instant sleep. If you have insomnia, this is the cure for you. I um yeah, so uh a little bit about myself. Well, I am openly call myself Nerdine. So that should I'm an engineer. Uh I met Trevor through the MIT Club of Toronto.

SPEAKER_04

So I just want to be clear for our audience because I always have to qualify what MIT is, but I think I got it wrong last time. I think I said it's the Mayberry Tech Institute of Technology, but you corrected me last time. What is MIT?

SPEAKER_01

I did, yeah. So it's the Manitoulin Institute of Trucking.

SPEAKER_04

Right, right. And yet you're wearing a wearing a classic. Where's your trucker hat that you normally wear?

SPEAKER_01

Well, you know, I I decided to dress up. I I am in Lisbon today.

SPEAKER_02

Okay. Yes.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, I've been uh I've been traveling around.

SPEAKER_04

Well, I've been in Europe for the past month, so I didn't know trucks went across like transatlantic. Now is that a new thing?

SPEAKER_01

Well, you know, I'm I well, I decided to go to Malta so I could drive on the wrong side of the road, and now I'm back on the right side of the road, so we'll see. You know, I'm just learning learning my way through the trucking industry.

SPEAKER_04

Absolutely.

unknown

Absolutely.

SPEAKER_04

There you go. Well, I guess if if your rig is big enough, then you can just kind of drive on whatever side of the road you wish, right? Without you at least. Well, is that not kind of semi-metaphorical for like your life and career? You're I was thinking you're kind of like a you know, a scythe cutting through the forest of thick people.

SPEAKER_01

I like to call myself a renaissance person. Oh, okay. Because I kind of have done everything, right? So I started engineering and mining, then I went to MIT, did advanced soil mechanic, advanced soil mechanics, total snore, worked in mining afterwards, uh designing and closing tailings facilities, which is like the junk that is produced um from the mills when you're making gold, uh you know, any metal that you're producing. So I would design uh tailings facilities with in a team, and you know, we would make sure that it would last through an earthquake, a flood, uh, not a glacier, because if a glacier's coming, uh, we're all in trouble.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah, yeah.

SPEAKER_01

And um, yeah, and then uh then I um I got onto boards uh because of my specialization in mining. And I've been sitting on boards and I've had like really great opportunities. And I sit on a VC fund advisory. Um I'm a I'm an advisor on it for a VC fund and uh I'm on three mining boards. Um and it's uh it's fun. It's uh, you know, and then I've started uh because I've done well on the mining boards. I've taken um, you know, working and doing that for the past 10 years, and I'm now funding my own tech startup, which is kind of like amalgamating everything that I've done. Um and I'm funding it with gold. So as gold goes up, I don't have to find it. I don't have to look for money.

SPEAKER_04

Yeah, much to the chagrin perhaps of that VC fund that you're advising, right? They would maybe like to fund you, but you you might be in a position to say no.

SPEAKER_01

Well, right now I am in I'm in a great position. You know, I'm old and I have money.

SPEAKER_00

And then along the way, picked up uh picked up a MBA from uh uh I did. Yes, yeah.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, yeah. For you know, Oxford, you know that that tutoring place on the corner?

SPEAKER_04

Oh yeah, it's that dirty old. Well, that's a dirty old school in England, isn't it?

SPEAKER_01

You know, 1231. I uh you know, I just like old schools or yeah. Old schools but not old ideas. Yeah, I mean, uh listen, Oxford was uh was great. I mean, uh I really enjoyed that. All the schools I've been to, like University of Toronto, MIT, and Oxford, uh just uh fabulous for me. And then everywhere I've worked, I uh I've pinched myself. And because of what I've done, I have these great opportunities. And uh yeah, so in a in two weeks, there's gonna be an article about me coming out in Dolce Magazine. Uh so I bought myself a diamond tiara.

SPEAKER_04

I just want to check that I heard that right because at first I thought you said gold chain magazine, but it's Dolce, like Dolce Vita, yeah. You said gold chain magazine. I'm like, what is that? A rapper.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, no, no. It's uh so I bought a tiara at auction. Um because I uh so I'm on a silver mining company board, and silver's really done well since I got on that board. I'm on gold mining company boards, and I'm joining uh I've just joined a copper gold company board. And so I have the ability to buy myself a tiara, and I did as you would. Not just one from Amazon, like because I know I've made you guys wear tiaras.

SPEAKER_04

Yes.

SPEAKER_01

So now I have a real one and I have my Amazon one, so which I still wear.

SPEAKER_04

Where's the real one? Is it not? You didn't want to travel with it, I guess.

SPEAKER_01

It's in the bank, yeah. Yeah, it's in the vault. So uh no, I mean, it's not that it's I don't have a proper case for it. So uh I'm going to India in two weeks, and I'm gonna have a proper case made for it. I'm made out of silver since it's silver that allowed me to buy the tier.

SPEAKER_02

So very cool.

SPEAKER_01

Wow, yeah, yeah. So, and then I get to hang out and talk with you guys too.

SPEAKER_04

There you go. Um, well, thank you for spending time with us today. There's a lot to dig into there, and maybe we can talk about a few of those things. So, your um your own startup, yeah, right?

SPEAKER_01

I don't know if you can do you feel comfortable naming it or telling us anything about our uh I own our product is called Nightingale. I own the website, our Nightingale, and it is in HTC. So I uh done a lot of, I mean, I did tailings work, um, but I also through my career have done a lot of um, I did business development for two of the largest engineering companies, and I worked with a lot of process engineers, and so I learned a lot about processing plants. And using um and using inspiration from my experience there, uh I'm basically I've got my team in Australia, and we are building a new tech that will allow uh senior citizens to stay at home longer, age in place, or die in place. And so, really, what it is is because I'm an absolute stalker of my father who's 83.

SPEAKER_00

Oh yeah, I was gonna say this this really emerged out of like it's almost a user user innovation from your experience, right?

