The Use of Virtual Reality Simulations to Train Nurses - N595

This podcast summary of NurseCE4Less course N595, examines the role of virtual reality (VR) simulation as a modern solution for nursing education and clinical training and highlights how immersive digital environments allow practitioners to sharpen their clinical judgment and technical skills without risking patient safety. 

The course describes various technological tools, such as standalone headsets and AI-driven platforms, which offer customizable feedback to bridge the gap between theory and real-world practice. Additionally, the sources outline the logistical and ethical considerations necessary for implementing these programs, including data privacy and the need for faculty training. By addressing current challenges like clinical site shortages and nurse burnout, the material presents VR as an essential component for future-proofing the healthcare workforce. Use cases from institutions like Purdue Global further demonstrate the measurable improvements in student confidence and exam performance resulting from this technology.

The NurseCE4Less Podcast delivers concise, engaging audio summaries of continuing education topics designed for busy Nurse professionals.

Each episode highlights key insights from accredited CE courses available on NurseCE4Less, covering essential clinical updates, emerging healthcare topics, and practical knowledge professionals can apply in their daily practice.

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NurseCE4Less has helped over one million healthcare professionals meet their continuing education needs with affordable, accredited courses for over 20 years.  To receive CE credit for this course, visit www.NurseCE4Less.com.

Transcript

SPEAKER_02 0:03

Welcome to the Nurse CE for Less Continuing Education Podcast. Each episode provides an engaging podcast style overview of individual continuing education courses to enhance your learning experience. These episodes utilize Notebook LM's Deep Dive AI audio to provide a podcast style conversation. To receive CE credit for this course, please visit nursece.com. Use promo code podcast15 to receive 15% off an unlimited CE plan.

SPEAKER_00 0:38

So picture this.

SPEAKER_03 0:46

Never good sound.

SPEAKER_00 0:47

Right. And your nurse is leaning over you, about to administer this really high-stakes life-saving injection.

SPEAKER_03 0:54

And they probably look incredibly calm, you know, their hands are perfectly steady.

SPEAKER_00 0:58

Exactly. But what you don't know is that they have already botched this exact procedure and, well, flatlined a hundred different patients before they ever walked into your room.

SPEAKER_03 1:07

Aaron Powell Except, of course, those previous patients weren't actually real.

SPEAKER_00 1:10

No, they were digital avatars in this completely simulated, artificially intelligent virtual ward.

SPEAKER_03 1:16

It's wild. It completely flips the traditional model of medical education on its head. I mean, we are finally moving away from the terrifying prospect of practicing on actual humans.

SPEAKER_00 1:26

Which, thank goodness.

SPEAKER_03 1:28

Right. We're shifting toward this highly immersive, unlimited practice in a totally zero-risk digital environment.

SPEAKER_00 1:34

And that is the absolute core of our deep dive today. We are exploring this fascinating body of research authored by Dr. Allison Russo.

SPEAKER_03 1:42

It's a great paper.

SPEAKER_00 1:43

It really is. It details exactly how virtual reality is radically transforming the way we train our medical frontline.

SPEAKER_03 1:50

Aaron Powell Yeah, we're gonna unpack the century-long history of clinical simulations, the uh cutting-edge tech that literally tricks a nurse's brain into feeling genuine panic.

SPEAKER_00 2:01

Oh, the panic is real. And we'll get into the psychological impact of wearing these headsets, plus the very real physical and data hurdles of digitizing healthcare education.

SPEAKER_03 2:11

Aaron Powell Because whether you work in healthcare or you're simply a future patient, which is literally every single person listening to this, understanding how that nurse at your bedside was trained directly impacts the quality of care you're gonna receive. Aaron Powell Absolutely. Trevor Burrus If the person holding the needle has already seen, you know, every possible chaotic variation of your emergency in a simulator, your odds of survival change drastically.

SPEAKER_00 2:34

Aaron Powell Because historically, traditional nursing training sounds a bit like learning to swim by, I don't know, being thrown into the deep end of the ocean in the middle of a storm.

SPEAKER_03 2:43

Aaron Powell That's a pretty accurate way to describe it, honestly.

SPEAKER_00 2:45

Aaron Powell Right. Like you study the heavy textbooks, you shadow some doctors during clinical rounds, and then suddenly you're dealing with a real breathing human being experiencing a real medical crisis.

SPEAKER_03 2:56

Aaron Powell And there's no pause button.

