{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1.919,"endTime":5.2,"body":"Welcome to Wildlife"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1.919,"endTime":5.2,"body":"Investments, where we discuss"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":5.2,"endTime":10.16,"body":"research, habitat,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":5.2,"endTime":10.16,"body":"hunting, and land management with"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":10.16,"endTime":12.24,"body":"panel of leading"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":10.16,"endTime":12.24,"body":"resource managers."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":12.24,"endTime":18.239,"body":"Wildlife"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":12.24,"endTime":18.239,"body":"Investments, resource management by"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":21.359,"endTime":25.12,"body":"Okay,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":21.359,"endTime":25.12,"body":"welcome back to the next episode of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":25.12,"endTime":26.399,"body":"Investments"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":25.12,"endTime":26.399,"body":"Podcast."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":26.399,"endTime":30.8,"body":"And we have"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":26.399,"endTime":30.8,"body":"a topic to discuss today, a lot of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":30.8,"endTime":34.399,"body":"concern with"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":30.8,"endTime":34.399,"body":"people regarding the use of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":34.399,"endTime":40.64,"body":"And lots of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":34.399,"endTime":40.64,"body":"people are trying to move away from"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":40.64,"endTime":44.399,"body":"using"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":40.64,"endTime":44.399,"body":"herbicides entirely, and there's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":44.399,"endTime":45.2,"body":"wrong with"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":44.399,"endTime":45.2,"body":"that whatsoever."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":45.2,"endTime":48.799,"body":"But we want"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":45.2,"endTime":48.799,"body":"to talk about some of the pros and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":48.799,"endTime":53.039,"body":"cons and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":48.799,"endTime":53.039,"body":"situations where maybe you can be"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":53.039,"endTime":56.799,"body":"and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":53.039,"endTime":56.799,"body":"accomplish what you want to without"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":56.799,"endTime":57.119,"body":"of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":56.799,"endTime":57.119,"body":"herbicides."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":57.119,"endTime":60.88,"body":"And then"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":57.119,"endTime":60.88,"body":"also review some scenarios where, at"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":60.88,"endTime":64.079,"body":"in our"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":60.88,"endTime":64.079,"body":"opinion, you are going to have to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":64.079,"endTime":68.0,"body":"herbicides"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":64.079,"endTime":68.0,"body":"if you want to get where you want."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":68.0,"endTime":72.56,"body":"So really,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":68.0,"endTime":72.56,"body":"this may be more a discussion about"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":72.56,"endTime":76.239,"body":"pros, cons,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":72.56,"endTime":76.239,"body":"and what are you giving up with the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":76.239,"endTime":77.68,"body":"the use or"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":76.239,"endTime":77.68,"body":"non-use."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":77.68,"endTime":80.719,"body":"So that's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":77.68,"endTime":80.719,"body":"generally what we're going to talk"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":80.719,"endTime":80.879,"body":"today."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":80.879,"endTime":85.04,"body":"And we have"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":80.879,"endTime":85.04,"body":"Moriah Bogas joining us today, and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":85.04,"endTime":87.92,"body":"also Luke"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":85.04,"endTime":87.92,"body":"Reesop of the MSU Deer Lab."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":87.92,"endTime":90.799,"body":"So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":87.92,"endTime":90.799,"body":"gentlemen, number one, how are you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":90.799,"endTime":94.319,"body":"And uh let's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":90.799,"endTime":94.319,"body":"get it rolling with what are your"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":94.319,"endTime":97.12,"body":"what are"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":94.319,"endTime":97.12,"body":"your thoughts about herbicide"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":97.12,"endTime":100.879,"body":"when to use"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":97.12,"endTime":100.879,"body":"it, when to not use it."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":100.879,"endTime":102.56,"body":"What say"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":100.879,"endTime":102.56,"body":"you?"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":103.28,"endTime":104.239,"body":"Yeah, let's do it."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":104.239,"endTime":108.56,"body":"So I think how I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":104.239,"endTime":108.56,"body":"would synthesize my stance on"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":108.56,"endTime":112.48,"body":"is one, I am"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":108.56,"endTime":112.48,"body":"cautious of them."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":112.48,"endTime":120.079,"body":"I've had run-ins"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":112.48,"endTime":120.079,"body":"with them, and and I don't take it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":120.079,"endTime":120.799,"body":"using herbicides."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":120.799,"endTime":126.319,"body":"I wear the PPE, I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":120.799,"endTime":126.319,"body":"take the necessary precautions, and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":126.319,"endTime":129.52,"body":"I come inside and I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":126.319,"endTime":129.52,"body":"shower, you know, as quickly as I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":129.52,"endTime":130.8,"body":"when I get done"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":129.52,"endTime":130.8,"body":"using herbicides."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":130.8,"endTime":133.439,"body":"Even using PPE, I I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":130.8,"endTime":133.439,"body":"know I get exposure."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":133.439,"endTime":135.52,"body":"And I, for one, am"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":133.439,"endTime":135.52,"body":"not crazy about that."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":135.52,"endTime":140.24,"body":"That being said, I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":135.52,"endTime":140.24,"body":"think the use of herbicides is"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":140.24,"endTime":141.68,"body":"dependent on"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":140.24,"endTime":141.68,"body":"context."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":141.68,"endTime":145.84,"body":"And today I really"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":141.68,"endTime":145.84,"body":"wanted to discuss some of the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":145.84,"endTime":149.68,"body":"contexts where"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":145.84,"endTime":149.68,"body":"herbicides are important."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":149.68,"endTime":153.199,"body":"And then I really"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":149.68,"endTime":153.199,"body":"want to get into the the weeds a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":153.199,"endTime":156.4,"body":"bit on some"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":153.199,"endTime":156.4,"body":"alternatives in places where you"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":156.4,"endTime":160.8,"body":"to steer away from"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":156.4,"endTime":160.8,"body":"herbicides in favor of other more"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":160.8,"endTime":164.56,"body":"management"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":160.8,"endTime":164.56,"body":"practices, and then also discuss"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":164.56,"endTime":167.199,"body":"sometimes what"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":164.56,"endTime":167.199,"body":"you're giving up by not using"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":167.199,"endTime":172.08,"body":"I I I will just le"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":167.199,"endTime":172.08,"body":"throw this out there to lead in, and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":172.08,"endTime":173.599,"body":"I'm gonna hand it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":172.08,"endTime":173.599,"body":"over to Luke."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":173.599,"endTime":178.479,"body":"But for me, one of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":173.599,"endTime":178.479,"body":"the main points that I I have a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":178.479,"endTime":182.639,"body":"with anytime"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":178.479,"endTime":182.639,"body":"discussing the herbicides with it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":182.639,"endTime":186.0,"body":"who's like"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":182.639,"endTime":186.0,"body":"anti-anti-herbicides is you know,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":186.0,"endTime":189.759,"body":"out how unnatural it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":186.0,"endTime":189.759,"body":"is, these synthetic compounds, and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":189.759,"endTime":190.4,"body":"I don't disagree."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":190.4,"endTime":194.8,"body":"My counter to that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":190.4,"endTime":194.8,"body":"is we don't live in a perfect world."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":194.8,"endTime":198.24,"body":"We live in a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":194.8,"endTime":198.24,"body":"landscape that is infiltrated with"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":198.24,"endTime":202.8,"body":"species, and because"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":198.24,"endTime":202.8,"body":"of that, we have to hedge the bets"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":202.8,"endTime":205.599,"body":"and sometimes kind"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":202.8,"endTime":205.599,"body":"of lay level the playing field, and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":205.599,"endTime":207.36,"body":"herbicides are a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":205.599,"endTime":207.36,"body":"really good way to do that."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":207.36,"endTime":210.8,"body":"So, Luke, I'll I'll"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":207.36,"endTime":210.8,"body":"let you speak a little bit broadly"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":210.8,"endTime":212.879,"body":"about your stance,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":210.8,"endTime":212.879,"body":"and then maybe we can get into some"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":212.879,"endTime":212.879,"body":"specifics."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":213.919,"endTime":216.8,"body":"Yeah, my stance is very"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":213.919,"endTime":216.8,"body":"similar to what you just shared."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":216.8,"endTime":221.599,"body":"I think that herbicides,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":216.8,"endTime":221.599,"body":"as is any other tool in the tool"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":221.599,"endTime":222.319,"body":"very context-dependent."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":222.319,"endTime":228.159,"body":"And I would throw"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":222.319,"endTime":228.159,"body":"virtually anything else we talk"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":228.159,"endTime":228.4,"body":"with herbicides."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":228.4,"endTime":232.0,"body":"It could be tillage, it"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":228.4,"endTime":232.0,"body":"could be prescribed fire, it could"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":232.0,"endTime":234.319,"body":"be using food plots"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":232.0,"endTime":234.319,"body":"versus not using food plots."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":234.319,"endTime":240.319,"body":"Obviously, herbicides,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":234.319,"endTime":240.319,"body":"there is a greater human and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":240.319,"endTime":244.879,"body":"health component to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":240.319,"endTime":244.879,"body":"herbicides than with some of the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":244.879,"endTime":246.96,"body":"management approaches"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":244.879,"endTime":246.96,"body":"that we take."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":246.96,"endTime":250.56,"body":"But I think when used"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":246.96,"endTime":250.56,"body":"appropriately and very"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":250.56,"endTime":256.959,"body":"herbicides do not have"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":250.56,"endTime":256.959,"body":"to be used repeatedly long term at"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":256.959,"endTime":257.36,"body":"rates."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":257.36,"endTime":261.759,"body":"And when people,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":257.36,"endTime":261.759,"body":"generally speaking, and this is my"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":261.759,"endTime":264.879,"body":"that I've gotten from a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":261.759,"endTime":264.879,"body":"lot of people talking to them,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":264.879,"endTime":269.279,"body":"comments on social"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":264.879,"endTime":269.279,"body":"media, reading popular articles that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":269.279,"endTime":271.839,"body":"you know, explaining"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":269.279,"endTime":271.839,"body":"herbicide alternatives."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":271.839,"endTime":275.279,"body":"One of the really big"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":271.839,"endTime":275.279,"body":"issues that people have with"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":275.279,"endTime":278.879,"body":"is the repeated high"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":275.279,"endTime":278.879,"body":"rate use of herbicides."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":278.879,"endTime":283.6,"body":"And that is more in like"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":278.879,"endTime":283.6,"body":"an ag context where you're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":283.6,"endTime":287.68,"body":"spraying because you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":283.6,"endTime":287.68,"body":"need a you know a really high"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":287.68,"endTime":290.879,"body":"stand with very few"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":287.68,"endTime":290.879,"body":"weeds for seed production or you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":290.879,"endTime":292.0,"body":"whatever the case may"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":290.879,"endTime":292.0,"body":"be."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":292.0,"endTime":294.959,"body":"And we're operating"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":292.0,"endTime":294.959,"body":"obviously in a very different"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":294.959,"endTime":295.12,"body":"that."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":295.12,"endTime":297.759,"body":"And it's not to say that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":295.12,"endTime":297.759,"body":"you can't use herbicides in a food"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":297.759,"endTime":301.439,"body":"plot in the same way to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":297.759,"endTime":301.439,"body":"produce a really pure stand of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":301.439,"endTime":304.959,"body":"food plot forage you're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":301.439,"endTime":304.959,"body":"producing, but when we're talking"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":304.959,"endTime":308.56,"body":"more general habitat"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":304.959,"endTime":308.56,"body":"management maintenance things,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":308.56,"endTime":311.839,"body":"invasive species, you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":308.56,"endTime":311.839,"body":"know, forest and improvement with"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":311.839,"endTime":314.879,"body":"and spray or hack and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":311.839,"endTime":314.879,"body":"squirt or whatever, a lot of these"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":314.879,"endTime":320.16,"body":"applications can be more"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":314.879,"endTime":320.16,"body":"or less really concentrated upfront"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":320.16,"endTime":325.12,"body":"when we're establishing"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":320.16,"endTime":325.12,"body":"whatever cover type we're talking"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":325.12,"endTime":325.36,"body":"using."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":325.36,"endTime":329.439,"body":"And then you can really"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":325.36,"endTime":329.439,"body":"back off your herbicide use long"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":329.439,"endTime":333.04,"body":"and use other"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":329.439,"endTime":333.04,"body":"disturbance techniques like"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":333.04,"endTime":336.72,"body":"disking to maintain the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":333.04,"endTime":336.72,"body":"plant community that you created"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":336.72,"endTime":338.639,"body":"an upfront herbicide"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":336.72,"endTime":338.639,"body":"use."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":338.639,"endTime":342.16,"body":"So I guess to summarize"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":338.639,"endTime":342.16,"body":"all that, I'm I'm with you that I do"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":342.16,"endTime":346.399,"body":"not love the idea of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":342.16,"endTime":346.399,"body":"going out there and spraying"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":346.399,"endTime":350.399,"body":"especially broadcast"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":346.399,"endTime":350.399,"body":"when there's particles floating in"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":350.399,"endTime":353.12,"body":"wind and, you know,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":350.399,"endTime":353.12,"body":"blah, blah, blah, in food plots or"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":353.12,"endTime":358.16,"body":"fields, but I absolutely"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":353.12,"endTime":358.16,"body":"view it as a very beneficial tool"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":358.16,"endTime":361.12,"body":"in the toolbox that we"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":358.16,"endTime":361.12,"body":"can use to achieve desired results."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":361.12,"endTime":364.0,"body":"And I think one of the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":361.12,"endTime":364.0,"body":"places that I would like to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":364.0,"endTime":367.839,"body":"go with this"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":364.0,"endTime":367.839,"body":"conversation, whenever y'all are"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":367.839,"endTime":372.48,"body":"the people who are very"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":367.839,"endTime":372.48,"body":"anti-herbicides and don't want to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":372.48,"endTime":373.12,"body":"them at all."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":373.12,"endTime":375.439,"body":"Like you said a minute"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":373.12,"endTime":375.439,"body":"ago, Moriah, that is fine."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":375.439,"endTime":380.399,"body":"That's a that's a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":375.439,"endTime":380.399,"body":"completely realistic limitation that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":380.399,"endTime":381.04,"body":"people will have."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":381.04,"endTime":383.68,"body":"However, there will be"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":381.04,"endTime":383.68,"body":"trade-offs with that."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":383.68,"endTime":388.959,"body":"And you will run into"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":383.68,"endTime":388.959,"body":"situations where it might be really"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":388.959,"endTime":393.92,"body":"if not impossible, to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":388.959,"endTime":393.92,"body":"achieve the intended plant community"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":393.92,"endTime":397.439,"body":"results without the use"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":393.92,"endTime":397.439,"body":"of herbicide in some realistic"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":397.439,"endTime":398.24,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":399.6,"endTime":402.399,"body":"Luke, before we go"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":399.6,"endTime":402.399,"body":"on, while I'm thinking of it, first"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":402.399,"endTime":403.6,"body":"off, thanks for"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":402.399,"endTime":403.6,"body":"joining us today."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":403.6,"endTime":406.0,"body":"It's the first time"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":403.6,"endTime":406.0,"body":"we've had you as a guest on."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":406.0,"endTime":409.439,"body":"And I I can think of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":406.0,"endTime":409.439,"body":"other topics in the future I would"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":409.439,"endTime":413.92,"body":"love to have you"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":409.439,"endTime":413.92,"body":"join us to discuss mainly around"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":413.92,"endTime":414.399,"body":"research project."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":414.399,"endTime":417.92,"body":"So would you mind,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":414.399,"endTime":417.92,"body":"because I think we'll want to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":417.92,"endTime":420.16,"body":"it a little bit"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":417.92,"endTime":420.16,"body":"going forward, talk about your"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":420.16,"endTime":422.56,"body":"and what you're"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":420.16,"endTime":422.56,"body":"doing over at Mississippi State"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":423.12,"endTime":423.12,"body":"Sure."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":423.12,"endTime":428.48,"body":"So I've been at the MSU"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":423.12,"endTime":428.48,"body":"Deer Lab for six going on seven"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":428.48,"endTime":429.12,"body":"now."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":429.12,"endTime":434.56,"body":"And my research project"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":429.12,"endTime":434.56,"body":"that I'm currently working on is"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":434.56,"endTime":438.48,"body":"essentially conventional"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":434.56,"endTime":438.48,"body":"versus regenerative management"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":438.48,"endTime":441.6,"body":"which is obviously very"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":438.48,"endTime":441.6,"body":"relevant to the conversation we're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":441.6,"endTime":444.8,"body":"having today because"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":441.6,"endTime":444.8,"body":"part of the regenerative management"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":444.8,"endTime":449.439,"body":"is reducing or"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":444.8,"endTime":449.439,"body":"eliminating herbicide use when we're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":449.439,"endTime":451.439,"body":"food plots or crops."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":451.439,"endTime":454.639,"body":"My project is very"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":451.439,"endTime":454.639,"body":"focused on food plots and old field"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":454.639,"endTime":459.04,"body":"So looking at how, in a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":454.639,"endTime":459.04,"body":"food plot context, a conventional"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":459.04,"endTime":462.48,"body":"plot that's managed with"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":459.04,"endTime":462.48,"body":"tillage and synthetic fertilizers"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":462.48,"endTime":466.72,"body":"and herbicide use to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":462.48,"endTime":466.72,"body":"promote maximum biomass production,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":466.72,"endTime":470.319,"body":"that compares with a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":466.72,"endTime":470.319,"body":"regenerative food plot that's"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":470.319,"endTime":472.879,"body":"directly adjacent to the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":470.319,"endTime":472.879,"body":"conventional, where the regenerative"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":472.879,"endTime":477.839,"body":"is using essentially"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":472.879,"endTime":477.839,"body":"focusing on soil biology, so"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":477.839,"endTime":482.319,"body":"or eliminating herbicide"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":477.839,"endTime":482.319,"body":"use, using all no-till, not using"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":482.319,"endTime":485.279,"body":"any synthetic"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":482.319,"endTime":485.279,"body":"fertilizers or soil amendments, and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":485.279,"endTime":490.079,"body":"species blends to prime"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":485.279,"endTime":490.079,"body":"a soil biology to produce a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":490.079,"endTime":491.04,"body":"food plot."