What on Earth?!
What On Earth?! is a podcast about the planet we live on - and the many questions it raises. From fossils and volcanoes to rocks, landscapes, and the forces shaping Earth beneath our feet, each episode breaks down an Earth science topic in a clear and engaging way.
No prior knowledge required: we focus on the ideas, stories, and discoveries that help you understand how Earth works and why it matters. If you’ve ever looked at a rock, a map, or the ground beneath you and thought “what on Earth is going on here?” - this podcast is for you.
What on Earth?!
Episode 7.2 - What on (Flat) Earth?!
Use Left/Right to seek, Home/End to jump to start or end. Hold shift to jump forward or backward.
🎧 Flat Earth, Conspiracies & How Our Brain Tricks Us (Part 2)
Please remember to follow, like and share!
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/whatonearth_podcast?igsh=Y3MwbjkyNjgwcjVy
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/share/1Fa7FsnQku/
Sources
YouGov, 2018. Most flat earthers consider themselves very religious
Psychology of conspiratorial mind study:
Bowes, Shauna & Costello, Thomas & Tasimi, Arber. (2023). The Conspiratorial Mind: A Meta-Analytic Review of Motivational and Personological Correlates. Psychological Bulletin. 149. 259-293. 10.1037/bul0000392.
The Conspiratorial Mind: A Meta-Analytic Review of Motivational and Personological Correlates
YouTube video of Professor Dave Explains: https://youtu.be/h0H-amOti_o?si=yxxwBDu1gpLw-g8Z
"You are not so smart" Podcast episode 299 - Debunkbot: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6aWubjGqJeWXAXZXy831eR?si=YCvR0xYITFKkAPP90X92rw
Debunkbot study:
Thomas H. Costello et al. ,Durably reducing conspiracy beliefs through dialogues with AI.Science385,eadq1814(2024).DOI:10.1126/science.adq1814
Durably reducing conspiracy beliefs through dialogues with AI | Science
Debunkbot: DebunkBot | Conspiracies
In Part 2 of What on Earth, we move beyond Flat Earth itself and into something even more fascinating: how our brain works - and why conspiracy theories can feel so convincing.
We start with a simple but uncomfortable idea: could anyone fall for conspiracy thinking? From there, we explore the psychology behind it - and what makes certain explanations so appealing, even when they don’t hold up scientifically.
We talk about cognitive biases like confirmation bias and the Dunning–Kruger effect, and how confidence can sometimes be mistaken for expertise. Along the way, we break down how scientific thinking actually works - from observations and hypotheses to experiments and theories - and why evidence matters more than intuition.
We also touch on an important nuance: not every conspiracy is false. History has shown us real examples that were later confirmed. But the key difference is evidence - and how we evaluate it.
This episode is part psychology, part science, and part understanding how we make sense of the world - especially when things feel uncertain or complex.
So grab your favorite mug ☕ (we definitely did), and join us as we unpack how belief, bias, and evidence collide.
🎙️ Listen now on Spotify or wherever you get your podcasts
✨ Stay curious and keep asking yourself… What on Earth?!
Hi guys, welcome back to part two of What on Flat Earth, the special edition of What on Earth podcast, where me and Tika dive deep into debunking conspiracy theories. And I want to show you some models and explain you how they work according to Flat Earth. And I grouped it to three um very basic ideas which are explainable by spherical earth and they are trying to prove it by flat earth. And one of them are seasons. Like how do we have seasons on flat earth? Because if uh you know you have sun and the and and the moon, if you dare to open the document that I prepared for this episode, TK, you will see this beautiful image of flat earth university about season. It looks so official.
SPEAKER_01Like if you don't know much about science, you could uh I can believe this.
SPEAKER_00Yeah, it looks so good. Scary. So you see that they have this three different trajectory of the sun. So there are three different paths. The one in June 21st, you see the yellow one, it's like the closest to the North Pole. Then you have March and September, the the red one, and then December, which is the orange. We will include all those visuals on our socials so you can of course uh look through them. And uh this is where the sun is supposed to travel from the tropic of cancer to the tropic of Capricorn. And this is how you have or this is at least this is how I understood that they explain seasons. Um, my one big problem for this model is that the inner path, given that the sun is, you know, taking the same amount of time, would take less time than the outer one, which would mean that summer should have shorter days than winter, right? Yeah.
SPEAKER_01But it says But it's not. But it says in the figures slower sun and faster sun somehow.