SPEAKER_01

Uh yeah, so I mean, um my partner and I, we travel all over the world, and um my father is 83 and he has gotten uh very sick. He became septic in January of 2024. That was super scary. Um, and you know, he had he had a stroke in August of 2021. And this is when I thought, oh no, he like when he came home from the hospital, he couldn't do anything. And he couldn't even turn on the lights. And so I made the house a smart house. I started tinkering around and I um I electrocuted myself a couple times, but that was fun.

SPEAKER_02

Yeah, yeah.

SPEAKER_01

I made it a smart house so he could voice control it. And uh he loves it because my father can just lie in bed and he doesn't know if he's turned off the lights, and he just tells the house to turn off all the lights, and uh it does, and so um, and then my partner's father, he got um his hip uh needed to be replaced, and he was 93 at the time, and they um they didn't want to give him a hip replacement, and so he he really went from bowling to only being able to use a walker and going about 10 centimeters or four inches at a time. And so my partner and I, we he retired and we um we started looking after his dad for 18 months, and he's listening so he convinced them because he's a force to be reckoned with this 94-year-old man who's 93 to give him a new hip, and he got a new hip, and he is just motoring. I mean, it's it's unbelievable the difference. But when his mobility became an issue and he was in so much pain, I made that his house smart as well. But I needed to go more than what I did with my father because he's he's got macular degeneration, so he's legally blind. And I made it that he could use the microwave, um, turn his coffee on, turn his all voice command. Uh his he loves his dishwasher. He can voice command the dishwasher, he just tells it to turn on. Um yeah, so it's been great. And so uh we've made it so we're using um millimeter radar so that we can also monitor where he is in the house. He unplugs all the cameras. Same with my father. I mean, the cameras are a no-go, and um yeah, so we're we're doing it so that we can really see where they are, and it just allows you some peace of mind. Uh, and we're you know, we're looking at the statistics because you know I'm an engineer, so we can do the joint probability of certain occurrences going on, and uh you'd get a notification.

SPEAKER_04

That's amazing. There's nothing like humanity, right?

SPEAKER_01

And and caring about humanity, in this case, your family members to drive technology, you know, and yeah, so yeah, so we're now installing, we've installed uh two test homes and we're looking to expand that. So uh I'm happy to stalk you guys too. And tell me what?

SPEAKER_04

Oh, well, I hope it doesn't come to this point, but like you reminded me of my own mother who's 95. And I remember calling you, Trevor, like a couple years ago or something. She's I think she's 96 or 79 now. No, she's 97, and um, I always get this wrong, something like that. And um, like like was it a year or two ago, I was out there and I and I went out on the in she's in Vancouver, and I went out on the back porch and I was talking to you, Trevor, and then I realized hey, I have to stop you and tell you because I can't believe my eyes. My mom was, as she does, vigorously tilling the soil in her back garden. And so, well, I like your father-in-law, right? Or all kind of father-in-law, we were talking about Mr. Phil, right? Yeah, so you know, being active and doing all that stuff's amazing, and I'm not sure our generation is gonna be as have the same health health span that you know our our our parents' generation have and grandparents because they're always out doing stuff. I hear stories about my grandfather Murphy and in Dublin, it's like he never had a car his whole life. He walked every day, he rode his bicycle well into his 80s and all these things. He walked in church, but he'd still like go to the pub every day and have a bunch of beers and whiskies and then go bet on the ponies and do everything, super social. Yeah, wasn't sitting.

SPEAKER_01

Well, I mean, I have to say that um because Phil and I have been living in a retirement community in Texas, um, and there I the number of 90 plus year olds that I have met, and they're at the dances, they're dancing. There is this one that, you know, I can't dance. I'm an engineer. I look like Elaine Bennett's from Seinfeld. And he like twirls me around the dance floor, and I'm, you know, here I am, and I'm like, oh my god.

SPEAKER_04

That's awesome.

SPEAKER_01

It's great. It's um, you know, it's just inspiring to see. Uh, and we don't have anything like that in Canada. So it's called um like uh it it's called Sun City, and they have, I think, 12,000 homes. So I say it's about one and a half people because they're they're still couples, and then you know, as time passes, there might only be one of the couple left. Um so you have a significant number of senior citizens, and they don't want to go into uh independent living or uh assisted living, or you know, uh, God forbid they have to go into memory care. And it is a significant cost.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah, yeah. Actually, my grandparents lived in something similar. It was a village and it was kind of in, you know, it was definitely a retirement community. Um, but they had they had sort of stages, you know. You could you could live in your independent cottage or you know, and and then as maybe you got familiar, you could try to go into into sort of more frail care.

SPEAKER_01

But yeah, this is yeah, no, this is just like they each have their house, whether it's a two-bedroom or a three-bedroom, you know, um, and it's fun to see what Texans do when it snows one millimeter.

SPEAKER_03

Yes, yes.

SPEAKER_01

Like yeah, I mean, I I was yeah, I mean yeah, but it's it's uh look when the weather gets cold like that, the entire state stops. Uh you know. Yeah, but uh if you think about it, a Texas winter is a Canadian summer, so right?

SPEAKER_04

Yeah, yeah. Well, it's it's it's I know it appears very obviously that I am indeed in Shinjuku, Tokyo, but I'm not. I am indeed in Toronto, and it's 16 degrees here today, right, Trevor? Have you been outside at all?

SPEAKER_00

Yeah, no, it's it's great. No, I'm gonna be probably doing some gardening a bit later. What about Lisbon? It's probably 30, right?

SPEAKER_01

Uh no, it's a 20 20 degrees here, but it's it's really nice, it's beautiful. Um, and I was in Malta for the weeks prior to that, and that was it, was uh chilly, like really windy. Uh you know, chilly at 15 degrees.

SPEAKER_04

Yeah, yeah, yeah. And then did they put on coats?