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":491.04,"endTime":494.0,"body":"So we're comparing kind"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":491.04,"endTime":494.0,"body":"of those two different management"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":494.0,"endTime":498.399,"body":"how they impact the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":494.0,"endTime":498.399,"body":"soil, how they impact plant quality"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":498.399,"endTime":502.16,"body":"biomass production, how"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":498.399,"endTime":502.16,"body":"they impact deer and turkey use, how"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":502.16,"endTime":505.12,"body":"they impact the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":502.16,"endTime":505.12,"body":"economics of your food plotting"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":505.12,"endTime":508.399,"body":"terms of what you have"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":505.12,"endTime":508.399,"body":"to spend in terms of money, time,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":508.399,"endTime":511.759,"body":"fuel, etc., to achieve"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":508.399,"endTime":511.759,"body":"desired results."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":511.759,"endTime":516.32,"body":"And then we're also"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":511.759,"endTime":516.32,"body":"looking at a lot of really neat"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":516.32,"endTime":521.12,"body":"brooding ecology in"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":516.32,"endTime":521.12,"body":"terms of this, with how turkey pults"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":521.12,"endTime":524.32,"body":"access bugs and seeds"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":521.12,"endTime":524.32,"body":"and all these different treatments"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":524.32,"endTime":528.08,"body":"how our management"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":524.32,"endTime":528.08,"body":"actions essentially translate to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":528.08,"endTime":533.6,"body":"cover during a life"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":528.08,"endTime":533.6,"body":"stage of pults when it's"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":533.6,"endTime":533.84,"body":"very limited."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":533.84,"endTime":538.08,"body":"So, yeah, that's what"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":533.84,"endTime":538.08,"body":"that's what I've been doing for the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":538.08,"endTime":539.6,"body":"few years, and we're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":538.08,"endTime":539.6,"body":"wrapping up my project."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":539.6,"endTime":544.08,"body":"Right now we're in the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":539.6,"endTime":544.08,"body":"last year of field work, so we will"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":544.08,"endTime":546.96,"body":"have lots of results"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":544.08,"endTime":546.96,"body":"coming out in the near future, and I"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":546.96,"endTime":549.44,"body":"be very glad to come"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":546.96,"endTime":549.44,"body":"back on and discuss them with y'all"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":549.44,"endTime":550.399,"body":"things are more"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":549.44,"endTime":550.399,"body":"finalized."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":551.679,"endTime":553.6,"body":"Well,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":551.679,"endTime":553.6,"body":"something I think that's really"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":553.6,"endTime":560.399,"body":"Luke, with"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":553.6,"endTime":560.399,"body":"today's discussion is the the fork"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":560.399,"endTime":562.399,"body":"the road"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":560.399,"endTime":562.399,"body":"that we were at."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":562.399,"endTime":566.48,"body":"So w with"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":562.399,"endTime":566.48,"body":"your your project, the whole goal"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":566.48,"endTime":570.0,"body":"comparing"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":566.48,"endTime":570.0,"body":"contrasting your conventional"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":570.0,"endTime":572.399,"body":"versus a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":570.0,"endTime":572.399,"body":"regenerative approach."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":572.399,"endTime":575.039,"body":"Multispecies"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":572.399,"endTime":575.039,"body":"blends, etc."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":575.039,"endTime":575.6,"body":"etcetera."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":575.6,"endTime":580.639,"body":"But we had a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":575.6,"endTime":580.639,"body":"a scenario where we had this species"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":580.639,"endTime":582.159,"body":"that we had"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":580.639,"endTime":582.159,"body":"to control."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":582.159,"endTime":585.919,"body":"In other"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":582.159,"endTime":585.919,"body":"words, we weren't, in our opinion,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":585.919,"endTime":588.24,"body":"that time,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":585.919,"endTime":588.24,"body":"we were not going to have a uh"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":588.24,"endTime":592.559,"body":"evaluation"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":588.24,"endTime":592.559,"body":"of some regenerative plots if we did"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":592.559,"endTime":593.6,"body":"not deal"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":592.559,"endTime":593.6,"body":"with ryegrass."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":593.6,"endTime":599.279,"body":"And so to to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":593.6,"endTime":599.279,"body":"me, that was a a scenario to where"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":599.279,"endTime":602.96,"body":"we didn't"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":599.279,"endTime":602.96,"body":"want to incorporate herbicides."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":602.96,"endTime":605.84,"body":"The whole"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":602.96,"endTime":605.84,"body":"point was to exclude it."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":605.84,"endTime":608.96,"body":"But in this"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":605.84,"endTime":608.96,"body":"particular case, we were not going"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":608.96,"endTime":611.84,"body":"to have a a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":608.96,"endTime":611.84,"body":"a viable regenerative food plot if"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":611.84,"endTime":614.0,"body":"we did not"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":611.84,"endTime":614.0,"body":"deal with with that species."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":614.0,"endTime":618.559,"body":"So"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":614.0,"endTime":618.559,"body":"philosophically, I I think that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":618.559,"endTime":622.639,"body":"of our point"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":618.559,"endTime":622.639,"body":"of view is one of y'all called it,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":622.639,"endTime":626.0,"body":"you know, it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":622.639,"endTime":626.0,"body":"it is a tool, it is a viable tool"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":626.0,"endTime":627.36,"body":"to use when"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":626.0,"endTime":627.36,"body":"you need it."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":627.36,"endTime":630.159,"body":"And so we're"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":627.36,"endTime":630.159,"body":"not working for a particular"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":630.159,"endTime":633.759,"body":"company, so"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":630.159,"endTime":633.759,"body":"we're not advocates for spraying"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":633.759,"endTime":637.919,"body":"but there"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":633.759,"endTime":637.919,"body":"are certainly times when that is"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":637.919,"endTime":642.559,"body":"to be the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":637.919,"endTime":642.559,"body":"single most effective way for you to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":642.559,"endTime":644.399,"body":"accomplish"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":642.559,"endTime":644.399,"body":"your management objectives."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":644.399,"endTime":648.639,"body":"And I am"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":644.399,"endTime":648.639,"body":"certainly not the most learned and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":648.639,"endTime":652.72,"body":"smartest"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":648.639,"endTime":652.72,"body":"regarding alternative methods, but I"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":655.039,"endTime":655.919,"body":"what what"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":655.039,"endTime":655.919,"body":"would we do?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":655.919,"endTime":657.919,"body":"So I thought"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":655.919,"endTime":657.919,"body":"I might pose that to y'all."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":657.919,"endTime":663.679,"body":"So you're"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":657.919,"endTime":663.679,"body":"charged with managing a pine forest"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":663.679,"endTime":667.84,"body":"and the the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":663.679,"endTime":667.84,"body":"mid-story is almost entirely"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":667.84,"endTime":671.12,"body":"of sweet"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":667.84,"endTime":671.12,"body":"gum, and could be several other"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":671.12,"endTime":673.84,"body":"as well, but"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":671.12,"endTime":673.84,"body":"what do you do in that scenario?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":673.84,"endTime":677.279,"body":"Well, some"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":673.84,"endTime":677.279,"body":"may say, well, just fire."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":677.279,"endTime":680.159,"body":"And you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":677.279,"endTime":680.159,"body":"know, Luke, you did a lot of work"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":680.159,"endTime":680.159,"body":"this."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":680.159,"endTime":684.72,"body":"So yeah, you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":680.159,"endTime":684.72,"body":"could incorporate fire and you could"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":684.72,"endTime":688.96,"body":"top kill a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":684.72,"endTime":688.96,"body":"lot of these, but are you going to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":688.96,"endTime":692.159,"body":"get the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":688.96,"endTime":692.159,"body":"sweet gum under control without"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":692.159,"endTime":696.159,"body":"And maybe"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":692.159,"endTime":696.159,"body":"you can, so I'll I'll get your"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":696.159,"endTime":696.72,"body":"on that."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":696.72,"endTime":697.679,"body":"What what"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":696.72,"endTime":697.679,"body":"are your thoughts?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":699.039,"endTime":702.639,"body":"So to back up to the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":699.039,"endTime":702.639,"body":"previous point you made about"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":702.639,"endTime":705.279,"body":"food plots without"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":702.639,"endTime":705.279,"body":"herbicides, absolutely."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":705.279,"endTime":708.96,"body":"And I want to get to the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":705.279,"endTime":708.96,"body":"sweet gum question in a minute, but"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":708.96,"endTime":712.08,"body":"I think it's worth"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":708.96,"endTime":712.08,"body":"dealing for a second with the food"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":712.08,"endTime":712.08,"body":"question."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":712.08,"endTime":715.759,"body":"So a lot of people,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":712.08,"endTime":715.759,"body":"especially when establishing a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":715.759,"endTime":720.24,"body":"food plot, they want to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":715.759,"endTime":720.24,"body":"go through the entire process"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":720.24,"endTime":724.399,"body":"meaning not using"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":720.24,"endTime":724.399,"body":"herbicides or using very, very"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":724.399,"endTime":728.559,"body":"which, like I said a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":724.399,"endTime":728.559,"body":"minute ago, is a perfectly"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":728.559,"endTime":731.519,"body":"limitation to impose on"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":728.559,"endTime":731.519,"body":"your management program because it's"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":731.519,"endTime":733.12,"body":"based on your objectives"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":731.519,"endTime":733.12,"body":"and your concerns."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":733.12,"endTime":737.6,"body":"However, if you are in"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":733.12,"endTime":737.6,"body":"anywhere in the southeastern United"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":737.6,"endTime":740.879,"body":"States, anywhere, you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":737.6,"endTime":740.879,"body":"know, really anywhere in the United"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":740.879,"endTime":744.72,"body":"and you are establishing"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":740.879,"endTime":744.72,"body":"a first-time food plot that is in"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":744.72,"endTime":749.12,"body":"an area that has not"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":744.72,"endTime":749.12,"body":"been managed for crop production,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":749.12,"endTime":753.36,"body":"are very likely going to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":749.12,"endTime":753.36,"body":"have some suite of weeds, many of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":753.36,"endTime":754.799,"body":"which are going to be"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":753.36,"endTime":754.799,"body":"perennial weeds."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":754.799,"endTime":758.799,"body":"Perennial weeds"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":754.799,"endTime":758.799,"body":"generally have a deeper, beefier"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":758.799,"endTime":763.36,"body":"than annual plants, and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":758.799,"endTime":763.36,"body":"managing those, eliminating them so"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":763.36,"endTime":768.159,"body":"you can establish a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":763.36,"endTime":768.159,"body":"successful food plot program is"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":768.159,"endTime":773.279,"body":"difficult, if not, you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":768.159,"endTime":773.279,"body":"know, by all intents and purposes,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":773.279,"endTime":775.679,"body":"without a timely"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":773.279,"endTime":775.679,"body":"herbicide application."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":775.679,"endTime":778.0,"body":"So some examples of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":775.679,"endTime":778.0,"body":"that."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":778.0,"endTime":791.84,"body":"And I have tried to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":778.0,"endTime":791.84,"body":"establish regenerative food plots."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":791.84,"endTime":794.799,"body":"I had a very strong"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":791.84,"endTime":794.799,"body":"suspicion how it was going to go,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":794.799,"endTime":798.72,"body":"tried to establish"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":794.799,"endTime":798.72,"body":"regenerative food plots into"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":798.72,"endTime":803.039,"body":"tall fescue without an"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":798.72,"endTime":803.039,"body":"herbicide application, and it went"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":803.039,"endTime":803.919,"body":"as you could imagine."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":803.919,"endTime":808.799,"body":"It was a complete"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":803.919,"endTime":808.799,"body":"failure because that deep perennial"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":808.799,"endTime":812.24,"body":"system of tall fescue"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":808.799,"endTime":812.24,"body":"cannot be killed by crimping or bush"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":812.24,"endTime":813.6,"body":"hogging or discing."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":813.6,"endTime":816.48,"body":"You're just gonna you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":813.6,"endTime":816.48,"body":"know disturb the soil and you're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":816.48,"endTime":817.279,"body":"have a bunch more tall"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":816.48,"endTime":817.279,"body":"fescue."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":817.279,"endTime":820.559,"body":"Anything you plant into"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":817.279,"endTime":820.559,"body":"it is going to be immediately"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":820.559,"endTime":822.08,"body":"by that tall fescue."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":822.08,"endTime":825.36,"body":"So it's very difficult"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":822.08,"endTime":825.36,"body":"to get the regenerative process"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":825.36,"endTime":829.6,"body":"unless you deal with a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":825.36,"endTime":829.6,"body":"tall fescue or Johnson grass or"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":829.6,"endTime":832.24,"body":"grass or whatever it is"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":829.6,"endTime":832.24,"body":"in the first place."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":832.24,"endTime":836.24,"body":"So on the food plot"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":832.24,"endTime":836.24,"body":"conversation, I would say absolutely"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":836.24,"endTime":839.36,"body":"you want to manage a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":836.24,"endTime":839.36,"body":"regenerative food plot program and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":839.36,"endTime":842.639,"body":"have a problematic"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":839.36,"endTime":842.639,"body":"species like tall fescue, Johnson"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":842.639,"endTime":846.559,"body":"you know, add whatever"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":842.639,"endTime":846.559,"body":"species you'd like to the list."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":846.559,"endTime":851.759,"body":"I would absolutely"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":846.559,"endTime":851.759,"body":"recommend using a strategic, timely"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":851.759,"endTime":856.72,"body":"application up front to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":851.759,"endTime":856.72,"body":"get that species under control and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":856.72,"endTime":858.639,"body":"then starting your"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":856.72,"endTime":858.639,"body":"regenerative food plot program."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":858.639,"endTime":861.919,"body":"If you don't, you know,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":858.639,"endTime":861.919,"body":"you're gonna be wasting a lot of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":861.919,"endTime":866.48,"body":"on seed that is readily"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":861.919,"endTime":866.48,"body":"outcompeted by the plants that are"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":866.48,"endTime":866.72,"body":"already established."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":866.72,"endTime":870.32,"body":"So now I guess to the to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":866.72,"endTime":870.32,"body":"the sweet gum question."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":870.32,"endTime":875.6,"body":"So in a pine stand, in a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":870.32,"endTime":875.6,"body":"pine system where you have a lot of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":875.6,"endTime":880.48,"body":"mid-story sweet gum"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":875.6,"endTime":880.48,"body":"issues that is the where the sweet"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":880.48,"endTime":884.48,"body":"is intercepting sunlight"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":880.48,"endTime":884.48,"body":"and preventing an understory full"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":884.48,"endTime":888.799,"body":"of more desirable"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":884.48,"endTime":888.799,"body":"species from establishing, certainly"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":888.799,"endTime":892.96,"body":"potential remedy to that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":888.799,"endTime":892.96,"body":"problem is to run a really hot fire"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":892.96,"endTime":895.279,"body":"through that stand and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":892.96,"endTime":895.279,"body":"topkill those sweet gums."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":895.279,"endTime":898.72,"body":"Now, several issues come"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":895.279,"endTime":898.72,"body":"along with that if you're not going"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":898.72,"endTime":900.08,"body":"to use an herbicide"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":898.72,"endTime":900.08,"body":"application."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":900.08,"endTime":905.519,"body":"Number one is depending"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":900.08,"endTime":905.519,"body":"on the size of your sweetgums, if"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":905.519,"endTime":910.72,"body":"talking four-inch dBh or"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":905.519,"endTime":910.72,"body":"larger, you're going to need a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":910.72,"endTime":914.559,"body":"really hot fire to bring"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":910.72,"endTime":914.559,"body":"those sweet gums down to ground"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":914.559,"endTime":919.919,"body":"which obviously could"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":914.559,"endTime":919.919,"body":"induce some unintentional mortality"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":919.919,"endTime":922.08,"body":"damage to your crop"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":919.919,"endTime":922.08,"body":"trees and the overstory."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":922.08,"endTime":925.2,"body":"So there's a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":922.08,"endTime":925.2,"body":"silvicultural aspect to this as"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":925.2,"endTime":930.0,"body":"of how a management"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":925.2,"endTime":930.0,"body":"action that might you know help your"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":930.0,"endTime":934.399,"body":"sweet gum problem might"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":930.0,"endTime":934.399,"body":"also inadvertently hurt your"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":934.399,"endTime":935.6,"body":"pine timber."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":935.6,"endTime":939.2,"body":"The second issue with"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":935.6,"endTime":939.2,"body":"that approach, just using a really"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":939.2,"endTime":944.72,"body":"fire, is that to bring"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":939.2,"endTime":944.72,"body":"that sweet gum down to ground level"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":944.72,"endTime":949.84,"body":"from a mid-story tree,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":944.72,"endTime":949.84,"body":"you're going to use up all of the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":949.84,"endTime":953.759,"body":"that you have in the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":949.84,"endTime":953.759,"body":"understory to conduct that burn."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":953.759,"endTime":957.6,"body":"But remember, that sweet"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":953.759,"endTime":957.6,"body":"gum is going to be re-sprouting from"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":957.6,"endTime":958.879,"body":"an established root"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":957.6,"endTime":958.879,"body":"system."