SPEAKER_00But it's also we know that it's not true because we can measure the path of sun, you know, like four minutes, you know, like four minutes takes one degree and whatever. Yeah. So like we know that the sun magically doesn't speed up when it's summer and sorry, it doesn't slow down when it's summer and it doesn't speed up when it's winter. Um so this is my already a big problem with explanation of seasons.
SPEAKER_01But it would also mean the sun moving. The sun is huge. Like how would it speed up and slow down so fast?
SPEAKER_00I mean, you know, you can technically say that their observation is that the sun traverses. So, you know, their observation is sun travels. So let's give let's start there, right? So, like if if we want to give them the benefit of the doubt and approach it from their perspective, that their observation is the sun travels across the sky uh and the earth is flat, like according to their model, which they show in this picture. Yeah, uh the R of the circle is different in June than in December. And we know from observation that it's not true that it speeds up, it doesn't speed up, then it just doesn't blue itself, right? It doesn't make sense.
SPEAKER_01No, but I'm just I'm just thinking like movement of mass. So if if we assume the sun is moving, it's a huge mass to speed up and slow down in its movement, like how how?
SPEAKER_00Yeah, and also like um what makes it faster and what makes it slower. Yeah. There has to be a cause of like change in velocity. Yeah.
SPEAKER_01Interesting. There's much to discuss.
SPEAKER_00Yes. Uh let's move on to a second uh second visual where we have uh day and night. So it's shown that you know, observation, and that's you know, observation which also apparently flat earthers are agreeing on because they showed on the picture, that half of the planet is always covered in darkness and the other half of the planet is always bright, right? And uh in this picture that they show us, I have a big problem of like how the light would work. Because n if you light a simple torch on top of your desk, you will create a circle. So what is the why now all of the sudden there's like this line which goes through the planet which makes it dark? Like how does it work?
SPEAKER_01It's like you know what I you know what I mean. Light is suddenly not diffuse anymore.
SPEAKER_00Light is at some point all light light all of the sudden in this model uh has a different path in different directions.
SPEAKER_01Yeah, it behaves differently than we experience on a daily basis.
SPEAKER_00Yeah. Like pr you know, even if we give again benefit of the doubt to this model, take a torch, light it on the on on your desk, on your flat desk, it will create a circle. Unless you restrain it from one side, then you can have a semicircle, but something has to restrain it. And my question is what restrains the light? Um and then another question for flat earthers, if there are any amongst our listeners, probably there are. Hopefully there are, because I'm craving knowledge now.
SPEAKER_01I want to talk to one of I wanna I would really want to talk to a flat earther and just see where we agree because that that is always my yeah, yeah, my way of discussing. But like how where where does it come from, this belief? Where did they hear from it? How how did they get to it?
SPEAKER_00Yeah, yeah. But uh going back to my many questions that I had after reading, uh, is like why observation of everyday life is again not explaining the model. We sometimes see the moon and the sun at the same time, right? We see it in morning skies where we have a sunrise and there's a still moon present. It's impossible. It's impossible given their model. It's impossible.
SPEAKER_01So what is it then? Is it not the moon?
SPEAKER_00I I don't know. Maybe it's a you know government spaceship.
SPEAKER_01I don't trick us all into thinking the earth is round.
SPEAKER_00Uh could be. I really don't know. Then also how people, flat earthers, explain lunar eclipse, because I could not find compelling explanation for that. Where does it be where does it hide? You know, like does it go behind the f table or how does it work? The lunar eclipse.
SPEAKER_01The same thing, blocking the light has to be.
SPEAKER_00Yeah. And then if you see all the videos that I was watching, um they always explain one phenomenon after another. They never overimpose these two seasons, plus day and night, together, because it would not make sense. Like it would not explain these two observations at the same time. Because if Earth is sorry, if the sun is shining and chain in and moving, and then it changes the the speed, it would also influence like day and night. It's it just doesn't make sense, like together, yeah, as one model. If you overlap the view of the day and night with the poster which they post about seasons, it doesn't work. I mean, besides that, that it actually doesn't work, it also doesn't work for them. And then the third thing which I would like to touch upon is the very famous Coriolis effect, right? Which would again impact, you know, like we say it's direct um conclusion of Earth being spherical and spinning. Uh and they explain it differently. That I don't want to, you know, right now say something stupid and then open the floor for discussion that I didn't understand it. But as far as I understood it from the description, is that this the sun influences the temperature and uh and and air and currents in the way that you know it creates this this Coriolis pattern. But it's the sun, it's not the spinning.
