Father Knows Best Show
Father Knows Best is a locally produced Question and Answer show on Siouxland Catholic Radio 88.1 FM. The show is hosted by Father Mark Stoll. He is a priest in the Sioux City diocese, canon lawyer, and trained media person on air. The program airs on Wednesdays at 9pm.
Father Knows Best Show
Father Knows Best—Episode 39: Leaving Mass Early; Canon Law; Items in the Sanctuary; and the Stations of the Cross
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Episode #39 of Father Knows Best sponsored by St. Augustine Indian Mission in Winnebago, NE features Father Mark Stoll addressing questions about leaving Mass early, Canon Law, items in the sanctuary, and the Stations of the Cross.
Tune in tonight so we may discover, learn, and engage our hearts, souls and minds so we may be illuminated, informed and inspired. Please send your questions to fatherknowsbestshow@yahoo.com.
I have questions. I don't understand. I'm confused. What's going on? That's not what I learned in school. What does the church really teach? Welcome to Father Nose Bush, the studios of 88.1 FM, KFA C Pankasu City, and K O I A Storm Lake. Brought to you by the St. Augustine Indian Mission, Winnebago. We all have questions and the curiosity about manners of faith as it is normal for humanity to ask questions and seek answers in the timeless quest for understanding regarding manners of faith in the church. We believe that there is no such thing as a foolish or dumb question. And I say the only dumb question is the one that is not asked. And the reality is that the questions you have are like questions others have, and so it is good to ask. Sometimes an answer leads to more questions. Sometimes the questions and answers will lead us to insights we never considered. We at Sioux Lan Catholic Radio want to invite our listeners from Jackson, Nebraska to Elk Point, South Dakota, to Stromlink, Iowa, and everywhere in between and beyond, send your questions to us at Father Knows Best Show at Yahoo.com. Or mail them to Father Knows Best, Sioux Line Catholic Radio, 701 West Fifth Street, Sioux City, Iowa, 51103. During this time, once a week, I or another guest will do our best to answer some of the questions I've received here at the studio so we may discover, learn, and engage our hearts and souls and minds, so we may be illuminated, informed, and inspired. So I thank you for tuning in. We invite you to open your mind, let the questions begin, and let your curiosity find its voice. I'm Father Mark Stoll, Priest of the Diocese City with you again. And joining me once again this evening is Tim Sadine, the Executive Director of Student Catholic Radio, presenting some of the questions I received from your listeners. So, Tim, are you ready once again for another round of questions and answers?
SPEAKER_00I consider this just like to be in school, Father. Oh, yes. I'm auditing a class in college because it's just so interesting to sit here and listen for the answers that you've researched, and you do research them. I do. And it is just really exciting to hear another avenue towards increasing our faith.
SPEAKER_01And the good news is no quizzes or tests. That is good that there's no quizzes or tests.
SPEAKER_00Although you kind of give me quizzes off the air or something. I do.
SPEAKER_01So the only question the only question I'm going to ask you, Tim, is what is our first question for this evening? Okay. Of course, by the way, if you just mentioned that, you know, of course, Ann is here on the control board here, make sure we get on the air. So thank you, Ann. So what's our first question?
SPEAKER_00The first question is actually one of mine. And it is what are the consequences of leaving Mass right after you? The Eucharist? I see many people in my parish doing this. And the reason I have a personal connection to this is my wife is a cantor. And it annoys her when she sees people leaving before the music is over.
