WEBVTT 00:00:00.560 --> 00:00:02.160 Well, good morning, everybody. 00:00:02.399 --> 00:00:05.679 Welcome to a lot of different things happening at one time. 00:00:05.839 --> 00:00:14.480 So if you are interested in being confirmed or uh reaffirming your confirmation vows or being received in the Episcopal Church, this is for you. 00:00:14.640 --> 00:00:20.480 If you're interested in just revisiting what it means to be an Episcopalian, this is for you. 00:00:20.879 --> 00:00:25.039 If you just have time to waste, and this is good to waste, this is for you. 00:00:25.280 --> 00:00:34.000 And so I just want to uh suggest to you it really meant to be good time for everybody, so please make it worth your while. 00:00:34.159 --> 00:00:40.799 So if you have questions, always just go ahead and grip them out and we'll we'll do our best. 00:00:41.119 --> 00:00:51.840 Nick has been so kind as to serve alongside me and trying to walk through what it means to be an Episcopalian in quick, easy steps because that's all the time we have. 00:00:52.000 --> 00:01:07.120 Um but what I would love to do is start with prayer and then have another introduction, and then today our goal is to talk about a brief history of how the Episcopal Church sort of came to be, if that makes sense. 00:01:07.280 --> 00:01:07.519 Okay? 00:01:07.840 --> 00:01:08.560 The Lord be with you. 00:01:10.480 --> 00:01:11.040 Let's pray. 00:01:11.280 --> 00:01:27.840 God, we ask that you would confirm in each of us the faith that we hold dear, that you would order our steps as we would walk faithfully, more faithfully with you, that you would answer the questions of our heads so that our hearts may follow more closely. 00:01:28.079 --> 00:01:37.599 And God, we ask that all this following, all of this study and learning would be directed into making the world a better place as you imagine it in heaven. 00:01:37.920 --> 00:01:38.480 Amen. 00:01:38.719 --> 00:01:39.040 Amen. 00:01:39.519 --> 00:01:53.920 So the landscape for the day, again, is the sort of the history of the church beginning in uh really short, uh, getting all the way through the English Reformations and a little bit toward the present. 00:01:54.079 --> 00:01:57.040 And Nick's gonna start us off with that. 00:01:57.680 --> 00:02:01.040 Okay, I'll begin by uh doing a little explanation. 00:02:01.200 --> 00:02:06.239 We're trying to cram 2,000 years of history into 40 minutes. 00:02:06.560 --> 00:02:07.200 40 minutes. 00:02:07.359 --> 00:02:08.240 So bear with me. 00:02:08.319 --> 00:02:14.080 We're gonna skip over a lot of stuff, we're gonna leave out a lot of details, and we're gonna oversimplify some things. 00:02:14.319 --> 00:02:15.840 So uh bear with us. 00:02:16.080 --> 00:02:17.599 Well, what is an Episcopal? 00:02:17.840 --> 00:02:19.199 Well, it's more than being a member of St. 00:02:19.360 --> 00:02:20.879 Thomas the Apostle Church. 00:02:21.039 --> 00:02:33.360 It's part of being the Diocese of Texas, which has nearly 80,000 members, 150 missionary outposts, which are places like this and uh other missions. 00:02:33.680 --> 00:02:36.479 Um it's led by Bishop Andy Doyle. 00:02:36.560 --> 00:02:41.280 Uh he's assisted by other bishops, uh you can see in our prayer. 00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:44.400 Um but the Diocese of Texas is not alone. 00:02:44.560 --> 00:02:58.719 The Diocese of Texas is part of the Worldwide Anglican Communion, and uh it's one of the world's larger Christian bodies, and it has tens of millions of members in more than 165 countries around the world. 00:02:58.800 --> 00:03:04.800 Uh and we'll learn a lot more about the structure and so on later, as we in a later session. 00:03:05.120 --> 00:03:08.960 Um but why is it called Anglican? 00:03:09.199 --> 00:03:26.159 And uh, well, that's because all these churches around the world are somehow connected with and and derived from the Church of England and uh and are in communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury. 00:03:26.560 --> 00:03:31.599 Um now, what is the Church of England and when did it get started? 00:03:31.840 --> 00:03:44.240 There is a beautiful legend that Joseph of Aramathea fled the Holy Land and went to the um went to England, England's happy shores. 00:03:46.000 --> 00:04:00.879 And this is the basis for all of the legends of King Arthur, his knights of the round table searching for the Holy Grail, because Joseph is believed to have been in this story uh carrying the grail and the spear also that pierced Christ's side. 00:04:01.120 --> 00:04:06.960 It's a lovely legend, and uh we have no evidence either to prove it or disprove it. 00:04:07.120 --> 00:04:13.840 Uh but it is certainly true that uh Christianity arrived in England very early. 00:04:14.000 --> 00:04:17.759 Sometime in the second century there's archaeological evidence for this. 00:04:18.000 --> 00:04:27.360 And so um it's really shrouded in mystery when the church uh or Christianity began in England. 00:04:28.560 --> 00:04:35.600 The uh one of the first things that happened of interest was in 306 A.D. 00:04:36.079 --> 00:04:48.480 Um Constantine, subsequently known as Constantine the Great, was proclaimed Emperor of Rome, the Roman Empire, at least at that point the Western Empire, um, in York. 00:04:49.519 --> 00:04:55.519 And in fact, if you uh go to York uh outside the Minster, there is a statue of Constantine the Great. 00:04:57.279 --> 00:05:06.240 And this is the same Constantine who called the uh Council of Nicaea in the year 325. 00:05:06.560 --> 00:05:13.279 We said the Nicene Queen, which the first version of which was written in Nicaea and put together in Nicaea. 00:05:13.680 --> 00:05:15.279 By the way, thank you for taking notes. 00:05:15.360 --> 00:05:23.519 You're perfectly welcome to, but also be aware of the fact there will be no test at the end of this, and there will be no test at the Pearley Gates. 00:05:23.680 --> 00:05:24.560 When you meet St. 00:05:24.720 --> 00:05:28.079 Peter, it ain't what you know, it's who you know. 00:05:30.000 --> 00:05:33.360 And uh, if you haven't guessed, that's Jesus of Nazareth. 