SPEAKER_01Okay, interesting. So do you do you want me to explain the Coriolis effect? Yes, you can make yes, yes, please do. Um we see that the top side, so the the waves and the northern hemisphere. Yeah. I'm just trying to find the best explanation for this. Um but what what we see on Earth is this pattern where the Earth moves, uh twists counterclockwise, and therefore we see these currents on the northern hemisphere created to the left, to the southern hemisphere, to the right, because of this twisting movement action. And this impacts a lot of things for climate, for example, the ocean currents and the wind currents um moving in three different cells, because um in the northern hemisphere you have like from 0 to 31 air cell because of this effect, because of the twist to the left, and then after 30 degrees north, it's fully bent, and then a new cell starts. And we'll explain this later in a full episode, but yeah.
SPEAKER_00Yeah. So Cornelis effect is something which actually makes sense only if you consider Earth uh a rotating sphere, right? Because the circulating air is deflected towards the right on the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere. So it's the other way around. Yeah. Yeah. Simple terms. Um and then again, they try to uh explain it by the movement of the sun, but again, okay, it might and and and generally magnetism, they also like they absolutely love the idea of magnetism um in flat Earth societies. Like they explain electromagnetic by by electromagnetism everything, like everything which they cannot conclude on spherical, there's like electromagnetism, charges, you know, static electricity, uh, and stuff like this. It's it's it's prevailing, you see it everywhere. But go back to the Coriolis effect. Again, I have a problem with their uh model, which goes around the sun, let's say, like the sun is the cause of the Coriolis effect. Because if you tell me that the Sun has different orbits in case of seasons, this would also imply that those Earth currents and the uh you know the winds, the permanent winds we have pattern fluctuates also according to seasons, which we don't see.
SPEAKER_01Yeah, so there's a jet stream, right? The north pole jet stream.
SPEAKER_00Exactly. So they are contradictory, like separately in pieces, if you look just at the day and night, just at the season, just at the coralise effect, it might make sense if you really want it, right? It might. Yeah. But if you overimpose it, those three pieces of puzzles, they are mismatched because they are contradicting each other. So like if the seasons are changing because the sun position is changing on the plane, then the Coriolis effect cannot be explained by this.
SPEAKER_01Yeah, because then it would be different all the time, which it's not which we can measure.
SPEAKER_00We would have seasonal changes of the Coriolis, like air currents. It would just not make sense. Yeah. Um, yeah, so and you can go down the rabbit hole about the gravity explanation when they try to explain by density. Um there's also this very famous Sydney-Santiago flight uh argument that if you have a flat Earth, the Sydney to Santiago flight would be too long for any commercial flight to take. And they argue that they're known. And I'm like, people take it every day. There are flights like this, it exists. And it exists because we have a sphere, so they instead of flying right to left, they fly behind the globe. Yeah. It's a 14.5 hour flight. I went that deep that I just literally found this flight.
SPEAKER_01And committed.
SPEAKER_00I was committed. I wanted to understand. I think this is very important to not mock and like uh make fun of them, even though the first impulse is just too ridiculous. Um but it's kind of interesting to see how they like react to scientific debates. And I found very nice um video with a guy, uh YouTube guy that I also really like, uh Professor Dave Explains. Uh, I will also link you to this uh this channel. But uh and this guy at some point went down the rabbit hole with Flat Earth eventually, and then they like tried it, like the Flat Earth Society kind of took over on him to uh debunk him. So he was trying to have a conver scientific conversation. He was trying to use uh you know arguments and he was trying to show it through scientific methods, and these guys were just making fun of him, you know, like, oh yeah, you know, hey, I'm so smart, of course he's gonna throw gravity into it. And I was like, okay, but what is your argument? Like it's just pure mockery from their side and not necessarily scientific approach from the flat earth society, which I was surprised because I thought that if you're trying to convince people that the earth is flat, you would have some kind of compelling arguments besides just mockery of uh the scientific community.
SPEAKER_01Yeah, a lot of theory, very little actually scientific.
SPEAKER_00And here we go, Tika. Thank you for saying a lot of theory. Now that's fantastic timing, and I love that you said that because now I can rant about scientific methods, and when people say theory, they actually don't mean theory. Uh, because I think it's very much needed to right now explain how science proves things and how we uh learn how to learn. So, like, how do we do science? Um, so I thought that I would just uh tell you about observation, hypothesis, and difference between theory and law. We have observations, which can be, of course, and uh just like descriptive uh observations, like going back to the sailors. We observe that ships on the horizon appear from the sail down.