SPEAKER_00 2:58

Exactly. So if the stakes in a hospital are literally life and death, why did it take us until the 2020s to find a sandbox mode for nurses to practice in?

SPEAKER_03 3:09

Well, it really comes down to this collision of historic bottlenecks and technological limitations. For decades, nursing programs have faced just massive logistical nightmares.

SPEAKER_00 3:20

Aaron Powell Like finding places for them to practice.

SPEAKER_03 3:22

Yeah, there are only so many clinical placements available in real hospitals. And then you have severe safety concerns and the obvious ethical wall. I mean, you simply cannot practice high-risk procedures repeatedly on living patients. You can't hit a reset button on a human body. Now, the desire for a sandbox isn't new. The earliest version of clinical simulation actually dates back to 1911.

SPEAKER_00 3:45

Wait, 1911? What did they even use back then?

SPEAKER_03 3:48

Literal physical mannequins. Sometimes they were just stuffed with rags just to give students a physical form to practice, like basic bandaging and positioning on.

SPEAKER_00 3:57

Wow, rags.

SPEAKER_03 3:58

Yeah, super basic. Fast forward to the 1990s, and we started seeing the first computer models. But that early tech was incredibly clunky.

SPEAKER_00 4:07

I can imagine.

SPEAKER_03 4:08

It was screen-based, astronomically expensive, and about as immersive as playing a vintage arcade game. It definitely wasn't preparing anyone's nervous system for the chaos of a real trauma ward.

SPEAKER_00 4:19

But the research points to a very specific tipping point where ambition finally met necessity, and that was the COVID-19 pandemic.

SPEAKER_03 4:26

Oh, absolutely. The pandemic forced a total unavoidable educational reckoning. Practically overnight, hospitals went into strict lockdown to contain the virus. In-person clinical rotations for nursing students were shut down completely. Suddenly, you had a whole generation of nursing students stranded in the pipeline, unable to get the required hands-on hours to graduate.

SPEAKER_00 4:47

Which is terrifying because the entire healthcare system was already facing a massive staffing shortage.

SPEAKER_03 4:52

Exactly. The pipeline just froze. So they had to pivot to virtual reality, not as this cool experiment, but as a desperate lifeline. And the adoption rate was explosive. VR usage in nursing programs surged by a staggering 300% by 2022.

SPEAKER_00 5:09

300%. That is insane. But it isn't just a temporary band-aid, though. The really surprising part of this research is what happened to the nurses who learned this way.

SPEAKER_03 5:19

The outcomes were incredible.

SPEAKER_00 5:20

Yeah, the data shows that VR trained nurses exhibited a 20 to 30% better performance in clinical judgment compared to traditional training.

SPEAKER_03 5:27

Which is huge. It turns out when you give someone the ability to practice a high volume of scenarios without burning out their human instructors.

SPEAKER_00 5:35

And without the paralyzing anxiety that they might accidentally kill a real patient.

SPEAKER_03 5:39

Exactly. They actually learn faster. It builds massive psychological safety. They can run a code blue drill 50 times in a single afternoon. You just can't do that with physical resources.

SPEAKER_00 5:51

Right. I look at it like a flight simulator for pilots. Like it we would never tolerate a pilot flying a 747 with 300 passengers on board if they'd only ever read a book about aerodynamics.

SPEAKER_03 6:02

We demand that they feel the turbulence in a multimillion dollar simulator first.

SPEAKER_00 6:06

Exactly. But I have to push back here because flying a plane involves pushing buttons and pulling levers on a machine. Nursing is inherently intimately physical.

SPEAKER_03 6:16

It is very hands-on.

SPEAKER_00 6:17

Right. So how can a digital headset, hovering a screen over your eyes, possibly replace the physical sensation of finding a vein or feeling the warmth of a patient's skin or the physical exertion of chest compressions?

SPEAKER_03 6:30

Well, that physical disconnect is the major friction point the entire industry is trying to solve right now. To understand how they're bridging that gap, we really need to look under the hood at how this technology is actually manipulating the human brain.

SPEAKER_00 6:43

Okay, let's get into it.

SPEAKER_03 6:44

We aren't just talking about strapping a flat screen to your face. Dr. Riso outlines a tiered system of immersion.

SPEAKER_00 6:51

The tech stack. So you have non-immersive, which is basically what most of us do at work, you know, clicking through a scenario on a laptop or tablet.