00:05:33.600 --> 00:05:40.879 Um, anyhow, one of the things interesting in in the uh Council of Nicaea is that two British bishops attended. 00:05:41.040 --> 00:05:49.839 So Nicaea is somewhere in in today's Turkey, and um so it they came a long way, and Constantine paid for it. 00:05:50.079 --> 00:05:52.959 I got to deal quickly with a calumny. 00:05:53.199 --> 00:06:00.319 People claim that Constantine was not really Christian seriously because he was um baptized on his deathbed. 00:06:00.560 --> 00:06:06.639 And it turns out this is a really common practice in those days because baptism washed away all your sins. 00:06:06.879 --> 00:06:10.800 So, what better time when you're not gonna be able to commit many more sins? 00:06:10.959 --> 00:06:14.480 Um, and so that that was a fairly common practice in those days. 00:06:14.639 --> 00:06:16.959 Obviously, we've passed on from that. 00:06:17.360 --> 00:06:27.839 Uh sometime in the mid-late 400s, uh a boy was kidnapped from the west coast of England and uh taken to be a slave in Ireland. 00:06:28.160 --> 00:06:33.040 And after 16 years of slavery, he escaped back to England. 00:06:33.360 --> 00:06:51.439 He decided that the people who had enslaved him needed to be uh hear the word of Christ, and so he went to France to get educated, went back to uh Ireland, and um today we know him a long period of evangelism. 00:06:51.519 --> 00:06:55.920 He lived to about 80, um, and today we know him as St. 00:06:56.079 --> 00:06:56.879 Patrick. 00:06:57.120 --> 00:07:01.120 So if any of you get um can remember that St. 00:07:01.279 --> 00:07:06.399 Patrick was in fact a Briton, not Irish to begin with. 00:07:08.319 --> 00:07:13.920 Uh about the 600, the the favor was returned when St. 00:07:14.160 --> 00:07:27.199 Columba, an Irish uh monk, came along with about 40 Irish monks and established a community on the island of Iona on the west coast of Scotland. 00:07:27.759 --> 00:07:37.279 And the purpose of this was to spread learning, to maintain learning there, and to spread learning and the faith through northern England and Scotland. 00:07:38.160 --> 00:07:41.519 So uh we have this back and forth. 00:07:41.920 --> 00:07:59.439 Now, about the same time, 600 roughly, uh Pope Gregory the Great saw some blondes in the slave market, and he asked who they were, and he was told these aren't these are Angles, as an Anglo-Saxon. 00:07:59.600 --> 00:08:02.560 And he said, they aren't angles, they're angels. 00:08:03.600 --> 00:08:08.879 And uh as a result, he sent Saint Augustine and a number of monks. 00:08:09.279 --> 00:08:13.839 This is not the same Augustine as Hippo, who wrote all the books and so on. 00:08:14.000 --> 00:08:18.959 Um, so it's useful to keep those two separate, uh, although sometimes confused. 00:08:19.199 --> 00:08:30.319 Um and uh Augustine founded a monastery, he was welcomed by the King of Kent, which was then not a duchy but a uh kingdom. 00:08:30.639 --> 00:08:39.600 He founded a monastery and a cathedral his cathedral at Canterbury, and he was the first Archbishop of Canterbury. 00:08:40.080 --> 00:08:46.559 Now, if you read the records and the stories, uh he had problems with the Christians who were already there. 00:08:46.720 --> 00:08:52.879 They had fights about when uh Easter should be celebrated and how a monk should cut his hair and so on. 00:08:53.360 --> 00:08:56.320 It was an interesting story, and Loss goes into it. 00:08:56.480 --> 00:09:03.120 But we're gonna skip over all that and go to the uh late 1400s and 1455. 00:09:03.519 --> 00:09:07.279 And at that point uh began the War of the Roses. 00:09:07.840 --> 00:09:20.399 The War of the Roses was a battle that lasted 30 years, and basically it was one house or one set of descendants of the king and versus another set of descendants of the king. 00:09:20.480 --> 00:09:24.159 They both thought they had their the right to be king. 00:09:24.480 --> 00:09:35.519 And uh they fought for some 30 years, and it ended in in 1485 when Henry Tudor uh killed, or his troops killed Richard III. 00:09:35.759 --> 00:09:38.879 You remember a horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse. 00:09:39.039 --> 00:09:41.360 That's the Richard III we're talking about here. 00:09:41.519 --> 00:09:46.720 Uh and at that point uh Henry became King of England. 00:09:46.879 --> 00:09:54.960 Now it must be emphasized uh Henry VII had a very poor claim to the throne. 00:09:55.200 --> 00:09:58.720 If you look at the history and so on, it was confused. 00:09:59.360 --> 00:10:01.759 But um he did have two sons. 00:10:02.159 --> 00:10:06.159 First, the eldest son was named Arthur, and the younger son Henry. 00:10:06.480 --> 00:10:13.840 And Arthur was obviously going to be king, and Henry was educated for the church, which in those days was no small thing. 00:10:14.000 --> 00:10:27.279 Remember, the church owned a third of the property in England, and most of the or a good size chunk of the best farmland in England, which was um clarified we're still talking the Catholic Church is what we're still talking about. 00:10:28.320 --> 00:10:28.960 The Roman Catholic Church. 00:10:29.440 --> 00:10:37.039 Or the Church Universal, but but Augustine um was a Roman Catholic, we'd call him today. 00:10:37.360 --> 00:10:37.759 Right. 00:10:38.080 --> 00:10:38.399 Okay. 00:10:39.039 --> 00:10:40.799 So under under the under the Pope. 00:10:41.039 --> 00:10:41.200 Right. 00:10:41.360 --> 00:10:41.440 Yeah. 00:10:41.600 --> 00:10:42.320 So yeah, that's the same. 00:10:42.799 --> 00:10:43.679 He was sent there by the Pope. 00:10:44.879 --> 00:10:47.679 Well, who actually established the Roman Catholic Church? 00:10:49.039 --> 00:10:51.120 Um do you want me to feel that? 00:10:51.200 --> 00:10:51.360 Yeah. 00:10:51.600 --> 00:10:52.080 If you want to? 00:10:52.399 --> 00:10:55.679 There was a big split in Christianity in 1056. 00:10:55.840 --> 00:10:58.639 It's sometimes called the Great Schism, that's not accurate. 00:10:58.720 --> 00:11:08.720 It's just the schism between Western Christianity, which was seated in Rome, and Eastern, which we now call Orthodox, which was seated in Constantinople. 