SPEAKER_01Yeah, it's using your senses or some machine or instrument to heighten your senses. Or certain.
SPEAKER_00So you collect the data using your senses or other instruments, but these are observation. You know, this room is hot, this room is cold, my tea is hot. Descriptive, as you said. Descriptive, yeah. Um then you have hypothesis, and this is like explanation of observations using senses or collectible data. Or like in my case of my PhD, the creep is a residue of lunar magma ocean which was created through fractional crystallization. Something which you you explain the observation using the data. And then, of course, you have the hypothesis, and now you need to do experiments to test it. So you gather empirical evidences to confirm or refute.
SPEAKER_01And it's very empirical just means found, right?
SPEAKER_00Or empirical, it's like provable. Um empirical evidence is also like information through direct observation or experimentation. Yeah. And it's yeah, generally used to confirm or disprove the hypothesis. It's also quite important when you create experiments, and I can talk about it a lot because my PhD was in experimental petrology. It's quite important how you design it because you should make experiments in the way you control everything. So you try to have just one variable at a time. You either change the temperature, or you change the pressure, or you change the shape, or you change the material. You kind of want to limit things which can vary independently and just focus on one impact of one thing on another. So you have this then independent and dependent uh variables of your experiments. And then let's talk about theories. Because theories are actually something that based on the theory you can make predictions, and they have to be consistent beyond the reasonable doubt. We have uh gravitational theory, we have big bang theory, you have evolution theory, we have atomic theory, and all these things are so well documented that based on them you can make predictions, and though predictions while t when tested are proven right. And one of examples could be um discovery of Neptune 1846, where scientists found that Uranus orbit has some kind of inconsistency and that there has to be another gravitational object in the vicinity of that planet to create this resonance. And they made calculations, all the smart people gathered, started using math, started using all the laws and all the equations which was developed through scientific methods, and boom, they pointed the telescope to the sky, and there it was a planet. So this is amazing, like you know, and and this is something I'm missing for the flat earthers. Like, where is your Neptune moment? If you can, if you're so sure about it, create a theory which can make predictions where when you test it, it proves you exactly that, what you expected. And let's talk about laws. Laws are summary of observations. So if you would like to have it grouped, you kind of have, of course, you start with observation, you build your hypothesis, and from those hypotheses you do experiments which you test it, and then you develop theory. It's kind of this is a pipeline. And my problem with flat earth, and then you I also watched this behind the curve documentary. We watched it actually together, TK, when we were still in Mastery Masters.
SPEAKER_01Yeah.
SPEAKER_00Um do you remember how did it end?
SPEAKER_01It ended with the psychologist actually talking about how to not be so excluding. Right.
SPEAKER_00Yes, there was but they also uh there was this very important moment which uh kind of closes right now, then I would say I will close the narrative about scientific methods, because they designed an experiment, empirical experiment, and that was like okay, the these guys are clearly onto something, let's watch. And then they made this experiment when they uh said that we would put a pole with a laser from one true, true, true, I remember this. Yeah, from point A to point B. So like in a flat Earth, the laser from point A to point B through the point, let's say, I don't know, C, uh would travel through. On on the curved earth or like spherical earth, you would not be able to do that because the blinding at that height would just cover the laser beam. Yeah, it wouldn't go through. It wouldn't go through. And what they did, they kind of proved that the earth is sphere, but they refused to accept that because they performed this experiment and they it didn't went through, and then they like they lowered the pole and it like magically went through, and it was like, oh, interesting. And I was like, what is interesting that the earth is sphere? You just proved that. This is literally you literally created like an experiment, you collected the data, and the conclusion should be the earth is round, but they refused.
SPEAKER_01So well up until like the end, like the the last step.
SPEAKER_00Just draw the conclusion, and they go again contradictory to their own principle rule believe only what you saw with your own eyes, with the data you only collected by yourself. They did that and they still refused. So this is literally just not a science. And of course, Big Impact also has the confirmation bias, and something which uh probably you know, Tika, it's a Dunning Kruger effect. You know that?
SPEAKER_01Um not by name.
SPEAKER_00Okay. So when you listen to these guys, um they use a lot of sophisticated nomenclature trying to post themselves as an expert. While they have a very little like little knowledge on the actual topic. And this Dunning-Kruger effect is a bias that describes tendency of people with a low ability in a specific area to give very assertive, positive statements of their of this ability.