SPEAKER_03 6:58

Yeah, very basic.

SPEAKER_00 6:59

Then there is semi-immersive, where a student might walk into a physical room where screens are projected on the walls all around them.

SPEAKER_03 7:06

But the fully immersive model is where the nervous system actually gets tricked. That is the 360-degree sensory-rich experience driven by untethered headsets.

SPEAKER_00 7:17

And we have to give some credit to the consumer gaming industry here.

SPEAKER_03 7:20

Oh, 100%. The medical field is totally piggybacking on hardware like the MetaQuest series. These devices have evolved so rapidly that they now boast 4K resolution per eye and incredibly precise built-in hand tracking. Trevor Burrus, Jr.

SPEAKER_00 7:34

Meaning you aren't holding those clunky plastic joysticks anymore. The cameras on the headset read the actual joints of your physical hands and replicate them in the digital space. Aaron Powell Right.

SPEAKER_03 7:44

You can reach out and virtually grab a syringe using your own fingers.

SPEAKER_00 7:47

Which is just wild to think about.

SPEAKER_03 7:49

And because the gaming industry subsidized all that development, the cost of these headsets has dropped by about 50% since 2015.

SPEAKER_00 7:57

Wow, half the price.

SPEAKER_03 7:58

Yeah. But the hardware is really just the delivery mechanism. The real revolution is the software. Platforms like Oxford Medical Simulation and Simics have built digital hospitals that are essentially multiplayer servers.

SPEAKER_00 8:11

Multiplayer serves for doctors.

SPEAKER_03 8:12

Exactly. You can have a nursing student sitting in their living room in Ohio, a pharmacist in Tokyo, and a medical resident in London all logged into the exact same virtual trauma bay.

SPEAKER_00 8:23

All talking to each other and working together to stabilize the exact same virtual patient. I love that collaborative aspect. But the part that genuinely blew my mind is what is driving the patient's behavior.

SPEAKER_03 8:35

The AI.

SPEAKER_00 8:36

Yes. These digital avatars aren't just playing a recorded animation. They are powered by artificial intelligence and they actively respond to what you do. It's like having a hyper-intelligent, slightly malicious choose your own adventure book acting as your dungeon master.

SPEAKER_03 8:51

That is a perfect way to put it. The AI is rigorously tracking every single micro decision the trainee makes. It measures how fast you respond to an alarm, the exact dosage of medication you select, and how often your eyes check the virtual vital monitors.

SPEAKER_00 9:06

Oh wow, it's tracking eye movement too.

SPEAKER_03 9:08

Everything. And here's the kicker. Based on all that real-time data, the AI dynamically adjusts the difficulty of the scenario.

SPEAKER_00 9:16

So if it senses you're hesitating on calculating a medication dosage, the AI might intentionally drop the patient's virtual blood pressure just to see if you crack under the pressure.

SPEAKER_03 9:27

Exactly. The alarms start blaring louder, the avatar starts groaning, and the system watches to see how you recover from your own mistake.

SPEAKER_00 9:34

That sounds incredibly stressful.

SPEAKER_03 9:35

It is. It forces critical thinking in a state of pure adrenaline. But nursing isn't just about the adrenaline of saving a life, it's also heavily burdened by administrative realities. That's why these advanced VR platforms also integrate with electronic health records or EHRs.

SPEAKER_00 9:50

Let's unpack that, because EHRs are the bane of every medical professional's existence. We're talking about the massive database systems like Epic or CERN that hospitals use to track every single pill, symptom, and billing code for a patient.

SPEAKER_03 10:05

Right. A nurse doesn't just push medication, they have to document why they pushed it, read the patient's history to ensure there are no allergies, and chart the outcome. Paperwork, basically. Tons of it. In the simulation, the trainee has to step away from the virtual bedside, pull up a simulated epic dashboard, review the data, and type in their interventions. It bridges the gap between the physical action and the massive documentation burden that makes up half their actual job.

SPEAKER_00 10:30

Okay, so the technology is terrifyingly good at simulating a high-stakes ICU crisis and making sure you fill out the paperwork afterward. But a huge percentage of health care happens outside the aburancy room. What about the slow burn side of the job?

SPEAKER_03 10:45

Well, the applications are expanding way beyond the trauma ward and into community and outpatient care. The software is being used to simulate telehealth consultations where a nurse has to evaluate a patient over a video call.