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":958.879,"endTime":963.279,"body":"So it is going to grow"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":958.879,"endTime":963.279,"body":"much faster than a sweet gum that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":963.279,"endTime":964.399,"body":"growing from seed wood."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":964.399,"endTime":968.48,"body":"When that happens, it is"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":964.399,"endTime":968.48,"body":"going to get out of the reach of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":968.48,"endTime":970.559,"body":"so to speak, really"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":968.48,"endTime":970.559,"body":"quickly."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":970.559,"endTime":976.159,"body":"Very likely fast enough"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":970.559,"endTime":976.159,"body":"where you do not have fuel that has"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":976.159,"endTime":980.559,"body":"reaccumulated in the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":976.159,"endTime":980.559,"body":"understory to carry another fire to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":980.559,"endTime":983.679,"body":"that sweet gum back to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":980.559,"endTime":983.679,"body":"ground level."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":983.679,"endTime":987.2,"body":"So it's you just kind of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":983.679,"endTime":987.2,"body":"set yourself up to be dealing with"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":987.2,"endTime":990.559,"body":"this cycle that is"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":987.2,"endTime":990.559,"body":"really hard to maintain because"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":990.559,"endTime":991.44,"body":"grow so fast."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":991.44,"endTime":992.48,"body":"You used up your fuel."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":992.48,"endTime":993.919,"body":"How do you deal with it?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":993.919,"endTime":998.24,"body":"So a I think much more"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":993.919,"endTime":998.24,"body":"efficient way to deal with that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":998.24,"endTime":1002.0,"body":"although it would take"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":998.24,"endTime":1002.0,"body":"some more time up front and you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1002.0,"endTime":1005.2,"body":"have to use herbicides"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1002.0,"endTime":1005.2,"body":"up front, is to go in and do a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1005.2,"endTime":1010.08,"body":"treatment on the sweet"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1005.2,"endTime":1010.08,"body":"gum up front and kill that entire"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1010.08,"endTime":1014.08,"body":"so you're not having to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1010.08,"endTime":1014.08,"body":"constantly fight it with fire and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1014.08,"endTime":1016.559,"body":"really ever getting full"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1014.08,"endTime":1016.559,"body":"control of the sweet gum."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1016.559,"endTime":1020.399,"body":"Because if you just go"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1016.559,"endTime":1020.399,"body":"in and burn the sweet gum in year"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1020.399,"endTime":1023.36,"body":"even if you reset all"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1020.399,"endTime":1023.36,"body":"the mid-story sweetgums to ground"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1023.36,"endTime":1027.519,"body":"they're going to be"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1023.36,"endTime":1027.519,"body":"vigorously re-sprouting as soon as"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1027.519,"endTime":1030.319,"body":"fire is passed through"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1027.519,"endTime":1030.319,"body":"that stand."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1030.319,"endTime":1033.44,"body":"All the while they're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1030.319,"endTime":1033.44,"body":"going to be out competing other"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1033.44,"endTime":1035.2,"body":"plants that are in the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1033.44,"endTime":1035.2,"body":"vicinity."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1035.2,"endTime":1037.2,"body":"Sweetgums are very"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1035.2,"endTime":1037.2,"body":"clonal, right?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1037.2,"endTime":1040.64,"body":"So you got one big mama"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1037.2,"endTime":1040.64,"body":"tree, and then you've got a bunch of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1040.64,"endTime":1043.599,"body":"little small trees that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1040.64,"endTime":1043.599,"body":"have sprouted up from that mama"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1043.599,"endTime":1044.319,"body":"root system."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1044.319,"endTime":1048.16,"body":"When you burn and you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1044.319,"endTime":1048.16,"body":"topkill those where you had one"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1048.16,"endTime":1051.839,"body":"now very likely you end"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1048.16,"endTime":1051.839,"body":"up with seven or ten or twenty stems"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1051.839,"endTime":1054.4,"body":"that kind of branch out"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1051.839,"endTime":1054.4,"body":"like an umbrella."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1054.4,"endTime":1057.279,"body":"That umbrella is"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1054.4,"endTime":1057.279,"body":"capturing sunlight, right?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1057.279,"endTime":1060.64,"body":"And it's out competing"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1057.279,"endTime":1060.64,"body":"the high-quality stuff that we want"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1060.64,"endTime":1061.839,"body":"to be germinating in the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1060.64,"endTime":1061.839,"body":"understory."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1061.839,"endTime":1065.68,"body":"So I say all of that to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1061.839,"endTime":1065.68,"body":"say that a more efficient way to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1065.68,"endTime":1068.559,"body":"the sweet gum problem"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1065.68,"endTime":1068.559,"body":"would just be go in and hack and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1068.559,"endTime":1071.92,"body":"or girdle and spray or"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1068.559,"endTime":1071.92,"body":"whatever, those larger mid-story"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1071.92,"endTime":1076.0,"body":"so you can treat one"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1071.92,"endTime":1076.0,"body":"tree instead of top killing it and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1076.0,"endTime":1079.68,"body":"20 or 30 smaller trees"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1076.0,"endTime":1079.68,"body":"to deal with in the future that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1079.68,"endTime":1082.96,"body":"it's going to take you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1079.68,"endTime":1082.96,"body":"years to get good control of."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1083.92,"endTime":1088.799,"body":"I I think that's a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1083.92,"endTime":1088.799,"body":"really good segue into discussing"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1088.799,"endTime":1093.279,"body":"about the context"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1088.799,"endTime":1093.279,"body":"behind herbicide use in the same way"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1093.279,"endTime":1096.16,"body":"that I I I think a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1093.279,"endTime":1096.16,"body":"little bit we kind of led into this"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1096.16,"endTime":1097.839,"body":"talking about those"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1096.16,"endTime":1097.839,"body":"kind of people that hate herbicides."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1097.839,"endTime":1100.799,"body":"So I'm kind of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1097.839,"endTime":1100.799,"body":"labeling and bending people, which"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1100.799,"endTime":1101.2,"body":"fair."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1101.2,"endTime":1103.2,"body":"They do the same"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1101.2,"endTime":1103.2,"body":"thing to us, right?"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1103.2,"endTime":1105.519,"body":"I I think there's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1103.2,"endTime":1105.519,"body":"probably people that maybe are"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1105.519,"endTime":1109.44,"body":"definitely people we"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1105.519,"endTime":1109.44,"body":"run into that see us talking about"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1109.44,"endTime":1113.759,"body":"herbicide"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1109.44,"endTime":1113.759,"body":"treatments, especially mid-story"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1113.759,"endTime":1114.559,"body":"in pine plantation."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1114.559,"endTime":1118.4,"body":"People don't like"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1114.559,"endTime":1118.4,"body":"that, especially aerial applications"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1118.4,"endTime":1120.0,"body":"sometimes make"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1118.4,"endTime":1120.0,"body":"people kind of queasy."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1120.0,"endTime":1122.96,"body":"Anytime that we're"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1120.0,"endTime":1122.96,"body":"doing these blanket applications"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1122.96,"endTime":1126.48,"body":"we're killing like a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1122.96,"endTime":1126.48,"body":"bunch of grass or in that case"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1126.48,"endTime":1128.319,"body":"people push back on"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1126.48,"endTime":1128.319,"body":"it."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1128.319,"endTime":1131.279,"body":"And and a lot of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1128.319,"endTime":1131.279,"body":"times we're here saying, hey, you"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1131.279,"endTime":1133.519,"body":"we're using this for"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1131.279,"endTime":1133.519,"body":"a particular purpose, and I think"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1133.519,"endTime":1135.359,"body":"I think all they"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1133.519,"endTime":1135.359,"body":"hear is that we're pro-herbicide."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1135.359,"endTime":1140.319,"body":"Right there, Luke,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1135.359,"endTime":1140.319,"body":"you laid out a really good example"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1140.319,"endTime":1144.96,"body":"why fire alone in"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1140.319,"endTime":1144.96,"body":"that context isn't going to help"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1144.96,"endTime":1146.0,"body":"sweet gum problem."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1146.0,"endTime":1147.92,"body":"It's going to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1146.0,"endTime":1147.92,"body":"maintain it."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1147.92,"endTime":1151.119,"body":"And I think it's a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1147.92,"endTime":1151.119,"body":"good time to talk about some of the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1151.119,"endTime":1152.88,"body":"other tools that we"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1151.119,"endTime":1152.88,"body":"we discuss all the time."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1152.88,"endTime":1156.4,"body":"Like we talk about"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1152.88,"endTime":1156.4,"body":"disking, we talk about fire timing."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1156.4,"endTime":1159.2,"body":"And I'm sure people"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1156.4,"endTime":1159.2,"body":"have heard us talk about fire"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1159.2,"endTime":1161.519,"body":"they've heard our"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1159.2,"endTime":1161.519,"body":"colleagues talk about fire timing."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1161.519,"endTime":1165.359,"body":"And this is"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1161.519,"endTime":1165.359,"body":"something where I've seen"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1165.359,"endTime":1169.119,"body":"awareness around"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1165.359,"endTime":1169.119,"body":"growing season burns and people"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1169.119,"endTime":1172.799,"body":"to implement that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1169.119,"endTime":1172.799,"body":"and seeing the pros of using growing"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1172.799,"endTime":1174.559,"body":"season fire versus"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1172.799,"endTime":1174.559,"body":"dormant season fire."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1174.559,"endTime":1178.16,"body":"But even in the case"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1174.559,"endTime":1178.16,"body":"of fire timing, of course, it's not"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1178.16,"endTime":1178.64,"body":"a silver bullet."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1178.64,"endTime":1180.96,"body":"In the same way the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1178.64,"endTime":1180.96,"body":"herbicide is not a silver bullet."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1180.96,"endTime":1185.44,"body":"But in in your"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1180.96,"endTime":1185.44,"body":"example there, just using growing"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1185.44,"endTime":1188.4,"body":"fire isn't going to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1185.44,"endTime":1188.4,"body":"kill all of those suicums that are"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1188.4,"endTime":1189.2,"body":"already established"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1188.4,"endTime":1189.2,"body":"in the understory."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1189.2,"endTime":1191.68,"body":"Because to your"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1189.2,"endTime":1191.68,"body":"point, they've already got a root"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1191.68,"endTime":1192.88,"body":"they're very well"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1191.68,"endTime":1192.88,"body":"established."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1192.88,"endTime":1196.72,"body":"Growing season fire"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1192.88,"endTime":1196.72,"body":"is a lot better way to steer a plant"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1196.72,"endTime":1199.759,"body":"community so you"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1196.72,"endTime":1199.759,"body":"don't end up in that issue or in"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1199.759,"endTime":1200.559,"body":"in that problem."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1200.559,"endTime":1205.039,"body":"And it's very"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1200.559,"endTime":1205.039,"body":"similar to rank native warm season"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1205.039,"endTime":1207.759,"body":"something we've"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1205.039,"endTime":1207.759,"body":"discussed in the past at length."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1207.759,"endTime":1210.64,"body":"And a lot of these"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1207.759,"endTime":1210.64,"body":"stands that were planted in the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1210.64,"endTime":1213.359,"body":"warm season grasses"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1210.64,"endTime":1213.359,"body":"10, 15 years ago at really high seed"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1213.359,"endTime":1213.68,"body":"rates."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1213.68,"endTime":1217.44,"body":"All we have is big"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1213.68,"endTime":1217.44,"body":"blue stems, switchgrass, Indian"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1217.44,"endTime":1220.559,"body":"and it's super"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1217.44,"endTime":1220.559,"body":"dense, it's too thick for game birds"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1220.559,"endTime":1223.839,"body":"use, has very little"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1220.559,"endTime":1223.839,"body":"cover value for deer, at least in"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1223.839,"endTime":1226.48,"body":"the center of the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1223.839,"endTime":1226.48,"body":"sand, and overall is just not"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1226.48,"endTime":1228.319,"body":"the kind of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1226.48,"endTime":1228.319,"body":"diversity that we would like."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1228.319,"endTime":1233.599,"body":"And I've seen more"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1228.319,"endTime":1233.599,"body":"and more people saying, Oh, well,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1233.599,"endTime":1235.599,"body":"worry about spraying"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1233.599,"endTime":1235.599,"body":"it."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1235.599,"endTime":1237.119,"body":"You're poisoning the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1235.599,"endTime":1237.119,"body":"earth."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1237.119,"endTime":1237.92,"body":"You know, that's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1237.119,"endTime":1237.92,"body":"bad."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1237.92,"endTime":1240.64,"body":"Don't use chemicals,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1237.92,"endTime":1240.64,"body":"just use growing season fire."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1240.64,"endTime":1243.2,"body":"Which is kind of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1240.64,"endTime":1243.2,"body":"ironic because, you know, I like"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1243.2,"endTime":1245.68,"body":"seen those comments"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1243.2,"endTime":1245.68,"body":"on on the posts of the people who"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1245.68,"endTime":1248.16,"body":"literally did the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1245.68,"endTime":1248.16,"body":"research that's published the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1248.16,"endTime":1250.16,"body":"benefits of using"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1248.16,"endTime":1250.16,"body":"growing season fire."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1250.16,"endTime":1255.2,"body":"But that doesn't"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1250.16,"endTime":1255.2,"body":"address the true limitations that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1255.2,"endTime":1257.599,"body":"are in something"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1255.2,"endTime":1257.599,"body":"like fire seasonality."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1257.599,"endTime":1261.759,"body":"Just burning in the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1257.599,"endTime":1261.759,"body":"late growing season isn't going to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1261.759,"endTime":1264.319,"body":"suddenly set back"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1261.759,"endTime":1264.319,"body":"your native warm season grasses by"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1264.319,"endTime":1264.96,"body":"or 80%."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1264.96,"endTime":1268.319,"body":"Really, the only"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1264.96,"endTime":1268.319,"body":"effective way to do that is a timely"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1268.319,"endTime":1268.96,"body":"application."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1268.96,"endTime":1273.119,"body":"Now, a lot of times"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1268.96,"endTime":1273.119,"body":"we will combine that with fire, or"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1273.119,"endTime":1274.16,"body":"we will combine that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1273.119,"endTime":1274.16,"body":"with disking."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1274.16,"endTime":1276.64,"body":"We will combine it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1274.16,"endTime":1276.64,"body":"with another management action."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1276.64,"endTime":1280.559,"body":"But the thing that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1276.64,"endTime":1280.559,"body":"really pushes that control to the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1280.559,"endTime":1283.279,"body":"where we're actually"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1280.559,"endTime":1283.279,"body":"going to see the flush of Forbes and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1283.279,"endTime":1287.119,"body":"the maintained"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1283.279,"endTime":1287.119,"body":"openness on the ground that we need"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1287.119,"endTime":1289.039,"body":"game birds is"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1287.119,"endTime":1289.039,"body":"through the use of herbicide."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1289.039,"endTime":1293.279,"body":"And so in that case"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1289.039,"endTime":1293.279,"body":"with rank native warm season"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1293.279,"endTime":1297.68,"body":"it's it's parallel"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1293.279,"endTime":1297.68,"body":"to the sweet gum example where we"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1297.68,"endTime":1301.44,"body":"taking a stand that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1297.68,"endTime":1301.44,"body":"was managed poorly before."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1301.44,"endTime":1305.44,"body":"That poor management"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1301.44,"endTime":1305.44,"body":"might have been mismatch of fire"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1305.44,"endTime":1307.2,"body":"It might have been"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1305.44,"endTime":1307.2,"body":"fire exclusion completely."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1307.2,"endTime":1310.319,"body":"Either way, we got"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1307.2,"endTime":1310.319,"body":"too much of something that we didn't"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1310.319,"endTime":1310.799,"body":"want in there."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1310.799,"endTime":1313.519,"body":"Maybe it's mist or"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1310.799,"endTime":1313.519,"body":"sweet gum or rank native warm season"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1313.519,"endTime":1313.92,"body":"grass."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1313.92,"endTime":1316.64,"body":"But really, the only"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1313.92,"endTime":1316.64,"body":"way to get out of there, to get out"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1316.64,"endTime":1319.44,"body":"of that stage, and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1316.64,"endTime":1319.44,"body":"especially to get out of it quickly."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1319.44,"endTime":1320.559,"body":"Is with herbicide."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1320.559,"endTime":1326.48,"body":"And there's, I mean,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1320.559,"endTime":1326.48,"body":"like with grasses, you know, you can"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1326.48,"endTime":1329.759,"body":"do late summer"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1326.48,"endTime":1329.759,"body":"discing, you can do late summer"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1329.759,"endTime":1335.039,"body":"and you might reduce"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1329.759,"endTime":1335.039,"body":"the coverage slightly for a year or"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1335.039,"endTime":1338.64,"body":"half a year, but"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1335.039,"endTime":1338.64,"body":"very quickly those perennial grasses"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1338.64,"endTime":1340.079,"body":"right back to where"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1338.64,"endTime":1340.079,"body":"they were."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1340.079,"endTime":1343.599,"body":"And without severely"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1340.079,"endTime":1343.599,"body":"knocking them back with herbicide,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1343.599,"endTime":1346.16,"body":"we're going to stay"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1343.599,"endTime":1346.16,"body":"at that stage for a long time."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1346.16,"endTime":1349.2,"body":"And then here's the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1346.16,"endTime":1349.2,"body":"important part, like with the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1349.2,"endTime":1353.519,"body":"season fire that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1349.2,"endTime":1353.519,"body":"we're just discussing in pines, we"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1353.519,"endTime":1355.68,"body":"start using that in"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1353.519,"endTime":1355.68,"body":"the future once we get things"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1355.68,"endTime":1356.4,"body":"with the herbicide."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1356.4,"endTime":1361.599,"body":"So the herbicide is"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1356.4,"endTime":1361.599,"body":"a one-time thing to remedy, to fix"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1361.599,"endTime":1362.64,"body":"a problem that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1361.599,"endTime":1362.64,"body":"developed."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1362.64,"endTime":1366.16,"body":"And we're not going"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1362.64,"endTime":1366.16,"body":"to maintain this herbicide"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1366.16,"endTime":1368.799,"body":"in the understory of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1366.16,"endTime":1368.799,"body":"the pines forever."