00:11:08.960 --> 00:11:16.559 The reason that these churches split, actually, was that there was sort of a power battle between who was most important. 00:11:17.039 --> 00:11:23.039 Was it the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, or was it the Patriarch, the Bishop of Constantinople? 00:11:23.279 --> 00:11:31.759 And ultimately what happened is the Pope in Rome changed the Nicene Creed without calling a council. 00:11:32.080 --> 00:11:33.519 And it was a power play. 00:11:33.759 --> 00:11:42.639 So what we now say, when we say the Nicene Creed, we say who proceed from the Father and the Son, the Holy Spirit who proceeds from the Father and the Son. 00:11:42.720 --> 00:11:44.639 That's called the Filiocae in Latin. 00:11:44.720 --> 00:11:46.159 That's the word and the Son. 00:11:46.399 --> 00:11:49.519 The Pope in Rome said that's how we're going to say it. 00:11:50.000 --> 00:11:51.600 But there was no council. 00:11:51.759 --> 00:11:59.279 So it was one bishop saying, I can change the creed without an ecumenical council. 00:11:59.440 --> 00:12:06.000 And what happened is the essentially the patriarch in Constantinople said that's no good. 00:12:06.240 --> 00:12:08.799 The Bishop of Rome excommunicated him. 00:12:09.039 --> 00:12:13.120 He excommunicated him in return, and that's where the Orthodox Church came from. 00:12:13.360 --> 00:12:20.159 So that's really in since 1056 is when we have the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. 00:12:20.320 --> 00:12:21.919 The Roman Church is centered in Rome. 00:12:22.000 --> 00:12:26.000 They also disagreed about icons versus statuaries. 00:12:26.639 --> 00:12:33.679 So in the Eastern traditions, there's the painted icons, but they would consider sculptures to be idols. 00:12:34.159 --> 00:12:40.399 In the Roman Church, consider there are many more sculptures, but they consider icons to be idols. 00:12:40.559 --> 00:12:43.519 So that's been a big split between the two. 00:12:43.759 --> 00:12:43.919 Okay. 00:12:44.000 --> 00:12:48.000 So now that now that we're at Henry, we're working under the Roman Catholic Church. 00:12:48.159 --> 00:12:48.480 That's right. 00:12:48.559 --> 00:12:48.720 Yeah. 00:12:48.879 --> 00:12:51.120 We're now under the Roman Catholic Church. 00:12:51.679 --> 00:12:59.279 And anyhow, Henry VII uh married his older son to Catherine of Aragon. 00:12:59.919 --> 00:13:07.360 Um, in part because you remember this is about the same time that the Spanish treasure ships are coming over in Catherine. 00:13:07.440 --> 00:13:11.600 Um Spain at that point was very powerful and very rich. 00:13:11.919 --> 00:13:16.080 Henry, on the other hand, as I said, was educated for the church. 00:13:16.240 --> 00:13:24.480 Now, most people picture Henry VIII as that great bloated figure we see in Holbein's painting of him in his later years. 00:13:24.799 --> 00:13:31.600 And that, I mean, I'm not gonna argue with Holbein, but that's not the way he looked for much of his life. 00:13:31.919 --> 00:13:37.840 In his early days, he was an athlete, he was a poet, a scholar of considerable uh learning. 00:13:37.919 --> 00:13:49.519 Uh the story goes that when he was uh king, he would essentially flip a coin to the privy council meeting and decide whether he was gonna hold the council meeting in Greek or in Latin. 00:13:50.879 --> 00:14:02.080 So anyway, uh he was uh he's a musician as well, and uh he was considered the most uh eligible bachelor in in Europe at that time. 00:14:02.720 --> 00:14:13.200 Well, in any event, Arthur died without an heir, and uh Henry VII still needed Catherine's money. 00:14:13.840 --> 00:14:30.080 Uh so they sought a papal dispensation for Arthur, I mean for Arthur's widow, Catherine of Aragon, to marry her brother's, her brother, or brother-in-law, excuse me. 00:14:30.159 --> 00:14:36.399 Um and uh the two nations being powerful, they got their wish. 00:14:36.639 --> 00:14:43.840 The uh Pope uh allowed the the marriage to go forward between Henry and Catherine of Aragon. 00:14:44.559 --> 00:14:50.080 Um unfortunately this only produced one child, uh Mary. 00:14:50.799 --> 00:14:57.120 And um in those days, you've got to remember, kings led their forces into battle. 00:14:57.360 --> 00:15:06.720 You you can actually see in the in the um Tower of London uh the various battle suits of Henry VIII, including one that goes like that. 00:15:06.879 --> 00:15:08.000 Very impressive. 00:15:08.320 --> 00:15:17.120 Um and of course, Henry's father had won the throne by knocking off the other king in battle, King Richard III. 00:15:17.519 --> 00:15:21.120 So uh this was beginning to bother Henry. 00:15:21.360 --> 00:15:22.159 Can I add one thing? 00:15:22.320 --> 00:15:30.559 Okay, um, which is that Henry VIII made the argument he could marry Catherine based on Leviticus. 00:15:30.720 --> 00:15:32.399 It's called leverite marriage. 00:15:32.559 --> 00:15:42.240 If your brother dies without producing an heir, it's your duty to marry your brother's widow to produce a child that will replace your brother. 00:15:42.720 --> 00:15:45.759 So the child won't be your son, it'll be your older brother. 00:15:46.000 --> 00:15:50.639 And uh that was the argument that they made, and many people don't know this. 00:15:50.720 --> 00:15:58.000 Uh Catherine actually had a number of, I think the awful word, but the word we would get is deformed children. 00:15:58.159 --> 00:16:02.000 So she had some stillbursts that that looked ghastly. 00:16:02.559 --> 00:16:09.039 Henry probably believed he was doing the right thing, but when he saw these children, thought God had cursed the marriage. 00:16:09.360 --> 00:16:24.000 And uh he claimed, went back at this point to remember uh John the Baptist got into trouble with Herod and Herodias because Herodias had married um her brother-in-law. 00:16:24.320 --> 00:16:27.360 So uh there are biblical stories that go each way. 00:16:27.600 --> 00:16:33.120 Anyhow, Henry, now Henry VIII was desperate for a male heir. 00:16:33.440 --> 00:16:39.279 And uh there were there had never been a ruling queen in England's history. 