National Home Inspector Exam Prep Podcast

11 - Problematic Panelboards: Federal Pacific, Zinsco, Bulldog

β€’ Season 1 - Electrical Systems ⚑ β€’ Season 1 β€’ Episode 11

Send us a text

Certain older panelboards have documented or alleged defects that create safety hazards. Home inspectors should recognize these panels and make appropriate recommendations. Most are at or past end of service life.

Federal Pacific Stab-Lok

Identification:

  • Logo "FPE" on enclosure
  • Also known as Federal Electric and Challenger
  • Most common in houses built mid-1950s to early 1980s

Alleged Defects:

  • Circuit breakers may NOT trip when they should
  • Circuit breakers may be energized when showing de-energized
  • Arcing at connection of breaker with busbar (not visible unless breaker removed)
  • Design defects in panelboard, enclosure, and breakers

Inspection Safety Concerns:

  • Dead front cover difficult to remove
  • Circuit breakers may fall out when cover removed
  • Some home inspectors will NOT remove these covers

Reporting Recommendation:

  • Majority opinion: Report presence, explain potential risks, recommend evaluation by qualified electrician
  • Some inspectors: Recommend replacement (some electricians unaware of problems)
  • Note: Only Federal Pacific Stab-Lok involved (other FPE types not affected)

Zinsco/Zinsco-Sylvania

Identification:

  • Most common in houses built 1940s-1970s
  • Distinctive appearance

Alleged Defects:

  • Circuit breakers may NOT trip when they should
  • Circuit breakers energized when showing de-energized
  • Arcing at connection of breaker with busbar (not visible unless breaker removed)
  • Design defects in panelboard and breakers

Reporting Recommendation:

  • Majority opinion: Report presence, explain potential risks, recommend evaluation by qualified electrician
  • Note: Some electricians unaware of alleged problems

Bulldog Pushmatic

Identification:

  • Most common 1950s-1960s (may be found through 1990s)
  • Distinctive push-button circuit breakers

Alleged Defects:

  • Circuit breakers may NOT trip when they should (especially 1950s-1960s models)
  • Circuit breakers energized when showing de-energized
  • Design defects in breakers

Reporting Recommendation:

  • Majority opinion split:
     
    • Some: Insufficient evidence to warrant reporting 
    • Others: Report 1950s-1960s models due to advanced age, difficult/expensive replacement parts
    • If reporting: Explain potential risks, recommend evaluation by qualified electrician
    • Note: Some electricians unaware of alleged problems

General Considerations

Client Communication:

  • Explain nature of alleged defects clearly
  • Provide context (age, availability of parts, safety concerns)
  • Recommend evaluation by electrician experienced with these panels
  • Some inspectors provide links to additional information/research

Key Takeaways

  • Federal Pacific Stab-Lok: Most widely recognized as problematic
  • Zinsco: Similar alleged defects to FPE
  • Bulldog Pushmatic: Split opinion on reporting (especially older models)
  • All are at/past end of service life
  • Circuit breaker function defects not visible during standard inspection
  • Recommend evaluation by qualified electrician familiar with these panels

For complete training with visual materials, practice exams, and certification support, visit nhiexamprep.com

Β© 2025 National Home Inspector Exam Prep Podcast. All rights reserved.