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1368.799,"endTime":1372.48,"body":"It's really just a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1368.799,"endTime":1372.48,"body":"one-time thing to fix where we're"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1372.48,"endTime":1374.799,"body":"And then from there"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1372.48,"endTime":1374.799,"body":"we can move forward with the other"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1374.799,"endTime":1376.319,"body":"tools that we talk"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1374.799,"endTime":1376.319,"body":"about all the time."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1377.119,"endTime":1382.0,"body":"Yeah, when y'all are"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1377.119,"endTime":1382.0,"body":"talking with uh land managers or"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1382.0,"endTime":1387.519,"body":"Facebook comments on a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1382.0,"endTime":1387.519,"body":"habitat management Facebook page,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1387.519,"endTime":1391.519,"body":"is usually the most"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1387.519,"endTime":1391.519,"body":"limited resource for a land manager?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1391.519,"endTime":1392.72,"body":"What do you mean by"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1391.519,"endTime":1392.72,"body":"resource?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1392.72,"endTime":1396.88,"body":"Just anything that they"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1392.72,"endTime":1396.88,"body":"have at their disposal to manage a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1396.88,"endTime":1397.2,"body":"plant community."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1397.839,"endTime":1401.599,"body":"A lot of times it's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1397.839,"endTime":1401.599,"body":"fire because there's a lot of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1401.599,"endTime":1404.319,"body":"with implementing"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1401.599,"endTime":1404.319,"body":"fire, and there's a lot of people"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1404.319,"endTime":1405.759,"body":"have never used fire"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1404.319,"endTime":1405.759,"body":"before."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1406.4,"endTime":1410.16,"body":"Yeah, I think I think"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1406.4,"endTime":1410.16,"body":"that when I'm perusing Facebook"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1410.16,"endTime":1413.2,"body":"certainly when I'm"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1410.16,"endTime":1413.2,"body":"talking to landowners, if we've done"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1413.2,"endTime":1414.88,"body":"we've hit on this some."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1414.88,"endTime":1418.48,"body":"I think a lot of times"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1414.88,"endTime":1418.48,"body":"the most limited resource to people,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1418.48,"endTime":1420.96,"body":"and maybe when I phrased"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1418.48,"endTime":1420.96,"body":"it a minute ago, I I should have"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1420.96,"endTime":1423.599,"body":"I should have phrased it"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1420.96,"endTime":1423.599,"body":"away from like a tool."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1423.599,"endTime":1425.44,"body":"To me, it's more time."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1425.44,"endTime":1430.4,"body":"People are usually most"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1425.44,"endTime":1430.4,"body":"limited on time to what they can get"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1430.4,"endTime":1430.72,"body":"to."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1430.72,"endTime":1434.799,"body":"Like they they can spend"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1430.72,"endTime":1434.799,"body":"the money on drip torch fuel and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1434.799,"endTime":1438.0,"body":"got a tractor and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1434.799,"endTime":1438.0,"body":"they've probably got the equipment"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1438.0,"endTime":1441.44,"body":"to do the job, but they"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1438.0,"endTime":1441.44,"body":"just can't get to all the acres"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1441.44,"endTime":1444.4,"body":"they don't have the time"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1441.44,"endTime":1444.4,"body":"to get to all the acres, especially"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1444.4,"endTime":1447.68,"body":"for more weekend type"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1444.4,"endTime":1447.68,"body":"land managers that it's not their"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1447.68,"endTime":1448.24,"body":"job."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1448.24,"endTime":1451.599,"body":"They just don't have the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1448.24,"endTime":1451.599,"body":"time to manage their food plots to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1451.599,"endTime":1454.079,"body":"the nines and all their"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1451.599,"endTime":1454.079,"body":"timber stands and all their old"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1454.079,"endTime":1456.72,"body":"and keep up with their"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1454.079,"endTime":1456.72,"body":"road maintenance and clear branches"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1456.72,"endTime":1459.279,"body":"from shooting lanes and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1456.72,"endTime":1459.279,"body":"just don't have the time."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1459.279,"endTime":1464.4,"body":"So when I think about"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1459.279,"endTime":1464.4,"body":"that as what I perceive to be the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1464.4,"endTime":1470.0,"body":"common limitation, I"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1464.4,"endTime":1470.0,"body":"would never want to recommend to a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1470.0,"endTime":1475.359,"body":"to approach an issue"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1470.0,"endTime":1475.359,"body":"like the sweet gum encroachment into"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1475.359,"endTime":1480.48,"body":"mid-story with a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1475.359,"endTime":1480.48,"body":"strategy that is not going to be the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1480.48,"endTime":1482.319,"body":"use of their time long"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1480.48,"endTime":1482.319,"body":"term."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1482.319,"endTime":1486.799,"body":"Now, obviously, that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1482.319,"endTime":1486.799,"body":"might come at the expense of using"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1486.799,"endTime":1488.64,"body":"herbicide if they don't"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1486.799,"endTime":1488.64,"body":"want to."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1488.64,"endTime":1492.4,"body":"But when you think about"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1488.64,"endTime":1492.4,"body":"the long-term value of that pine"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1492.4,"endTime":1496.24,"body":"not just for timber"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1492.4,"endTime":1496.24,"body":"production, but also for wildlife"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1496.24,"endTime":1499.119,"body":"and cover and meeting"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1496.24,"endTime":1499.119,"body":"whatever wildlife objectives we"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1499.119,"endTime":1503.92,"body":"their time is going to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1499.119,"endTime":1503.92,"body":"be best used treating that sweet gum"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1503.92,"endTime":1505.279,"body":"problem like that."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1505.279,"endTime":1510.48,"body":"You can turn a stand"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1505.279,"endTime":1510.48,"body":"around in the matter of six to eight"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1510.48,"endTime":1514.079,"body":"with one strategic"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1510.48,"endTime":1514.079,"body":"herbicide application where if you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1514.079,"endTime":1517.759,"body":"use fire repeatedly or"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1514.079,"endTime":1517.759,"body":"just go out there and cut stump the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1517.759,"endTime":1521.759,"body":"trees with a chainsaw,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1517.759,"endTime":1521.759,"body":"you are going to achieve probably"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1521.759,"endTime":1523.039,"body":"of the results."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1523.039,"endTime":1527.599,"body":"And it might take you a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1523.039,"endTime":1527.599,"body":"decade or more, or maybe never, to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1527.599,"endTime":1530.88,"body":"get to the same point"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1527.599,"endTime":1530.88,"body":"you would have if you had just used"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1530.88,"endTime":1532.4,"body":"timely herbicide"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1530.88,"endTime":1532.4,"body":"application."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1532.4,"endTime":1536.0,"body":"So I'm thinking about"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1532.4,"endTime":1536.0,"body":"the use of herbicides for land"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1536.0,"endTime":1541.519,"body":"it's really all about"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1536.0,"endTime":1541.519,"body":"how do I achieve the best results in"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1541.519,"endTime":1542.72,"body":"the least amount of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1541.519,"endTime":1542.72,"body":"time."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1542.72,"endTime":1545.599,"body":"And obviously there's a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1542.72,"endTime":1545.599,"body":"financial aspect to this too,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1545.599,"endTime":1548.48,"body":"herbicide applications"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1545.599,"endTime":1548.48,"body":"are usually, you know, anywhere from"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1548.48,"endTime":1550.4,"body":"$15 to $100 per acre."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1550.4,"endTime":1554.4,"body":"So it's not like it's an"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1550.4,"endTime":1554.4,"body":"insignificant burden on your"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1554.4,"endTime":1556.559,"body":"especially if you're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1554.4,"endTime":1556.559,"body":"managing a lot of acres."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1556.559,"endTime":1560.72,"body":"But when you contrast"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1556.559,"endTime":1560.72,"body":"the amount of money that it costs,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1560.72,"endTime":1563.839,"body":"say $20 per acre for a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1560.72,"endTime":1563.839,"body":"lot of herbicide applications if"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1563.839,"endTime":1568.72,"body":"doing it yourself,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1563.839,"endTime":1568.72,"body":"versus waiting five to ten years to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1568.72,"endTime":1572.48,"body":"maybe the same results"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1568.72,"endTime":1572.48,"body":"that you could in one year with an"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1572.48,"endTime":1573.2,"body":"application."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1573.2,"endTime":1577.2,"body":"That is the best use of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1573.2,"endTime":1577.2,"body":"a manager's time so that they can"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1577.2,"endTime":1578.4,"body":"go into maintenance"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1577.2,"endTime":1578.4,"body":"mode."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1578.4,"endTime":1582.079,"body":"And now I've done my"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1578.4,"endTime":1582.079,"body":"herbicide application, sweet gums"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1582.079,"endTime":1582.319,"body":"under control."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1582.319,"endTime":1586.319,"body":"Now I can just maintain"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1582.319,"endTime":1586.319,"body":"the desired structure, composition,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1586.319,"endTime":1590.559,"body":"whatever of this plant"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1586.319,"endTime":1590.559,"body":"community with strategically time"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1590.559,"endTime":1593.839,"body":"Like you touched on a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1590.559,"endTime":1593.839,"body":"minute ago, Moriah, with the warm"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1593.839,"endTime":1594.319,"body":"grasses."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1594.319,"endTime":1600.64,"body":"I firmly believe that an"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1594.319,"endTime":1600.64,"body":"herbicide application is the best"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1600.64,"endTime":1606.319,"body":"way to get that plant"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1600.64,"endTime":1606.319,"body":"community into a desirable species"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1606.319,"endTime":1607.119,"body":"and structure."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1607.119,"endTime":1611.599,"body":"And then you can use"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1607.119,"endTime":1611.599,"body":"things like fire timing, disking,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1611.599,"endTime":1615.519,"body":"seasonality, return"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1611.599,"endTime":1615.519,"body":"interval, whatever, to maintain the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1615.519,"endTime":1616.72,"body":"structure and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1615.519,"endTime":1616.72,"body":"composition."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1616.72,"endTime":1623.119,"body":"But trying to apply this"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1616.72,"endTime":1623.119,"body":"corrective management approach to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1623.119,"endTime":1626.799,"body":"address this, what could"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1623.119,"endTime":1626.799,"body":"be viewed as a pretty severe"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1626.799,"endTime":1629.92,"body":"native warm season grass"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1626.799,"endTime":1629.92,"body":"encroachment where you have no"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1629.92,"endTime":1633.68,"body":"or very little, and the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1629.92,"endTime":1633.68,"body":"value for game birds is very poor."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1633.68,"endTime":1636.72,"body":"That's not trying to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1633.68,"endTime":1636.72,"body":"address that with just fire, it's"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1636.72,"endTime":1638.4,"body":"completely inefficient,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1636.72,"endTime":1638.4,"body":"right?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1638.4,"endTime":1641.839,"body":"You're in a year, you're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1638.4,"endTime":1641.839,"body":"gonna be at the same point as where"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1641.839,"endTime":1643.519,"body":"you were, or maybe a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1641.839,"endTime":1643.519,"body":"little bit better."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1643.519,"endTime":1646.64,"body":"Whereas I could just use"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1643.519,"endTime":1646.64,"body":"an herbicide application, and now"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1646.64,"endTime":1648.64,"body":"all of a sudden it's"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1646.64,"endTime":1648.64,"body":"like I've got a brand new field."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1648.64,"endTime":1650.72,"body":"I've got a brand new"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1648.64,"endTime":1650.72,"body":"plant community."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1650.72,"endTime":1652.079,"body":"It's not at all the same"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1650.72,"endTime":1652.079,"body":"thing."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1652.079,"endTime":1655.44,"body":"So it's just way more"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1652.079,"endTime":1655.44,"body":"efficient to use the herbicide"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1655.44,"endTime":1659.119,"body":"as step one, deal with"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1655.44,"endTime":1659.119,"body":"the problem, and then use the other"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1659.119,"endTime":1662.16,"body":"tools that maybe people"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1659.119,"endTime":1662.16,"body":"view as a little bit more holistic"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1662.16,"endTime":1664.64,"body":"to maintain the plant"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":1662.16,"endTime":1664.64,"body":"community going forward."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1666.079,"endTime":1669.039,"body":"The other part of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1666.079,"endTime":1669.039,"body":"the time equation, you're talking"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1669.039,"endTime":1671.279,"body":"the amount of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1669.039,"endTime":1671.279,"body":"limitation on the amount of time for"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1671.279,"endTime":1673.279,"body":"which I agree with"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1671.279,"endTime":1673.279,"body":"you."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1673.279,"endTime":1676.079,"body":"That is that's a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1673.279,"endTime":1676.079,"body":"huge limitation for a lot of people."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1676.079,"endTime":1679.2,"body":"The other one is"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1676.079,"endTime":1679.2,"body":"that if it takes us 20 years to get"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1679.2,"endTime":1681.92,"body":"plant community"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1679.2,"endTime":1681.92,"body":"whipped into shape versus a year and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1681.92,"endTime":1685.039,"body":"half, just think how"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1681.92,"endTime":1685.039,"body":"much more quickly we get to start"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1685.039,"endTime":1687.839,"body":"realizing the full"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1685.039,"endTime":1687.839,"body":"benefit of the habitat that we're"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1687.839,"endTime":1691.039,"body":"for instead of, you"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1687.839,"endTime":1691.039,"body":"know, decades down the road."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1691.039,"endTime":1694.559,"body":"I mean, we all only"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1691.039,"endTime":1694.559,"body":"have so many years, so efficiency is"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1694.559,"endTime":1697.599,"body":"definitely something"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1694.559,"endTime":1697.599,"body":"that we're always trying to get so"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1697.599,"endTime":1699.68,"body":"that we can get get"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1697.599,"endTime":1699.68,"body":"where we're going as quick as"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1700.4,"endTime":1701.759,"body":"Exactly"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1700.4,"endTime":1701.759,"body":"where I went, Moriah."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1701.759,"endTime":1705.119,"body":"And you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1701.759,"endTime":1705.119,"body":"know, the perspective from an older"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1705.119,"endTime":1707.92,"body":"here"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1705.119,"endTime":1707.92,"body":"compared to y'all, how how many"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1707.92,"endTime":1708.4,"body":"you have?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1708.4,"endTime":1713.039,"body":"And uh"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1708.4,"endTime":1713.039,"body":"imagine the regret that you would"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1713.039,"endTime":1716.799,"body":"or I would"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1713.039,"endTime":1716.799,"body":"have is I'm not gonna apply the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1716.799,"endTime":1719.279,"body":"I'm gonna"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1716.799,"endTime":1719.279,"body":"try to use the these other"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1719.279,"endTime":1722.16,"body":"for example,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1719.279,"endTime":1722.16,"body":"like y'all were discussing, just"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1722.16,"endTime":1726.079,"body":"And I get"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1722.16,"endTime":1726.079,"body":"five years down the road, and that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1726.079,"endTime":1729.92,"body":"stand or"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1726.079,"endTime":1729.92,"body":"that area still is not producing"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1729.92,"endTime":1730.96,"body":"I want it to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1729.92,"endTime":1730.96,"body":"produce."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1730.96,"endTime":1735.599,"body":"So another"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1730.96,"endTime":1735.599,"body":"year, another five years went by."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1735.599,"endTime":1738.4,"body":"There is no"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1735.599,"endTime":1738.4,"body":"fawning cover, there is no deer"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1738.4,"endTime":1740.88,"body":"there is no"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1738.4,"endTime":1740.88,"body":"turkey nesting, there is no turkey"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1740.88,"endTime":1741.359,"body":"brooding,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1740.88,"endTime":1741.359,"body":"etc."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1741.359,"endTime":1741.92,"body":"etc."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1741.92,"endTime":1746.079,"body":"At some"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1741.92,"endTime":1746.079,"body":"point, I mean, I know you would just"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1746.079,"endTime":1749.519,"body":"would be"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1746.079,"endTime":1749.519,"body":"exasperated and kick myself and go,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1749.519,"endTime":1754.16,"body":"didn't I"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1749.519,"endTime":1754.16,"body":"just do it right the first time five"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1754.16,"endTime":1758.559,"body":"ago and be"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1754.16,"endTime":1758.559,"body":"reaping the success of that?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1758.559,"endTime":1761.44,"body":"Now I have"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1758.559,"endTime":1761.44,"body":"enjoyed more turkey seasons."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1761.44,"endTime":1764.72,"body":"Now my deer"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1761.44,"endTime":1764.72,"body":"condition has been better for a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1764.72,"endTime":1765.279,"body":"of years."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1765.279,"endTime":1768.88,"body":"And another"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1765.279,"endTime":1768.88,"body":"thing that that popped in my mind"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1768.88,"endTime":1774.4,"body":"we are not"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1768.88,"endTime":1774.4,"body":"saying that here is this recipe that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1774.4,"endTime":1775.599,"body":"you have to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1774.4,"endTime":1775.599,"body":"do it."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1775.599,"endTime":1777.279,"body":"You have to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1775.599,"endTime":1777.279,"body":"do it this way."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1777.279,"endTime":1781.599,"body":"It's always"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1777.279,"endTime":1781.599,"body":"a site assessment of does it need to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1781.599,"endTime":1781.839,"body":"happen?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1781.839,"endTime":1787.119,"body":"And I I"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1781.839,"endTime":1787.119,"body":"remember working with Andy Ezell"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1787.119,"endTime":1790.319,"body":"ago, and we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1787.119,"endTime":1790.319,"body":"were were on this project, and we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1790.319,"endTime":1792.799,"body":"you know,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1790.319,"endTime":1792.799,"body":"comparing where an Amazapir"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1792.799,"endTime":1796.24,"body":"was and a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1792.799,"endTime":1796.24,"body":"pine forest, and we got to this"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1796.24,"endTime":1800.559,"body":"stand, this"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1796.24,"endTime":1800.559,"body":"other compartment, and I was kind of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1800.559,"endTime":1800.72,"body":"shocked."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1800.72,"endTime":1803.68,"body":"I'm like,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1800.72,"endTime":1803.68,"body":"well, Andy, why are we not gonna do"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1803.68,"endTime":1807.119,"body":"exact same"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1803.68,"endTime":1807.119,"body":"treatment there and apply amazapir?