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, yeah. I mean, they complain about the cold. I might it gets up to in the 40s in the summer for them, right? So, but it's uh yeah, no, it was a lot of fun. I I had it, you know. I was also in Andorra, it's not just a planet. Right. It's this it's the smallest nation in Europe, correct? It is, it is, it is, but I just thought I'm like, Andorra, isn't that from Avatar?

SPEAKER_04

That's okay. Did you go skiing?

SPEAKER_01

Uh my son went snowboarding and uh I did the upgras ski.

SPEAKER_04

Oh, there you go.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, I'm very good at that.

SPEAKER_04

Yeah, yeah. I met her at tech skis recently in Ontario. But anyway, she was telling me about how she went this winter on a ski trip to Montana, which is something I've always wanted to do. And her mother, who's apparently a fabulous skier. Um, so this woman is 33, and her mother, I'm guessing she's like maybe 60 or something, and a fabulous skier. Wouldn't you know it? On the very first run, she falls, separates her shoulder, and does some other stuff like that's sucks big time. Like, not just as mean, but your first run, my god.

unknown

Yeah, yeah, yeah.

SPEAKER_01

So I stick to the bunny hills.

SPEAKER_02

Yeah.

SPEAKER_01

Um, and it's really great because all the four-year-olds tell you everything about what's going on in their family. And then and then you walk around Whistler Village, and like, oh, that's the little unicorn that told me everything about grandma and her boyfriend.

SPEAKER_04

That's too funny.

SPEAKER_01

They're like, they tell you on the on the on the lift how many stars they have, and I'm like, I don't have any stars, and they just think that like you can't get an open. So I just stick to the bunny slopes.

SPEAKER_00

So I was I was on the bunny slopes with my kid uh for a a scouting, scouting-based sort of uh uh ski group group ski trip, and uh and it was a lot of fun. And uh he he he did really well, he got right up there even after like not really having any lessons. Um, but I think the the the it was managing expectations that like falling down is part of skiing and getting up from falling down is you know something you need to learn.

SPEAKER_04

So yeah, but I'm paranoid now. Like I'm my main thing when I go out skiing is just I don't want to fall. Yeah, because yeah, and especially after a few years ago, I think it was 2021, we were still on a mystic COVID, but I I went skiing with my son, and I told him this many times before to please stop doing what he was always doing, which was following closely behind me, and he was always pushing me to go faster. I'm like, please don't follow so close to me because you know it could be an accident. And then one time, of course, that happened. Like I decided instead we normally um we normally go right, and I decided to go, no, I normally go straight and decided to go right. Of course, he crashed into me and like separated, cracked, whatever my ribs was really bad in my hip. So, like, I'm paranoid about that now, falling. So, yeah, yeah, and I recently seized up my neck when I went to that tech skis thing like a day later, my neck completely seized up. And I was going to Paris, like in the in a few days, I was freaking out. I was like, I'm gonna be, you know, this was like for our 25th wedding anniversary and ostensibly to celebrate my birthday. But in reality, of course, it was my lovely wife's uh way of saying, Hey, I get to go and and hang out and buy more handbags from the likes of Chanel and her mask. I'm under no illusions.

SPEAKER_01

Well, I suggest you do like I do and just hang out at the bunny hill.

SPEAKER_04

Yes, I probably should. Yeah.

SPEAKER_01

But you can fall there, it's fine. Exactly. Exactly. Yeah, you're not going very fast.

SPEAKER_04

Yeah. But you know what? I didn't actually fall, and I still seized up my neck. I think what it was is like the very first run of the day, there were two, not one, but two former Olympians. Uh, and one was on the national ski team, one female and one male. And it's like, oh yeah, let's you want to come go down, you want to start your day off right? And I'm like, Yeah, and then I get to the top. This was at Osler, which is a private ski club, not bad in in Collingwood for Ontario. And we're at the top, and I'm like, oh shit, what have I done? Like, I can't think and I wasn't warm, like I wasn't warmed up at all. And doing yeah, but then I think that set the tone for the day. And there was one guy I ended up going up with later, and I think that's what did it. He was super good. I I'm a good skier, but like some people are really, really good, of course. And I think he just went faster than I was comfortable and don't need to do, but I didn't want to be a suck. So I think it's you know, yeah, I probably just went over a few things. I probably I don't know, rattled something loose.

unknown

Yeah.

SPEAKER_04

Maybe I don't know, maybe it's all those those microplastics in me that got loose somehow. So maybe it's a good thing. Yeah. Human tailings, right, Nadine? So to speak.

SPEAKER_01

Well, if you want to.

SPEAKER_04

Sorry, that probably gave you an image.

SPEAKER_01

Carnage. I mean, I think it's Carnage.

SPEAKER_04

Yes. So um that's awesome. Okay, so that's one thing I wanted to talk about, other than uh skiing, see where we go. But was your your what is it again? R R N Nightingale?

SPEAKER_01

Is that the name of our like our O-U-R, our Nightingale? And so Yeah, so I mean, you know, Florence Nightingale, and um, I'm moving the head office to uh uh Florence, Texas. So, you know, I got Florence Nightingale there. And did you know that Florence Nightingale was a statistician? And so because we're doing a lot of like we're using AI and statistics, and um, so you know, I just felt it made sense.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah, for sure. And what what what gave you the the confidence to to say I wanted I want to do this, I want to do it as a as a company?

SPEAKER_01

Um well um, so I mean I was I was redoing Phil Sr's home, and I'm you know cyber stalking my father, and I thought, well, I can't be the only one. You know, I've got kids. I'm like a I mean I'm the sandwich, right? So I've got kids and I have senior parents and you know, we're traveling a lot, and I have to work and I have to do this. And so how how can how can I do this? So I'm still feel comfortable. And you know, so I mean, Phil and I were in New York and I'm looking at my father's stats, and I realized that my father, before he got a CPAC, was only sleeping four to five hours a night, and we're in New York City, and I look and I see that my father has slept nine hours. So I'm like, oh my god, what's wrong? When I call my father, I'm like, Are you okay? Are you feeling okay? Um, and he's like, What? I go, Well, I just noticed that you slept for nine hours instead of your regular four to five. And he's like, um, okay, I'm tired. I said, Okay, as long as you're tired, and it's not because you know you you're not feeling well. So I'm like, I'm gonna be watching you. He's like, I'm sure you will. He's like, How are you doing this? And I'm like, I don't know. I know how I'm doing it, but you can't know. So, but now he's all into it. He's all like, you know, he's ready to get fully monitored.