SPEAKER_01Amen. Thank you for that question. It's a wonderful question. Again, first place to start as we look at canon law. Canon 1246 mentions Sunday is to be observed as the foremost holy day of obligation in the universal church. And then next canon 1247 talks about Sundays and other holy days with obligations are bound, faithful are bound to participate in Mass. And so, again, tradition preserves this memory, this ever-timely exhortation that says, and we actually find this in the Catholicism and Catholic Church, paragraph 2178, this timeless exhortation says, Come to church early, approach the Lord, confess your sins, repent in prayer, be present at the sacred and divine liturgy, conclude its prayer, and emphasis begit, do not leave before the dismissal. So that's right in the Catechism Catholic Church, paragraph 2178. So again, there it is in black and white. The church has declared that we are not to depart mass before the dismissal. And again, those that dismissal comes with those final words of the priest or deacon, go forth, the mass is ended, or go on announce the gospel of the Lord, or go in peace, glorify the Lord by your life, or go in peace. And we respond, thanks be to God. And we talk about that, remember back in episode 17. So there is a firm custom that the people do not depart until the Pope or the priest or the bishop, whoever is presiding at that mass, has reverenced the altar and departed the church facility. And this is actually usually also includes the recessional hymn as being sung and concludes. And so I, as you mentioned about your your wife as a cantor, I know musicians find it disrespectful for people to depart while the final hymn of the mass is still being sung. And again, you know, the that hymn is part of the responses and part of the part of the mass, actually, even though we've just said go in peace. But again, it's it's important for us to be attentive to what's happened at Mass throughout Mass, including toward the final note of the of the hymn. And so now the question is what are the consequences of leaving Mass early? And again, we know that some people leave immediately after Holy Communion. There are some that leave the dismissal before the priest reverences the altar and departs, and then of course there are some that leave before the conclusion of the final hymn. And so the first question we need to ask part is why are people leaving early? Is there a health issue? Maybe this is the only mass they could attend and they need to get to work or catch a plane, or maybe there's a parish function that they need to assist with immediately right after Mass, such as breakfast, or maybe be available to people to visit with about a parish ministry event. Maybe the reason they're leaving Mass is because they truly believe that they have come to receive the host and Holy Communion and thus has fulfilled the obligations to attend Sunday Mass. Maybe they consider Mass too long. Maybe they want to avoid the announcements made after Mass. Maybe they want to be the first to get in line for the breakfast after Mass, or maybe the first out of the parking lot. Again, there's all sorts of reasons people may have. I don't know. We don't know. Um, however, you know, we know that the person may be, and I'm going to use, may be guilty of sin, as it has been declared by the church, as we see, I just mentioned earlier in the Catechism Catholic Church 2178, that we are not to leave before the dismissal. And so we, of course, may not know exactly why the person is leaving early. You know, maybe they have a good reason, maybe it's a poor reason. Obviously, we're not the final judge, and we must let God decide. However, the fact that people leave early may be a sign we need to also remind people, you know, what is expected. You know, for example, you know, as we may not leave, I mean, this is kind of probably normal custom for us, you know, we don't leave a family dinner until it's over. Uh, we don't maybe leave a good game until it's over, we don't leave a good movie or good show until it's over. Uh same way we must not or ought not be departing Mass before it's over. And sometimes we do hear priests and others who remind prisoners, you know, that the first person to leave Mass early was Judas, who departed last supper before supper was over. Or we've even heard some priests and others who maybe lock the doors of the church, probably not the best thing to do. Yet there are other ways, perhaps better ways, to encourage people not to leave early, including offering well celebrated liturgies, uh reminding them of what they're missing at the end of Mass, including this wonderful blessing. And again, it's like we're never convinced some people not to leave Mass early, as this has really been an issue even since the Last Supper. But what are people missing? At least we know the people when they leave Mass early, they are missing the wonderful prayer after Holy Communion. They are missing this final blessing, and maybe a shorter, solemn blessing done by the priest, and they're missing this final dismissal, official dismissal by the priest or deacon to go out into the world, to live what we've just done, to share the good news. And again, I think it goes back to we continue to remind people that you know what the church teaches and expects of us. Some people may not be aware, but again, Catholic Catholic Church 2178 says, We come to church early, we approach the Lord, confess our sins, repent in prayer, be present at the sacred and divine liturgy, conclude its prayer, and do not leave before dismissal, so as to receive the full benefits of the sacrament Eucharist.
SPEAKER_00Very good.
SPEAKER_01I hope that answers your question.
SPEAKER_00You know, one of the things that I've heard in talking to priests is that we miss that sense of community. Yes. And that parking lot, the back of church, that's the sense of community that they're probably missing. So maybe they're not missing any formal piece of the church, but they are. But they're definitely missing that piece of it.
SPEAKER_01And I think you're looking again the parish, the church family, it should be a family. And so again, it's it's really good for us to you know stick around and support one another in that family situation. So I totally agree. If you are just tuning in, you're listening to Father Knows Best here on Sue Line Catholic Radio, and I'm answering some of your questions about faith in the Catholic Church. I'm Father Mark Stoll, joined by Tim Sidine, who's presenting some of the questions I received from you. And so let's try a second question this evening.