00:16:39.440 --> 00:16:50.320 So he dismissed Catherine, sent her off to a palace uh uh uh uh far away, and took up with the charming um Anne Boleyn, uh much younger. 00:16:50.559 --> 00:16:57.279 Um and he sought a divorce, a proper divorce from Catherine on legal grounds. 00:16:57.519 --> 00:17:11.680 Unfortunately, at that point in the game, uh that marriage and that divorce fell into papal politics and European politics, and very complicated, and I could spend a whole session talking about that. 00:17:11.920 --> 00:17:13.039 We don't have time. 00:17:13.440 --> 00:17:33.680 So um they had applied, it had been for the divorce from Catherine, and uh it got very complicated and delayed and delayed, but it became urgent when Anne Boleyn became pregnant, and so uh even urgent. 00:17:34.079 --> 00:17:48.160 And so in uh 1532 um it was also necessary that that child, uh if a son, be born legitimate, not outside of marriage. 00:17:48.400 --> 00:17:54.079 So that's why Henry was desperate to get divorced and then married to Catherine Boleyn. 00:17:54.720 --> 00:17:56.240 Anne Boleyn, excuse me. 00:17:56.720 --> 00:18:09.119 Um and in September of 1533, um uh excuse me, Anne Boleyn bore a child. 00:18:09.440 --> 00:18:16.160 Unfortunately for Henry, it was a female, uh, and named Elizabeth. 00:18:16.400 --> 00:18:25.920 In 1534, Henry declared himself to be the supreme head of the Church of England and no longer connected with, separated from the Church of Rome. 00:18:26.079 --> 00:18:28.000 Uh and still he had no male heir. 00:18:28.079 --> 00:18:34.880 And later in life uh he married uh Jane Seymour and produced a son who became Edward VI. 00:18:36.640 --> 00:18:39.519 Um but still Henry still had problems. 00:18:39.759 --> 00:18:53.039 He had some long-lasting wounds from his days jousting, and uh there is a strong suspicion that Henry had suffered a concussion, got knocked off his horse jousting. 00:18:53.599 --> 00:19:05.440 So um uh some of the things that he did later in life may be as much due to that as other things that have been attributed there. 00:19:05.680 --> 00:19:16.880 One of the ironies of all this is that in 1521, Henry, still a Roman Catholic, wrote a book opposing in great patail Martin Luther. 00:19:17.279 --> 00:19:25.039 And it was done so well that the Pope at that time awarded Henry the honor of being defender of the faith. 00:19:25.200 --> 00:19:31.680 That's why you see FD today on the coins around the head of Queen Elizabeth II. 00:19:32.319 --> 00:19:47.119 Well, Henry died, and uh I should first add uh in 1538, uh Henry had an English Bible put in every church in England, a Bible written in English, and this was the first time this was legal. 00:19:47.279 --> 00:19:55.839 In fact, only a couple of years earlier, Henry had had uh Wycliffe uh burned at the stake for writing an English Bible. 00:19:56.480 --> 00:19:57.519 Curious. 00:19:57.839 --> 00:20:10.240 Um and in 1549, Henry and Thomas Cranmer wrote the Book of Common Prayer, which was the first Book of Common Prayer from which our own Book of Common Prayer is descended. 00:20:10.559 --> 00:20:16.799 Um after Henry's death, he was succeeded by Edward, a weekly child, who died young. 00:20:17.359 --> 00:20:25.119 He was surrounded by Protestants and issued a new prayer book in 1552, which was much more Protestant. 00:20:25.599 --> 00:20:31.039 Well, at that point, England needed a peace and B a ruler. 00:20:31.200 --> 00:20:35.440 And so the thing fell on Henry's eldest daughter, Mary. 00:20:35.599 --> 00:20:50.960 Well, now Mary had been raised by Catherine of Aragon and priests, and so she wanted to return Britain to uh Roman Catholicism, and uh brought in priests, brought in uh all the changes that go back to that. 00:20:51.279 --> 00:21:02.160 Um she, in addition, married Philip of Spain and essentially had England as her dowry, giving England to Spain. 00:21:02.400 --> 00:21:09.359 So uh that developed some tension between the two, and that's why there was an armada in 1588, but another long story. 00:21:09.680 --> 00:21:19.839 Anyhow, Mary became bloody Mary because she uh executed a number of people, including Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and other bishops. 00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:24.319 Um, so she became um bloody Mary at that point. 00:21:24.480 --> 00:21:48.720 She died without children, and so um again there they got to look for a successor, and they picked on uh Henry's daughter by Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth, and she restored the kingdom to Protestantism, and her goal really at that point was to have peace in her kingdom, to restore peace and unity and end the strife. 00:21:48.960 --> 00:21:53.759 Uh her one of her comments was she did not wish to look into the hearts of her subjects. 00:21:53.839 --> 00:21:59.759 Uh she did not insist on unity of belief, but chiefly that the subjects worshipped. 00:22:00.240 --> 00:22:00.799 Together. 00:22:00.960 --> 00:22:04.720 And so that's why we don't have any Westminster catechism in this church. 00:22:05.039 --> 00:22:17.279 We have the creeds and the uh the two the three creeds actually, the apostles, the Nicene Creed, and the Athanasian Creed, which you can find in the historical documents of the church. 00:22:17.920 --> 00:22:24.400 You've got to realize that what a key issue during all this Reformation period was what happens during the Eucharist. 00:22:24.960 --> 00:22:35.200 When Mike blesses or consecrates the wine, does it actually become transubstantiated into the blood of Christ? 00:22:35.839 --> 00:22:42.400 Or is the service a memorial service, remembering Christ's death and resurrection? 00:22:42.799 --> 00:22:48.880 And Elizabeth came up with a quatrain that I think beautifully summarized the Anglican position. 00:22:49.119 --> 00:22:56.880 Twas the Lord that spake it, he took the bread and break it, and what the Lord doth make it for that, for that I believe and take it. 00:22:57.680 --> 00:22:59.920 In other words, she allowed for the mystery. 