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1807.119,"endTime":1809.92,"body":"And of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1807.119,"endTime":1809.92,"body":"course he looked at me because it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1809.92,"endTime":1811.519,"body":"hindsight,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1809.92,"endTime":1811.519,"body":"it was a silly question, it should"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1811.519,"endTime":1812.4,"body":"been obvious"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1811.519,"endTime":1812.4,"body":"to me."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1812.4,"endTime":1816.88,"body":"He goes,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1812.4,"endTime":1816.88,"body":"because there's not enough sweet gum"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1816.88,"endTime":1819.599,"body":"that stand"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1816.88,"endTime":1819.599,"body":"to justify the application."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1819.599,"endTime":1823.92,"body":"And so with"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1819.599,"endTime":1823.92,"body":"his experience and his wisdom, he"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1823.92,"endTime":1826.72,"body":"look at the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1823.92,"endTime":1826.72,"body":"amount of sweet gum composition"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1826.72,"endTime":1830.4,"body":"He knew what"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1826.72,"endTime":1830.4,"body":"the cost of the treatment was gonna"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1830.4,"endTime":1834.64,"body":"be, and it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1830.4,"endTime":1834.64,"body":"was not going to pay for itself with"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1834.64,"endTime":1836.4,"body":"accelerated"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1834.64,"endTime":1836.4,"body":"pine growth."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1836.4,"endTime":1841.039,"body":"Whereas in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1836.4,"endTime":1841.039,"body":"this other stand, the sweet gum was"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1841.039,"endTime":1842.72,"body":"competing"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1841.039,"endTime":1842.72,"body":"with the pine tree."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1842.72,"endTime":1845.839,"body":"So the rate"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1842.72,"endTime":1845.839,"body":"of growth was being diminished, and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1845.839,"endTime":1848.799,"body":"when you pay"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1845.839,"endTime":1848.799,"body":"to remove that sweet gum, you're"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1848.799,"endTime":1851.839,"body":"get that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1848.799,"endTime":1851.839,"body":"money back and more in your pine"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1851.839,"endTime":1852.799,"body":"in your"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1851.839,"endTime":1852.799,"body":"timber quality."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1852.799,"endTime":1854.48,"body":"Whereas in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1852.799,"endTime":1854.48,"body":"this stand it wasn't."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1854.48,"endTime":1856.16,"body":"So I'm just"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1854.48,"endTime":1856.16,"body":"it's it's the same thing."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1856.16,"endTime":1858.4,"body":"We're not"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1856.16,"endTime":1858.4,"body":"saying that it's just this carbon"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1858.4,"endTime":1860.559,"body":"treatment to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1858.4,"endTime":1860.559,"body":"always do it."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1860.559,"endTime":1864.88,"body":"It is an"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1860.559,"endTime":1864.88,"body":"expert looking and evaluating and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1864.88,"endTime":1869.359,"body":"there is too"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1864.88,"endTime":1869.359,"body":"much of species A, B, or C, and it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1869.359,"endTime":1872.079,"body":"is going to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1869.359,"endTime":1872.079,"body":"eliminate or diminish your results,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1872.079,"endTime":1874.64,"body":"and you're"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1872.079,"endTime":1874.64,"body":"gonna be set years behind."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1874.64,"endTime":1876.0,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1876.64,"endTime":1880.0,"body":"And I I think that's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1876.64,"endTime":1880.0,"body":"where we get a lot of pushback on"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1880.0,"endTime":1882.559,"body":"herbicides is people"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1880.0,"endTime":1882.559,"body":"looking at it from the opposite side"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1882.559,"endTime":1886.16,"body":"saying it's never"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1882.559,"endTime":1886.16,"body":"good, it's always a problem."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1886.16,"endTime":1888.24,"body":"And I'm glad you"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1886.16,"endTime":1888.24,"body":"pointed that out, Bronson."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1888.24,"endTime":1890.0,"body":"It isn't always the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1888.24,"endTime":1890.0,"body":"answer."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1890.0,"endTime":1894.319,"body":"It it it should be"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1890.0,"endTime":1894.319,"body":"weighed and it shouldn't just be"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1894.319,"endTime":1894.559,"body":"lightly."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1894.559,"endTime":1897.279,"body":"And I think I think,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1894.559,"endTime":1897.279,"body":"you know, at the beginning we all"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1897.279,"endTime":1899.119,"body":"kind of made that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1897.279,"endTime":1899.119,"body":"point that I don't I don't think any"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1899.119,"endTime":1902.4,"body":"of us take herbicide"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1899.119,"endTime":1902.4,"body":"use lightly and just use it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1902.4,"endTime":1904.88,"body":"Because there are"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1902.4,"endTime":1904.88,"body":"real effects."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1904.88,"endTime":1908.0,"body":"I mean, heck, even"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1904.88,"endTime":1908.0,"body":"you know, a masapyr and the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1908.0,"endTime":1911.519,"body":"of a pine stand,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1908.0,"endTime":1911.519,"body":"there's obviously the effect on the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1911.519,"endTime":1914.48,"body":"we're controlling,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1911.519,"endTime":1914.48,"body":"but there's also a huge effect on"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1914.48,"endTime":1915.92,"body":"composition of that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1914.48,"endTime":1915.92,"body":"understory."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1915.92,"endTime":1920.96,"body":"And I've seen it the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1915.92,"endTime":1920.96,"body":"year after look tremendous with and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1920.96,"endTime":1924.4,"body":"the forba flush of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1920.96,"endTime":1924.4,"body":"annual Forbes coming in and really"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1924.4,"endTime":1927.599,"body":"brooding cover and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1924.4,"endTime":1927.599,"body":"overall decent diversity, and by"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1927.599,"endTime":1928.799,"body":"two starting to come"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1927.599,"endTime":1928.799,"body":"in."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1928.799,"endTime":1932.96,"body":"I've also seen it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1928.799,"endTime":1932.96,"body":"where you get that initial flush in"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1932.96,"endTime":1936.079,"body":"two, it's more of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1932.96,"endTime":1936.079,"body":"the same thing, and you're not"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1936.079,"endTime":1939.2,"body":"any fuel to be able"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1936.079,"endTime":1939.2,"body":"to carry a fire, and it can take"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1939.2,"endTime":1940.24,"body":"time to work out of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1939.2,"endTime":1940.24,"body":"that."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1940.24,"endTime":1944.799,"body":"So it's I mean, even"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1940.24,"endTime":1944.799,"body":"the the herbicide button is is kind"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1944.799,"endTime":1945.92,"body":"of a question mark"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1944.799,"endTime":1945.92,"body":"too."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1945.92,"endTime":1948.799,"body":"Like you're not"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1945.92,"endTime":1948.799,"body":"always going to get the same result"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1948.799,"endTime":1950.0,"body":"you are shaking"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1948.799,"endTime":1950.0,"body":"things up."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1950.0,"endTime":1952.559,"body":"And I mean, like"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1950.0,"endTime":1952.559,"body":"that that's part of the cost for"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1952.559,"endTime":1953.68,"body":"of getting rid of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":1952.559,"endTime":1953.68,"body":"this sweet gum."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1957.2,"endTime":1959.839,"body":"said"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1957.2,"endTime":1959.839,"body":"earlier, some other cultural"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1959.839,"endTime":1964.88,"body":"If we and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1959.839,"endTime":1964.88,"body":"you know, this isn't us and we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1964.88,"endTime":1966.96,"body":"recommend"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1964.88,"endTime":1966.96,"body":"it, but let's just say that the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1966.96,"endTime":1970.96,"body":"here is you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1966.96,"endTime":1970.96,"body":"had to take herbicides out of the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1970.96,"endTime":1973.359,"body":"Okay, here's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1970.96,"endTime":1973.359,"body":"a scenario, Moriah."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1973.359,"endTime":1978.319,"body":"You were"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1973.359,"endTime":1978.319,"body":"hired to manage a park, you know,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1978.319,"endTime":1981.68,"body":"owned by an"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1978.319,"endTime":1981.68,"body":"entity or government or whatever,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1981.68,"endTime":1984.24,"body":"they go,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1981.68,"endTime":1984.24,"body":"absolutely no herbicide use."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1984.24,"endTime":1986.799,"body":"What's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1984.24,"endTime":1986.799,"body":"what's your toolbox now?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1986.799,"endTime":1987.759,"body":"And it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1986.799,"endTime":1987.759,"body":"depends."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1987.759,"endTime":1990.079,"body":"You know,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1987.759,"endTime":1990.079,"body":"the question back to me is probably"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1990.079,"endTime":1991.039,"body":"be Are we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1990.079,"endTime":1991.039,"body":"talking about a grass?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1991.039,"endTime":1992.799,"body":"We're"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1991.039,"endTime":1992.799,"body":"talking about a tree, are we talking"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1992.799,"endTime":1993.519,"body":"shrub,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1992.799,"endTime":1993.519,"body":"whatever?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1993.519,"endTime":1996.72,"body":"But I I"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1993.519,"endTime":1996.72,"body":"guess I'm just asking you to kind of"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1996.72,"endTime":1999.839,"body":"out loud"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1996.72,"endTime":1999.839,"body":"what are gonna be some alternatives"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":1999.839,"endTime":2000.16,"body":"you."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2000.96,"endTime":2000.96,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2000.96,"endTime":2004.64,"body":"Think so I I I'm"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2000.96,"endTime":2004.64,"body":"gonna kind of steer this toward"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2004.64,"endTime":2007.519,"body":"species because I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2004.64,"endTime":2007.519,"body":"want to talk about those some."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2007.519,"endTime":2011.759,"body":"We've already talked"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2007.519,"endTime":2011.759,"body":"about disking and burning and some"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2011.759,"endTime":2014.559,"body":"of those other"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2011.759,"endTime":2014.559,"body":"methods for just managing native"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2014.559,"endTime":2018.319,"body":"But yeah, if I'm in"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2014.559,"endTime":2018.319,"body":"that situation and I'm managing"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2018.319,"endTime":2021.68,"body":"specifically, I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2018.319,"endTime":2021.68,"body":"think first I'm gonna temper my"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2021.68,"endTime":2022.48,"body":"differently."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2022.48,"endTime":2027.279,"body":"With invasive"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2022.48,"endTime":2027.279,"body":"species management, your goal"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2027.279,"endTime":2030.559,"body":"never be complete"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2027.279,"endTime":2030.559,"body":"eradication simply because it's it's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2030.559,"endTime":2033.519,"body":"not realistic with"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2030.559,"endTime":2033.519,"body":"most things, unless you catch it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2033.519,"endTime":2034.0,"body":"really early."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2034.0,"endTime":2037.839,"body":"Some things like"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2034.0,"endTime":2037.839,"body":"larger species like Tree of Heaven"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2037.839,"endTime":2040.48,"body":"you know, tree"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2037.839,"endTime":2040.48,"body":"species, woody species, they're a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2040.48,"endTime":2042.88,"body":"bit easier to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2040.48,"endTime":2042.88,"body":"identify individuals and kill."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2042.88,"endTime":2044.799,"body":"You might be able to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2042.88,"endTime":2044.799,"body":"get closer to eradication."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2044.799,"endTime":2050.4,"body":"But you know, things"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2044.799,"endTime":2050.4,"body":"like Caricia or Japanese stilt"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2050.4,"endTime":2053.199,"body":"herbaceous things"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2050.4,"endTime":2053.199,"body":"that are lower growing, they're"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2053.199,"endTime":2056.639,"body":"always gonna be hard"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2053.199,"endTime":2056.639,"body":"to get all of them, even with"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2056.639,"endTime":2061.599,"body":"But if I'm stuck"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2056.639,"endTime":2061.599,"body":"using only cultural methods, it's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2061.599,"endTime":2066.48,"body":"be mowing, disking,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2061.599,"endTime":2066.48,"body":"burning, my expectation for the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2066.48,"endTime":2068.4,"body":"of control I'm gonna"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2066.48,"endTime":2068.4,"body":"get is going to be lower."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2068.4,"endTime":2073.519,"body":"And I guess for me,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2068.4,"endTime":2073.519,"body":"the way I'm gonna look at that is"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2073.519,"endTime":2076.719,"body":"number one reason"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2073.519,"endTime":2076.719,"body":"I'm upset about an invasive, let's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2076.719,"endTime":2080.159,"body":"Japanese stiltgrass,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2076.719,"endTime":2080.159,"body":"is if it's out competing and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2080.159,"endTime":2084.88,"body":"native vegetative"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2080.159,"endTime":2084.88,"body":"growth that I want to promote."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2084.88,"endTime":2088.88,"body":"And honestly, in the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2084.88,"endTime":2088.88,"body":"case of like Japanese stiltgrass,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2088.88,"endTime":2092.0,"body":"a lot of times it's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2088.88,"endTime":2092.0,"body":"growing in densely shaded"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2092.0,"endTime":2095.519,"body":"that aren't"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2092.0,"endTime":2095.519,"body":"producing much forage otherwise."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2095.519,"endTime":2099.599,"body":"And usually when I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2095.519,"endTime":2099.599,"body":"see it competing with things that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2099.599,"endTime":2101.119,"body":"trying to promote,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2099.599,"endTime":2101.119,"body":"it's when it's on the margins."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2101.119,"endTime":2104.88,"body":"It's kind of dappled"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2101.119,"endTime":2104.88,"body":"sunlight, partial shade, where I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2104.88,"endTime":2108.079,"body":"be able to get some"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2104.88,"endTime":2108.079,"body":"some forb growth in there, but then"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2108.079,"endTime":2110.4,"body":"the Japanese"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2108.079,"endTime":2110.4,"body":"stiltgrass is really taking off and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2110.4,"endTime":2111.039,"body":"it."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2111.039,"endTime":2114.96,"body":"And so in that case,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2111.039,"endTime":2114.96,"body":"if I'm not using herbicides, one of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2114.96,"endTime":2118.719,"body":"the ways I I've seen"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2114.96,"endTime":2118.719,"body":"to manage Japanese stiltgrass and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2118.719,"endTime":2121.44,"body":"by no means controls"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2118.719,"endTime":2121.44,"body":"it, but it helps suppress it, is"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2121.44,"endTime":2124.48,"body":"getting more"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2121.44,"endTime":2124.48,"body":"sunlight in there so that other"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2124.48,"endTime":2126.719,"body":"can grow and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2124.48,"endTime":2126.719,"body":"outcompete it."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2126.719,"endTime":2129.76,"body":"Japanese stiltgrass"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2126.719,"endTime":2129.76,"body":"is a pretty weak plant because it's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2129.76,"endTime":2132.239,"body":"an annual and it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2129.76,"endTime":2132.239,"body":"grows from seed every year, which"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2132.239,"endTime":2136.079,"body":"it really, really"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2132.239,"endTime":2136.079,"body":"difficult to get rid of, nearly"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2136.079,"endTime":2139.519,"body":"even with herbicide"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2136.079,"endTime":2139.519,"body":"because there's just so much seed"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2139.519,"endTime":2142.8,"body":"But because it's an"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2139.519,"endTime":2142.8,"body":"annual and grows from seed every"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2142.8,"endTime":2146.239,"body":"it has to establish"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2142.8,"endTime":2146.239,"body":"that root system every spring."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2146.239,"endTime":2149.36,"body":"And if you have"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2146.239,"endTime":2149.36,"body":"perennials established like"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2149.36,"endTime":2151.76,"body":"any of the other"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2149.36,"endTime":2151.76,"body":"taller perennials, it will help"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2151.76,"endTime":2152.88,"body":"that that Japanese"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2151.76,"endTime":2152.88,"body":"stiltgrass."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2152.88,"endTime":2157.28,"body":"So in that case, if"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2152.88,"endTime":2157.28,"body":"I can't manage with with if I can't"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2157.28,"endTime":2161.119,"body":"use chemical to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2157.28,"endTime":2161.119,"body":"control Japanese stiltgrass, I'm"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2161.119,"endTime":2163.679,"body":"to shy away from,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2161.119,"endTime":2163.679,"body":"let's say, managing bottom line"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2163.679,"endTime":2167.76,"body":"with single tree"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2163.679,"endTime":2167.76,"body":"selection or a crop tree release"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2167.76,"endTime":2170.48,"body":"I'm going to create"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2167.76,"endTime":2170.48,"body":"an understory and amount of sunlight"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2170.48,"endTime":2174.079,"body":"that is perfect for"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2170.48,"endTime":2174.079,"body":"Japanese stiltgrass to outcompete"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2174.079,"endTime":2176.159,"body":"fours because it's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2174.079,"endTime":2176.159,"body":"going to be still pretty"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2176.159,"endTime":2179.519,"body":"Japanese stillgrass"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2176.159,"endTime":2179.519,"body":"can do really well in that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2179.519,"endTime":2181.76,"body":"and other things"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2179.519,"endTime":2181.76,"body":"can't compete near as well."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2181.76,"endTime":2184.88,"body":"So in that case, I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2181.76,"endTime":2184.88,"body":"probably will just keep some areas"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2184.88,"endTime":2185.28,"body":"canopy."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2185.28,"endTime":2188.48,"body":"And then the areas"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2185.28,"endTime":2188.48,"body":"that I do want to manage, I'm going"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2188.48,"endTime":2191.119,"body":"to manage those"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2188.48,"endTime":2191.119,"body":"areas more intensively to try to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2191.119,"endTime":2192.559,"body":"competition with"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2191.119,"endTime":2192.559,"body":"that invasive."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2192.559,"endTime":2199.36,"body":"And so I guess to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2192.559,"endTime":2199.36,"body":"boil down my answer, to address"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2199.36,"endTime":2204.559,"body":"without chemicals"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2199.36,"endTime":2204.559,"body":"requires creating competition for"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2204.559,"endTime":2208.88,"body":"And then in some"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2204.559,"endTime":2208.88,"body":"cases, like in with annuals,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2208.88,"endTime":2213.36,"body":"stiltgrass being"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2208.88,"endTime":2213.36,"body":"one, you can use mowing if it's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2213.36,"endTime":2216.159,"body":"very well, right"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2213.36,"endTime":2216.159,"body":"when that that plant is flowering"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2216.159,"endTime":2216.639,"body":"about to set seed."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2216.639,"endTime":2219.679,"body":"You can mow to set"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2216.639,"endTime":2219.679,"body":"it back and in some cases kill that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2219.679,"endTime":2222.159,"body":"plant because all of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2219.679,"endTime":2222.159,"body":"its energy's been spent putting up"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2222.159,"endTime":2222.4,"body":"seed."