SPEAKER_02

Yeah, yeah.

SPEAKER_00

That's great. Yeah, and and how did you uh how did you find the team, uh, like the the tech team that you're working with?

SPEAKER_01

Uh well, there was another startup that I uh was involved with, and it didn't work out. Uh, we were trying to get funding, and we just, you know, what's really great about um trying to get funding and not getting it is you got a few scars on you and you you get better with your pitches. And so really we were I was pitching to uh funds that were too big, right? So they don't write they I was using my contacts and they don't write checks for less than 50 million dollars. And right, you know, I needed way less than that, and so I was you know uh way too early. But when I go to them now, um they're gonna, you know, I I I'm gonna know. So it was like so. We went to South Africa for that fund. We were gonna be merging a few companies, uh, and we were we were uh looking to buy the IP of the team of the team that I am working with that they developed.

SPEAKER_04

And so you mentioned that your team is in Australia and and Sri Lanka. And Sri Lanka. I'm just kind of that kind of caught my attention for two reasons, not the least of which is because, as you know, uh I work for this Australia-based company called Think and Grow, which is a tech tech advisory company now, in addition to other things I do, but also because I recall you'd mentioned to me that you well, maybe it was the previous team you were working with these nuclear former nuclear Yeah.

SPEAKER_01

So, I mean, I don't really want to say what they're working on because it is uh a little classified or a lot classified, but yeah, they have done some pretty exciting tech for um really large navies.

SPEAKER_04

Okay.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, so yeah, and so you know, um yeah, what they've done on the ships, uh just not we're gonna do the homes, just no nukes.

SPEAKER_04

Right. That's the mission statement. No, no, no, no nuclear reactors.

SPEAKER_01

No nukes. Well, though I am a big supporter of small nuclear reactors, so that's a different reactors, but not yeah, yeah.

SPEAKER_04

Well, you know, if you listen to the advertisements, although you're not in Ontario these days much, but if you listen to watch the advertisements from Doug Ford and his group of his merry band of like intellectuals, of course, um, that they would have you think that like there are just little modular nuclear reactors popping up everywhere as opposed to just something far off in the distance.

SPEAKER_01

But well, I do they have a test site in Ontario. Yeah. Uh I have a friend that was working in that area, and um I I don't recall where it is in northern Ontario, but they are they are they are testing it. I hope it happens soon. Well, I you know, really um it's the way to go, especially in Canada's north. It would help communities. I mean, there's a lot of things that tech can do to improve lives. Uh you know, you're not yeah, yeah, and and and they're relatively they're really small, right? So what does that mean? Yes.

SPEAKER_04

What what do you mean? Like like put it. Well, I mean, it's not like uh it's not a trucking rig, like how trucking rights, modular.

SPEAKER_01

Uh yeah, they're built to be modular. Okay, right. So it's not like Darlington nuclear power plant in Ontario, which you know you have problems there, um, because it's it's an old, it's an old nuclear power plant, right? So there's no dampers, you can't, there's no dial to turn the nuke up or down. Um look, I think that we need to, I'm very pro-nuclear power. So yeah.

SPEAKER_04

Well, it looks like Germany is gonna eventually be forced to, I think some people are changing their thinking in Germany, right? Because we, you know, post uh Vladimir Putin and the and his Russian people invading Ukraine, and then the them, of course, not being able to. Well, I guess they could have still bought the LNG from Russia, but they don't want to do that. So, in lieu of that, what do you do? So nuclear power, but Germany has been so against that historically, but I think that the tide is changing, which makes sense. Because the French have already figured this out, right?

SPEAKER_01

Oh, yeah, I mean, they're so far advanced. Um, so I mean, I think I think with the administration of the US, you could probably put a nuclear facility in a national park right now.

SPEAKER_04

Yeah, and Yellowstone. Go see the geysers and then over there go see the like the nuclear plant, which would be glowing.

SPEAKER_00

Oh wow. But I mean, and and especially I mean with with all of this uh the stuff happening with the uh Strait of Remo's and you know, like the uncertainty in the oil supply, right? Uh uh looking at these these renewable or or other forms of energy, alternative forms of energies is uh you know important.

SPEAKER_01

So well, you know what was really interesting being in Malta right now, and because I didn't realize how what what an important uh place Malta was in the Second World War. And that's how the Allies got into uh Italy and backed the Germans up, and so Malta, and so we were at a few museums, and I was really, really impressed. And um, you know, first they fortified the airspace. I don't know if this is sounding familiar.

SPEAKER_03

Right.

SPEAKER_01

And then there were boots on the ground, you know, they sent in the ships, you know, for so they could get in. And they started, and they started. I mean, there was a great video where they're just the allies are taking over Sicily and then you know, move forward. And so and the Germans are backing out, and uh really quite interesting. So, you know, a few parallels.

SPEAKER_00

Yeah. Yeah, for sure. Yeah, yeah.

SPEAKER_04

So I think the whole thing with uh particularly with the war and the invasion of Iran and and the spiking of oil prices and any carbon fuels like that in general, I think it will force us to some degree, I hope to an effective degree, to rethink this idea of using fossil fuels, and I hope it will accelerate us away from it. Well, I mean silver linings, I guess, is the only thing I can draw from that.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, um, I I don't really think that we're gonna go away from fossil fuels. Uh, but if you do look at, I mean, Trump did for did secure Venezuela's oil supply. Yeah, but protecting Guyana's oil supply.

SPEAKER_04

Yeah, but then I heard the uh was it the CEO of X Exxon and other companies like it doesn't matter, like that no one we don't invest in those places because they're too freaking dangerous.

