WEBVTT 00:00:00.719 --> 00:00:02.240 Hey, good morning, welcome back. 00:00:02.399 --> 00:00:09.439 And um I I see many of you are clearly trying to atone for some sins by being here on the 23rd. 00:00:09.519 --> 00:00:11.439 Uh, but grateful that you're here. 00:00:11.599 --> 00:00:25.839 Uh the goal for us to do is to try to actually do a little bit of hey, we talked about like scripture and tradition, like church history in 40 minutes, and you didn't talk about my question. 00:00:26.000 --> 00:00:27.920 Uh so that's part of our goal. 00:00:28.160 --> 00:00:31.440 First uh thing I want to recap, if you didn't mind. 00:00:31.760 --> 00:00:33.920 I um this happens sometimes. 00:00:34.000 --> 00:00:38.960 I'm gonna call it a junior moment, if you want, um, but this is one of them. 00:00:39.119 --> 00:00:50.159 Um these letters I can't believe I said this wrong last week, but um falsely attributed. 00:00:50.320 --> 00:00:52.479 I got this totally backward last week. 00:00:52.640 --> 00:00:56.320 This does not stand for in the sign you'll conquer. 00:00:56.560 --> 00:01:01.840 This is the first three letters of well, it's funny. 00:01:02.159 --> 00:01:06.319 If I wanted to write Jesus in Greek, it would look like this. 00:01:06.560 --> 00:01:08.879 A terminal S in Greek goes like that. 00:01:09.040 --> 00:01:10.879 When it's in the middle word, it goes like that. 00:01:11.040 --> 00:01:23.519 So if you've seen this, it looks like IHS, and it is in fact Yoda eta sigma, which is a shortening for just Jesus, if that makes sense. 00:01:24.000 --> 00:01:39.359 Um again, these some and and I quoted this thing last week that said this is in hoc signal, something in the sign you'll conquer, which is in Latin something it could be, but it's not Latin, it's it's Greek. 00:01:39.439 --> 00:01:42.000 So that that's an in oops. 00:01:42.159 --> 00:01:56.640 Um just as I mentioned to you last week that um for a long time now this has been the star the magi followed, uh, and it's the beginning of Christos in in Greek. 00:01:56.879 --> 00:02:00.000 If that's helpful to see, that's that's that. 00:02:00.239 --> 00:02:10.319 Um maybe just as a good reminder, this word is Christ, and really what it means is Messiah. 00:02:11.520 --> 00:02:20.800 So Christ is the Greek version of the Hebrew word Meshach or Messiah, which literally means in Hebrew, anointed one. 00:02:21.199 --> 00:02:26.479 So maybe you know the answer to this if you if you're a European history person. 00:02:27.039 --> 00:02:30.960 Where historically was the French king coronated? 00:02:31.120 --> 00:02:32.240 Does anybody know? 00:02:33.039 --> 00:02:36.000 To be king of France, you had to be coronated. 00:02:38.240 --> 00:02:38.639 Rem. 00:02:40.479 --> 00:02:43.199 Reims, R-H-E-I-M-S, right? 00:02:43.360 --> 00:02:45.039 This is true of the Thirty Years' War. 00:02:45.199 --> 00:02:55.759 Part of what Joan of Arc did was freed Rem from English occupation so that the Dauphine, which is like the heir to the throne, could be crowned King of France. 00:02:56.080 --> 00:02:58.479 Because you could only be crowned at Rem. 00:02:58.800 --> 00:03:03.039 That was like the the Reims in English, is how it looks. 00:03:03.199 --> 00:03:04.800 Anyway, that's what you had to do. 00:03:04.879 --> 00:03:07.360 So that you had to go to that cathedral to be the king of France. 00:03:07.520 --> 00:03:13.360 Well, in Hebrew, in the Hebrew tradition, the the coronation involved a crown second. 