00:23:00.079 --> 00:23:02.400 And that's what we tend to do. 00:23:02.559 --> 00:23:16.880 And you see that today we don't use the words of administration very often, but there is an older form that begins the body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which is given for thee, preserve thy body and soul and everlasting life. 00:23:17.200 --> 00:23:25.759 And the next line is take and eat this in remembrance that Christ died for thee and be thankful. 00:23:26.079 --> 00:23:34.720 So what we're trying to do is play both ends against the middle or find the middle ground that uh satisfies everyone. 00:23:34.960 --> 00:23:47.119 Um anyway, Elizabeth, uh, after whom Virginia was named, had no offspring, no children, and no husband ever. 00:23:47.440 --> 00:23:58.079 And so uh her she was succeeded by um James Stewart, who was James VI of Scotland, and beautifully this occurred without warfare. 00:23:58.160 --> 00:24:01.279 It was a deal that was worked out before she died. 00:24:01.599 --> 00:24:05.279 And um let me just be sure. 00:24:05.440 --> 00:24:29.279 Oh, the main thing to remember about King James I, he was sixth of Scotland, first of England, James I of England, is that he is the man who created or ordered, created, paid for the creation of the King James version of the Bible, which has been a strong point in the English language, the foundation of the English language for at least another 200 years after that. 00:24:29.519 --> 00:24:34.160 Um, from there we got to move on to the middle of the 1600s. 00:24:34.319 --> 00:24:50.160 Um there were those who felt that we had um kept too much of the bath water when we threw out the baby of Roman Catholicism, and um they wanted to purify the church, uh the reminders of papal authority and and the connection with Rome. 00:24:50.319 --> 00:25:00.319 Um they banned Christmas, they removed altar cloths, uh hangings, and all the pomp and ceremony that, or much of the pomp and ceremony, and fancy dress for the clergy. 00:25:00.559 --> 00:25:04.880 Mike would have been ridden out of town on a rail if he'd showed up at one of their churches. 00:25:05.359 --> 00:25:07.359 Tarred and feathered, actually, really, yeah. 00:25:07.759 --> 00:25:09.599 Uh with fancy dress. 00:25:09.839 --> 00:25:14.000 Um for them, they wanted to focus on the word of God. 00:25:14.160 --> 00:25:25.119 The Holy Scripture was what was tantamount, I mean, was the focus of the church and worship as they believe. 00:25:25.279 --> 00:25:31.680 And so anything that distracted from that distracted people from paying attention to the word of God. 00:25:32.240 --> 00:25:47.599 Um during this time there was a bishop, archbishop actually, uh, named Hooker, and he enunciated what I think is uh what is generally accepted as the core definition of uh Anglicanism in the Episcopal Church. 00:25:47.759 --> 00:25:53.440 We sit on a three-legged stool: scripture, tradition, and reason. 00:25:53.759 --> 00:26:02.319 And all things must be consistent with Holy Scripture, but it must be interpreted by tradition and reason. 00:26:02.559 --> 00:26:07.839 Tradition, remember, you can look at it uh as democracy in time. 00:26:09.039 --> 00:26:12.000 It's the people of the past talking to us. 00:26:12.319 --> 00:26:19.279 Um skipping around, skipping to the um New World. 00:26:19.359 --> 00:26:22.960 Um, in 1603 was born Roger Williams. 00:26:23.119 --> 00:26:34.160 He was a Puritan uh minister, theologian, and author who founded uh Providence Plantations, which now is became the colony of Rhode Island and now uh Rhode Island. 00:26:34.480 --> 00:26:45.920 Um he was a staunch advocate for religious freedom, the separation of church and state, and fair dealings with the American uh Indians, and he was one of the first abolitionists. 00:26:46.319 --> 00:26:51.359 Well, now we since we're in America, let's skip forward to 1776 and all that. 00:26:51.519 --> 00:27:07.599 Uh the American Revolution forced the separation of the American Church from the English church, because not only was the king the head of the Church of England, but the prayer book was full of references to the king and prayers for the king. 00:27:07.680 --> 00:27:12.000 And this didn't sit well for the Protestants who had just been fighting the king. 00:27:12.319 --> 00:27:32.799 So uh the colony had no bishops and uh few priests, and of course you need a bishop to ordain priests, and so priests had to go to uh in colonial times take the dangerous trip over to England to get uh ordained and then the dangerous trip back, and not many people wanted to do that. 00:27:33.200 --> 00:27:44.079 So eventually the American church selected a man named uh Samuel Seabury to go to England to be consecrated bishop. 00:27:44.799 --> 00:27:52.319 Well, when he got to London, he discovered that bishops uh needed to swear allegiance to the king. 00:27:53.039 --> 00:27:55.039 And this made life a little tricky. 00:27:55.200 --> 00:28:09.839 Now you remember if you if you go back to your Shakespeare, bishops owned large people, large territories they owned, had authority over large groups of numbers of people whom they could call on to come and serve them in battle. 00:28:10.079 --> 00:28:18.079 And so if you go back and look, for example, at Richard III Shakespeare's play, they had battling bishops in those days, seriously. 00:28:18.400 --> 00:28:26.240 So uh it was important after that for the king to have authority over the bishops. 00:28:26.720 --> 00:28:31.279 Um Samuel Seabury couldn't be consecrated in London. 00:28:31.440 --> 00:28:36.960 He discovered he could be consecrated bishop in Scotland, and that's why you see a cross of St. 00:28:37.119 --> 00:28:43.519 Andrews quartered in the Episcopal Shield, that blue X in the upper left-hand corner. 00:28:44.079 --> 00:28:48.079 Um can I add one word while you're sipping? 00:28:48.559 --> 00:28:48.799 Sure. 00:28:49.200 --> 00:28:51.759 It's also where the phrase the Scottish Rite comes from. 00:28:51.920 --> 00:28:55.200 The English Rite and the Scottish Rite were actually very different. 