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2222.4,"endTime":2226.4,"body":"But that takes"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2222.4,"endTime":2226.4,"body":"extremely careful timing, and you're"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2226.4,"endTime":2227.119,"body":"going to get all of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2226.4,"endTime":2227.119,"body":"it."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2227.119,"endTime":2230.4,"body":"So again, kind of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2227.119,"endTime":2230.4,"body":"going back to tempering my"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2232.159,"endTime":2234.559,"body":"That's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2232.159,"endTime":2234.559,"body":"precisely what what I was going to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2234.559,"endTime":2237.92,"body":"You set me"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2234.559,"endTime":2237.92,"body":"up there regarding expectations, is"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2237.92,"endTime":2242.239,"body":"it's just"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2237.92,"endTime":2242.239,"body":"being honest and giving the the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2242.239,"endTime":2247.119,"body":"the heads up"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2242.239,"endTime":2247.119,"body":"that this species is here and it is"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2247.119,"endTime":2248.079,"body":"going to be"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2247.119,"endTime":2248.079,"body":"problematic."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2248.079,"endTime":2252.719,"body":"No judgment"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2248.079,"endTime":2252.719,"body":"from us if if they are willing to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2252.719,"endTime":2255.76,"body":"the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2252.719,"endTime":2255.76,"body":"trade-off that they're not going to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2255.76,"endTime":2259.199,"body":"the most out"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2255.76,"endTime":2259.199,"body":"of that that area or that stand with"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2259.199,"endTime":2262.4,"body":"the plants"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2259.199,"endTime":2262.4,"body":"that we are hoping to cultivate,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2262.4,"endTime":2263.76,"body":"that's okay."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2263.76,"endTime":2266.48,"body":"If they were"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2263.76,"endTime":2266.48,"body":"to say, hey, I'm willing to accept"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2266.48,"endTime":2270.239,"body":"ten to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2266.48,"endTime":2270.239,"body":"twenty percent of that invasive"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2270.239,"endTime":2273.679,"body":"not to apply"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2270.239,"endTime":2273.679,"body":"a herbicide, that's okay."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2273.679,"endTime":2276.4,"body":"I just think"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2273.679,"endTime":2276.4,"body":"it's gonna be our role to say it's"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2276.4,"endTime":2278.719,"body":"going to be"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2276.4,"endTime":2278.719,"body":"a problem to this extent."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2278.719,"endTime":2282.0,"body":"Here's what"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2278.719,"endTime":2282.0,"body":"we would recommend to to c take care"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2282.0,"endTime":2284.8,"body":"of it, but"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2282.0,"endTime":2284.8,"body":"they can make a decision on how they"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2284.8,"endTime":2285.92,"body":"want to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2284.8,"endTime":2285.92,"body":"manage that situation."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2285.92,"endTime":2287.36,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2288.48,"endTime":2291.679,"body":"Yeah, I think the most"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2288.48,"endTime":2291.679,"body":"common fallacy that I see with you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2291.679,"endTime":2296.8,"body":"some of the remarks that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2291.679,"endTime":2296.8,"body":"we see pretty commonly on posts that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2296.8,"endTime":2300.0,"body":"are, you know, talking"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2296.8,"endTime":2300.0,"body":"about using herbicides or disking"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2300.0,"endTime":2304.079,"body":"that matter, or"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2300.0,"endTime":2304.079,"body":"whatever, when people are placed"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2304.079,"endTime":2309.119,"body":"in the anti-whatever"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2304.079,"endTime":2309.119,"body":"herbicide camp, is that expectations"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2309.119,"endTime":2309.76,"body":"not been tempered."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2309.76,"endTime":2314.8,"body":"There is this prevailing"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2309.76,"endTime":2314.8,"body":"idea for whatever reason, maybe it's"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2314.8,"endTime":2319.36,"body":"a lack of experience,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2314.8,"endTime":2319.36,"body":"it's a lack of whatever, that if I"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2319.36,"endTime":2324.0,"body":"I can just remove a tool"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2319.36,"endTime":2324.0,"body":"from the toolbox and achieve the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2324.0,"endTime":2328.239,"body":"exact results in the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2324.0,"endTime":2328.239,"body":"same amount of time that I would"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2328.239,"endTime":2329.519,"body":"had had I used that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2328.239,"endTime":2329.519,"body":"tool."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2329.519,"endTime":2333.44,"body":"So the Japanese"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2329.519,"endTime":2333.44,"body":"stiltgrass, or maybe like if you're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2333.44,"endTime":2336.159,"body":"a park and you've got"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2333.44,"endTime":2336.159,"body":"kudzu, right?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2336.159,"endTime":2340.32,"body":"Like could you go out"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2336.159,"endTime":2340.32,"body":"there and hand pool all the kudzu"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2340.32,"endTime":2342.8,"body":"a tractor and a chain"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2340.32,"endTime":2342.8,"body":"and get the same results?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2342.8,"endTime":2348.239,"body":"Maybe, but how long is"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2342.8,"endTime":2348.239,"body":"that going to take you and how many"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2348.239,"endTime":2351.76,"body":"hours of park staff"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2348.239,"endTime":2351.76,"body":"effort is it going to take you to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2351.76,"endTime":2352.32,"body":"those results?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2352.32,"endTime":2355.199,"body":"And are you ever going"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2352.32,"endTime":2355.199,"body":"to get as good a control because all"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2355.199,"endTime":2357.36,"body":"that kudzu is going to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2355.199,"endTime":2357.36,"body":"be re-sprouting from the root system"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2357.36,"endTime":2357.599,"body":"too?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2357.599,"endTime":2361.519,"body":"Are you ever going to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2357.599,"endTime":2361.519,"body":"get the same level of control and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2361.519,"endTime":2365.599,"body":"the same amount of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2361.519,"endTime":2365.599,"body":"reallocated sunlight to the native"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2365.599,"endTime":2368.96,"body":"you want to be"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2365.599,"endTime":2368.96,"body":"establishing relative to if you had"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2368.96,"endTime":2369.28,"body":"herbicide?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2369.28,"endTime":2370.159,"body":"Right?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2370.159,"endTime":2374.96,"body":"So I think the whole"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2370.159,"endTime":2374.96,"body":"temper your expectations point is an"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2374.96,"endTime":2379.28,"body":"point to reinforce"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2374.96,"endTime":2379.28,"body":"because you can absolutely take"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2379.28,"endTime":2382.48,"body":"off the table and you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2379.28,"endTime":2382.48,"body":"know, landowner prerogative, that's"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2382.48,"endTime":2384.4,"body":"up to the landowner to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2382.48,"endTime":2384.4,"body":"do."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2384.4,"endTime":2388.639,"body":"However, when you do"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2384.4,"endTime":2388.639,"body":"take herbicides or any other tool"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2388.639,"endTime":2392.239,"body":"that matter, food plots,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2388.639,"endTime":2392.239,"body":"prescribed fire, disking, forced"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2392.239,"endTime":2397.199,"body":"it is, you will be"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2392.239,"endTime":2397.199,"body":"changing the game to some extent,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2397.199,"endTime":2400.4,"body":"will not very likely,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2397.199,"endTime":2400.4,"body":"depending on the situation, be able"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2400.4,"endTime":2404.719,"body":"achieve the same"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2400.4,"endTime":2404.719,"body":"objectives at the same rate had you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2404.719,"endTime":2405.44,"body":"the tools in the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2404.719,"endTime":2405.44,"body":"toolbox."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2405.44,"endTime":2409.039,"body":"So that's all that's"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2405.44,"endTime":2409.039,"body":"that's what we all do for a living."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2409.039,"endTime":2410.4,"body":"That's what we like to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2409.039,"endTime":2410.4,"body":"think about."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2410.4,"endTime":2413.84,"body":"It's how to take and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2410.4,"endTime":2413.84,"body":"synthesize and integrate all of the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2413.84,"endTime":2418.88,"body":"in the toolbox and apply"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2413.84,"endTime":2418.88,"body":"them to specific situations to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2418.88,"endTime":2422.88,"body":"the desired results in"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2418.88,"endTime":2422.88,"body":"the most efficient way possible in"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2422.88,"endTime":2424.159,"body":"least amount of time,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2422.88,"endTime":2424.159,"body":"right?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2424.159,"endTime":2429.119,"body":"And by removing a tool"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2424.159,"endTime":2429.119,"body":"from the toolbox, it just lessens"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2429.119,"endTime":2430.0,"body":"ability to do that."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2430.0,"endTime":2433.599,"body":"It's not that we can't"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2430.0,"endTime":2433.599,"body":"still achieve good results or that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2433.599,"endTime":2435.119,"body":"still can't get to the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2433.599,"endTime":2435.119,"body":"same endpoint."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2435.119,"endTime":2439.519,"body":"In some cases, it's just"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2435.119,"endTime":2439.519,"body":"the landowner has to realize, or the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2439.519,"endTime":2443.039,"body":"park manager, or"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2439.519,"endTime":2443.039,"body":"whatever situation we're talking"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2443.039,"endTime":2446.8,"body":"the way that we get"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2443.039,"endTime":2446.8,"body":"there is going to be very different,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2446.8,"endTime":2449.44,"body":"the end product is"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2446.8,"endTime":2449.44,"body":"likely going to be very different."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2450.719,"endTime":2455.199,"body":"I've I've also"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2450.719,"endTime":2455.199,"body":"noticed a lot of overlap between"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2455.199,"endTime":2460.48,"body":"who are"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2455.199,"endTime":2460.48,"body":"anti-herbicide and very dead set in,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2460.48,"endTime":2462.88,"body":"just accomplish it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2460.48,"endTime":2462.88,"body":"this way, people who aren't very"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2462.88,"endTime":2465.599,"body":"to the context of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2462.88,"endTime":2465.599,"body":"all the different options and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2465.599,"endTime":2467.36,"body":"an option to a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2465.599,"endTime":2467.36,"body":"certain situation."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2467.36,"endTime":2470.8,"body":"There's a lot of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2467.36,"endTime":2470.8,"body":"overlap between those people and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2470.8,"endTime":2475.519,"body":"who don't pay"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2470.8,"endTime":2475.519,"body":"attention to plant community"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2475.519,"endTime":2480.4,"body":"And when when I am"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2475.519,"endTime":2480.4,"body":"evaluating, and I'm I'm sure it's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2480.4,"endTime":2482.4,"body":"same with both of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2480.4,"endTime":2482.4,"body":"you, when I'm evaluating the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2482.4,"endTime":2487.039,"body":"of a thin hardwood"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2482.4,"endTime":2487.039,"body":"stand, for instance, I am not"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2487.039,"endTime":2491.119,"body":"if all it is is hay"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2487.039,"endTime":2491.119,"body":"scented fern and Japanese"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2491.119,"endTime":2495.36,"body":"Now, it might be"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2491.119,"endTime":2495.36,"body":"close to waist high, dense green"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2495.36,"endTime":2497.28,"body":"but to me that was a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2495.36,"endTime":2497.28,"body":"failure."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2497.28,"endTime":2499.84,"body":"I don't have"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2497.28,"endTime":2499.84,"body":"anything against hayscented fern,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2499.84,"endTime":2500.96,"body":"an understory fern."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2500.96,"endTime":2502.88,"body":"But I don't want the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2500.96,"endTime":2502.88,"body":"whole understory to be that."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2502.88,"endTime":2505.199,"body":"And I definitely"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2502.88,"endTime":2505.199,"body":"don't want the bulk of the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2505.199,"endTime":2506.719,"body":"to be, you know,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2505.199,"endTime":2506.719,"body":"Japanese stiltgrass."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2506.719,"endTime":2510.88,"body":"But again, like I"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2506.719,"endTime":2510.88,"body":"see a lot of overlap between these"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2510.88,"endTime":2514.079,"body":"who say that, oh,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2510.88,"endTime":2514.079,"body":"you should never use the herbicide,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2514.079,"endTime":2517.44,"body":"the same people who"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2514.079,"endTime":2517.44,"body":"don't recognize the complexity of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2517.44,"endTime":2520.719,"body":"community dynamics,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2517.44,"endTime":2520.719,"body":"don't recognize the difference"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2520.719,"endTime":2523.44,"body":"the values of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2520.719,"endTime":2523.44,"body":"various Forbes or various grasses."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2523.44,"endTime":2528.559,"body":"Because for us, just"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2523.44,"endTime":2528.559,"body":"having green on the ground is not"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2528.559,"endTime":2529.119,"body":"enough."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2529.119,"endTime":2532.559,"body":"We're trying to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2529.119,"endTime":2532.559,"body":"shape a plant community, whether"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2532.559,"endTime":2535.599,"body":"an old field,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2532.559,"endTime":2535.599,"body":"whether it's a pine forest,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2535.599,"endTime":2538.0,"body":"to be a certain way."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2538.0,"endTime":2541.039,"body":"We want it to have"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2538.0,"endTime":2541.039,"body":"at least most of the time 60 plus"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2541.039,"endTime":2542.159,"body":"coverage of Forbes."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2542.159,"endTime":2545.039,"body":"You know, we we have"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2542.159,"endTime":2545.039,"body":"goals like that in mind."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2545.039,"endTime":2547.84,"body":"We want there to be"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2545.039,"endTime":2547.84,"body":"some annual Forbes in there,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2547.84,"endTime":2548.48,"body":"after disturbance."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2548.48,"endTime":2551.28,"body":"We don't want it to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2548.48,"endTime":2551.28,"body":"all be just Canada Goldenrod."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2551.28,"endTime":2554.88,"body":"And so, I don't"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2551.28,"endTime":2554.88,"body":"know, I'm on my soapbox a little bit"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2554.88,"endTime":2556.8,"body":"that's one of the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2554.88,"endTime":2556.8,"body":"things that sometimes kind of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2556.8,"endTime":2560.88,"body":"me with people who"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2556.8,"endTime":2560.88,"body":"constantly want to shut down the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2560.88,"endTime":2565.28,"body":"or recommendations"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2560.88,"endTime":2565.28,"body":"that we're given with those goals in"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2565.28,"endTime":2568.32,"body":"mind, because we're"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2565.28,"endTime":2568.32,"body":"being very specific to try to get to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2568.32,"endTime":2568.559,"body":"something."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2568.559,"endTime":2571.039,"body":"We're not just"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2568.559,"endTime":2571.039,"body":"looking at it and be like, oh, we"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2571.039,"endTime":2572.639,"body":"to kill it all and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2571.039,"endTime":2572.639,"body":"spray herbicide on it."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2572.639,"endTime":2575.36,"body":"No, when there when"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2572.639,"endTime":2575.36,"body":"there's the application of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2575.36,"endTime":2578.559,"body":"there's generally a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2575.36,"endTime":2578.559,"body":"problem or something that we are"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2578.559,"endTime":2582.079,"body":"to address, and it's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2578.559,"endTime":2582.079,"body":"very context-dependent."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2582.079,"endTime":2585.36,"body":"It's not just a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2582.079,"endTime":2585.36,"body":"button that we hit every time we"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2585.36,"endTime":2587.36,"body":"a thin pine stand,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2585.36,"endTime":2587.36,"body":"for instance."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2588.0,"endTime":2590.559,"body":"You know, I"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2588.0,"endTime":2590.559,"body":"I think of it this way too, is that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2590.559,"endTime":2595.76,"body":"it wouldn't"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2590.559,"endTime":2595.76,"body":"be anything we would recommend"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2595.76,"endTime":2599.519,"body":"without"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2595.76,"endTime":2599.519,"body":"there being strong support for it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2599.519,"endTime":2600.0,"body":"necessary."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2600.0,"endTime":2602.96,"body":"I mean,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2600.0,"endTime":2602.96,"body":"we're always trying to, when we're"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2602.96,"endTime":2605.119,"body":"with people,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2602.96,"endTime":2605.119,"body":"to also save them money."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2605.119,"endTime":2607.92,"body":"And so we're"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2605.119,"endTime":2607.92,"body":"not going to recommend, you know,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2607.92,"endTime":2610.48,"body":"the the cost"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2607.92,"endTime":2610.48,"body":"of the chemical, the time for the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2610.48,"endTime":2612.32,"body":"application,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2610.48,"endTime":2612.32,"body":"maybe having to pay for an"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2612.32,"endTime":2616.719,"body":"If if it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2612.32,"endTime":2616.719,"body":"wasn't, you know, critical, we would"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2616.719,"endTime":2619.599,"body":"it as as"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2616.719,"endTime":2619.599,"body":"being critically, you know,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2619.599,"endTime":2622.159,"body":"to help the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2619.599,"endTime":2622.159,"body":"the landowner reach their goals."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2622.159,"endTime":2624.559,"body":"So all this"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2622.159,"endTime":2624.559,"body":"stuff comes into play."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2624.559,"endTime":2626.48,"body":"We don't we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2624.559,"endTime":2626.48,"body":"don't take this lightly."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2626.48,"endTime":2630.8,"body":"Just because"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2626.48,"endTime":2630.8,"body":"we recommend herbicide use does not"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2630.8,"endTime":2634.239,"body":"mean we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2630.8,"endTime":2634.239,"body":"always recommend herbicide use."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2634.239,"endTime":2638.559,"body":"It's always"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2634.239,"endTime":2638.559,"body":"necessary and the judicious"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2638.559,"endTime":2639.599,"body":"of it, you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2638.559,"endTime":2639.599,"body":"know."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2639.599,"endTime":2643.28,"body":"Only when"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2639.599,"endTime":2643.28,"body":"necessary, only the amount needed to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2643.28,"endTime":2644.4,"body":"solve the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":2643.28,"endTime":2644.4,"body":"problem."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2645.119,"endTime":2649.599,"body":"Yeah, I think a I think"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2645.119,"endTime":2649.599,"body":"a very good example of b what both"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2649.599,"endTime":2653.76,"body":"of y'all just said can"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2649.599,"endTime":2653.76,"body":"we can find in the sweet gum"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2653.76,"endTime":2657.599,"body":"into the pine stand"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2653.76,"endTime":2657.599,"body":"situation that we were talking about"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2657.599,"endTime":2663.36,"body":"So if there is a, let's"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2657.599,"endTime":2663.36,"body":"say, 70 square foot per acre pine"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2663.36,"endTime":2667.039,"body":"and you've got an"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2663.36,"endTime":2667.039,"body":"established mid-story sweet gum"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2667.039,"endTime":2673.44,"body":"and most of the trees"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2667.039,"endTime":2673.44,"body":"are four plus inches DBH, I think"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2673.44,"endTime":2678.079,"body":"most efficient way to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2673.44,"endTime":2678.079,"body":"address that problem is going to be"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2678.079,"endTime":2679.039,"body":"an herbicide"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2678.079,"endTime":2679.039,"body":"application."