SPEAKER_01So it's like the more you know, the less you're sure. Yeah, it's like you don't know what you don't know, and therefore you're confident in what you think you know. Yeah.
SPEAKER_00Exactly. And you know, there's another like phrase like only because you don't understand something, it doesn't mean it's a conspiracy. But like let's move on to to this to this bias, the cogni you cognitive bias, how our brain works. If there is an let's say group of people which are more tend towards those conspirational thinking, do you think, Tika, there is a type of people who are more prone to be conspirational theorists, or everyone can fall for it?
SPEAKER_01I think in theory everyone can fall for it, but I think people are more susceptible to misinformation in some for some reasons. I think um if you're, for example, less uh high IQ or um It's just an assumption, right? It's just what I'm thinking of. If if you have it's easier to convince someone if they don't know much or if the if they are their reasoning skills are a bit lower, you know?
SPEAKER_00So you would say the trait would be more like uh less educated people. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. But right now, let's let's remove the flat earth, let's focus on people who are with tendencies for conspiracy conspirational minds, like you know, everything coming from 9-11 was a scam to government is you know run by lizards, uh lizard people and whatever. Um the it must be said that there are conspiracies which have been proven correct, right? Which have been proven right. Like, I don't know, experimental, like medical experiments on uh indigenous people. True. So like we always have to think, am I crazy or is there something? There was a very interesting study. I'm gonna link it. Uh and they were trying to see if there are any traits. I again, like this is right now, I'm just kind of briefing you about the paper because I'm not a psychologist. I was just curious. It was kind of natural progression for when I was doing research for this uh for this episode to kind of understand if there is a type of people which were more susceptible for uh for conspiracies. And they there the study found that people with abnormal personality traits tend to believe in conspirational thinking more. And these types of abnormal personality traits are paranoid, schizotype, odd thinking pattern, referencing everything is about me, and very important and very interesting narcissism.
SPEAKER_01Oh, this is this is cool. Tell me more.
SPEAKER_00Okay, uh they also tried to find if there is like a normal personality trait, like being introvert or extrovert correlation, but there was not so strong correlation like it was when you have the abnormal personality traits. And I'm not saying right now, and I'm not diagnosing anyone, disclaimer, I'm not diagnosing anyone right now, but there is correlation between conspirational thinking and be having those abnormal personality traits, which doesn't mean that every flat earther is a narcissist. There is also this why behind believing in these things, and they state three motives: the need of understanding one's environment, which I think was is pretty standard. Everyone wants to understand how the very natural works. Very natural. This is how religion was born, this is how science was born, this is a kind of natural curiosity of like understanding your environment. Uh a need to feel secure, very normal, very natural, I would say. And then need to maintain a superior but fragile image of yourself in a group. So you have kind of this social motive, the individualism of narcissism, this special recognition, like, oh look at I'm so clever, I'm so unique.
SPEAKER_01Yeah, I'm the only one that gets it right, I'm the only one that understands this conspiracy.
SPEAKER_00You know, you're all sheeps. This is me who figured the shit out. You know, I'm so smart. Uh that's you know, the government wants to screw me over, everything is about me. Uh abnormal personality trait, but also very narcissistic. Then you have this epistemic motive. So, like over-relying on your intuition, uh, also discarding a huge body of research, uh, seeing patterns when there are no patterns, and then like trying to find simple answers to complex problems. And uh one of the things I f I found it very interesting that it also gives these people instant like rewarding, like instant um dopamine bust. You know, you get into the loop because like, whoa, this is so interesting, going down the spiral. It's like everyone does that, I did that sometimes or read it, you know, going down the spiral about certain topics, but they take it to the extreme, right? Um, so there is a clear picture of certain type of person who either is very insecure, uh, who is either a bit more could be a bit more paranoid. There was also a statement that these people went through something traumatic. Also, the bigger the event, the higher the chance there will be conspiracy about it. 9-11, some big, you know, hurricane in the US, right? It was caused by the government. The bigger the trauma, your brain kind of probably wants to cover it with conspiracy because it's just easier to explain than simply Yeah, and it's easier to point to someone to blame.
SPEAKER_01I think this whole phenomenon is super interesting because these people they they are trying to find community in a way that is not helpful to society, but still the the urge to find, to want to find community is very valid. Um so once you belong. Yeah, yeah. So I kind of understand in a way. Um and I think we need to be nicer to each other to help these people come back or help us understand each other better, um, so we don't alienate from each other so yeah horribly. Um even though it's sometimes very hard not to be rude.
SPEAKER_00And not to make fun of these people.