00:03:13.840 --> 00:03:28.960 Um, the way you became uh your coronation actually was when a prophet, probably also a priest, like in the case of Samuel, who was a prophet and a priest and acting as king, dumped oil on your head. 00:03:29.199 --> 00:03:34.960 That was the equivalent to being crowned at Rem when Samuel poured oil on your head. 00:03:35.120 --> 00:03:46.000 So the Messiah really means someone who is coronated to be a political leader, mind you, by a prophet. 00:03:46.240 --> 00:03:52.960 And it is through anointing with oil and not like a dab on your head, like a dumping of oil on your head. 00:03:53.120 --> 00:04:10.080 So just to keep in mind, when we hear that word messiah, we say like Jesus is the messiah, and the answer is Jesus is a messiah, biblically, because Saul was a messiah, David was a messiah, Solomon was a messiah. 00:04:10.639 --> 00:04:12.159 There were many other messiahs. 00:04:12.400 --> 00:04:19.040 When we say Jesus is the Messiah, we mean like truth claim capital T or Messiah capital M. 00:04:19.120 --> 00:04:23.439 But please know Hebrew kings were anointed with oil and that made them Messiahs. 00:04:23.600 --> 00:04:24.879 Does that make sense? 00:04:25.199 --> 00:04:27.040 And that's a tradition we have. 00:04:27.199 --> 00:04:39.920 In fact, Kathy, maybe Kathy Hollowell told me that the queen to this day is anointed with oil, or the king is anointed with oil out of that tradition. 00:04:40.079 --> 00:04:42.000 But it's not a European custom. 00:04:42.319 --> 00:04:44.480 This is like a biblical tradition. 00:04:44.720 --> 00:04:51.279 Curious to know, this is important, who makes Jesus the Messiah in the biblical story? 00:04:51.360 --> 00:04:52.480 Do you know this fun fact? 00:04:54.399 --> 00:04:56.399 It is not John the Baptist, it's the woman. 00:04:56.560 --> 00:04:57.120 It's the woman. 00:04:57.279 --> 00:04:58.319 The sinful woman. 00:04:58.639 --> 00:05:03.040 John uses water, that's not Messiah making, it must be oil. 00:05:03.279 --> 00:05:11.759 So the sinful woman or the woman who breaks the container, the alabaster container of nard worth a year's wages. 00:05:11.839 --> 00:05:20.720 That's like a hundred thousand dollars, she pours on his head, and that makes him the Messiah, which is arguably why that story is in the gospel. 00:05:20.959 --> 00:05:24.079 That's when Jesus is anointed Messiah Christ. 00:05:24.160 --> 00:05:24.800 Yes, ma'am. 00:05:25.040 --> 00:05:27.680 So you didn't have to be anointed by a priest. 00:05:28.560 --> 00:05:29.120 Prophet. 00:05:29.439 --> 00:05:29.839 Or prophet. 00:05:30.240 --> 00:05:31.360 See, so isn't that interesting? 00:05:31.439 --> 00:05:33.839 This woman is the prophet. 00:05:34.480 --> 00:05:36.800 And in Luke's gospel, so it's important to know. 00:05:36.879 --> 00:05:38.240 We got four gospels, remember? 00:05:38.399 --> 00:05:41.439 In Luke's gospel, she's a sinful woman. 00:05:42.079 --> 00:05:44.800 In Mark's gospel, she's a woman. 00:05:45.519 --> 00:05:49.519 Which is interesting what Luke is telling us about who can be prophets. 00:05:50.560 --> 00:05:52.079 That's helpful to know, isn't it? 00:05:52.319 --> 00:05:56.240 That sinful people can still speak on behalf of God. 00:05:56.560 --> 00:05:59.199 That means there's hope for me. 00:06:00.480 --> 00:06:01.519 And possibly you two. 00:06:02.079 --> 00:06:03.120 Okay, I was just kidding. 00:06:03.279 --> 00:06:08.319 Okay, so so that was just a little bit of cleanup on those little churchy titles. 00:06:08.480 --> 00:06:08.800 Okay. 00:06:09.360 --> 00:06:16.639 Um, you know, maybe it's helpful for you to see a little bit of other like church iconography historically. 00:06:16.800 --> 00:06:29.279 Um, our old Advent set, uh, we retired it because some malls um were sustained by it, um, had this figure here on the on the chasable. 