00:28:55.359 --> 00:29:01.039 The English Rite focused on the Lord's table, the Scottish Rite focused on the altar. 00:29:01.359 --> 00:29:08.640 So when uh so the first prayer book had to have the Scottish Rite, is what the Scottish bishops insisted. 00:29:08.720 --> 00:29:11.839 So don't think about those guys with the green fezes and the little cars. 00:29:11.920 --> 00:29:13.440 Those are actually shriners anyway. 00:29:13.599 --> 00:29:21.519 But the yeah, the Scottish Rite, though, is is the Eucharist, which is really more Catholic than it is Anglican. 00:29:21.920 --> 00:29:23.519 We ended up somewhere in the middle. 00:29:23.680 --> 00:29:27.680 Anglo-Catholic is it's one of the monarchers you'll you'll you'll hear. 00:29:27.920 --> 00:29:36.400 Um, but again, it's much more phrase on sacrifice altar than the Anglican prayer book at the time was, if that makes sense. 00:29:36.880 --> 00:29:39.759 That was, I think, at least two words. 00:29:40.319 --> 00:29:40.799 Never mind. 00:29:41.119 --> 00:29:41.279 Sorry. 00:29:41.359 --> 00:29:43.359 Um Anglo-Catholic is gonna yeah, you're right, you're right. 00:29:43.759 --> 00:29:52.960 Um anyhow, you're um subsequently uh William White went to London and they changed the rules. 00:29:53.200 --> 00:30:06.319 Um and so he was consecrated bishop in England, and there were other bishops, so that then you could have a real American church that ordained its own priests and could consecrate its own bishops. 00:30:06.640 --> 00:30:21.839 The first American Book of Common Prayer was put out in 1789, the same year as the Constitution, and it was much like the 1662 prayer book, but it omitted uh references to the king and the royal family for obvious reasons. 00:30:22.079 --> 00:30:24.640 It's worth mentioning in this time. 00:30:24.720 --> 00:30:41.119 Uh in 1794, uh a fellow named Epsilon Jones uh founded the first black Episcopal congregation, and in 1802 he was the first African American to be ordained as a priest in the Episcopal Church. 00:30:41.440 --> 00:30:42.400 1802. 00:30:42.559 --> 00:30:54.640 So we uh and he is listed in the Episcopal calendar of uh saints, and we remember him liturgically on February 13th, the day of his uh birth. 00:30:54.880 --> 00:31:03.359 One of the neat things uh we keep moving ahead, um, interesting things about the Episcopal Church, um, you've heard of Southern Baptists. 00:31:03.599 --> 00:31:16.160 Well, the Southern Baptists got separated um during the war between the states, uh, civil war or whatever you want to call it, uh, and never got back together again. 00:31:16.319 --> 00:31:32.400 In the Episcopal Church, they continued um to be in connection, in communion, and in fact, in the uh conventions in the north, they had seats for the southern bishops and southern delegations. 00:31:32.559 --> 00:31:38.880 So they really were making an effort to keep the church unified. 00:31:39.359 --> 00:32:02.720 Now we're gonna drop back again and drift back across the ocean and talk about the early um 1720s, 30s, and 40s when a couple of guys, uh John and Charles Wesley, were being educated in Oxford, England, and they formed a little group of um they called the Holy Club. 00:32:02.880 --> 00:32:17.519 And these guys were uh developed practices of fasting and prayer and regular Eucharists, and eventually, because it was so ordered, they got called the Methodists because they had a method. 00:32:17.759 --> 00:32:23.039 And uh the group added social services to their activities. 00:32:23.119 --> 00:32:30.799 Um they visited prisoners in Oxford, they taught them to read, paid their debts, uh, tried to find employment for them, and so on. 00:32:31.039 --> 00:32:37.680 Um John and brother Charles went to Georgia to evangelize the Native Americans there. 00:32:38.000 --> 00:32:51.920 He was unsuccessful, but on his way he was met some uh Moravians and developed a lot of his theology and and thinking around the Moravians. 00:32:52.480 --> 00:33:02.400 Um he didn't start ordaining um followers to the ministry until uh 1784. 00:33:03.200 --> 00:33:10.400 And even then he ordained um priest, clergy in his own church rather reluctantly. 00:33:10.480 --> 00:33:19.200 He was uh not happy to do that as I understand it, but was forced into it because Anglican bishops, English bishop, wouldn't ordain them. 00:33:19.759 --> 00:33:34.240 So, again, a good deal of politics in there, but um we also know uh Samuel Wesley as one of the authors of several of the books, uh hymns in our uh hymnal. 00:33:35.200 --> 00:33:49.359 About the same period or a bit later, 1830s, members also of Oxford University began to share uh the belief that we had thrown too much uh of our Catholic heritage out in the Reformation. 00:33:49.759 --> 00:34:03.440 And um by cat the um the uh they understood Catholic as a church which was faithful to the teachings of the early and undivided church. 00:34:03.680 --> 00:34:26.320 They believed the Church of England was such a church, and so they believed that uh we needed to mimic more the early church and what it was uh trying to do and its uh evangelism and uh celebration of uh the good news of Jesus Christ. 00:34:26.639 --> 00:34:43.119 One of the most famous leaders of this was John Henry Newman, um, who wrote a lot of stuff, um, and many of those things ended up in tracts, what they call tracts that were handed out in churches and so on, and they were called tractarians. 00:34:43.840 --> 00:35:03.679 Eventually uh Newman became a Roman Catholic, actually became a cardinal, and became um a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church and wrote some ideas uh that uh a lot of books supporting his shift in his conscience. 00:35:03.920 --> 00:35:34.880 And so uh it's interesting um to read some of those and to see what his his changes were, but again, sort of believing that the traditions that we had and um the things beyond simply the word were part of our worship and could be part of our worship without distracting us from the word and perhaps emphasizing uh our hanging on to the word. 00:35:35.360 --> 00:35:41.760 And so uh it is you will hear the terms high church and low church and mid-church or broad church. 