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What Space Travel Can Teach Us About Earth’s Water Crisis
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In this episode of The Impact Series, host Mike Collignon talks with Dr. Sybil Sharvelle of Colorado State University about the future of water in an increasingly dry West—and what we can learn from an unlikely source: space travel.
From developing water recycling systems for long-duration space missions to advancing water reuse here on Earth, Sharvelle explores how circular water systems, produced water, decentralized solutions, and more efficient agricultural practices could help communities adapt to growing water constraints.
The conversation also dives into the critical water-energy-food nexus, the challenges facing the Colorado River basin, and why using and reusing water locally may be one of the most important strategies for the future.
Subscribe to The Impact Series for conversations with the innovators shaping a more sustainable, resilient future.
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Hello, and welcome to the Impact series on the Green Builder Media Network. I'm your host, Michaelign. On this podcast, I'll have one-on-one conversations with leaders and innovators from a wide variety of disciplines. We'll talk about how they got into their field, the lessons they've learned, and advice they have for future generations of leaders. Today I'm joined by Dr. Sybil Sharvel. She is a professor in the Civil Environmental Engineering Department at Colorado State University and a founding member of the One Water Solutions Institute. Her doctoral work included the development of a system for treatment of graywater for potable reuse during space missions. Dr. Charvel was a member of the National Research Council Committee for Beneficial Use of Grey Water and Stormwater. She's also technical director of the Colorado State University Spur Campus Water Technology Accelerator Platform, which is a cutting-edge facility for testing water treatment technologies with different water sources. Sybil, welcome to the Impact series.
SPEAKER_03Well, thank you, Mike, for having me. It's my pleasure.
SPEAKER_04You know, as we progress through these summer months, uh, you know, things are getting drier and drier out west. And if you live out there, which you do, or you pay attention to environmental headlines, then you know that water supply is of great concern to millions of people right now. And it's not just having enough water to drink, it's also about having enough water to generate power. Now we're going to get into all that in just a little while, but first, uh, I want to let our audience know that you gave an incredible keynote speech at the 2026 Next Generation Water Summit. And it really gave our audience a glimpse into how you became who you are today. So I'd like to take my podcast listeners back to when you were a young girl growing up in Indiana. Can you tell our listeners a little bit about where your appreciation for the water first started? Because I think a lot of people, no matter their geographic location, can kind of relate.
SPEAKER_03Great. Thank you. So my appreciation for water and the environment really came from early childhood. And um, during my keynote speech, I mentioned that this place that my father used to take me that we called our secret place, it was um kind of a small waterfall area in rural Indiana. It's a part of a little bit in southern Indiana where we have where there were some um, you know, hills and things of the sort. And that's where we had our lake cottage that my um dad would take us to on the weekends while my mother was studying in law school. And um we would go there every weekend um and kind of always go to this special place where there was this really pretty waterfall and just sit and watch it. And um, I really from that enjoyed having that experience of being able to be out there in the environment and just the sound of running water, I think, is is such a calming sound. And um, I think that really just made me appreciate water, the environment, and then also, you know, always be able to have spaces like that to be able to kind of um have that relaxation time.
SPEAKER_04And you know, what a journey it has taken you on. I mean, it's it's quite incredible. Um, and like I said, I got a chance to kind of hear your story. It's partly why I wanted you on the podcast was for you to be able to share that story. For me, there were kind of really two compelling reasons. The first is your work with the space program. Now, not how many people get that opportunity, and and while everything involved with those missions is important, I mean, you are working on a life-supporting system that has to ratchet up the pressure even more than maybe some of the other components of the mission. Can you give us a sense of what that was like?
SPEAKER_03So I was working on um water recirculation for the International Space Station and long-duration space missions. And if you can envision in a setting like that, if you lose 1% of your water source every day, then after 100 days, you're out of water. So that was a constraint to really be thoughtful of. And it means that any long-duration space mission or even shorter up to the International Space Station really has to have in place some kind of water recirculation. It just becomes impossible to transport enough water at the weight of water to be able to support human life during these missions over extended periods. So you really have to have um water recirculation systems, and those systems have to be highly reliable and provide safe water all the time. So working within those constraints of um having to be very thoughtful about water losses as well as the safety of the water really put additional constraints on the system that I think promoted innovation and thinking in this way of circular systems. And I think, you know, as where we are, you kind of mentioned the the heat and and drought that we have in the West. And where we are is we're getting closer to having those kind of constraints here on Earth where where we can't afford to lose water and have to think about things in the circular system and be as efficient as possible with our water systems while also ensuring human safety and reliability of those systems.