SPEAKER_00I think this one's gonna come right down your alley, Father. Okay, and again, this is right from me. I hear many Catholics speak about canon law and its purpose. And the reason I say it's gonna be down your alley is I know you've studied canon law.
SPEAKER_01I've studied canon law.
SPEAKER_00Are Catholics who have studied canon law more inclined to know the current position of the church's teaching on issues? Why is it so important to have the canon law personnel at the diocese level?
SPEAKER_01Very good. That's a wonderful question. Again, first I think it's good to remind ourselves you know, what is the purpose of canon law? The purpose is to fulfill the discipline of the church regarding governance, pastor care, and the teaching for the salvation of souls. Uh Pope Celestine in year 429 stated that sacred ministers, that is, priests, are not be are not permitted to be ignorant of the sacred canons because ignorance of them is the mother of all heirs. Now, many of the canons address what the bishops and priests are to do or cannot do or you know can do. Other canons address the rights and obligations of the lay Christian faithful, or how parishes, institutions consecrate life, and other Catholic institutions and sacred places are to operate, how the sacraments are to be celebrated for validity. There's also, of course, consequences known as penal sanctions that follow violations of canon law. And there, of course, talks about how ecclesiastical courts and trials operate to decide on matters, you know, the truth of something that's been presented to the bishops of the church tribunals. Now, the one area that can law does not address is how liturgical rights and actions are celebrated. That's known as liturgical law. And again, we've talked about this in the past episodes where the general instruction of the Roman Missal is in liturgical law, talks about how the Holy Sacrament Mass is celebrated, for example. In the Catholic Church, of course, we have bishops and priests and laity who have earned degrees, either what we call a licentiate, as I have, or a doctorate. Again, those are degrees in Canon law from various pontifically approved schools, including the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., St. Paul University in Ottawa, Canada, and the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. And there are other places and opportunities, maybe even in a parish, that people may learn just a little more about the canon law if the class is offered. And so my answer to the first question is are Catholics who have studied canon law more inclined to know the current positions of Catholic Church teaching? The answer is yes and no. My answer is yes because knowing can law is helpful, especially knowing the rights and obligations, for example, the late Catholic faithful, such as, for example, Canon 204 talks about that we become a member of the late Christian faithful through baptism. It also points out that we are to be governed by the successor Peter and the bishops. In Canon 208, we says we are to build up the body of Christ according to each one's own condition and function. Canon 212 says we are to follow with Christ Christian obedience. That has been declared as matters of faith, and are also free to make known to pastors their needs, especially special needs and desires. In other words, thus knowing Can Law does help us to know how the church operates, what is expected of each of us in the church, and what is good for the building of the body of Christ. My answer also is no, because can law only deals with basically the discipline of the church regarding governance, pastoral care, and teaching, but salvation of souls. And so if we are not reading this uh or studying the scriptures or celebrating the sacraments or learning more about the history of the church and our faith, or developing stronger faith lives, then we're gonna miss out on some of the stuff that the church offers to us. We can look at the church kind of like standing on a three-legged stool. Um, tradition is the one leg. Again, this has been handed down from one generation to the next, since at least the time of Christ. We have scripture course, you know, again, what the authors have, uh, who have been inspired by the Holy Spirit to write down about their experiences with God since the time of creation until the days of his early church. And of course, then the third leg is the Magisturium, you know, what the leaders of the church have taught, you know, since the time of the apostles. Of course, this is Magisturian is of course where can law comes from, as it's based on tradition and scripture, and it does not can law does not cover all aspects of our faith in the church's teaching. Thus, knowing can law does give us some help to knowing the church's teaching, but doesn't address every church teaching. And we have to keep in mind too that can law can be misunderstood, even misinterpreted if it's not read, understood, or interpreted correctly according to the mind of the legislature, legislator, and that of course is the Pope. This is why, again, it's important we have personnel at the Dyson level who have degrees in canon law. These personnel known as canon lawyers have been trained to assist the bishop and others in the diocese to administer the diocese appropriately in union with the Pope. In fact, can law requires bishops to have at least one, if not more, canon lawyers in their diocese. And of course, most of the time, these canon lawyers are working for the diocese tribunal, which can handle many types of church matters with uh you know various adjudication of various matters, but most of the time they basically spent time adjudicating marriage annulment proceedings for people who have petitioned to have their marriages declared and valid. And of course, we also know that canon lawyers are also involved in assisting the bishop with the creation and issuing of various decrees. So many of these decrees, at least in 20 years or so, at least in the diocese of the city, have been involved in the merging of parishes in the past planning process. So