SPEAKER_00 10:56

Oh, that makes sense.

SPEAKER_03 10:57

It's also being used for chronic disease management, like sitting in a virtual clinic teaching a diabetic patient how to manage their insulin.

SPEAKER_00 11:05

The research even highlighted scenarios where nurses navigate a virtual replica of an elderly patient's home.

SPEAKER_03 11:11

Yes, the home environment assessment.

SPEAKER_00 11:13

Right. They walk through the digital living room looking for loose rugs, poor lighting, or missing handrails in the bathroom to spot mobility hazards before a patient is ever discharged from the hospital.

SPEAKER_03 11:24

And the practical outcome of that specific training is a 15 to 20 percent reduction in hospital readmissions.

SPEAKER_00 11:31

15 to 20 percent just from spotting rugs.

SPEAKER_03 11:33

Yeah. When nurses are trained to spot environmental risks, patients don't end up back in the ER a week later with a broken hip. But if we take that a step further, the most profound application of this technology isn't about treating a virtual patient at all.

SPEAKER_00 11:47

Right.

SPEAKER_03 11:48

It's what educators are calling the empathy engine.

SPEAKER_00 11:51

I was hoping we would get to this because this concept is wild.

SPEAKER_03 11:54

It really is. There is an emerging trend in VR where the trainee uses the headset to completely inhabit the patient's perspective.

SPEAKER_00 12:03

Aaron Powell Let's just pause and think about the irony of that for a second. We are strapping a computer to a nurse's face, literally blinding them to the real world in order to make them more human and more empathetic at the bedside.

SPEAKER_03 12:17

It sounds counterintuitive, right? They do. They learn to speak slower. They learn to approach the bed from an angle where the patient can actually see them. They learn how to project calm because they have virtually suffered through the anxiety of being the patient.

SPEAKER_00 12:29

It's training the heart, not just the hands. But as incredible as an empathy engine or an AI Dungeon Master sounds in a laboratory setting, I want to look at the hardproof. Does this actually translate to real-world competence?

SPEAKER_03 12:43

The research provides two very distinct case studies that perfectly illustrate both the massive triumphs and the stubborn limitations of VR.

SPEAKER_00 12:52

Okay, let's hear them.

SPEAKER_03 12:53

The first is a sweeping success story from Purdue Global.

SPEAKER_00 12:57

Right. Purdue rolled out MetaQuest headsets to train over 4,000 nursing students remotely. And we aren't talking about 18-year-olds living in dorms here.

SPEAKER_03 13:06

No, these were working adults. People trying to earn their nursing degrees while juggling full-time jobs, kids, and real-world responsibilities.

SPEAKER_00 13:13

For that demographic, having to commute two hours to a simulation lab on a Tuesday night is a massive barrier.

SPEAKER_03 13:19

It's nearly impossible for some. By mailing the headsets directly to their homes, Purdue created a standardized, highly equitable learning environment. A student could practice a comprehensive head-to-toe patient assessment in their living room at 2 a.m.

SPEAKER_00 13:34

And the results were undeniable. They saw a 10% increase in pass rates for the NCLE XRN.

SPEAKER_03 13:41

Which is huge.

SPEAKER_00 13:42

Yeah, that's the notoriously difficult make-or-break licensing exam every nurse has to pass. Furthermore, 92% of those students reported feeling highly prepared for actual clinical practice.

SPEAKER_03 13:53

It was a massive win for broad cognitive training, but empathy and cognitive assessments don't put an IV into a human vein.

SPEAKER_00 14:01

Right. Back to the physical problem.

SPEAKER_03 14:03

Exactly. And that brings us to the Henry Ford Health Pilot study, which tested VR for a much more specialized, highly invasive procedure in the operating room.

SPEAKER_00 14:12

Right. They are training medical graduates on central venous access. For anyone lucky enough not to know what that is, it involves threading a large catheter directly into a major vein in the neck or chest.

SPEAKER_03 14:22

It requires intense precision. In this study, they had residents practice the procedural steps in virtual reality and also on traditional physical mannequins.

SPEAKER_00 14:33

And the feedback was pretty divided, right?

SPEAKER_03 14:35

The vast majority, 82%, rated the VR simulation as highly accurate for the environment. They loved it for learning the spatial awareness of the operating room, you know, where the tray goes, where the monitor sits, the sequence of the ultrasound.