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2679.039,"endTime":2684.0,"body":"However, to get in that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2679.039,"endTime":2684.0,"body":"scenario in the first place where"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2684.0,"endTime":2688.079,"body":"got a dense sweet gum"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2684.0,"endTime":2688.079,"body":"mid-story of four to six inch trees,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2688.079,"endTime":2689.679,"body":"what does that very"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2688.079,"endTime":2689.679,"body":"likely mean to happen?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2689.679,"endTime":2694.719,"body":"It means that from the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2689.679,"endTime":2694.719,"body":"time that stand was thinned or"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2694.719,"endTime":2699.44,"body":"fire was probably"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2694.719,"endTime":2699.44,"body":"suppressed or not applied at the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2699.44,"endTime":2700.0,"body":"and frequency."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2700.0,"endTime":2705.36,"body":"So I think the flip side"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2700.0,"endTime":2705.36,"body":"of that is if you have a 70 square"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2705.36,"endTime":2709.36,"body":"foot per acre pine stand"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2705.36,"endTime":2709.36,"body":"that has just been thinned, and you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2709.36,"endTime":2713.119,"body":"very well might have"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2709.36,"endTime":2713.119,"body":"sweet gum popping up in the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2713.119,"endTime":2718.159,"body":"approaching the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2713.119,"endTime":2718.159,"body":"mid-story, but if you use fire very"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2718.159,"endTime":2723.119,"body":"from the get-go, you're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2718.159,"endTime":2723.119,"body":"never going to end up at the place"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2723.119,"endTime":2725.199,"body":"where you need an"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2723.119,"endTime":2725.199,"body":"herbicide application, right?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2725.199,"endTime":2727.84,"body":"We might we might look"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2725.199,"endTime":2727.84,"body":"at that stand and be like, hey,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2727.84,"endTime":2730.4,"body":"about to have a sweet"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2727.84,"endTime":2730.4,"body":"gum problem where if you give it"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2730.4,"endTime":2733.039,"body":"three years, you're"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2730.4,"endTime":2733.039,"body":"gonna need to get a skitter in here"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2733.039,"endTime":2736.32,"body":"spray, you know, 24"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2733.039,"endTime":2736.32,"body":"ounces per acre of amazopier, and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2736.32,"endTime":2737.84,"body":"gonna cost you 100 bucks"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2736.32,"endTime":2737.84,"body":"per acre to do."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2737.84,"endTime":2741.84,"body":"Or you can deal with the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2737.84,"endTime":2741.84,"body":"problem now and use a strategically"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2741.84,"endTime":2746.719,"body":"timed fire in June,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2741.84,"endTime":2746.719,"body":"July, August, whatever, knock that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2746.719,"endTime":2750.32,"body":"gum back and reallocate"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2746.719,"endTime":2750.32,"body":"resources to the better plants."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2750.32,"endTime":2753.36,"body":"Because those plants are"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2750.32,"endTime":2753.36,"body":"still there in the understory with"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2753.36,"endTime":2754.0,"body":"the sweet gum."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2754.0,"endTime":2755.679,"body":"There's more direct"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2754.0,"endTime":2755.679,"body":"competition."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2755.679,"endTime":2760.48,"body":"We just need to find a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2755.679,"endTime":2760.48,"body":"way to reallocate the resources and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2760.48,"endTime":2764.079,"body":"confer an advantage to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2760.48,"endTime":2764.079,"body":"the species that we want more of and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2764.079,"endTime":2767.199,"body":"less of an advantage to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2764.079,"endTime":2767.199,"body":"the species that we want less of,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2767.199,"endTime":2768.0,"body":"sweet gum."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2768.0,"endTime":2771.28,"body":"So I think that's a good"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2768.0,"endTime":2771.28,"body":"example of like, hey, we could have"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2771.28,"endTime":2775.679,"body":"essentially the same"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2771.28,"endTime":2775.679,"body":"overstory composition, and if you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2775.679,"endTime":2778.8,"body":"both situations"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2775.679,"endTime":2778.8,"body":"unchecked, we would end up with the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2778.8,"endTime":2781.599,"body":"But just by tweaking our"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2778.8,"endTime":2781.599,"body":"approach at the beginning of the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2781.599,"endTime":2783.92,"body":"we never end up with the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2781.599,"endTime":2783.92,"body":"problem in the first place."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2783.92,"endTime":2787.76,"body":"So I'd approach"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2783.92,"endTime":2787.76,"body":"situation A very differently than"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2787.76,"endTime":2788.719,"body":"situation B."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2788.719,"endTime":2792.0,"body":"And I've I've seen this"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2788.719,"endTime":2792.0,"body":"literally exactly I've got a case"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2792.0,"endTime":2795.44,"body":"in my mind of where this"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2792.0,"endTime":2795.44,"body":"has happened, and it's on one side"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2795.44,"endTime":2797.679,"body":"of the road versus the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2795.44,"endTime":2797.679,"body":"other side of the road."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2797.679,"endTime":2801.44,"body":"And the both sides of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2797.679,"endTime":2801.44,"body":"the road were managed the exact same"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2801.44,"endTime":2804.719,"body":"way up until about 10"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2801.44,"endTime":2804.719,"body":"years ago, when on one side of the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2804.719,"endTime":2807.599,"body":"fire was suppressed, and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2804.719,"endTime":2807.599,"body":"on the other side of the road, we"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2807.599,"endTime":2811.519,"body":"kept burning routinely"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2807.599,"endTime":2811.519,"body":"on a two to three year fire return"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2811.519,"endTime":2815.039,"body":"mixing up dormant and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2811.519,"endTime":2815.039,"body":"growing season fire based on the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2815.039,"endTime":2816.88,"body":"of the plant community"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2815.039,"endTime":2816.88,"body":"at the time."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2816.88,"endTime":2820.32,"body":"And on the one, we still"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2816.88,"endTime":2820.32,"body":"have excellent composition of forage"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2820.32,"endTime":2823.679,"body":"and cover in the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2820.32,"endTime":2823.679,"body":"understory and very minimal sweet"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2823.679,"endTime":2826.239,"body":"On the other side, we've"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2823.679,"endTime":2826.239,"body":"got a bad sweet gum problem."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2829.199,"endTime":2834.48,"body":"Yeah, you know,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2829.199,"endTime":2834.48,"body":"another way that we can reduce the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2834.48,"endTime":2838.079,"body":"of herbicide that we"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2834.48,"endTime":2838.079,"body":"need to use is in our food plots by"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2838.079,"endTime":2842.96,"body":"deer management and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2838.079,"endTime":2842.96,"body":"also just getting out in front of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2842.96,"endTime":2843.36,"body":"problems."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2843.36,"endTime":2850.079,"body":"But the best way to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2843.36,"endTime":2850.079,"body":"create big time cool season weed"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2850.079,"endTime":2853.199,"body":"is by having too"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2850.079,"endTime":2853.199,"body":"many deer on a food plot or not"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2853.199,"endTime":2855.199,"body":"acreage for the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2853.199,"endTime":2855.199,"body":"amount of deer you have."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2855.199,"endTime":2860.0,"body":"Because what that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2855.199,"endTime":2860.0,"body":"does is, you know, essentially let's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2860.0,"endTime":2862.639,"body":"say you have crimson"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2860.0,"endTime":2862.639,"body":"clover and and buttercup in a food"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2862.639,"endTime":2865.28,"body":"plot, and you have"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2862.639,"endTime":2865.28,"body":"too many deer grazing that food"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2865.28,"endTime":2868.48,"body":"they're going to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2865.28,"endTime":2868.48,"body":"preferentially eat the crimson"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2868.48,"endTime":2869.84,"body":"and they're not"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2868.48,"endTime":2869.84,"body":"going to eat the buttercup."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2869.84,"endTime":2872.88,"body":"And so it's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2869.84,"endTime":2872.88,"body":"essentially like your little"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2872.88,"endTime":2875.36,"body":"there weeding out"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2872.88,"endTime":2875.36,"body":"your crimson clover just so you have"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2875.36,"endTime":2878.559,"body":"this tremendous crop"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2875.36,"endTime":2878.559,"body":"of of buttercup."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2878.559,"endTime":2881.44,"body":"And then if you"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2878.559,"endTime":2881.44,"body":"don't control that buttercup, that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2881.44,"endTime":2882.719,"body":"gets worse and worse"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2881.44,"endTime":2882.719,"body":"and worse."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2882.719,"endTime":2886.639,"body":"And I would say that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2882.719,"endTime":2886.639,"body":"is the status of 80% or more of food"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2886.639,"endTime":2889.92,"body":"plots in the South"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2886.639,"endTime":2889.92,"body":"is that maybe they do some cool"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2889.92,"endTime":2891.44,"body":"weed control, maybe"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2889.92,"endTime":2891.44,"body":"they don't."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2891.44,"endTime":2893.84,"body":"Those weeds kind of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2891.44,"endTime":2893.84,"body":"accumulate more and more every year,"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2893.84,"endTime":2897.679,"body":"and it's a catch-22"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2893.84,"endTime":2897.679,"body":"because the the more those weeds"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2897.679,"endTime":2900.719,"body":"and set seed, the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2897.679,"endTime":2900.719,"body":"more weed pressure there is in the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2900.719,"endTime":2903.679,"body":"the more stunted"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2900.719,"endTime":2903.679,"body":"their crop is, the more pressure"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2903.679,"endTime":2906.4,"body":"crop gets from the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2903.679,"endTime":2906.4,"body":"deer, and it gets worse and worse"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2906.4,"endTime":2906.719,"body":"worse."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2906.719,"endTime":2911.28,"body":"And so it might"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2906.719,"endTime":2911.28,"body":"require some herbicide work if"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2911.28,"endTime":2913.119,"body":"got a lot of weed"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2911.28,"endTime":2913.119,"body":"seed in there, whether that's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2913.119,"endTime":2916.639,"body":"or or again"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2913.119,"endTime":2916.639,"body":"buttercup, you might need to do an"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2916.639,"endTime":2919.76,"body":"one or two years to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2916.639,"endTime":2919.76,"body":"get in front of it and get it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2919.76,"endTime":2923.119,"body":"and then do some"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2919.76,"endTime":2923.119,"body":"population management at the same"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2923.119,"endTime":2926.32,"body":"get your deer herd"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2923.119,"endTime":2926.32,"body":"in check or add some acreage so that"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2926.32,"endTime":2930.159,"body":"your established"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2926.32,"endTime":2930.159,"body":"crop can close canopy and suppress"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2930.159,"endTime":2931.92,"body":"that are going to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2930.159,"endTime":2931.92,"body":"germinate underneath it."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2931.92,"endTime":2934.719,"body":"And I mean, that's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2931.92,"endTime":2934.719,"body":"the best way to suppress future weed"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2934.719,"endTime":2935.119,"body":"problems."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2935.119,"endTime":2937.92,"body":"And then once you"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2935.119,"endTime":2937.92,"body":"get everything tuned in, you"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2937.92,"endTime":2939.76,"body":"have to do cool"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2937.92,"endTime":2939.76,"body":"season weed control."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2939.76,"endTime":2942.559,"body":"And if you do, it"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2939.76,"endTime":2942.559,"body":"should be just spot applications"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2942.559,"endTime":2945.199,"body":"you might have a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2942.559,"endTime":2945.199,"body":"little wet spot or something and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2945.199,"endTime":2947.84,"body":"crop dies out and"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2945.199,"endTime":2947.84,"body":"buttercup comes in, and little"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2947.84,"endTime":2950.719,"body":"like that you can"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2947.84,"endTime":2950.719,"body":"keep up with so that you don't have"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2950.719,"endTime":2955.199,"body":"do blanket"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2950.719,"endTime":2955.199,"body":"applications of clethodim or 2-4 dB"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2955.199,"endTime":2958.0,"body":"I mean, there's a"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2955.199,"endTime":2958.0,"body":"lot of places that because they have"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2958.0,"endTime":2960.0,"body":"so many deer, they"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2958.0,"endTime":2960.0,"body":"have they just about have to be"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2960.0,"endTime":2962.96,"body":"those applications"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2960.0,"endTime":2962.96,"body":"annually because there's so much"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2962.96,"endTime":2966.639,"body":"ground all through"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2962.96,"endTime":2966.639,"body":"winter that Carolina geranium's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2966.639,"endTime":2966.96,"body":"in there."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2966.96,"endTime":2969.679,"body":"I mean, you you name"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2966.96,"endTime":2969.679,"body":"it the cool season weed, it's it's"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2969.679,"endTime":2971.76,"body":"getting seeded in"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":2969.679,"endTime":2971.76,"body":"just because there's growing space."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2972.48,"endTime":2974.639,"body":"Yeah, I think it's worth"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2972.48,"endTime":2974.639,"body":"harping on this point for a minute"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2974.639,"endTime":2980.239,"body":"because I 100% agree"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2974.639,"endTime":2980.239,"body":"that the most hands down, bar none,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2980.239,"endTime":2983.599,"body":"effective means of weed"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2980.239,"endTime":2983.599,"body":"control is cultural."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2983.599,"endTime":2987.679,"body":"And that is by balancing"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2983.599,"endTime":2987.679,"body":"the number of mouths with your food"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2987.679,"endTime":2988.32,"body":"plot acreage."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2988.32,"endTime":2989.76,"body":"Cool season."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2989.76,"endTime":2992.8,"body":"Think about the phen"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2989.76,"endTime":2992.8,"body":"think about the timing and the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2992.8,"endTime":2997.519,"body":"of when most cool, and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2992.8,"endTime":2997.519,"body":"there are there are exceptions to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2997.519,"endTime":2999.92,"body":"especially if we start"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2997.519,"endTime":2999.92,"body":"talking about perennial cool season"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2999.92,"endTime":3002.079,"body":"weeds, but most of our"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":2999.92,"endTime":3002.079,"body":"cool season weeds are annuals that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3002.079,"endTime":3004.159,"body":"real problematic in food"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3002.079,"endTime":3004.159,"body":"plots."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3004.159,"endTime":3009.199,"body":"So think about the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3004.159,"endTime":3009.199,"body":"timing that problematic cool season"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3009.199,"endTime":3013.199,"body":"germinate versus when"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3009.199,"endTime":3013.199,"body":"your cool season food plot"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3013.199,"endTime":3017.199,"body":"Most food plots, if"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3013.199,"endTime":3017.199,"body":"we're talking in the in the southern"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3017.199,"endTime":3020.88,"body":"are planted from August"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3017.199,"endTime":3020.88,"body":"to October, right?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3020.88,"endTime":3025.36,"body":"The vast majority of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3020.88,"endTime":3025.36,"body":"annual cool season weeds are not"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3025.36,"endTime":3029.679,"body":"until December, January,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3025.36,"endTime":3029.679,"body":"or February when we start getting"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3029.679,"endTime":3032.079,"body":"some of those warm mid"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3029.679,"endTime":3032.079,"body":"to late winter days."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3032.079,"endTime":3038.0,"body":"So if you have your food"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3032.079,"endTime":3038.0,"body":"plot acreage balanced with the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3038.0,"endTime":3042.079,"body":"of miles on the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3038.0,"endTime":3042.079,"body":"landscape, that planting is out of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3042.079,"endTime":3045.36,"body":"has the advantage over"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3042.079,"endTime":3045.36,"body":"the weeds because it was planted and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3045.36,"endTime":3047.039,"body":"has germinated three"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3045.36,"endTime":3047.039,"body":"months earlier."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3047.039,"endTime":3051.84,"body":"The situations where we"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3047.039,"endTime":3051.84,"body":"see issues are where Moriah, like"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3051.84,"endTime":3055.199,"body":"said, the little"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3051.84,"endTime":3055.199,"body":"gardeners are out there nipping off"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3055.199,"endTime":3059.28,"body":"new growth on the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3055.199,"endTime":3059.28,"body":"crimson clover and the wheat or"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3059.28,"endTime":3063.92,"body":"and uh still allowing"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3059.28,"endTime":3063.92,"body":"sunlight to the ground that creates"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3063.92,"endTime":3066.559,"body":"good germinating and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3063.92,"endTime":3066.559,"body":"growing environment for the weeds."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3066.559,"endTime":3070.559,"body":"But if you did not have"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3066.559,"endTime":3070.559,"body":"that level of grazing pressure,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3070.559,"endTime":3074.719,"body":"cool season food plot"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3070.559,"endTime":3074.719,"body":"species would canopy and they would"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3074.719,"endTime":3077.199,"body":"those weeds from even"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3074.719,"endTime":3077.199,"body":"germinating in the first place."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3077.199,"endTime":3079.76,"body":"Or once they did"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3077.199,"endTime":3079.76,"body":"germinate, they'd immediately be out"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3079.76,"endTime":3083.28,"body":"by a plant that was six"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3079.76,"endTime":3083.28,"body":"inches taller and had a vigorous"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3083.28,"endTime":3083.76,"body":"system."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3083.76,"endTime":3088.559,"body":"But I see it so commonly"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3083.76,"endTime":3088.559,"body":"where we try to plant a one-acre"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3088.559,"endTime":3091.28,"body":"plot, which is, you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3088.559,"endTime":3091.28,"body":"know, one to two acre food plot, a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3091.28,"endTime":3092.0,"body":"of people do it."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3092.0,"endTime":3095.679,"body":"It's extremely common,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3092.0,"endTime":3095.679,"body":"and for a lot of people, that's the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3095.679,"endTime":3098.88,"body":"only, you know, that's"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3095.679,"endTime":3098.88,"body":"the only acreage they have to devote"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3098.88,"endTime":3099.679,"body":"to food plots."