canon lawyers are there to assist the bishop to ensure the process of merging parishes also is done according to the norms of canon law. And that includes, for example, before a parish can be merged with another, it proper consultation of the people and the presbyteral council needs to be done before the issuing of a proper decree. And in the diocese of city, we have seen some errors in the process that have resulted in the overturning of the bishop's decree because, you know, some error. But again, can lawyers are there to help with the appeals that the bishop makes, you know, to help, you know, maybe to overturn that uh appeal original appeal. In the diocese of city, we do have four active canon lawyers. Of course, that also includes Bishop Keener. We have two retired canon lawyers, and we have just one we have pre one priest just now beginning studies to become canon lawyers. So and right now they're all priests. Again, there can be also lay persons that are that become canon lawyers too. So knowing canon law is helpful in knowing the church's teaching. However, it's only one part of the church's teachings. We know we need to do more to know the current position of the church's teachings, you know, such as maybe on the death penalty or maybe what can constitutes a just war. Answers to these questions, for example, of uh you know, death penalty or just war, we're not gonna find in canon law, but we're gonna find those in scripture and the Catechism Catholic Church, various church documents, you know, from the popes and councils and other sources. So can lawyers are helpful to assist in the functioning of the church, to go up at every level every level to avoid errors and to promote the salvation of souls. But again, uh we only are focused on one area. That's why we need, you know, scripture scholars and histori historians and all sorts of other different people to help us to know the teachings of the church.
SPEAKER_00If I remember right, Father Michael Cronin is the one who just recently went over to see the process.
SPEAKER_01He has just begun, exactly.
SPEAKER_00And that's a two-year process?
SPEAKER_01It's actually a three-year process for the essential and a four-year for a doctorate.
SPEAKER_00Okay.
SPEAKER_01So it's it's intense.
SPEAKER_00Is he gonna fall into the three-year or a four-year process? He'll be in the three-year process.
SPEAKER_01Three-year process. Very cool. Okay. And really, if if you want to teach can law, then you're gonna need the doctorate. But the practice in the like say the tribunal, assist the bishop, a licentiate is sufficient.
SPEAKER_00Very interesting. Okay.
SPEAKER_01Let's try a third question.
SPEAKER_00Again, this is from me again. And if this is a multi-layered one, I'll read the whole question and then I'll come back and do it one at a time. Okie dokie. What is the significance of the various items in the sanctuary? Candles, flowers, credence table, sanctuary lamp. Let's start with candles.
SPEAKER_01All right. Well, I'm gonna back up just a little bit, but it's a wonderful question. Let's first start with just for clarification, what is a sanctuary? Okay. For anybody who might not know exactly what that is, that is an area of the church building where we find the altar. Um, it's kind of up front, usually one or two more steps higher than the main area of the church, which is actually known as the nave where all the pews are at, where the people sit. The sanctuary is a place, of course, where the priests and other ministers, including deacons, all of the services, spend most of the time during the celebration of Mass. It's an area known as the holy place due to what happens in this area. And again, the word sanctuary has been used for centuries, including back to the time of Moses, when he built the from the meeting tent to house the Ark of the Covenant during the 40 years that the Israelites journeyed in the desert after being uh freed from slavery in Egypt. So again, in the sanctuary, I'm going to smash a few other things while we're at it here. Uh you're going to find a bunch of furniture, including all this furniture has significance, and I'm just kind of using furniture kind of lightly because it's more significant than your couch or your lazy boy. The altar, of course, is in the usually in the heart of the sanctuary. It looks like a large table. Again, it sits in the center. That's where the body and blood of Christ, you know, are consecrated. You know the bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. There's another uh item known as amble, which looks like a left lectern or a pulpit or even a speaker stand where the word of God is proclaimed. We have chairs used by the priest and deacon, altar servers, and other ministers. Then there's also the the um credence table, and this table off to the side, which holds the very sacred vessels such as the chalices, water crude, finger bowl, finger towel, purificators, corporal, and communion patents. And one very important item in that um area in the sanctuary is the tabernacle. That is usually commonly a gold box with a locked door to keep safe the blessed sacrament. So you asked about candles. So candles again we're gonna see in various parts of the sanctuary, usually near the altar or the ambo. Those are items that are lit uh you know before mass begins or lit are light are burning during mass, extinguished after mass. Again, it's a reminder of the light of Christ. What was the next item that you taught you asked about? The flowers. Flowers. So again, just like we do in our homes, we like to decorate. Sure. And so those flowers are there again to enhance the beauty of the sanctuary. Uh it gives us even a little image of heaven. And so, again, it's it's a wonderful way to enhance the environment of the sanctuary. Again, we might see other decorations such as banners, but they're there again. It's about you know life. Sure. Showing life that we have life here with Christ. Your next item Credence table. Credence table. Actually, I just I mentioned that a little bit ago. Yeah, sorry about that. That's okay. That had it a little bit.