SPEAKER_01Yeah, and it really is. And I fall in this pit all the time. This this is a trap you never get rid of because we all have our preconceptions or our beliefs.
SPEAKER_00You know, these people are not necessarily stupid people. Some of these people are probably very educated people, they just uh dis have very strong distrust, and uh it would be nice to earn their trust back and show them that you don't need to be alienating yourself or distrusting everything. And now, my favorite part of the podcast, I found uh this study, it's a large language model for debunking conspiracies. So if you know someone, if our listeners know someone who is really deep into conspiracies, there is this beautiful tool which was developed by uh Thomas Castello Costello at American University with Gordon Pennycock of Cornell University and David G. Rand at MIT. And these guys I'm I'm in awe because like yeah, they developed the bunk bot and I tested it and it's super interesting. So you can open a website which is like Chat GPT. So first it's gonna ask you question about your preferable conspiracy theory. The way they state it, it's also like not makes you think that you're crazy, which is very important. Like the debot really tests your belief and it really frames it like this. When you open the debunk bot, it's this is a survey of MIT scientific research, and then you click continue, and then you have that throughout history, various theories have emerged that suggest certain significant event or situations are the results of secret plans by individual groups. These theories often offer alternative explanation for events that than those that are widely accepted by the public or presented by official sources. Some people call these conspiracy theories. Reflecting on this, are there any specific such theories that you find particularly credible or compelling? The wording, the compassion, is so well constructed for these people. And then you can true. So true. Then you can, I know I type flat earth, right? And then it's great that you're thinking critically about the world and questioning assumptions. It just starts with a very compelling way of comparing the flat earth, the curved earth. You can talk with it, you can exchange uh your concerns. Great. And uh it has a certain advantage over talking with people because often scientists and people like me and you, we get frustrated. We tend towards mockery and and all these things, it's it's not there. It's just pure facts, no need for this debate techniques. This bot, since it's LLM, has unlimited access to information. You know, conspiracy theorists will come to you with the most obscure fact, and the bot will know it in a second because it's a bot.
SPEAKER_01Yeah, and because it has the whole internet like behind it.
SPEAKER_00Also, it stays on the topic, it doesn't diverge. There's also no gish gallop effect, you know what is a gish gallop?
SPEAKER_01Well, I listened to this podcast you sent me, but it's um just overflowing with many facts, right?
SPEAKER_00Yeah, you kind of bombard people with so many facts that going around them and debunking them one after another creates just more and more and more opportunity for that person to be, you know, discredited. This bot, since it's LLM, they they harvest the information of that person, they use the wording of that person, you get questions about I don't know, uh, climate. It only works on flat earth. The bot will give you only the climate information. Beautiful. I don't know about this uh bot because of the podcast I I really like. You are not so smart, amazing podcast, and I think this is this fits perfectly to this episode. And also if you're struggling with your loved one who is very much into conspiracies, maybe that person needs to talk to the bot, or you need to talk to a bot to learn how to talk with your with that person. It's also a nice tool for that. Yeah, yeah.
SPEAKER_01It's um beautiful research, beautiful piece of uh equipment made.
SPEAKER_00I think one of the most important findings of the debunk bots is that it has a very high percentage of people questioning their beliefs. It's 20%. Wow. 20% less believing in whatever you were believing before. That's huge. 20% can literally flip you from being a flat earther to being a spherical. You make it sound so appealing. Come to a happy bubble. Um, so yeah, these guys are really onto something. I'm also very much amazed how you can use AI and larger language models to literally change the world for better. You know, my my my boyfriend, he works with LLM, he did the PhD on that with like detection of propaganda. You can have so many applications for important topics and debunking, conspiracy theories, detection of propaganda. I think this is where the future really needs to focus because this is gonna be a new way of harvesting people's minds and votes and opinions. And you know, it's easier to manipulate people who are susceptible to manipulation. And the moment you start questioning everything with facts, this is a hope for a better future.
SPEAKER_01And trust your own critical thinking skills. If you do please develop them, it's one of the best skills to have, and lean on yourself.
SPEAKER_00And if you cannot, if you don't know how to develop critical thinkings, talk to the bot. It really explains it in a very simplistic way without making you feel stupid, which I think is also quite intri important.
SPEAKER_01Yeah. So thank you, Veronica, for going down his spiral, taking us with it.
SPEAKER_00Thank you guys for listening. Thank you, Tika, for being there for me. Always. And we hear you in the next one. Bye. Bye.