SPEAKER_00 14:49

Aaron Powell But forty-one percent of those exact same participants said they vastly preferred the old school plastic mannequins when it came to the fine motor skills of needle tracking.

SPEAKER_03 14:59

Yeah, because of the lack of haptic feedback. This circles perfectly back to your skepticism about the physical sensation of nursing. Virtual reality cannot yet replicate the pushback.

SPEAKER_00 15:09

Aaron Ross Powell The pushback.

SPEAKER_03 15:11

Yeah, when you stick a needle into a human arm, the different layers of skin, fat, and muscle physically resist the needle. Your fingers feel that resistance. A digital syringe hovering in empty air offers zero physical resistance to your hand.

SPEAKER_00 15:23

So if I'm understanding the dividing line here, the VR headset is an absolute powerhouse for training brain memory. It teaches you the situational awareness, how to prioritize alarms, the sequence of steps, and the critical thinking.

SPEAKER_01 15:36

Exactly.

SPEAKER_00 15:37

But you still desperately need the physical, tangible mannequin to build the muscle memory, the literal feeling of guiding a needle into tissue.

SPEAKER_03 15:45

Which is exactly why the industry isn't throwing out the physical mannequins anytime soon. They are moving toward hybrid models.

SPEAKER_00 15:52

Best of both worlds. Right.

SPEAKER_03 15:53

Educators use the VR headset to teach the dynamic cognitive chaos of a trauma, and then they walk the student over to a physical synthetic arm to practice the tactile psychomotor feedback of inserting the line. It is the blending of the digital and the tangible that creates a fully competent professional.

SPEAKER_00 16:11

Okay, so a hybrid approach solves the needle tracking issue. But looking at the friction in that Henry Ford study opens the door to the darker realities of this technology.

SPEAKER_03 16:21

It's not all perfect, that's for sure.

SPEAKER_00 16:22

Aaron Powell The research makes it very clear that digitizing medical education is not a utopian fix-all. There are some massive structural roadblocks here.

SPEAKER_03 16:31

Aaron Powell Very significant roadblocks, beginning with basic human biology. The most prevalent physical barrier is a phenomenon known as cybersickness.

SPEAKER_00 16:39

Aaron Powell Cybersickness sounds like something out of a cyberpunk novel, but it's basically severe, debilitating nausea. What is actually happening in the body to cause that?

SPEAKER_03 16:48

Aaron Powell It is a profound biological mismatch. When you are wearing the headset, the digital screen is telling your eyes that you are sprinting down a busy hospital corridor. Okay. But your vestibular system, the fluid in your inner ear that controls your balance, knows perfectly well that you are standing completely stationary in a classroom.

SPEAKER_00 17:07

Aaron Powell So your brain is getting two wildly conflicting signals. Your eyes say we're moving, your ears say we're still.

SPEAKER_03 17:13

Exactly. And your brain, in its evolutionary wisdom, interprets that sensory conflict as a hallucination. It assumes you must have ingested a neurotoxin, and its immediate defense mechanism is to trigger severe nausea so you vomit up the poison.

SPEAKER_00 17:27

Oh my gosh, that is wild just from looking at a screen.

SPEAKER_03 17:30

Yeah. And that biological reaction severely limits how long a training session can last. You can't have a student do a three-hour virtual clinical rotation if they're going to be violently ill after 40 minutes. Right. Then stepping away from the physical, you have the financial divide.

SPEAKER_00 17:47

The cost. Even though a single consumer headset might be cheaper now, outfitting an entire nursing program is a different story.

SPEAKER_03 17:54

It adds up fast.

SPEAKER_00 17:54

Aaron Powell You have to buy hundreds of headsets, pay the massive annual software licensing fees, and hire IT staff to maintain it all. If a well-funded elite university can afford the cutting-edge AI simulators, but a rural or underfunded community college cannot, we are engineering a massive disparity in the quality of training across the country. Trevor Burrus, Jr.

SPEAKER_03 18:15

It is a critical structural flaw in the rollout. If VR becomes the unquestioned gold standard for medical competence, lack of funding directly translates to a lower tier of medical professionals in lower income areas.

SPEAKER_00 18:27

Which is a huge problem.

SPEAKER_03 18:28

But even beyond the finances, we have to talk about the data. Because VR headsets are not just broadcasting video into your eyes, they are extracting an unbelievable amount of information out of you.