00:35:41.920 --> 00:35:48.719 Well, Newman and the um uh uh Oxford group, the Oxford movement, were high church. 00:35:48.880 --> 00:35:53.280 They organized a very um ritual-filled service. 00:35:53.519 --> 00:36:20.480 Low churchers uh believed uh in keeping life simple and uh without interference between the the uh word and the hearers of the word, and that uh things could we can be distracted from um the word by the uh all the uh smells and bells, so to speak. 00:36:20.800 --> 00:36:23.679 And uh you take it as you like. 00:36:23.840 --> 00:36:32.079 Um in any event, um I think uh let's stop there for the time being and see if anybody's got questions about that. 00:36:32.239 --> 00:36:32.800 Yes, ma'am. 00:36:33.199 --> 00:36:35.119 Well, I don't have a question about that. 00:36:35.440 --> 00:36:44.800 What I'm curious about is the current relationship between the Church of America and the Archbishop of Canterbury. 00:36:47.199 --> 00:36:56.639 Well, we're gonna go into that um in another session later, but briefly we salute the Archbishop of Canterbury as our spiritual leader. 00:36:56.800 --> 00:37:03.920 He's the guy who calls together all the bishops, Anglican bishops in the world to meet um every decade. 00:37:04.079 --> 00:37:08.960 Um the last one was in um 2018. 00:37:09.599 --> 00:37:20.400 And but he is a spiritual leader, he has no authority in the United States, other than being a spiritual leader. 00:37:20.719 --> 00:37:42.639 In the United States, we have a presiding bishop who calls together our trinal conventions, and that uh gentleman is known as Michael Curry, and he is perhaps most famous for his um sermon at the marriage of uh Henry and Meghan Marble. 00:37:42.880 --> 00:37:43.199 Yes, yeah. 00:37:44.239 --> 00:37:45.119 Uh thank you. 00:37:45.280 --> 00:37:51.840 Senior moments here, um, which, if you haven't heard it, it was an amazing, amazing sermon. 00:37:52.239 --> 00:37:54.800 Um he said he was given five minutes. 00:37:54.880 --> 00:37:56.559 He took twelve or fifteen. 00:37:58.800 --> 00:38:01.039 But who was gonna uh take him down? 00:38:01.199 --> 00:38:18.239 Now, uh it should be said that while he is the presiding bishop and calls and presides over the national convention that we hold in the church every three years, he has no authority in the diocese of Texas or any other diocese for that matter. 00:38:18.639 --> 00:38:26.079 Uh in this diocese, Andy Doyle, our elected bishop, uh, is basically the boss. 00:38:26.400 --> 00:38:27.599 He's his boss. 00:38:28.320 --> 00:38:38.000 And uh that's why you see, if you look at the the uh our bulletins, you can see Andy Doyle at the top of the list, uh, who's in this church. 00:38:38.239 --> 00:38:54.320 It is believed that Andy Doyle, and we'll go into this in more detail, uh, is in direct succession with the from the apostles, and he actually has on his wall a list of the various bishops in consecration back to Saint Peter. 00:38:54.880 --> 00:39:08.960 So when the bishop lays his hands on your head, in a sense, you are having physical contact with Jesus Christ and Saint Peter and the uh apostles of the early church. 00:39:09.199 --> 00:39:11.840 That's what we call an apostolic succession. 00:39:12.000 --> 00:39:31.519 We'll hear more about that uh in a later session, but um since you asked that's can I speak one other word to that just really fast, which is that we're called the Anglican Communion, and of course there are different heads of churches like Michael Curry, who's our representative head, not our actual head. 00:39:31.920 --> 00:39:37.199 What we ended up doing in the Episcopal Church is sort of the separation between federal and state rights. 00:39:37.360 --> 00:39:39.920 We came out really heavy in states' rights. 00:39:41.280 --> 00:39:51.119 So we really have a federalist system, every bishop is autonomous in her or his diocese, so the bishop of San Diego has no jurisdiction over the bishop of Texas. 00:39:51.440 --> 00:40:02.239 The Bishop of San Diego could forbid marriage between interracial couples, and that's his well, that's her prerogative. 00:40:02.320 --> 00:40:05.920 And if she does that, all the priests have to do it. 00:40:06.320 --> 00:40:09.599 And there's no speaking to that at the national convention. 00:40:09.840 --> 00:40:15.840 The other thing that's really interesting is sometimes you'll hear, oh, like there's that Anglican church in Pasadena. 00:40:16.079 --> 00:40:22.000 There's actually no Anglican church in America that's in communion, in the Anglican communion. 00:40:22.159 --> 00:40:28.480 The way that works, if it's an Anglican church, they have an African bishop as their bishop. 00:40:29.119 --> 00:40:30.480 I don't know if that makes sense. 00:40:30.639 --> 00:40:41.360 Uh what that means is usually somebody in Rwanda or perhaps somebody in Kenya is the bishop of these Anglican priests in America. 00:40:41.519 --> 00:40:48.000 The only church in America in communion, in the Anglican Communion, is the Episcopal Church of the United States. 00:40:48.719 --> 00:40:53.440 So they're essentially foreign bishops over these Anglican churches. 00:40:55.440 --> 00:41:01.519 It's a strange thing because it you know, part of the reason we had the Reformation was absentee bishops. 00:41:02.079 --> 00:41:07.119 But what's happened is we now have absentee bishops in Anglican churches. 00:41:07.360 --> 00:41:08.880 I don't know if you're interested in that. 00:41:09.199 --> 00:41:16.559 Well that's part of my interest in why has that become the case? 00:41:17.039 --> 00:41:19.679 It yeah, I I'll speak to it really briefly. 00:41:19.840 --> 00:41:32.719 It came the case because of two things the ordination of women, which happened in 1976, and ordination of women did not happen because there was a general convention and we decided it was a good idea. 00:41:32.880 --> 00:41:37.840 It happened because a couple of bishops ordained some women, and then they had to deal with it. 00:41:38.079 --> 00:41:41.440 And so they did it, and then they talked about it. 00:41:41.840 --> 00:41:45.119 And maybe that one went okay. 00:41:45.199 --> 00:41:46.880 We're ahead of the rest of the world on that. 00:41:47.039 --> 00:41:49.039 We preceded England in doing that. 00:41:49.280 --> 00:41:51.679 Certainly they didn't do that in Africa. 