00:06:30.160 --> 00:06:32.639 And um, that's not the letter T. 00:06:33.600 --> 00:06:39.120 In Greek that would be a tau, which is a Greek T, but actually that's called a Tau cross. 00:06:39.360 --> 00:06:42.240 So it's one way of representing a cross. 00:06:42.399 --> 00:06:52.959 Now, this is maybe helpful for you to know, is that this is probably much more accurate what a cross would have looked like at the time of Jesus. 00:06:53.279 --> 00:06:58.560 So, if you've seen any movie about Jesus, it's probably wrong. 00:06:58.800 --> 00:07:00.480 I want to make sure you know this. 00:07:00.800 --> 00:07:09.279 Particularly if the cross is shaped like that and really tall, and Jesus is carrying that big old thing. 00:07:09.439 --> 00:07:17.360 And if you've seen one where he gets attached to a cross on his back, like supine, and then they like lower it into a hole, dead wrong. 00:07:17.519 --> 00:07:19.040 No way it went like that. 00:07:19.199 --> 00:07:24.240 Um, you just have to know the human body can only well carry so much weight. 00:07:24.560 --> 00:07:29.120 Has anybody here ever tried to pick up a railroad tie, just out of curiosity? 00:07:30.079 --> 00:07:32.480 Uh it's really heavy, you know. 00:07:32.720 --> 00:07:36.000 Like I would dare say it's like 225 pounds. 00:07:36.160 --> 00:07:41.120 Now, um, if you're like a high octane athlete, you could carry that by yourself. 00:07:41.279 --> 00:07:44.720 I mean, you could, but you would have had to train for that, you know. 00:07:44.959 --> 00:07:52.720 No Joe Schmoe off the street is going to successfully mount the railroad tie to their shoulders and walk down the Via Dola Rosa. 00:07:52.800 --> 00:07:53.920 It's just not gonna happen. 00:07:54.160 --> 00:07:56.240 So the news is it didn't. 00:07:56.399 --> 00:08:04.000 Uh the way this worked in the ancient world is that there was sort of like a telephone pole in the ground with a notch cut out on top. 00:08:04.160 --> 00:08:06.480 So um, here's here's your visual. 00:08:06.959 --> 00:08:10.319 That's a cylinder, and this is a cylinder too. 00:08:10.480 --> 00:08:18.720 But imagine that there's a notch that's like two inches wide that goes all the way down into that pillar. 00:08:18.879 --> 00:08:21.120 That pillar is probably five foot six. 00:08:21.519 --> 00:08:26.240 The reason I got that number is that was the average height, apparently, of people at the time of Jesus. 00:08:26.399 --> 00:08:28.160 So it's like a head level. 00:08:28.399 --> 00:08:35.200 So when people were to be crucified, what they carried was the beam that fit in that notch. 00:08:36.000 --> 00:08:40.799 That beam was about the size of a two by four, probably four feet long. 00:08:40.960 --> 00:08:46.159 That weighs, best estimate, 10 pounds, and that would be soaking wet, right? 00:08:46.240 --> 00:08:48.960 If you've picked up lumber, it's not so bad. 00:08:49.440 --> 00:08:54.080 There's nobody swarthy enough to snap a two by four. 00:08:54.159 --> 00:08:55.519 I just want you to know. 00:08:55.840 --> 00:09:01.360 Really, I mean, unless that thing has got some dry rot, you will not be snapping that two by four. 00:09:01.440 --> 00:09:05.360 And even if you did, your feet would be attached to that column. 00:09:05.519 --> 00:09:06.960 It would really just be miserable. 00:09:07.120 --> 00:09:08.480 I just want to make sure you know this. 00:09:08.559 --> 00:09:12.960 So people in the ancient world are crucified at eye level, not up. 00:09:13.519 --> 00:09:21.600 Anytime you see a movie or a painting where Jesus is up, that's a theological statement, not a historic one, if that makes sense. 00:09:21.840 --> 00:09:22.159 Okay? 00:09:23.120 --> 00:09:29.840 Just to give you a little bit of an idea, and you probably know this, there's two ways you die from being attached to a cross. 