History for Kids / History's Not Boring: The Kids History Podcast

What is the spring equinox?

SCL Season 1 Episode 139

Use Left/Right to seek, Home/End to jump to start or end. Hold shift to jump forward or backward.

0:00 | 12:57

Get ready for sunshine and fun because today is all about the amazing Spring Equinox! Finn and Mira are diving into a day when the light and dark are perfectly balanced—everywhere on Earth! Ever wonder why we have seasons? We’re solving that HUGE mystery! Then, buckle up for ancient secrets: people thousands of years ago built giant stone circles, like Stonehenge, just to mark this exact sunny day! And wait until you hear about the giant serpent shadow that appears on a Mayan pyramid in Chichén Itzá! Plus, we’re celebrating Nowruz, the Persian New Year, with all its springtime traditions! Join us for science, history, and massive celebrations—it’s History's Not Boring!

SPEAKER_01

Welcome to History's Not Boring by Kidobly.com. I'm Mira! And I'm Finn. Finn, today is a super special day coming up. It's when the entire world hits a perfect, natural reset button.

SPEAKER_00

A reset button? Like on a video game console. Does it give me extra lives?

SPEAKER_01

Even better! It's the spring equinox! It means for just one moment, day and night are exactly the same length, all over the whole planet.

SPEAKER_00

Wait, wait, equal night? Wait, wait, how equal? Like twelve hours of sun and twelve hours of dark everywhere? That sounds impossible!

SPEAKER_01

Almost? The word equinox comes from Latin for equal night. It's super close to twelve hours each, though the sun being a disk and our air means it's usually a few minutes off. But ancient people knew this moment was magic, and they built huge things to track it.

SPEAKER_00

Whoa, so this isn't just about flowers blooming. This is a huge, worldwide, secret code day. Exactly.

SPEAKER_01

We're talking about giant stone circles in England, amazing pyramids in Mexico, and a New Year celebration that's over 3,000 years old. Tell me about the pyramids. Were they made just for the shadows? Get ready for the shadow of a serpent, Finn. Our hook for today is this. At one ancient site, a shadow shaped like a giant snake slides down a pyramid staircase for about 45 minutes on this exact day.

SPEAKER_00

Okay, before we get to the snake, why does the day-night thing change anyway? Why isn't it always equal? It's because the Earth is tilted.

SPEAKER_01

Imagine spinning a basketball with a toothpick stuck through the middle. That toothpick is Earth's axis. It's tilted about 23.5 degrees all the time as we orbit the Sun.

SPEAKER_00

Wait, wait. So if it's tilted, that means one half of the Earth is leaning toward the Sun more, right? That half gets summer.

SPEAKER_01

Yes. During the summer solstice, the northern hemisphere leans way toward the sun, getting super long days. In winter, it leans away, giving us short days and long nights.

SPEAKER_00

Oh, I get it. The equinox must be that perfect time when the Earth is sideways to the Sun, so neither half is leaning in or out.

SPEAKER_01

Precisely! That's the moment the sun shines equally on the north and south poles. This happens twice a year. The vernal, or spring, equinox in March, and the autumnal equinox in September.

SPEAKER_00

Okay, now tell me about the people who noticed this. Who were they?

SPEAKER_01

Well, let's start in the Middle East, where they still celebrate Noruz, the Persian New Year, which is based on this exact astronomical moment. It's been celebrated for over 3,000 years, rooted in the ancient religion of Zoroastrianism.

SPEAKER_00

3,000 years? That's older than almost everything. What do they do for Noruz?

SPEAKER_01

They focus on renewal. They do harna takani, which means spring cleaning the entire house from top to bottom. Then they set out a huffed sin table with seven special items starting with the letter S in Persian, symbolising things like health and beauty. Around 300 million people celebrate it across Iran, Central Asia, and more.

SPEAKER_00

300 million people? That's like almost every person in the whole United States. Did those ancient Persian kings really care about this day? Oh yes.

SPEAKER_01

King Darius the Great, back around 515 BC, founded the ceremonial capital city of Parsa, also called Persepolis, partly to celebrate Norruz. He invited nobles from all his provinces, no matter their religion, to celebrate this day of balance together.

SPEAKER_00

Okay, okay, that's cool. But what about that pyramid shadow? Where was that exactly?

SPEAKER_01

We're travelling to Mexico, to the ancient Mayan city of Chichen Itza. This city was a huge centre from about 600 AD to the 1200s. Its main feature is the Temple of Cucucan, or El Castilo, which is 79 feet tall.

SPEAKER_00

Wait, wait, 79 feet? That's taller than a seven-story building. Did they use that whole thing just for a shadow trick?

SPEAKER_01

They did. The pyramid is like a giant calendar itself. Each of the four sides has 91 very steep steps. Add the top platform and you get 365 steps. One for every day of the year. They were astronomers!

SPEAKER_00

Whoa, so when the equinox hits, the sun shines just right.

SPEAKER_01

The sun sets on just the right arc, casting a shadow of the pyramid's edge onto the railing of the northern staircase. This shadow looks like a giant serpent. It slowly creeps down the stairs, taking about 45 minutes to move. A snake shadow? Where does it go? It slithers all the way down until it connects with a huge stone statue of a snake's head. The head of the god Kukulkan, the feathered serpent. In Maya belief, this is the moment the god descends from the heavens to bless the people and ask for good harvests. It's their signal to start planting.