SPEAKER_04Yeah, I mean I used to make this joke when I would give presentations. Uh, you know, it's not like there's a giant straw, right, that we can just send up to the space station to channel water up there. There's no water truck coming by to drop off water. They really have to figure out how to account for every drop up there, don't you?
SPEAKER_03Yeah, that's the thing. You have to there's that's you have to think about, you know, plan for every single drop of water you need, plus then some. And and like I said, even like thinking about a 1% of water loss per day doesn't sound like a lot. But then when you think about it in terms of a hundred days, it's it's a lot. So everything matters. And you know, for example, example, membrane treatment systems. You pass water through and you can get really clean water on on the outlet side, but oftentimes there's this reject water, and you may lose 20% of your water in a system like that. So you have to really think about systems where you can recover all of the water possible.
SPEAKER_04Is there ever a time where they do send up uh fresh water, so to speak? Is that ever a possibility?
SPEAKER_03They they do send fresh water, and especially with uh the current International Space Station missions or the ones that happened, you know, kind of in the time frame that I was doing my doctoral work, um, they carried up all of the water actually that they needed, and space shuttles would come up periodically to replenish with fresh water. It was just kind of as we think about longer duration missions and missions to Mars and things where um there's not possible to deliver extra water. You'd have to bring some water. But like I just said, if you think about the volume and weight requirements of water, it really has to be a small quantity in order to um be able to uh be transported.
SPEAKER_04And to give our listeners a little bit of a sense, uh a gallon of water weighs somewhere between seven and eight pounds, is that right?
SPEAKER_03Yes, that's correct.
SPEAKER_04Yeah.
SPEAKER_03So just 6.7, if I remember correctly.
SPEAKER_04But yeah, so I mean it's giving a sense of uh just the the weight that you're you're referring to.
SPEAKER_02Yeah, think about when you go on a backpacking trip and you want to take a gallon of water with you, it's a lot of weight. Um, it adds a lot of weight to your backpack. So that's I and that's you know, thinking about getting through a day or two with a gallon of water is hard to even envision, but yeah.
SPEAKER_04Yes, yes. Um, and uh to me, uh it feels like the the space station would be the prime example of the viability of reuse systems, you know. Uh hey, you help keep people alive on the space station, right? Like it isn't that the the best example you can give for why reuse systems would be not just viable but feasible here on Earth.
SPEAKER_03Yes, I mean I think that there's a long history of advancements and the space program and how those have um been not only applicable to space missions, but have translated into um impacts in uh in many other areas. And I think this is a really good example of that, where um really we started challenging ourselves to think about these circular water systems and recirculation of water and you know, reuse of it to the highest extent possible because of this constraint of space missions. But then that now translates into knowledge and a way of thinking that is becoming really important here on Earth as we continue to face many challenges.
SPEAKER_04And obviously, you need the proper filtration and treatment systems in place as well. But I just I always kind of scratch my head anytime I hear any pushback to reuse systems, again, on Earth, because I'm like, uh, we figured out how to make it happen up there. I think we can figure it out down here. It just yeah.
SPEAKER_03Yes. Well, and that you know, I always say the you and then this day and age, we have treatment technology to take any water source, literally any water source, and treat it to potable quality or higher. So we can achieve whatever we want in terms of level of treatment and removal of contaminants and make water safe. Um, so we have the technical know-how to do these systems. And it's more about now um making them efficient, ensuring that they're reliable and learning how to measure and monitor that they're performing how they were designed to. Um, so it's really about getting people comfortable with the concept and ensuring our systems are completely reliable.
SPEAKER_04And there's a certain element of this that it comes down to dollars, right? The financial, right? Saying, okay, yes, it's possible, but that cost versus the cost of another option is also a lot of times that gets weighed in policymakers' minds, right?
