National Home Inspector Exam Prep Podcast

09 - DECKS (PART 2)

Charles Bellefontaine Season 8 Episode 9

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Part 2 continues our comprehensive deck coverage, focusing on support structures and framing—components that must work together to create a safe, durable deck.

Posts, footings, and beams:
- Recommended post materials (preservative-treated or naturally durable wood, Schedule 40 steel)
- Maximum post heights (14' for most wood, 8' for 4x4s)
- Beam construction (typically 2-3 members with joints over supports)
- Post-to-footing connections (post bases preferred over embedding in concrete)
- Footing sizing based on joist length and post spacing
- Frost line requirements (mandatory for attached decks)
- Beam support on top of posts (side attachment not acceptable by current standards)

Deck framing essentials:
- Floor joist span considerations (more restrictive than interior joists due to moisture)
- Joist attachment using appropriately-sized galvanized or stainless steel hangers
- Cantilever extension limits (span/4 or per joist span tables)
- Decking materials (2x6, 5/4x6, 5/4x4 wood; various composites, metal, plastics)
- Proper spacing (⅛" between boards for expansion and drainage)
- Attachment methods (screws preferred; ring shank nails acceptable)
- Special considerations for diagonal decking patterns

Bracing requirements:
- Parallel to beam: required for decks over 2' above ground
- Perpendicular to beam: required for free-standing decks
- Purpose: resist wind, seismic loads, and movement from use

Typical defects include improper joist attachment, inadequate fasteners in joist hangers, excessive spans, over-driven fasteners in decking, absent or improper bracing, deteriorated components, and rusted metal fasteners. Remember: cuts in pressure-treated lumber should be field-treated (though rarely done).

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