00:09:30.000 --> 00:09:37.919 Uh, one is uh you you asphyxiate, so you're your sort of your lungs collapse and you can't breathe, so you suffocate. 00:09:38.080 --> 00:09:44.159 Uh the other way, which is actually probably more common, is that your body just goes into shock and you just die. 00:09:44.320 --> 00:09:48.080 I mean, you you just shut down, basically, and you and you die. 00:09:48.399 --> 00:10:00.320 Um when you hear in the gospel that Jesus was offered like a mild sedative, myrrh mixed with wine, and he declined it, um studies say that that was so you wouldn't go into shock. 00:10:00.399 --> 00:10:02.480 It wasn't so crucifixion wouldn't hurt. 00:10:02.639 --> 00:10:06.639 It's so you wouldn't die of shock, so you would die over days instead of hours. 00:10:06.960 --> 00:10:08.480 If that makes sense. 00:10:08.639 --> 00:10:13.200 Um, because these things, these billboards are right outside the city gate. 00:10:13.279 --> 00:10:15.360 Remember, most people live outside the gate. 00:10:15.440 --> 00:10:18.799 They come in to do business, they leave because cities are very small. 00:10:19.039 --> 00:10:24.399 Everyone's passing these, which are like billboards that say this is what happens if you mess with Rome. 00:10:24.639 --> 00:10:28.879 And they want that to last a long time to be an effective advertisement. 00:10:28.960 --> 00:10:29.679 Yes, ma'am. 00:10:30.240 --> 00:10:38.080 What caused the change of the representation of the cross from what it was to what it is? 00:10:38.480 --> 00:10:39.360 Glad you asked that. 00:10:39.440 --> 00:10:52.320 And probably it has to do initially with the idea, Polly, that um there's a little sign up here that says, and maybe you've heard this, this is in Latin, here lies Jesus, King of the Jews. 00:10:52.559 --> 00:10:55.440 So trying to figure out where that goes. 00:10:56.000 --> 00:11:05.440 And um, it goes up there, and if you do it long enough, well, that it ends up having the same proportion of these, if that sort of makes sense. 00:11:05.679 --> 00:11:09.039 But please know, Jesus apparently didn't carry that placard. 00:11:09.360 --> 00:11:14.000 We have no idea how big it is, and and we don't really know where it was put. 00:11:14.720 --> 00:11:16.159 Is that helpful to say? 00:11:16.879 --> 00:11:23.279 Uh the other thing we don't know, and and by the way, I just want to make sure you know just a few bits about this, because we get this wrong. 00:11:23.519 --> 00:11:30.799 In general, if you go into a Roman church or a Roman school, you'll always see Jesus kind of like this, right? 00:11:31.120 --> 00:11:35.039 And usually in the Roman tradition, Jesus is physically on the cross. 00:11:35.279 --> 00:11:37.759 In the Protestant tradition, he tends not to be. 00:11:38.320 --> 00:11:42.240 There's gradients there, but that tends to be how we how we do this. 00:11:42.480 --> 00:11:46.159 And he's always clothed, and that would not have happened. 00:11:46.559 --> 00:11:48.000 People were crucified naked. 00:11:48.320 --> 00:11:57.120 This is to humiliate Jewish people, quite honestly, who um uh well didn't believe who had high standards of modesty against the Greco-Roman culture. 00:11:57.279 --> 00:11:59.919 Um again, usually it's really long. 00:12:00.080 --> 00:12:03.600 Remember, that's just a theological claim, not a historic one. 00:12:03.759 --> 00:12:09.200 Um in this reality here that I'm showing you, you don't need ladders or or anything. 00:12:09.279 --> 00:12:11.120 You I mean you don't need anything special. 