SPEAKER_03Certainly. And and in people's minds as well. Um, I know for a lot of water recycling programs throughout the country where um cities are taking their treated wastewater and um treating it, polishing it for use for irrigation, um, that's actually more costly than supplying potable water to those users. Um, but they kind of have to charge a lot of times prices that are competitive with the potable water supply charges. Now I think when things really start to change is when there's not a water right or water available to be purchased for that end use. And then um people become willing to pay more for the water because they don't have another option.
SPEAKER_04Do you, I mean, just looking into your crystal ball, um do you see reuse systems catching on faster in places that are more reliant on well water or not?
SPEAKER_03Hmm. Well, that's a good question. Um places that have well water, especially because that well water often is it's people, there's a lot of issues with people, you know, continuing to try to get deeper wells and deeper wells and running out of water. So that that could serve as a driver. Um, but urban areas are also a huge area where this is developing because the urban areas are not able to develop further without bringing in additional water sources, which is many times impossible, or doing something to locally recirculate water and create local water sources. So I think that both of those are um equally important areas where we're starting to see a lot of challenges um with respect to obtaining water and then seeing drivers for uh water recycling systems.
SPEAKER_04And I feel like I keep saying this phrase in like every conversation I have with my colleagues in the water industry, but and then there's this looming Colorado River Compact decision, right? Like that looms over a lot of what's going on out in the West, and it certainly ties into your work, not just in reuse systems in general, but another topic um that we're gonna talk about in just a little bit. Um, I did want to ask a question. Uh, you're a founding member of the One Water Solutions Institute. Can you tell us a little bit about that organization and their mission?
SPEAKER_03Yeah. So the One Water Solutions Institute at Colorado State University was really designed as an outward-facing institution that is intended to solve real-world problems related to water and water quality. One Water Solutions Institute really works on problems from urban to rural. So we work on urban water systems and efficiency of water there, as well as um in the agricultural sector and water quality and water availability within the agricultural center. So um the intent is again kind of um a little bit different than traditional academic uh settings where a lot of um you know fundamental research is conducted. At One Water Solutions Institute, we really seek to collaborate with um utilities, agricultural producers, um, organizers um in communities and within the agricultural sector to understand the problems and bring real-world solutions to those problems based on some of the cutting-edge research that we're doing here.
SPEAKER_04Okay. Okay. I wanted to make sure certainly our listeners understood what that was too, because um you're tackling big issues. And the other big reason that I wanted to talk with you is your research into produced water. Now, before we even get into that topic, let's first define that term so everyone knows what it is that we're talking about here.
SPEAKER_03Okay, so produced water is a um water that's produced during uh oil and gas extraction. So if you're familiar at all with the process called hydrofracking, that's where um basically the oil and gas industry uses very high pressure water to crack into wells that weren't originally before that technology became about um those the oil and gas in those wells was not available readily. So this technology has opened up additional oil and gas resources. Um after this water is kind of used for injection, it becomes a wastewater source, um, but that can be cleaned up and essentially reused for many different um applications. So um the first most simple process is there's oil water separation, and the oil at the top can be skimmed off, and a lot of time that's collected for use. And then the remaining product is the produced water that again can go through various different treatment steps for beneficial use. Um, so there's more and more um kind of impetus in this industry, I think, for on that produced water to be put to beneficial uses.
SPEAKER_04Okay. So you know, this is a a bit controversial on a couple of fronts. Obviously, if if we have a sizable quantity of produ of produced water that we're looking to do, you know, something with, that means we're using more fossil fuels and not less. So there's that. Um the other thing that is I'll say challenging um is that there are you know videos out there that that show people being able to light the water on fire due to some of the elements that exist in the water. But as I said at the top, the West is getting desperate. It's a really dire situation out there, so all options kind of have to be on the table to be discussed and considered. And I've talked with other guests on this podcast about the impending conclusion to the Colorado River Compact negotiations, how that kind of looms over the western third of the United States. The states out there are gonna have to reduce their withdrawals from the river, so they're understandably looking elsewhere for water sources. I I got that mostly right, right?
SPEAKER_03Yes, you did. Okay.
SPEAKER_04So for those of you who are listening to this and going, Oh my gosh, uh, produce water. You maybe you're not living out west, or or if you are, um you you have to understand just how dire the outlook is out there. I mean, read about Lake Paul, Lake Mead, and just the the very nervous situation that people are in when it comes to the generation of hydropower uh reaching Deadpool levels. Uh, this has a pun intended ripple effect across millions of people. So you can understand why this is being discussed as a viable solution, but I guess I do want to ask a couple of questions because you are very much into the research of this. You're not necessarily selling this, you're just simply researching this to understand is this viable, and if so, how is it viable? So, my first question is how does the water that's that deep, how does it ever get sufficiently recharged in a dry climate like that?