SPEAKER_01

That's not true. Exxon is all over Guyana. So I'm on I'm on a mining company board and try to get a helicopter in Guyana right now. Exxon has all the helicopters, so Exxon is all in in Guyana. They're they're not all in in Venezuela yet, but Guyana has a larger oil field than all of the Middle East. And they're actively, actively um, you know, they're actively you like getting oil from there. That's why, that's why the British Navy and the US Navy was there when Maduro was saying that he was that everything from the Esacambo River West was part of Venezuela. That's all of the uh oil and all of the minerals.

SPEAKER_04

So what is the what is the argument? Because I do rec I don't remember the details, and of course, this is your area of expertise, but I do, and maybe it wasn't, I think it was the Epsilon guy, but maybe him or others. And they just were kind of maybe they were being political about it, but basically um was saying, well, it's not really investable.

SPEAKER_01

So if they're if they're Venezuela wasn't investable before the Trump administration went in. Right. But and they might have been speaking about Venezuela, but they weren't speaking about Guyana. Guyana is a very different country from Venezuela and completely investable. In fact, I think that there's only 700,000 Guyanese living in Guyana, and there's more Guyanese in the city of Toronto. Uh yeah, so yeah, there are there there will be uh the GDP of Guyana is going to increase drastically. I mean, it's really interesting if you go and you read up what what the presence of axon and oil in Guyana means to that country. Um I I often make a joke because right by uh where where we have our our site in Guyana, I the government is building to Brazil what I call the supergalactic highway. A la Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, where they're just building this superhighway to Brazil. And that is for supply.

unknown

Right?

SPEAKER_04

And you know, the Carney administration's uh talk about Canada being or potentially being a what does he say, a energy superpower?

SPEAKER_01

Obviously, he's not only talking about Well, I mean, we have a lot of LNG in northern, like in the north of Canada. Um, you know, there they're so I'm gonna really speak about mining, and you can draw your parallels from that. Um the province of Newfoundland has expedited permitting in Newfoundland. Um and other other parts of Canada have um done the opposite. And so where are people going to invest their money? They're going, I mean, if I wanted to buy a mining stock and I'm not on any boards in Newfoundland, which is why I'm using Newfoundland as an example, I would be putting my money in Newfoundland if I, you know, uh if I was an investor.

unknown

They've made it easier to gain.

SPEAKER_01

I mean, I was I was at this conference in Colorado, and I went to all the CEOs of all the mining companies in Newfoundland, and they're up there and they're going, well, it only took us 45 days to get our permits. I mean, that's really what we need to do uh in order to get the materials that we need for our supply chains. And quite frankly, mining is the first the beginning of the supply chain.

unknown

Right.

SPEAKER_01

And so you're not gonna have pardon?

SPEAKER_04

Sorry, what how long does it normally take? So 45 is very quick.

SPEAKER_01

So well, so for example, from discovery of a mine of an asset, like a from discovery to production, can take, you know, between uh 15 and 30 years, depending on where you are.

unknown

Wow.

SPEAKER_01

And that right, so that is why the US has the critical minerals. They just put silver on that list. So they're they're doing everything to expedite the permitting process. Um, and it's not that they're cutting corners, it's just you know, it can take a really long time. You have, you know.

SPEAKER_04

So is it is it true that they're not cutting corners?

SPEAKER_01

I mean, I think uh you can't cut corners in mining, uh, there's standards.

SPEAKER_04

So indigenous people on land and stuff. We have a lot of that in Canada. I don't know to what extent that is in the United States, but you know, uh, you know, that this is a very political question, I guess. But like to what extent do you just override the the rights of the indigenous people on, near, or otherwise affected by the mining and that to well I think I'm gonna put the question back to you.

SPEAKER_01

Um, how does the indigenous community benefit if it takes 30 plus years to put in something that will benefit the community? I mean, that's why mining companies have IBAs. So it you can't neither side, you can't do it too quickly, and you can't make it take forever and not give mining licenses because of that.

SPEAKER_04

What do you think is a reasonable timeline instead of 15 to 30 years to get a mine into production?

SPEAKER_01

Well, I think you need to look at um you need to look at what other countries are doing. And and what is reasonable is you have investors. I mean, there's a whole ecosystem, right? Uh it's not that these mines just magically appear, but you have shareholders, you have this. And so where are shareholders going to put their money? They're gonna put their money where they're gonna get their return fastest. And so you don't uh this is capitalism. If and China had, I mean, China's uh it's mining is national, right? So it's under it, it is one of the key industries, and they're highly protective of how they do their processing of critical elements. So yeah, I mean, uh yeah, there are specialists there. We don't even know how to do it in some cases.

SPEAKER_00

So uh yeah, I is a so there's there's almost a know-how in addition to like the actual presence of the of the rare elements.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, I let me look something up. Hold on. I think it's zirconium phosphate, is a prime example. It's used in defense. Yeah, it's the only place to get it is China.

SPEAKER_04

Can I bring this back to to and not the not the Menitoulin island of uh but the other one?

SPEAKER_01

The one, you know, other people the one in Massachusetts, yeah, the the lesser one. Yeah.

SPEAKER_04

So schools like that, or like I'm gonna open up a fucking can of worms here, um down the road, Harvard, or you know, Caltech, or whatever these these schools that have considerable um tech talent and people. And in the context of let's say West versus East, or even no, more pointedly, West versus or vis-a-vis China, um, you know, you said something very interesting to me. You said in the in mining, for example, I'm sure this goes for other areas of technology that they have developed their technologies, their processes and things that we don't even, we're not privy to, they don't open it up. Like some people get really upset about this, I think. Um, and I'm trying to be open-minded, I'm not tipping my hat in any way. But you know, I guess there has been a lot of talk in the last several years about like, okay, if you're too open, and even in Canada we have this, so like they go to Waterloo or UFT or or whatever, and they come and they study um at these schools that are developing lots of technology and doing lots of research, and then we're open to people coming from places like China and learning all these process uh processes and developing these processes and then going back there. But the sharing is not a two-way street, I I I guess what I want to touch on. So I'm curious about both your opinions.