00:12:11.360 --> 00:12:17.919 You need two guys, and you put that little beam in there, and then you rope somebody's arms around that little beam however you want to. 00:12:18.080 --> 00:12:20.720 So we don't know that people were crucified like this. 00:12:20.879 --> 00:12:22.879 They may have been like that. 00:12:23.039 --> 00:12:26.720 It's just however people chose to do it, is how it was done. 00:12:26.960 --> 00:12:32.000 It was up to the centurion or the soldier, frankly, to be as cruel as they chose to be. 00:12:32.240 --> 00:12:34.320 Uh, nails were not necessary. 00:12:34.879 --> 00:12:37.919 In fact, nails won't support your weight at any bone point. 00:12:38.559 --> 00:12:48.799 They've run simulations in this, and um you use ropes and then you add nails, frankly, for just the nastiness of it, if that sort of makes sense. 00:12:50.559 --> 00:12:54.000 Um, there's a problem when people are crucified at eye levels. 00:12:54.080 --> 00:13:05.919 So when you hear the Pharisees spat in Jesus' face, in this diagram you're thinking like a watermelon seed spitting contest like up in the air, but in the reality, it's eye to eye. 00:13:06.080 --> 00:13:07.279 And you can smack the per. 00:13:07.600 --> 00:13:10.639 You mean you you know you see it's very, very, very close. 00:13:11.519 --> 00:13:19.440 Um, so um like you, and you already asked the question, Polly, how do we go from the tau cross to the lowercase T? 00:13:19.600 --> 00:13:21.440 And I think it has to do with the placard. 00:13:22.320 --> 00:13:29.759 You can read a book by James Carroll called Constantine's Sword that says, interestingly enough, it's because this is shaped like a sword. 00:13:29.919 --> 00:13:31.039 I just think that's silly. 00:13:32.399 --> 00:13:35.200 I mean, it's an interesting idea, but I don't think so. 00:13:35.360 --> 00:13:41.759 Because again, Constantine did not paint that on his soldier's shields, he painted that, which looks nothing like a sword. 00:13:42.159 --> 00:13:43.679 Does that make sense what I'm saying? 00:13:45.120 --> 00:13:55.679 Um in the Eastern tradition, the cross changed, and it's got uh this as the title, Inri, Here Lies Jesus King of the Jews. 00:13:55.759 --> 00:14:07.360 So see, they the Eastern tradition decided the cross was shaped like that, but when you put the placard on it, it's like this, and then typically in the Russian tradition and in the Eastern tradition as well, you've got a diagonal line. 00:14:07.519 --> 00:14:11.120 This is because one person goes to hell and the other person goes to heaven. 00:14:11.279 --> 00:14:15.440 The story says there's two thieves. 00:14:15.600 --> 00:14:18.080 Oh, they're not thieves, they're they're insurrectionists. 00:14:18.159 --> 00:14:19.919 They're they're zealots or they're gorillas. 00:14:20.159 --> 00:14:22.240 Thieves is just a bad translation. 00:14:22.399 --> 00:14:24.559 Um, who are crucified next to Jesus. 00:14:24.720 --> 00:14:28.080 So that that is a little bit of cross iconography. 00:14:28.240 --> 00:14:29.919 You'll see lots of different ones. 00:14:30.080 --> 00:14:36.559 Um, you know, on the Episcopal shield, we have this one, and that is a cross that's called the cross of St. 00:14:36.720 --> 00:14:37.120 Andrews. 00:14:37.279 --> 00:14:42.240 Now it turns out crucifixion was not invented by Romans, it was perfected by them. 00:14:42.399 --> 00:14:45.120 Crucifixion was invented by Persians. 00:14:45.360 --> 00:14:52.559 So you're thinking Darius, Cyrus, modern-day Iran, Iraq, and um they used that. 00:14:52.720 --> 00:14:54.480 That's a Persian cross. 00:14:54.960 --> 00:14:58.320 You see, again, no one can carry that. 00:14:59.679 --> 00:15:06.320 These are not big professional football players who are used to pushing on sleds and doing crossfit. 