SPEAKER_03So, are you referring to like the water that is getting extracted for the hydrofracking?
SPEAKER_04Yeah, yeah, the stuff that's that's really deep down.
SPEAKER_03And how does it ever get recharged?
SPEAKER_04Yeah, because I mean, obviously, groundwater recharge is something we even deal with in the Midwest, right? But we're not talking about something maybe at the depths that what you're talking about with hydrofracking process. So how do you how do you even sufficiently recharge that water?
SPEAKER_03Right. So that's I mean, that's a that's a real problem, is that and and then especially in the West, is that we continue extracting water from our wells at rates higher than they can be replenished by the natural system. So we are not getting enough precipitation and enough groundwater recharge from other pathways to sufficiently recharge. So our groundwater levels keep decreasing, decreasing, decreasing. Um, so it's it's very challenging to be able to ever recharge those kinds of wells. Um and you know, traditionally, what the oil and gas industry was doing, so the alternate to beneficial use of this produced water was to reinject it back into um wells where confined aquifers, meaning that there's something surrounding it that it can't transport out. But then that water just gets reinjected back into the earth in a place that it's not useful and can never be accessed. Um, whereas if we take water that produced water and treat it to some kind of beneficial use, we're gonna extract less groundwater or other water sources, and we're gonna have, you know, more water available for our use essentially.
SPEAKER_04In either process, and I'm not an expert on hydrofacting at all, okay? So I asked this question very genuinely. In either process, either you're putting it back on the confined aquifer or you're using the produced water for beneficial use, is there a risk of subsidence, land subsidence at all in either of those processes?
SPEAKER_03Yes. So and that was happening. I I am not an expert on this, so I'm just gonna speak a little bit anecdotally here. But um, that was particularly happy on the east with some of the um hydrofracking operations there, where when they were um reinjecting some of the water into certain areas, it was changing geological formations and causing some subsidence. And um, I think that the oil and gas industry, to the best of my knowledge, has kind of um gotten their heads around that issue and and overcome a lot of those issues related to to um like some of the earthquakes and things that were happening because of the reinjection. Um, that was new technology and and new things. And I think the industry has learned a lot and and figured out how to avoid that kind of issue. All of that having been said, um, you know, in the in the alternate where we take produced water and put it to a beneficial use, we are avoiding that process of reinjecting into these um areas that cause that issue.
SPEAKER_04Okay. Okay. And then the other question was on the energy side. So energy water nexus is a very real thing. Whether you're talking about produced water or anything else, since this they're intricately tied together. So how does the energy footprint of produced water compare to other alternative water sources?
SPEAKER_03So are you asking like if we're to treat that water for beneficial use of it, how is the energy input of that compared to like maybe taking municipal wastewater and treating that? Is that the question?
SPEAKER_04Yeah, I mean, uh you look at the the produced water process, right? You've got to extract, you've got to treat and then and then pump it to somewhere for beneficial use, uh, as opposed to other alternative water sources like uh a gray water system, uh black water system, uh rainwater systems, or at the municipal level, you're right. Yes, you can you know kind of reuse at a municipal level. I'm just trying to figure out because uh one thing I didn't share with our listeners is that you do focus also on decentralized water systems, and so I I in this giant mix of where are we going to find the water? I'm just I'm just kind of curious on the energy footprint side for some of these different options that the West is looking at.