00:41:52.000 --> 00:41:59.280 Um the straw that really caused all the tension was the ordination of openly gay Gene Robinson to the episcopate. 00:41:59.360 --> 00:42:08.960 So Gene Robinson was ordained, he's an openly gay man, was ordained, or consecrated rather, in New Hampshire without asking the church's permission. 00:42:09.119 --> 00:42:11.519 The diocese of New Hampshire just did it. 00:42:11.760 --> 00:42:15.199 And then the national church had to decide what to do with that. 00:42:15.360 --> 00:42:17.199 They couldn't unconsecrate him. 00:42:17.280 --> 00:42:20.000 He'd been consecrate, you can't unconsecrate somebody. 00:42:20.079 --> 00:42:22.320 That's in our theology. 00:42:22.800 --> 00:42:30.320 So was he going to be a one-off and the national church was going to forbid it as if they could, because remember, every diocese is independent. 00:42:30.800 --> 00:42:40.000 So that's put us at great tension with the rest of the Anglican communion because we're so far ahead of the rest of the world that that's been the tension. 00:42:40.079 --> 00:42:47.199 And if you heard the Anglican Communion kind of censored us in 2018, and it's because of that. 00:42:47.440 --> 00:42:50.239 We've moved so far ahead of Africa. 00:42:50.559 --> 00:42:54.320 We're a little ahead of England, but we're way ahead of Africa. 00:42:54.559 --> 00:42:59.519 And the the place where the church is growing the fastest is Africa, not England or the United States. 00:42:59.920 --> 00:43:06.239 A few years ago, the average Episcopalian was a 22-year-old black woman living in Africa. 00:43:06.480 --> 00:43:06.719 Yeah. 00:43:07.519 --> 00:43:15.519 So of the tens of millions of Anglicans, a lot of them are there in Africa. 00:43:15.679 --> 00:43:29.840 And so their bishops are able to represent a lot of people, and there are a lot of them, because uh bishops need to be able to travel around and see folks and um bless and confirm and uh and the like. 00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:32.800 And so there are a lot of African bishops. 00:43:33.440 --> 00:43:43.039 Uh, and as a result, they carry a lot of weight in these uh uh once-a-decade uh Lambeth uh conferences. 00:43:43.679 --> 00:43:53.039 And the other thing that that irritated the Anglican Anglican church was the fact we changed prayer books. 00:43:53.360 --> 00:43:57.280 And we'll go into that a lot more in in detail, but um 00:44:00.320 --> 00:44:06.719 Like totally not in this conversation, but you brought up the Methodist, the development of the Methodist. 00:44:07.519 --> 00:44:10.239 Was that out of the Anglican church in England? 00:44:10.559 --> 00:44:12.800 Okay, now are they still connected then? 00:44:13.199 --> 00:44:16.320 John Methodist John Wesley died an Anglican priest. 00:44:16.480 --> 00:44:16.719 Okay. 00:44:16.960 --> 00:44:19.440 So he he never was a Methodist. 00:44:19.679 --> 00:44:19.920 Right. 00:44:20.159 --> 00:44:26.719 The Methodist church came after Wesley because he'd ordained people to the priesthood during his life because no bishops would do it. 00:44:27.360 --> 00:44:37.440 And the real difference between us and the Methodists is John Wesley was a romantic, so you know we went for the Great Awakenings happened during Romanticism. 00:44:37.599 --> 00:44:47.199 And what they did is they said there's scripture, tradition, and reason, but they added a fourth idea which is experience. 00:44:48.159 --> 00:44:57.920 When Richard Hooker said there's reason, he included experience, but because John Wesley was a romantic, he created it as a separate category, and it's called the quadrilateral. 00:44:58.079 --> 00:45:04.480 If you look at the United Methodist Book of Worship, it's surprisingly close to our prayer book. 00:45:04.639 --> 00:45:08.559 I don't know very many Methodist churches that are that high. 00:45:08.800 --> 00:45:12.559 But the book of worship has got some beautiful liturgy in it. 00:45:13.199 --> 00:45:16.400 The baptismal song we sing when we baptize comes out of that. 00:45:16.719 --> 00:45:21.360 I actually pinch from that a lot because it's very, very thoughtful and very rooted. 00:45:21.519 --> 00:45:27.760 The curious thing is that the way the Methodists govern themselves is very like the Church of England. 00:45:28.000 --> 00:45:30.719 People are appointed, they're moved at the will of the bishop. 00:45:30.800 --> 00:45:32.559 We don't actually work that way. 00:45:32.880 --> 00:45:40.239 We chose the Federalist system that has states rights, like a rector is not appointed by the bishop. 00:45:40.480 --> 00:45:44.719 A rector comes tenured, and the bishop cannot move me. 00:45:45.039 --> 00:45:51.280 The bishop cannot cannot uh what do I want to say, cannot deflock me. 00:45:51.440 --> 00:45:55.360 The bishop cannot um censor me for being a heretic. 00:45:55.519 --> 00:45:58.800 The bishop has to call an ecclesiastical court to try me. 00:45:58.960 --> 00:46:01.679 In the Methodist church, it works very differently. 00:46:02.239 --> 00:46:20.079 But speaking of that though, as we search for a rector, we have to submit a list of candidates to the bishop, and the bishop vets that list and blesses it, and uh also blesses the final choice on that list. 00:46:20.239 --> 00:46:23.760 So it's not the bishop has some involvement in the church. 00:46:24.079 --> 00:46:25.440 It's called checks and balances. 00:46:25.679 --> 00:46:27.679 That's what we learned in the Federalist system, right? 00:46:27.760 --> 00:46:29.440 There's checks and balances. 00:46:30.559 --> 00:46:44.079 So um anything else that uh say we covered an awful lot in a very short period of time, and I'm I'm amazed uh we're that we're this close to being on time. 00:46:44.639 --> 00:46:50.880 Uh so uh we could add a lot of details to this. 00:46:51.039 --> 00:47:00.400