SPEAKER_01

Uh well, I mean, I was at MIT in February of 2001 when um the ship was bombed in the Gulf, right? And that was bin Laden. Um, I was also there when the US uh plane, spy plane had to land an emergency landing in China. And it was uh, you know, they had they had people in America, especially in 2001. I mean in September of 2001, there were there were there were people from the bin Laden family at in in Massachusetts studying at the best schools, right? Uh so I don't know how you stop that. Um, but uh just because you're related to someone doesn't mean that you're a bad person.

SPEAKER_04

Yeah. I've got relatives that I think are a bit questionable, maybe not bin Laden level, but yeah.

SPEAKER_02

True.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, I mean, I mean, I I remember when like my fellow classmates were like, we need to get rid of all the Chinese nationals, especially when that spy plane landed. And I thought, oh wow, this is I had never experienced anything like that.

SPEAKER_04

I mean, I don't think uh I wouldn't say that, but I do do know there are people that talk like that. And I was at a tech company some years ago, and um this would have been uh I think it was 2019. I know exactly when it was. It was 2019, and uh I and the CEO and another person were helping to raise a follow-on run uh round of investment. And we were scrambling around because we were growing rapidly, but we we had forecast um that by the fall of that year we were going to run out of money, right? And in lieu of just like slowing everything down such that we wouldn't be burning money, we had to raise again, right? This is a standard kind of way of operating for uh high-growth startups, as you well know, I'm sure. And so uh we were like, oh, where do we get that? And so we had some follow-on people that were following, you know, the thing is to get the lead investor, and so um, you know, I had a lot of people that said, yes, we're gonna get in, but you need to find your lead because like nobody really wants to go first, and they uh they're responsible for the due diligence and blah blah blah. And so we found it. We were doing a$20 million raise, and it we needed that like basically$10 million lead to come in. And we found it. And it was a company that was in Hong Kong, and um they at least they had a subsidiary in Hong Kong, but they like China, and you could debate whether or not they were at that point even separate or not, whatever. But then all of the follow-on investment was in North America, primarily in the United States, and so they they're like, Yeah, as soon as you get that lead, come back and we're in. So I went back and remember having these conversations, and one by one, it's like, okay, yeah, tell us who it is. It's this company, and you know, they're it's China. Nope, absolutely not. We're not gonna put any dollars in if there's a Chinese lead investor, like, holy fuck. And that was kind of at its apogee, that whole talk about that. I would never be one to say, because I think apart from the immorality of it and just like the shittiness of it, saying, Okay, let's just kick out all the Chinese from our schools. Like, well, first of all, how do you do that? And it you're cutting your nose off to spite your face, right? But I do think there's Should be I I don't know. I don't know if Brigade answer, but like it's not just like kicking people out and doing that. But you have to figure out a way to make this a little bit more uh two-way and get taking advantage of them. I don't know. You guys have worked in that world at a much deeper level than I ever have, but I I'm aware of that sort of thing. When you were talking about it, maybe it just kind of struck me.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, no, I look, I uh I think those that have to go back, it's because they're funded by their governments. So the schools need to decide whether they allow government funding. And you know, um, so I don't know if when I graduated from MIT, you could work in America for one year. Um, my daughter's boyfriend is studying at UC Berkeley, and he's graduating with a STEM degree, and now you got four years. So um I would make it make it better for smartest people to stay, and you know, you know what they're gonna do? They're gonna earn a lot of money and they're gonna pay taxes.

SPEAKER_00

Right. Yeah, yeah, yeah.

SPEAKER_01

Right?

SPEAKER_00

Like I I think I think that's the biggest uh problem I see with uh with what's going on in the states now is um just like as certainly in academic circles, like the um just the the funding uncertainty and all of this anti-immigrant stuff is making it so that you know the the US is less less of an attractive place to go and study as a foreign student as it used to be historically. And you know, that's that's bad. I think I I feel like that's bad for the US. I mean, maybe it maybe, yeah, sure, it uh it opens up opportunities for um for for maybe American students more, but it's not like there were that many American students going into engineering. Um, you know, like there there was a a a need to bring in um um you know uh uh people to study uh well I mean if you just if you just look at medicine, yeah, there is a deficit in physicians around the globe.

SPEAKER_01

There is a deficit in the UK, there is a deficit in Canada, there is a deficit in America. So we the world does not produce enough doctors.

SPEAKER_04

Right. What's the fundamental reason you think? Like if you have to put your finger on or the biggest reason.

SPEAKER_01

The well, we have an aging population.

SPEAKER_04

Okay.

SPEAKER_01

So I mean, one so every day in the US, 10,000 people turn 65. We have right now uh the wealthiest generation is the boomer generation, and they are aging. And um so globally, if you November 2024, there were 830 million people on this planet over the age of 65. We have countries uh where such as Japan and Italy, where they have massive aging populations, and it's coming to us too. Yeah, so so how do you treat people that are aging? And you need physicians, you need nurses, you need people that are interested in that area. And how many new medical schools are there in Canada? I think the last one was out the Ranch. So uh give me right. It's not like we're making new medical schools. I it's difficult to get in. I mean, so we're not making it easy.

SPEAKER_00

We're not making it easy to get in, and many, many of those people studying um to be a doctor don't become uh you know general a general practitioner. And that's I think in particular in Canada, the one that that we are uh falling down the most on.

SPEAKER_01

They're not paid enough. What if they're not if they're not if if medical students are not choosing to be a um a gener a GP, then GPs are not paid enough.

unknown

Yeah.