SPEAKER_00 18:40

This is the part of the research that really made me sit up. We are talking about granular physiological tracking.

SPEAKER_03 18:46

The sensors in these headsets can track pupillary dilation, which indicates cognitive load and stress. They track exactly where your eyes dart during a crisis, they measure the microtors in your hands, your decisions speed down to the millisecond, and in some cases, even your heart rate.

SPEAKER_00 19:01

So a nursing student isn't just taking a test, they are generating a massive honeypot of incredibly intimate biometric data while they are highly stressed.

SPEAKER_03 19:10

Exactly.

SPEAKER_00 19:11

The question that immediately comes to mind is who owns a nurse's virtual mistakes? If an AI logs that a student panicked and their hands shook during a pediatric code blue, does that data follow them to their first job interview?

SPEAKER_03 19:25

That is the wild west of data privacy right now. Frameworks like APO in the United States and GDPR in Europe govern patient healthcare data, but they were not engineered for the hyperspecific immersive biometric data generated by a student in a VR headset. Securing that data from breaches and ensuring it is used strictly for education rather than punitive surveillance is a monumental regulatory challenge.

SPEAKER_00 19:51

And tied directly into that AI data collection is the risk of algorithmic bias. The AI driving these digital patients has to learn from massive data sets. If the developers train the AI predominantly on medical data from one specific demographic, the virtual avatars are going to reflect that bias.

SPEAKER_03 20:08

Aaron Powell It is a massive practical engineering problem. For example, if the training data primarily features light-skinned patients, the AI might not accurately simulate how a condition like cyanosis, which is a lack of oxygen, presents visually on a dark-skinned virtual patient. If the machine lacks diverse representation, thousands of nurses could be trained simultaneously with skewed diagnostic baselines.

SPEAKER_00 20:29

It is an incredible scaling of human error. If the algorithm gets it wrong, everybody learns it wrong at the exact same time.

SPEAKER_03 20:37

Which is why the research heavily emphasizes the need for transparency in how these AI models are built. And finally, there is the psychological toll on the user. Because the immersion is so incredibly convincing, the stress it induces is real.

SPEAKER_00 20:52

Experiencing a virtual patient crashing or having to sit with a virtual avatar during an end-of-life discussion blurs the line between a video game and actual trauma.

SPEAKER_03 21:02

It does. It can cause genuine psychological distress for the student. That is why educators are required to implement structured debriefing frameworks like the Pearls framework.

SPEAKER_00 21:11

Let's define Pearls for the listener.

SPEAKER_03 21:12

It stands for promoting excellence and reflective learning in simulation. Essentially, it is a psychological landing pad.

SPEAKER_00 21:18

Okay, I like that term.

SPEAKER_03 21:20

When a student takes a headset off after accidentally administering a lethal dose of medication to an avatar, their heart is pounding. They are flushed. The Pearls framework provides a structured conversation with an educator to decompress that adrenaline, emotionally process the failure, and translate the panic into a concrete learning objective before they go home.

SPEAKER_00 21:40

So we have journeyed all the way from 1911, where educators were wrapping bandages around physical mannequins stuffed with rags, to the modern era of AI driven virtual trauma wards that track your pupil dilation and actively try to stress test your decision making.

SPEAKER_03 21:57

It's been quite the lead, and despite the very real hurdle. Of cybersickness, the lack of haptic feedback, and the enormous data privacy concerns. The ability to squeeze the margin of error out of a medical professional in a zero-risk sandbox is revolutionary. It really is. The research notes that these VR interventions have actually shown a nearly 40% reduction in stress among ICU nurses once they hit the real floor.

SPEAKER_00 22:19

It fundamentally changes the landscape of medical safety. The next time you have to go to the hospital, whether it is for a routine blood draw or you find yourself in the emergency room, look at the professional treating you. Consider that their calm demeanor, their steady hands, might be the direct result of a thousand virtual mistakes made inside a digital headset. Mistakes they were allowed to make and learn from so that they get it exactly right when it is your life on the line. Thanks for joining us on this deep dive. We'll catch you next time.

SPEAKER_01 22:51

Thank you for listening to the Nurse CE4 Less Continuing Education Podcast. To receive CE credit for this course and many others, please visit NurseCE4Less.com. That's NurseCE, the number 4less.com. Use promo code PodCAST15 to receive 15% off an unlimited CE plan. NurseCE4 Less, quality education at an affordable price.