00:15:06.559 --> 00:15:07.759 These are like farmers. 00:15:08.000 --> 00:15:12.879 They could carry milk a long way, but not excessive poundage of lumber. 00:15:13.039 --> 00:15:17.440 So you kind of already have to have this permanently made to use it. 00:15:17.519 --> 00:15:19.039 It's like having a gallows. 00:15:19.120 --> 00:15:27.360 You know, every town in the Middle Ages had a permanent gallow in the city square, and you know, all executions were public. 00:15:28.399 --> 00:15:30.080 Maybe even compulsory. 00:15:30.320 --> 00:15:35.039 Would be really interesting to think about how we do this today. 00:15:35.279 --> 00:15:42.399 If you had to watch people in the gas chamber and the electric chair, would you feel different about capital punishment? 00:15:42.480 --> 00:15:44.159 That's an interesting question. 00:15:45.360 --> 00:15:48.480 This was extremely worse than the gas chamber and the electric chair. 00:15:48.559 --> 00:15:54.159 I just want to make sure you know, like in terms of duration, you'd be there, I mean four or five days. 00:15:54.720 --> 00:15:56.720 Um apparently St. 00:15:56.960 --> 00:15:59.919 Andrew was crucified on this one. 00:16:00.080 --> 00:16:03.679 That's the tradition, which is why he's on the Episcopal Shield. 00:16:03.759 --> 00:16:10.399 Remember, we use the Scottish Rite, so this is a symbol of Scotland on the Episcopal Shield. 00:16:11.120 --> 00:16:14.480 Just to demonstrate, here's the Episcopal Shield. 00:16:16.399 --> 00:16:22.559 It's got a cross, and then it's got these X's here. 00:16:22.720 --> 00:16:23.759 You see, and there's a St. 00:16:23.840 --> 00:16:24.720 Andrews Cross. 00:16:28.559 --> 00:16:29.679 Jumping jack. 00:16:32.159 --> 00:16:38.240 Maybe, but again, the evidence is hard to know because it could have been like this. 00:16:39.519 --> 00:16:41.759 It's whatever they wanted to do to you. 00:16:42.480 --> 00:16:44.240 Again, it's not like a standard way. 00:16:44.399 --> 00:16:49.600 Like I said, we we've got the arm could have been wrapped underneath. 00:16:49.759 --> 00:16:52.639 It's just whatever they wanted to do, is what you got. 00:16:53.200 --> 00:16:53.519 Yeah. 00:16:54.000 --> 00:17:01.519 Could be Polly, like in this one, they wrap you to the two by four, and then just one guy on either end just hefted you up and dropped you in the slot, and that's that. 00:17:02.399 --> 00:17:08.160 Could be, they put the two by four in and then pushed you up and held you. 00:17:08.240 --> 00:17:09.039 That'd take more people. 00:17:09.200 --> 00:17:10.880 You know, I mean, so you just got to think through. 00:17:11.039 --> 00:17:16.079 This is not like a time where there's police, soldiers are expensive. 00:17:16.640 --> 00:17:19.839 They want to do this as efficiently and painfully as possible. 00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:22.000 That's sort of the the goal here. 00:17:22.079 --> 00:17:22.400 Okay? 00:17:22.799 --> 00:17:26.559 So again, you'll see you'll see this cross sometimes as well. 00:17:26.799 --> 00:17:30.640 If you ever go to the kneelers in our church, the kneelers have this needle point. 00:17:30.799 --> 00:17:33.119 There's many, many other different crosses. 00:17:33.279 --> 00:17:39.920 Interestingly enough, um, there's the cross of Saint John, which is shaped like this. 00:17:42.960 --> 00:17:45.119 And all that is is cruciform. 00:17:45.519 --> 00:17:49.200 So no one ever was crucified on that shape, nobody ever. 00:17:49.519 --> 00:17:54.000 This is because when the Knights of St. 00:17:54.160 --> 00:17:59.519 John were formed, they came from eight different places, and there's eight places. 