SPEAKER_00And then sanctuary lamp.
SPEAKER_01And the sanctuary lamp. So I mentioned the tabernacle. So someplace in the sanctuary, probably usually near the tabernacle, you're going to find a candle that burns. Usually it's in a red or a white globe, and those candles are made to burn maybe 14, uh, 7 to 14 days, depending on the size of the candle. And a new candle is lit when the previous candle burns out. But the importance of sanctuary light is that a candle is a reminder and a sign of the presence of the blessed sacrament that is present in the tabernacle. For example, after Holy Communion, any leftover hosts, consecrated hosts, are then placed in the tabernacle, you know, to be used to either give to the sick or maybe used at the next mass. But again, it reminds us that the blessed sacrament is present, and again, it reminds us that we can come in and we know that Jesus is truly present in at least the body of Christ there in the blessed sacrament, in the tabernacle. So that candle there is a remind us that Christ is there. And I should point out too that that sanctuary lamp burns 24 hours a day, seven days a week, except for three days, and that is those sacred pyridome days of Holy Thursday, Good Friday, and Holy Saturday when that candle is not burning because of the uh presence of the blessed sacrament has usually been moved out. Yep. But again, all these items, whatever all we've mentioned, is used, and this should be you know beautifully constructed and uh presented, are used to help us give glory and praise to God whenever we gather for Mass.
SPEAKER_00You know, it's one of those things that I think we've all seen since we were children, just never really understand the significance of them. Right.
SPEAKER_01So everything we use in church is is significant. Very good. Let's go for a fourth one tonight.
SPEAKER_00Okay. Again, they're probably getting tired of me, but this is from Tim Swadeen as well. Tim Swadeen asks a lot of questions.
SPEAKER_01The others are Asking the same questions, you are channel right.
SPEAKER_00I understand the stations of the cross represent the journey of Christ prior to his death. What is the faith significance of walking through these 14 steps during Lent?
SPEAKER_01Excellent. Next, we can actually walk through them at other times of year, but most commonly is during Lent. But the Station of the Cross, of course, you know, commonly done, done Lent, can be done any time of the year. This devotion helps us, those of us who participate, to essentially follow the path of Christ from Pontiapilate's Partorium where he Christ was condemned, all the way to Christ's tomb when he's buried. The history of this uh comes down to the 16th century when this devotion was officially entitled Villa del Rosa, which means sorrowful way. Also, this was called the Way of the Cross, or the Station's the Cross. And again, this is done by passing from what we call station to station. Again, from one event of Christ's walk from Pontius Pilate's Praetorium to the to the cross. Again, certain prayers and meditations are prayed, offered to each station on the various incidents depicted at each station. Again, these prayers and meditations, there are various authors that have produced these prayers, and so there's various versions that you can use, so there's no one right way. There's various versions you can use, and it's wonderful. So, what the Station's Cross allows us to do is to make a miniature pilgrimage to the holy places in Jerusalem. So there is a tradition that asserts that the Blessed Virgin Mary used to visit daily the scenes of Christ's Passion after, of course, his his death and resurrection ascension. Saint Jerome spoke of crowds of pilgrims from all countries going to visit the holy places in his day. In the early days of the church, by the time of Saint Jerome, that's again sometime between the year 342 and 420, Christians were traveling to Jerusalem to walk the path that Jesus would have walked, again, from the place where he was condemned to Mount Calvary. As early in the 5th century, they were developed the practice of setting up stations that represented, you know, the more important, you know, shrines of Jerusalem outside. You know, they're doing this either outside or inside the church buildings to help faithful who are not able to make this pilgrimage to Jerusalem and to make it in spirit. And so they're in a sense kind of making this spiritual pilgrimage to the chief scenes, key scenes of Christ's suffering and death. And then we see the introduction of indulgences being added. Granted probably around the 14th century, due to the Franciscans who the uh in 1342 guardianship of the holy places was entrusted. And so again, we can receive remission of