SPEAKER_04

I mean it's the but I I don't think the answer is just at least because we cannot necessarily as a as a society or societies afford to pay more. I think we need to rethink, and medicine is a good example of this. I personally strongly think we need to rethink how we educate people. I think we need the whole thing, the whole thing about how we do it at universities and all, you know, even in high school leading up to this, that what we teach, how we teach it, how long we teach it, does a medical degree and all of the things to become a specialist physician require. I know if you want to become a surgeon, I I'm sure this hasn't changed.

SPEAKER_01

It depends on the on the type of surgery, right? So, I mean, I think in in North America, you have to do your undergrad first before you go to medical school. In the UK, at Oxford and at Cambridge, you just go directly into it.

SPEAKER_04

Most of the world.

SPEAKER_01

Right.

SPEAKER_04

So, so you know. So there you go. That's what I'm saying. That like that's stupid. I think that's I personally think that's stupid. There are tons of great doctors that come out of places like South Korea or the United Kingdom, and they don't have that system where it's the same in Canada, right? But you have need an undergrad degree first before you even qualify for the file.

SPEAKER_01

It's also difficult to get your license when you're transferring your your credentials into other countries. So, I mean, I think if you're licensed in the US or you're licensed in Canada, you're licensed in Italy, you're licensed. Like there are certain countries that if you are a licensed doctor, you should have mobility.

SPEAKER_04

Yes. I think if you're a member of the, if you graduate from a from a like I say, medical school, for example, and you graduate from a university within the G7 or the Commonwealth, there's some overlap. I think you should have more mobility. But yeah, I I think that should be semi-automatic. I do kind of think there's an argument for, certainly no argument for the racist uh side of this, but I do think there has it's come to light with some evidence recently. If you talk about places like India, where a lot of people have immigrated to Canada, and it turns out now that that there was a very substantial number of fraudulent uh, you know, people claiming fraudulent things to get in. And that could I conceivably at least be uh be with medical qualifications too. I do think there's there's probably an argument to some degree for a little bit more uh robust inquiry. But if you're from a G7 country, these are our friends, our allies, right? Yeah. And then it should be pretty, it should be pretty easy process. But I but I also think combined with that, like I was saying, like, you know, I do think education and just not just medical. I think we're we're due for a major overhaul, like philosophically, even how people get educated. Like, like, for example, I mean, I I have worked in the in the information technology field in and out in multiple different ways and around, and hired lots of um software developers over the years, and always the best, or you know, programmers, whatever, right? Always the best ones that I've met. Like most of them, frankly, are like high school dropouts and former co-cats. I'm not even fucking exaggerating. I'm not like and I'm not gonna name any names here, but you can go through my LinkedIn, folks.

SPEAKER_01

Well, but but I mean, look, if you are a successful programmer and you have been with the background that you're stating, you've done over 10,000 hours of just coding because you enjoy coding. I mean, it's not like it's not like it's not like you they might have been doing whatever, but they still, whatever they were doing, they love to code. Yeah, whatever it is, they're great, right? So, I mean, it's it's it coding is a is is a skill, it is an art. And I mean, you know, my sister um is she's a programmer, so she she was part of the team that developed um Maya, and they won an Oscar for that for Nemo, Lord of the Rings, and The Matrix. So those are like those people can code. I mean, I remember she had this thing, so she's a specialist, and I'm probably gonna say it wrong, and I'm all wrong, and she's gonna kill me. But she's a specialist in uh mentor ray, so light refraction. So, and so she was part of the team, and there's a lot of videos with her. Um, she did all of the computer graphics for Far Cry Six, and one of the characters in in that video game is my mom.

SPEAKER_02

Does your mom know this?

SPEAKER_01

Well, my mom passed away before Far Cry Six was so my mother was dying, and Stephanie ensured that um there was an homage to our mother, and so Big Mama, I think that's her name. So it's just like rebel old lady with like white hair. That's my mom.

SPEAKER_02

Oh, that's awesome.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah. So um, yeah, so I mean, Stephanie's very talented, and you know, she works with a lot of people that they've just been coding their whole lives, but that's just like what they love to do. Just like you know, Wayne Gretzky when he was little, all he wanted to do was play hockey, like try getting him in the house. He just wanna, it's the same thing with these guys that are coders, right? Like it's the same. So um so let me interject.

SPEAKER_04

So let's go back to your mom for a second, shall we? Yeah, uh mama, and sorry, what was the that that animated film she was in again?

SPEAKER_01

Uh Far Cry Six is a video game.

SPEAKER_04

Far Cry You're not a gamer. I mean, you can tell I am not a gamer. But wait, you know what? I was ecstatic. I was in New York recently, and in the hotel they had uh subsequently I saw it again elsewhere, but um, they had a uh an old uh Pac-Man thing, like where you sit down and it was playing. It's like it's the riot.

SPEAKER_01

Okay, yeah, I'm gonna get I'm gonna get the the proper name, Park Price 6. I think it's Big Mama. I mean Big Mama. Yeah. So okay, it's lucky uh is it Lucky Mama? Yeah, so this is I don't know if you can see it well what I'm gonna do.

SPEAKER_04

I'm gonna okay. See, that's what I wanted. So you're doing it for me. I wanted you to show me a picture of this character.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, so that's my mom.

SPEAKER_04

Yeah, so um and does she have the characteristics of your mom or some of them? Right?

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, uh uh.

SPEAKER_04

Okay.

SPEAKER_01

My mother is a character. I mean, I'm not a video, I'm not a gamer. Um, I mean, and I remember my mom just yelling at my sister that she was gonna waste her life playing all these video games. Well, well, and so you know, with my kid, totally into video games, and he asked me for uh a gaming computer, and he was 10. And I said, You want a gaming computer? And he's like, he wanted this expensive gaming computer. I said, No, you gotta build it. He's like, What? I go, you put together as I showed him how to use Excel, I go, you put together a spreadsheet with links of what you want and what you need to put together this computer, and I'll buy it. Well, but Daddy and I will buy it for you. Right. And this 10-year-old, he did everything and he submitted it. And then um my ex-husband, he went through it and he did a few corrections, and then Matthew put it together, and he's been he's been he's been putting together computers ever since, and he got into engineering, so you plant a potato, you get a potato. And he's starting at yeah, so he's I'm very excited for him.