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3099.679,"endTime":3103.519,"body":"But when you have that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3099.679,"endTime":3103.519,"body":"size food plot in the south where"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3103.519,"endTime":3107.199,"body":"densities are generally"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3103.519,"endTime":3107.199,"body":"quite high, you can expect some cool"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3107.199,"endTime":3108.239,"body":"season weed problems."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3108.239,"endTime":3112.719,"body":"And if you want that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3108.239,"endTime":3112.719,"body":"cool season food plot to perform to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3112.719,"endTime":3116.0,"body":"full potential, which"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3112.719,"endTime":3116.0,"body":"from my perspective is not just"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3116.0,"endTime":3119.039,"body":"over it in the deer"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3116.0,"endTime":3119.039,"body":"season, it's by being careful about"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3119.039,"endTime":3122.96,"body":"species we include, so"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3119.039,"endTime":3122.96,"body":"it can be feeding deer into spring"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3122.96,"endTime":3126.32,"body":"even summer in a lot of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3122.96,"endTime":3126.32,"body":"cases, then you're gonna need to be"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3126.32,"endTime":3127.44,"body":"on top of that weed"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3126.32,"endTime":3127.44,"body":"problem."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3127.44,"endTime":3130.719,"body":"And if you're in the one"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3127.44,"endTime":3130.719,"body":"to two acre food plot and you've got"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3130.719,"endTime":3133.519,"body":"a weed problem and you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3130.719,"endTime":3133.519,"body":"don't use herbicides, well then"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3133.519,"endTime":3136.48,"body":"got just a weed problem"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3133.519,"endTime":3136.48,"body":"into spring and summer, and you have"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3136.48,"endTime":3140.4,"body":"completely lost your"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3136.48,"endTime":3140.4,"body":"spring and summer forage production"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3140.4,"endTime":3140.88,"body":"of your planting."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3140.88,"endTime":3144.559,"body":"Whereas A, best case"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3140.88,"endTime":3144.559,"body":"scenario, you just manage your deer"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3144.559,"endTime":3149.76,"body":"appropriately, and B"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3144.559,"endTime":3149.76,"body":"dedicated your food plot acreage to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3149.76,"endTime":3154.159,"body":"food plots where the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3149.76,"endTime":3154.159,"body":"planting would be able to outcompete"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3154.159,"endTime":3158.32,"body":"then that food plot has"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3154.159,"endTime":3158.32,"body":"just become a lot more efficient for"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3158.32,"endTime":3161.199,"body":"you because you likely"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3158.32,"endTime":3161.199,"body":"won't need an herbicide application,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3161.199,"endTime":3164.96,"body":"or if you do, you'll"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3161.199,"endTime":3164.96,"body":"need less frequent herbicide"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3164.96,"endTime":3169.519,"body":"and that planting will"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3164.96,"endTime":3169.519,"body":"now persist for a great deal longer"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3169.519,"endTime":3170.48,"body":"into the spring and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3169.519,"endTime":3170.48,"body":"summer."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3170.48,"endTime":3173.36,"body":"So, like our point a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3170.48,"endTime":3173.36,"body":"minute ago about maximizing"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3173.36,"endTime":3176.719,"body":"if I'm gonna plant a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3173.36,"endTime":3176.719,"body":"food plot and spend the time and the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3176.719,"endTime":3179.36,"body":"and the resources and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3176.719,"endTime":3179.36,"body":"the diesel fuel and everything in"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3179.36,"endTime":3182.559,"body":"that food plot, I mean"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3179.36,"endTime":3182.559,"body":"our data says that a normal"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3182.559,"endTime":3186.32,"body":"food plot costs five to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3182.559,"endTime":3186.32,"body":"six hundred dollars per acre when"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3186.32,"endTime":3189.599,"body":"factor in soil"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3186.32,"endTime":3189.599,"body":"amendments and herbicide and you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3189.599,"endTime":3191.039,"body":"diesel fuel and all the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3189.599,"endTime":3191.039,"body":"things."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3191.039,"endTime":3194.4,"body":"If I'm gonna spend that"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3191.039,"endTime":3194.4,"body":"much money on a cool season food"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3194.4,"endTime":3197.199,"body":"I want that thing to be"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3194.4,"endTime":3197.199,"body":"rocking and rolling for as long as"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3197.199,"endTime":3197.36,"body":"I can."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3197.36,"endTime":3200.48,"body":"And I don't want to have"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3197.36,"endTime":3200.48,"body":"to, you know, nurse it along with"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3200.48,"endTime":3202.639,"body":"band-aids and Kool-Aid"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3200.48,"endTime":3202.639,"body":"all the time because it's not"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3202.639,"endTime":3202.96,"body":"well."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3202.96,"endTime":3207.76,"body":"I want it to be ginning"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3202.96,"endTime":3207.76,"body":"and hitting on all cylinders the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3207.76,"endTime":3208.32,"body":"time."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3208.32,"endTime":3212.32,"body":"And doing that means"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3208.32,"endTime":3212.32,"body":"that we need to be really careful"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3212.32,"endTime":3214.96,"body":"the very first step of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3212.32,"endTime":3214.96,"body":"that process, and that's site"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3214.96,"endTime":3217.199,"body":"and that's how many deer"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3214.96,"endTime":3217.199,"body":"are on the property."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3217.199,"endTime":3220.4,"body":"I think those are two of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3217.199,"endTime":3220.4,"body":"the most important things in all of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3220.4,"endTime":3220.88,"body":"this equation."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3220.88,"endTime":3224.239,"body":"And you you I mean, you"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3220.88,"endTime":3224.239,"body":"could even apply that to a lot of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3224.239,"endTime":3227.119,"body":"other, you know,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3224.239,"endTime":3227.119,"body":"invasive species problems that are"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3227.119,"endTime":3230.96,"body":"an advantage when the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3227.119,"endTime":3230.96,"body":"native plant community is not doing"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3230.96,"endTime":3233.039,"body":"If you've got a native"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3230.96,"endTime":3233.039,"body":"plant community that's just"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3233.039,"endTime":3237.76,"body":"overgrazed and overbrows"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3233.039,"endTime":3237.76,"body":"by deer, well, why are invasive"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3237.76,"endTime":3238.96,"body":"a problem in the first"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3237.76,"endTime":3238.96,"body":"place?"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3238.96,"endTime":3241.199,"body":"It's because they"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3238.96,"endTime":3241.199,"body":"germinate earlier and they've got"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3241.199,"endTime":3243.84,"body":"longer growing seasons"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3241.199,"endTime":3243.84,"body":"than the native plants."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3243.84,"endTime":3246.559,"body":"So if the native plants"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3243.84,"endTime":3246.559,"body":"are just getting hammered by deer"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3246.559,"endTime":3249.28,"body":"they're unable to be"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3246.559,"endTime":3249.28,"body":"there in the first place, well, of"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3249.28,"endTime":3251.76,"body":"you're gonna have"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3249.28,"endTime":3251.76,"body":"invasive species problems because"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3251.76,"endTime":3255.84,"body":"the usually not very"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3251.76,"endTime":3255.84,"body":"high preference deer forages and"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3255.84,"endTime":3257.84,"body":"are no natives there to"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3255.84,"endTime":3257.84,"body":"compete with them."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3258.719,"endTime":3261.28,"body":"Well, think"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3258.719,"endTime":3261.28,"body":"about the the positive feedback loop"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3261.28,"endTime":3263.679,"body":"you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3261.28,"endTime":3263.679,"body":"described there, both of you all"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3263.679,"endTime":3268.8,"body":"So take care"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3263.679,"endTime":3268.8,"body":"of the deer density issue, lower the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3268.8,"endTime":3269.119,"body":"population."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3269.119,"endTime":3273.039,"body":"That in and"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3269.119,"endTime":3273.039,"body":"of itself is gonna cause deer"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3273.039,"endTime":3277.28,"body":"to be"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3273.039,"endTime":3277.28,"body":"better, but by doing so, now your"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3277.28,"endTime":3281.039,"body":"is going to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3277.28,"endTime":3281.039,"body":"perform better and provide more"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3281.039,"endTime":3284.559,"body":"So now"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3281.039,"endTime":3284.559,"body":"you're providing more food just in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3284.559,"endTime":3287.599,"body":"plot for a"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3284.559,"endTime":3287.599,"body":"lesser number of deer."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3287.599,"endTime":3290.639,"body":"So now your"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3287.599,"endTime":3290.639,"body":"food plot is gonna perform better,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3290.639,"endTime":3293.76,"body":"your deer"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3290.639,"endTime":3293.76,"body":"condition is going to be better,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3293.76,"endTime":3295.679,"body":"wins in that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3293.76,"endTime":3295.679,"body":"regard."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3295.679,"endTime":3299.679,"body":"So it's it"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3295.679,"endTime":3299.679,"body":"just makes really, really good"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3299.679,"endTime":3300.4,"body":"sense."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3300.4,"endTime":3303.84,"body":"So most most"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3300.4,"endTime":3303.84,"body":"properties are on the negative side"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3303.84,"endTime":3304.719,"body":"of that"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3303.84,"endTime":3304.719,"body":"feedback loop."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3304.719,"endTime":3306.32,"body":"No doubt"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3304.719,"endTime":3306.32,"body":"about it."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3306.32,"endTime":3309.76,"body":"Even with"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3306.32,"endTime":3309.76,"body":"their you know, understores of their"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3309.76,"endTime":3310.4,"body":"forest"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3309.76,"endTime":3310.4,"body":"stands."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3310.4,"endTime":3311.28,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3311.28,"endTime":3313.039,"body":"No doubt"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3311.28,"endTime":3313.039,"body":"about it."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3315.28,"endTime":3315.92,"body":"really good"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3315.28,"endTime":3315.92,"body":"discussion."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3315.92,"endTime":3320.88,"body":"I think we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3315.92,"endTime":3320.88,"body":"kind of covered the spectrum of the"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3320.88,"endTime":3320.88,"body":"Dr. Bronson"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3320.88,"endTime":3320.88,"body":"Strickland:possibilities."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3320.88,"endTime":3324.48,"body":"And to me,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3320.88,"endTime":3324.48,"body":"this is a classic, it depends."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3324.48,"endTime":3328.32,"body":"We're not in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3324.48,"endTime":3328.32,"body":"every situation recommending"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3328.32,"endTime":3329.119,"body":"use."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3329.119,"endTime":3331.679,"body":"We're not in"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3329.119,"endTime":3331.679,"body":"every single situation recommending"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3331.679,"endTime":3332.88,"body":"that you"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3331.679,"endTime":3332.88,"body":"don't."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3332.88,"endTime":3335.92,"body":"We are"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3332.88,"endTime":3335.92,"body":"recommending that it is very"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3335.92,"endTime":3339.519,"body":"What species"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3335.92,"endTime":3339.519,"body":"need to be controlled?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3339.519,"endTime":3343.44,"body":"Are are"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3339.519,"endTime":3343.44,"body":"there alternative effective methods"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3343.44,"endTime":3344.0,"body":"control"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3343.44,"endTime":3344.0,"body":"them?"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3344.0,"endTime":3347.119,"body":"And there"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3344.0,"endTime":3347.119,"body":"may be some where we can do it one"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3347.119,"endTime":3348.639,"body":"two or three"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3347.119,"endTime":3348.639,"body":"different ways."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3348.639,"endTime":3352.32,"body":"There are"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3348.639,"endTime":3352.32,"body":"very likely some situations where if"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3352.32,"endTime":3354.96,"body":"you're going"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3352.32,"endTime":3354.96,"body":"to have success and meet your"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3354.96,"endTime":3356.96,"body":"it may"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3354.96,"endTime":3356.96,"body":"require some chemistry."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3356.96,"endTime":3359.599,"body":"It may"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3356.96,"endTime":3359.599,"body":"require some herbicide use."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3359.599,"endTime":3363.76,"body":"And and we"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3359.599,"endTime":3363.76,"body":"just simply think that's going to be"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3363.76,"endTime":3368.0,"body":"the more"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3363.76,"endTime":3368.0,"body":"effective way to fast forward"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3368.0,"endTime":3371.679,"body":"and to get"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3368.0,"endTime":3371.679,"body":"that that plot, that forest stand,"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3371.679,"endTime":3374.4,"body":"you're"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3371.679,"endTime":3374.4,"body":"managing, where where it needs to"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3374.4,"endTime":3377.36,"body":"So thank"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3374.4,"endTime":3377.36,"body":"thank you both for your time."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3377.36,"endTime":3378.4,"body":"I appreciate"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3377.36,"endTime":3378.4,"body":"the input."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3378.4,"endTime":3382.0,"body":"Any any"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3378.4,"endTime":3382.0,"body":"closing thoughts, Moriah or Luke?"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3382.88,"endTime":3382.88,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3382.88,"endTime":3387.199,"body":"We are not in any"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3382.88,"endTime":3387.199,"body":"way associated with any chemical"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3387.199,"endTime":3389.599,"body":"If we were, we would"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3387.199,"endTime":3389.599,"body":"all make a lot more money."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3389.599,"endTime":3390.96,"body":"You should see the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3389.599,"endTime":3390.96,"body":"cars we drive."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3390.96,"endTime":3394.88,"body":"We're always the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3390.96,"endTime":3394.88,"body":"ones buying the chemicals to get the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3394.88,"endTime":3395.039,"body":"done."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3395.039,"endTime":3398.719,"body":"But yeah, like we're"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3395.039,"endTime":3398.719,"body":"first off, we're not associated, we"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3398.719,"endTime":3401.44,"body":"don't sell any kind"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3398.719,"endTime":3401.44,"body":"of food plotsi, we don't pitch"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3401.44,"endTime":3403.119,"body":"we're not making"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3401.44,"endTime":3403.119,"body":"money in that way."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3403.119,"endTime":3407.92,"body":"We only really make"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3403.119,"endTime":3407.92,"body":"money by making sound management"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3407.92,"endTime":3411.44,"body":"based off of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3407.92,"endTime":3411.44,"body":"research and based off of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3411.44,"endTime":3415.92,"body":"And that's why we"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3411.44,"endTime":3415.92,"body":"harp so much on context, because the"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3415.92,"endTime":3418.8,"body":"context you know is"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3415.92,"endTime":3418.8,"body":"so imperative."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3418.8,"endTime":3422.48,"body":"You have to"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3418.8,"endTime":3422.48,"body":"understand that to make the correct"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3422.48,"endTime":3426.4,"body":"And the correct"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3422.48,"endTime":3426.4,"body":"decision is is very seldom the same"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3426.4,"endTime":3427.92,"body":"in you know multiple"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3426.4,"endTime":3427.92,"body":"circumstances."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3428.8,"endTime":3432.96,"body":"So I guess my closing"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3428.8,"endTime":3432.96,"body":"point would be uh none of us are"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3432.96,"endTime":3437.039,"body":"here in our ivory tower"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3432.96,"endTime":3437.039,"body":"disillusioned to the real world."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3437.039,"endTime":3442.239,"body":"I mean, we don't just"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3437.039,"endTime":3442.239,"body":"manage land for research, we also"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3442.239,"endTime":3445.92,"body":"land for recreation,"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3442.239,"endTime":3445.92,"body":"just like you know, all of the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3445.92,"endTime":3448.719,"body":"who manage land, they"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3445.92,"endTime":3448.719,"body":"manage land for recreation."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3448.719,"endTime":3454.0,"body":"And we are very familiar"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3448.719,"endTime":3454.0,"body":"with the situations in which"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3454.0,"endTime":3458.88,"body":"is effective and the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3454.0,"endTime":3458.88,"body":"situations where herbicide is not"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3458.88,"endTime":3459.519,"body":"best management"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3458.88,"endTime":3459.519,"body":"approach."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3459.519,"endTime":3464.88,"body":"So I just don't I want"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3459.519,"endTime":3464.88,"body":"people to just be aware that we we"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3464.88,"endTime":3468.4,"body":"it and we get the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3464.88,"endTime":3468.4,"body":"concerns with spraying herbicides"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3468.4,"endTime":3470.239,"body":"Like we talked about at"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3468.4,"endTime":3470.239,"body":"the beginning of the podcast."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3470.239,"endTime":3474.96,"body":"We I don't enjoy"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3470.239,"endTime":3474.96,"body":"spraying herbicides, I don't enjoy"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3474.96,"endTime":3480.559,"body":"but I also am very aware"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3474.96,"endTime":3480.559,"body":"of how effective herbicides are at"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3480.559,"endTime":3484.559,"body":"achieving a specific"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3480.559,"endTime":3484.559,"body":"objective in a very timely manner."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3484.559,"endTime":3487.44,"body":"So we're all about using"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3484.559,"endTime":3487.44,"body":"the right tool for the job."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3487.44,"endTime":3490.8,"body":"We're not about just"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3487.44,"endTime":3490.8,"body":"blindly throwing the toolbox at the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3490.8,"endTime":3492.32,"body":"and seeing what gets the"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3490.8,"endTime":3492.32,"body":"job done."},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3492.32,"endTime":3495.92,"body":"We are very strategic in"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3492.32,"endTime":3495.92,"body":"what we use, when we use it, and how"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3495.92,"endTime":3498.239,"body":"we use it to achieve a"},{"speaker":"Luke Resop","startTime":3495.92,"endTime":3498.239,"body":"specific objective."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3499.519,"endTime":3500.079,"body":"Well said."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3500.079,"endTime":3501.679,"body":"Well, thank"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3500.079,"endTime":3501.679,"body":"you guys."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3501.679,"endTime":3504.159,"body":"I appreciate"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3501.679,"endTime":3504.159,"body":"your time and uh really good"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3504.159,"endTime":3505.119,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3505.119,"endTime":3506.48,"body":"Thanks for"},{"speaker":"Dr. Bronson Strickland","startTime":3505.119,"endTime":3506.48,"body":"having me."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3508.239,"endTime":3510.96,"body":"Thanks for listening"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3508.239,"endTime":3510.96,"body":"to the Wildlife Investments Podcast."},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3510.96,"endTime":3515.28,"body":"For more information"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3510.96,"endTime":3515.28,"body":"on these topics, or to see some of"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3515.28,"endTime":3518.88,"body":"the projects our"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3515.28,"endTime":3518.88,"body":"team is working on, follow us on"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3518.88,"endTime":3523.84,"body":"and Facebook at"},{"speaker":"Moriah Boggess","startTime":3518.88,"endTime":3523.84,"body":"Wildlife Investments, or visit"}]}