sins, you know, for making these uh spiritual pilgrimage of the stations of the cross. In the year 1520, Pope Leo X granted indulgence of a hundred days for each set of scriptural or for each set of sculpted uh stations representing the seven sorrows of Mary. So again, there's various traditions that have been introduced over the years. But in short, this uh devotion to the way of the cross or the stations of the cross, again, which can be prayed either as a community, such as we often do in Lent, even by yourself during Lent or any time of the year you want to pray it. Sure. Um, it helps us to obey Christ's injunction to take up at the cross and follow him. It helps us experience Christ's suffering and love, helps us to join our sufferings to Christ, and even helps us to receive indulgences when we pray, that may the publicly or privately in any church. And again, if you pick up a uh a Stations of Cross booklet in the front, it might state what sort of indulgence is being offered and by you know whom. So again, look at those books. Um, there are wonderful versions out there. Pick one up, and you know, I think you know, take the time to go and do those stations of cross. Again, we see them you know either as pictures or statuary around the church, and in some locations there'll actually be stations posted outside, and so you can actually do an outside pilgrimage. But again, it helps us to make a pilgrimage, you know, following the what's footsteps of Christ to the cross.
SPEAKER_00You know, in the course of that walkthrough this, some of the art related to this, whether it's a sculpture or whether it's a painting on the wall or whatever, is very beautiful.
SPEAKER_01It is. Yes. I've heard people talk about some of the sculptures that we find some of our churches. It's like it's very well done. You see the expressions on people's faces and the pain and you can see the pain in Mary.
SPEAKER_00You can see the pain in Mary as she's sitting there by the bottom of the cross. That's incredible.
SPEAKER_01And there's different versions. I know some of our schools sometimes during Lent will actually call live stations where they have their kids act it out. So again, a wonderful opportunity for us again to follow and walk the uh the path of the city. Fantastic. Fantastic. I think that's gonna take care of us for this evening. So, how about Tim? Next uh um episode we plan to address maybe some questions about the significance of baking the Santa Cross with holy water, maybe helping the children remain Catholic. Yep. And let's maybe talk about a question about the consecration of Russia. So maybe talk about some more. We'll see what we can do. But again, thank you for uh tuning in, and we really appreciate you listening here at Sue and Catholic Radio as we offer both national and local programs, including Faith in Action Life Plan, Catholic Ministry Professionals, the Divine Mercy Chaplet, and Sunday morning mass. So please check out the Facebook pages for Sioux and the Catholic Radio and Father Knows Best for more information about this show, including more information about questions and answers that I've addressed, and more information I have not addressed in the show. As we wrap up today's question and answer session, we extend our heartfelt thanks to all of our listeners for tuning in and sharing your thoughtful folk and questions, your curiosity and engagement make this show possible. We're always inspired by an incredible range of topics to bring to the table. We hope you'll found the answers both informative and enlightening, and that you'll carry some of the new insights with you as you go about your week. If your question was not answered to this on this show, please listen maybe next week or week after, and we'll answer your question. If you missed this episode or would like to listen and re-listen to this episode or other episodes, please visit our website, so I think radio.com, visit our programs drop menu, and click on local programs to find this episode and other episodes of Father Knows Best and other local programs. Again, if you have any questions, besides my friend Tim here, I know you got questions out there. Please send them to me at Father Knows Best Show at Yahoo.com or mail them to Father Knows Best, Sudan Catholic Radio, 701 West Fifth Street, Sioux City Iowa, 51103. And thank you to our sponsor, San Augusta Indian Mission, Winnebago. Please join us again next Wednesday at 9 p.m. for another round of questions and answers. Till then, stay curious, stay faithful, keep your light shining, and keep those questions coming. From Father Mark Story Host sign off, wishing you a great week ahead. May mighty God bless you, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Amen.