SPEAKER_02

That's awesome. That's awesome.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, yeah. I hope to put, I hope to I was, you know, go to his iron ring ceremony because I, you know, can.

SPEAKER_04

Yes, yeah. Are you all engineers in your family?

SPEAKER_01

Um, I am. He's a PhD in engineering. Um, my daughter is an artist doing political science, so she rebelled, and then my son is an engineering and he's gonna be going to the West Coast.

SPEAKER_04

So very exciting. Okay, that's awesome. Well, I I don't know how whether we probably don't have much more time. We always have time for you, but she also go on. Like I I guess um I will kind of bring it to a close, but for uh special thanks, of course, to you, Nadine, for coming on here in our very budding podcast. But of course, it will be absolutely I'm trying to make my hands as small as possible when I say that. It will be absolutely huge. Huge, huge, or however he says it. You know, he with a with a fucking absolutely a lower case H. I'm not gonna don't mention the name anyway, because I you know I may have to go there sometimes, but um, it's gonna be huge in the future, and you know, you will be on here and people will come back, including us.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, I know it's been fun. I mean, uh, hopefully next time we can all do it in Malta.

SPEAKER_00

Yes, that would be great.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, I think you guys should take it on the road.

SPEAKER_04

Yeah. And even maybe an intermediary step could be, uh, or maybe it is in Malta, like we do it from the uh from the room. What do you call that? Where they have the uh safety deposit boxes where all your tiers the vault. Do it from the vault, although the reception.

SPEAKER_01

Well, we have to be together, and um, we'll all be wearing tiaras.

SPEAKER_04

There you go. There you go. And in the meantime, we are planning, folks, to do a uh karaoke or karaoke.

SPEAKER_01

Oh, I love karaoke. I'm so bad.

SPEAKER_04

Yeah, so we'll do it. Um, but yeah, thanks so much for uh coming on and doing this. And Trevor, I really hope you recorded uh all of us because he didn't he he alluded to it, but you don't know the backstory. One of the best ones, if not previous to yours, that was the best one, I think. Um it got fucked up. Pardon my Swahili because it was uh I was talking and the other person was talking, then when it came to Trevor, who didn't talk for like the first five minutes, and I'm going through listening to it, and like none of the sound was coming up.

SPEAKER_00

Oh I had recorded with like um system microphone only system only, not not microphone sounds. So none of my none of my talking came through, and um, and we usually have a backup of a second recording, and um that backup failed, but I have the transcript, so now I have I have to go back through and like dub over myself.

SPEAKER_01

Also, you have to pick the voice. Are you gonna do Stephen Hawking?

SPEAKER_00

No, I'm just gonna I'm just gonna record myself in when I was speaking, but like, you know, try try and match my my uh you should you should just you should use a robot voice.

SPEAKER_01

What are you talking about?

SPEAKER_04

Oh yeah, yeah. No, I've done this. I did it very recently, in fact. 11 Labs. The guy's like at least on paper, who knows? A billionaire who started this company, right? It's voice mimicking. Did you know this, Nadine? So you can literally put your voice in, like you can put some samples of your voice in, and then you can um, I'm trying to remember how I did it. I put the voice in, and no, I put the whole recording of my voice in in English, of course. And then I wanted to uh translate that basically, and with my voice, translate into Chinese and Spanish because the one guy uh is in Colombia. Um I know there's a family connection to you in Colombia, right? Yeah, your mom, right? Your mom was my mother, yeah.

SPEAKER_01

That's why that's why she's like lucky mama or big mama or there you go.

SPEAKER_04

So I did it in Spanish for this one guy, and I did it in Chinese for the other for the other person, the woman, and it's so weird like to hear it, like it's definitely my voice, but I'm like on one of them, I it's like I'm speaking Chinese fluently, and the other one's Spanish fluently.

SPEAKER_01

So try it. Can you pick like the accent so that you would be speaking Chinese but with a Canadian or an American accent?

SPEAKER_04

I don't I well, no, it I guess in a way, because it's picking up my voice. Although I don't know, unless I was fluent in those languages, I wouldn't really know, but you would know.

SPEAKER_01

I would know, I would know. I would know. I mean, so like in Spanish, there's different accents, right? So that's why I ask.

SPEAKER_04

Like you can know what it is. Maybe it's like uh maybe it's Spanish from the barrio of LA or something.

SPEAKER_02

Oh, he froze?

SPEAKER_00

He froze. Oh, there we are. You back.

SPEAKER_04

I I thought it was frozen because you were like shocked at what I said. I'm like, what did you say? Well, this is what happens when you uh record live remotely. So to your point, Nadine, at some point we shall do it all together, maybe in Malta. I don't know.

SPEAKER_00

Maybe, maybe uh definitely someplace warmer because it's been a pretty cold winter. So Texas.

SPEAKER_01

No. Well, yeah, I I I you know what, maybe like Latin America. So we could try your okay.

SPEAKER_04

So I'm gonna close it out. So thank you to you guys and to the audience, of course, all our high octane friends, and you know, Nadine's a great example of what it uh what it means to the epitome really of being high octane. Arguably we all are, but really this is just this is the Nadine Nadine show or nerd as you put it. Um, so thank you, and please comment, uh, please be kind, uh, especially to animals. Uh, and just remember that we're all earthlings. Um, we are, yes, we are you know we have a lot in common because think about this, right? Here we are in we are in Malta, we're in Toronto, we we have probably um visitors from Japan and Australia and Swaziland and South Africa, I don't know. Um, but you might have people listening in from Iran, but at the end of the day, if we were all suddenly to be imminently invaded by aliens, surely we would all pull together, right? So just remember a movie like that. Yes, yeah, of course. So thank you again, and um, that's it for today, folks. Come back next time and uh we'll have even more treats for you. Thank you.

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