SPEAKER_03Okay. Um lots of different things to consider with that question. So, first, it does take a lot of energy to treat produced water to be a quality for beneficial use. Um there are organic portions that are left in there, a lot of salts. Um, so often treatment is gonna re is gonna include some kind of desalination process, removing of the salts, and also some kind of process for removing organic constituents. Um, it is a rather energy intensive process. Now, that having been said, I I would be of the opinion that every industry needs to do their part to to um to make use of water sources. And I'm I I like to say that I'm an advocate for use of local water sources. So for me, um, the best way to make use of produced water is to use it close to where it's generated. So potential end uses then become well, you can actually use that water again for the injection process, which is the most common application of produced water is that it's recirculated, recycled, kind of or recirculated on site. So they're not extracting more water from wells to do the fracking, but they're using the same water. That's kind of the minimum, I think, that that should be um kind of uh uh encouraged, um promoted at these sites. And Colorado has actually uh put in place a moratorium that requires a certain percentage of sites to be meeting then up, you know, 100% by a certain year. I forgot the year, but um basically that's policy in Colorado that the sites have to do that. Um and that if they they have a time period in which to implement that. That is not gonna take the they're not gonna um, you know, there's still more water left after the even they do that on-site or circulation. So there's options like there's nearby agricultural facilities or fields to to many of these oil and gas production sites where they can make use of that water. Um I'm working with the oil and gas industry right now where they have to restore land back to its natural state after they do the oil and gas extraction activities. So um, they're looking at making use of that water to irrigate native vegetation and kind of um do ecological restoration projects after they leave the site. I think that's another really local beneficial use of that. Now, when we talk about the energy for all of that, any one of those examples compared to, for example, like a laundry to landscape gray water system where you're taking water from your laundry machine and diverting it out to a drip irrigation system in the yard, clearly that's a much lower energy option. But I think the important thing to consider is the local use of water and not transporting it far. So um there's a lot of you know, there's a lot of uses near a produced water site that that could be beneficial.
SPEAKER_04Right. And also there's the quality, right? The the quality you're talking about with with um uh a hydrofragging situation versus the laundry landscape, uh totally different scale of of water, you'd have to be talking about neighborhoods doing laundry landscape, which I'm gonna do.
SPEAKER_03Perhaps a small town, for example.
SPEAKER_04Right, and you can do it, but at the same time, it's it's a transformative uh activity for that municipality to say, okay, everybody's going to laundry landscape. And right, uh my experience has been the farther west you go, the more people don't want to listen to necessarily that the government says you have to do this. Uh so that may be a challenge to transform a community in that way.
SPEAKER_03Uh yes, definitely.
SPEAKER_04Um is there a difference in what you have seen? And and admittedly, you you aren't a hydrofacking expert. Is there a difference in the eastern methodology of hydrofacking versus the western? Are there any different practices there, or do they kind of stay pretty consistent?
SPEAKER_03I honestly don't know the answer to that because I do all of my work in the West. I haven't I have not even talked to or been to a facility on the east coast, so I really can't answer that question. Sorry.
SPEAKER_04No, no, it's okay. And I I'm curious too, like to the water part, uh, and that's so much the the process of the hydrocrafting, but on the water side of things, are the uh you know, out east, what are they doing with it? Like, are they are they thinking about these things as well? Like the West is because it's not as pressing.
SPEAKER_03I have not actually heard of um people talking about using produced water at any of those east coast facilities in the way that we're talking about it here in the west, because where the oil and gas extraction is happening is also in really extreme arid regions of of the west here. Um, so there that there's so many drivers to to be thinking about that water and how it can be beneficially used.
SPEAKER_04Yeah. So you are a professor, correct? Correct. And you're a mentor to others as well. Um, so what's what's the biggest piece of advice that you have for the next generation of leaders?
SPEAKER_03Um, so one piece of advice I would have is is just think about everything in terms of efficiency and circular systems. See where you can achieve efficiency and where you can achieve this concept of circularity, but but the there's a there's a balance and there's trade-offs and and and some parts of circularity may not always be efficient. So we have to be mindful about all of those decisions and how we think about um circular systems and recirculation and making sure that we are always striving for the system that is as efficient from possible as efficient as possible in thinking about what you've alluded to a lot today is this kind of water energy nexus. And um, I had a program on the food energy water nexus and really thinking about those connections between our systems and thinking about things holistically, not just, you know, let's make sure this two drops of water gets recirculated from start to finish, but um, let's make sure we're thinking about circularity where we can and and being cognizant of the efficiency and the connections to the holistic system with um food, energy, and water.