SPEAKER_00

So if the shadow missed the head by just a little bit, the whole blessing would be messed up. That's so much pressure on the sun. That's the cause and effect.

SPEAKER_01

Their whole agricultural calendar relied on that alignment. In some recent years, like 2023, the visitor count was around 20,500 people just to watch this happen.

SPEAKER_00

We talked about Mexico and Persia. But what about England? You mentioned Stonehenge earlier. Next up, Stonehenge in England.

SPEAKER_01

This massive circle of stones was built over thousands of years, starting around 3000 BC. Imagine 50 massive stones, with the biggest ones, the trilithons, weighing up to 50 tonnes each.

SPEAKER_00

50 tonnes? That's like 10 huge elephants just balancing there. How did they move them?

SPEAKER_01

The smaller bluestones were brought 140 miles from Wales. But for the equinox, we look at the alignment. While Stonehenge is most famous for the summer solstice sunrise, lining up with the heel stone, it also has alignments for the equinoxes, though historians argue about how much it mattered compared to the solstices.

SPEAKER_00

Wait, so the equinox doesn't have a superclear line like the longest day? That's the debate.

SPEAKER_01

Some think the entire structure was built to track the northeast to southwest solar axis. Back when it was built, the Earth's tilt was slightly different, about 24 degrees instead of the 23.5 degrees today. That tiny change means the original sunrise point was about two whole sunwids away from where the heel stone is now.

SPEAKER_00

So the sky they saw 4,500 years ago wasn't the same sky we see now. That's a huge difference.

SPEAKER_01

It is. But the idea of balance remains. The equinox is a turning point. It's when we stop moving toward the longest or shortest day and start moving the other way. It's a signal of change for everyone, everywhere.

SPEAKER_00

It's like at the exact moment of the equinox, the world takes a deep breath before deciding whether to start warming up or cooling down. That's a perfect way to put it.

SPEAKER_01

After, they get shorter and cooler, autumn.

SPEAKER_00

So it's like the calendar switch that farmers and ancient builders needed to know when to plant those seeds you mentioned for no roos.

SPEAKER_01

Exactly. For farmers globally, it signalled the time to plant as warmer weather was coming. And speaking of surprises, here are some fun facts. Bring on the weird stuff. Fact one. Equinoxes are the only two times of the year when the sun rises due east and sets due west everywhere on Earth.

SPEAKER_00

Due east and due west. So it's the one day I can trust my compass to line up perfectly with the sunrise.

SPEAKER_01

You can! Fact two. In Japan, the spring equinox is a national holiday called Higan, where people visit family graves and remember their ancestors. A quiet way to observe the balance.

SPEAKER_00

Remembering ancestors on the day of equal light. That's nice. My favourite fact is the 10-story shadow at Chichenitsa.

SPEAKER_01

Mine too. Imagine that 120-foot-long snake shadow appearing right at sunset. And one last thing. If the Earth didn't have that 23.5 degree tilt, we wouldn't have seasons at all.

SPEAKER_00

It would just be the same temperature all year round. No winter snow. That would be kind of boring, even if it meant no super hot summer. But the tilt makes history exciting.

SPEAKER_01

Alright, Finn, time for the quiz. We need to test how much amazing equinox knowledge you absorbed.

SPEAKER_00

Okay, I'm ready. I hope I remember the number of steps on that pyramid. First question.

SPEAKER_01

What famous Latin word part means equal in the word equinox? Next one, this is tricky. What is the name of the Persian New Year celebration based on the spring equinox? Question 3. The Mayan Kukulkan Pyramid at Cheechen Itza is actually structured like a calendar with how many total steps, including the top platform? Here's number four. What is the approximate degree that Earth's axis is tilted which causes all the seasons? Last question. At Stonehenge, which event besides the equinox is strongly aligned with the Heelstone and the main avenue. Great job! Let's see how you did! Were you tracking those numbers? The first answer is Aqua, which means equal. For question two, the celebration is noros. Number three, the answer is 365 steps. Question 4. The Earth's tilt is about 23.5 degrees. And the final answer is the summer solstice sunrise alignment.

SPEAKER_00

I got three of them right. I'm never looking at a sunny day the same way now. It's all about the Earth's tilt. Me too.

SPEAKER_01

Thinking about how the Mayans, the Persians, and the builders of Stonehenge all had to track this one perfect moment is just mind-blowing.

SPEAKER_00

History truly is not boring. Hey everyone, if you learned something awesome about that equal day and night, please help us out. Can you go leave us a five-star review? It helps other kids find our show.

SPEAKER_01

Yeah, just scroll down where you listen and tap those five stars, just like you'd count the steps on Kuku Khan's pyramid. It helps history's not boring reach even more amazing kids.

SPEAKER_00

And hey, if you want to see pictures of that 79-foot tall pyramid or learn about the Haft Sin table, check out our site at kidopoly.com. We have tons of fun learning games there.

SPEAKER_01

We love hearing from you. If you want to shout out next time or have a super cool question, email us at hello at kidopoly.com. See you next time. Bye for now on History's Not Boring.