SPEAKER_04Well, and you bring up food, energy, and water. I mean, that's a topic that I haven't gone into yet on this podcast is is food and food security. Um, and we talked a little bit about at the summit, but not much on agriculture. Uh, we certainly get asked about a lot. Oh, you're gonna talk about agriculture here because you know, of the water that's used for agriculture. Um you need the food, but food needs water, so it's it's a very challenging thing when it comes to the western half of the United States. So I I'm I'm curious about your work in that space as well, because you're right, the locality makes a lot of difference, right? If you can really reduce your energy footprint the closer you operate, as opposed to, oh, let's have a pipeline and send it hundreds of miles, right? Um, that's a big energy footprint there. And so from the food perspective, and and if we can kind of talk a little bit about the food and the water part, what are you seeing in in that space um to possibly have more water efficient farming practices?
SPEAKER_03Uh, there's a lot of work at Colorado State University and and many universities, um, but there's a lot of work here on irrigation efficiency and finding approaches to to water crops more efficiently, but also management, crop management strategies um that uh that that are beneficial for the water and soil system and kind of some of these um sustainable agriculture practices. Um Colorado State happens to have a lot of this research because we're the Colorado Land Grant University and have a school of agriculture and have really engaged in this, but there are so many um practices coming along, and more and more um agricultural producers are are being willing to try these things because they they see the risk in in water and the scarcity of water and what that means for their industry uh as well. So there's there's so many things that can be done. And I think that we are starting to see more adoption of some of those water efficient practices and um irrigation systems, as well as, like I said, management strategies that that work toward better management of the soil and the water to reduce the water requirements that are needed for irrigation. Um, so there's there's a lot there. Um, you had mentioned the locality issue. And I think um an important consideration here in the West is that this is where we uh have a lot of animal feeding operations. And um so far we're you know, we're we are a world that consumes beef and animal products, and um the feed for those animals is mostly grown locally in this region. So people will say, why why grow corn and wheat and in Colorado and some of these places and you should be growing other crops? And and we I think we do need to take a holistic look at our agriculture systems and and see what can be done. But I think an important part of this problem is that our animal feeding operations reside in the arid west. And um, and if we wanted to transport that feed from somewhere else, then we have a huge energy consideration there with that transfer because it's really heavy. So the idea is to grow the crops locally to meet those needs of the animal farming industry.
SPEAKER_04While also balancing growing crops that are climate appropriate too. That's right.
SPEAKER_03Yeah. So it's it's it's a it's a complex and wicked problem. And I think that there are probably there are things that could be done to try and see, you know, what are what are crops that would um be highly efficient in in this kind of climate that we have and would reduce our water requirements. But you know, we have to do all of that with the balance of considering, you know, the industries that are here and how they need to be supported.
SPEAKER_04Right. And I don't want to skip over something that you just hit on, which was that you're seeing farmers are willing to learn about new methodologies because uh I have some farmers in my extended family, and they can sometimes be a little resistant to change. Um, you know, they they've learned from previous generations and they are used to that. Um, and to get them out of their comfort zone can be a little bit of a challenge, but you're seeing, you know, the people, you know, uh an industry that's starting to kind of say, hey, I I think we kind of need to do this or we're willing to do this. And uh just from a personal perspective, I've started to see a little bit of a mind shift in oh, maybe we need to consider this, that, or the other thing. So uh in some ways, I want to give credit to the farming industry to to say, hey, thank you for opening up your mind to some new ideas and new new approaches, because if not, we would be even in a worse situation.
SPEAKER_03Right. I think that like I said, they recognize there's a risk. And agricultural producers are stewards of the land. When the land is in a bad condition, they can't do what they need to do. Right. To to produce crops and and make their income. So um, they do have a care for the environment and they do have an understanding that they need water. So I think that um just the kind of the conditions, current conditions of our world are are starting to drive a lot of changes that maybe we weren't seeing 20 years ago.
SPEAKER_04Yeah, yeah. No, I I agree with you. And uh it's it's encouraging to see, but at the same time, you wonder how fast we have to do it, right? Like how much time do we have before things start getting really, really dire.
SPEAKER_03That's the important part.
SPEAKER_04Yeah. Well, Sybil, thank you so much for joining me on the program. I really do appreciate it.
SPEAKER_03Yeah, well, thank you so much for having me. I really appreciate you taking the time to interview me today and uh talk about these interesting topics. So um, thanks so much.
SPEAKER_04Dr. Sybil Sharvel, everyone. Stay tuned for more episodes of the Impact Series podcast on the Green Builder Media Network. I'm Mike Kalignan, and I'll see you again soon.
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