00:18:00.480 --> 00:18:02.319 And they're still resident in Malta. 00:18:02.400 --> 00:18:07.680 So that's called the Maltese Cross, that little tiny island in the Mediterranean cross of St. 00:18:07.839 --> 00:18:08.079 John. 00:18:08.240 --> 00:18:09.920 So if you ever look at the Society of St. 00:18:10.000 --> 00:18:11.599 John the Evangelist, there's that one. 00:18:11.680 --> 00:18:12.960 That that's what you'll see. 00:18:13.599 --> 00:18:18.000 Um that's mostly what you get crosswise, just sort of so you know. 00:18:20.720 --> 00:18:28.480 Um, you know, the chazu that uh that I'm wearing right now has Jesus depicted as the Agnes Day. 00:18:28.559 --> 00:18:37.519 So it's a it's a sheep, and usually with a little flag like this, that has Yesus like that. 00:18:37.680 --> 00:18:40.240 I the the the Yoda Ada Sigma. 00:18:40.559 --> 00:18:50.960 And and Jesus is depicted again as the Lamb of God because John the Baptist says, look, the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world. 00:18:51.119 --> 00:18:56.480 And in tradition, we've sort of mapped that that Jesus is like the Passover Lamb. 00:18:57.599 --> 00:18:59.839 Do you know about the Feast of Passover? 00:19:00.799 --> 00:19:05.759 Passover is arguably like the most important Jewish holiday. 00:19:06.000 --> 00:19:08.559 I know you're going to say, no, it's not, it's Yom Kippur. 00:19:08.720 --> 00:19:12.559 If you're a regular Jewish person, Passover is the most important Jewish holiday. 00:19:12.720 --> 00:19:13.359 Still today. 00:19:13.519 --> 00:19:19.440 In fact, many people who are like culturally Jewish only keep kosher during that week. 00:19:19.599 --> 00:19:24.559 So, you know, this commemorates the time when they were in Egypt and God was going to deliver them. 00:19:24.799 --> 00:19:30.319 And there wasn't enough time for the bread to rise, so they eat flat bread. 00:19:30.720 --> 00:19:34.079 Please, they did not have yeast packets. 00:19:34.720 --> 00:19:41.839 It wasn't that yeast was bad, it was that the bread rose overnight from something like sourdough starter. 00:19:42.400 --> 00:19:47.839 There wasn't time for the bread to rise, so they cooked it before it did, which was why it's flattish. 00:19:48.799 --> 00:19:57.119 We use yeast in our communion bread because, frankly, there was yeast in the Passover bread the first time. 00:19:57.279 --> 00:19:59.759 It just didn't have time to rise. 00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:00.319 Okay? 00:20:00.640 --> 00:20:01.839 Nothing bad with yeast. 00:20:01.920 --> 00:20:03.680 It's all about make haste. 00:20:04.400 --> 00:20:12.880 So you use flat bread all week, and uh you have to do this hunting for any yeast product in your home and clean it out. 00:20:12.960 --> 00:20:13.759 I don't know if you know this. 00:20:13.839 --> 00:20:14.720 It's supposed to be a game. 00:20:14.799 --> 00:20:15.839 You play this with children. 00:20:16.000 --> 00:20:18.160 It's called find the yeast and get rid of it. 00:20:18.400 --> 00:20:21.839 You clean everything, like the inside of your oven, because yeast was in there. 00:20:22.000 --> 00:20:26.240 You clean the inside of your refrigerator in case the vestiges of the yeast were there. 00:20:26.319 --> 00:20:27.759 This is something you do today. 00:20:28.000 --> 00:20:29.759 Then comes time for the lamb. 00:20:29.920 --> 00:20:34.079 You know, back then people only ate meat on festival days. 00:20:34.960 --> 00:20:36.160 Animals were precious. 00:20:36.240 --> 00:20:40.799 If you killed a lamb, you just lost all the wool it would produce and the milk. 00:20:41.039 --> 00:20:44.559 So you don't want to do that often, or you you lose a lot of commodities. 00:20:44.640 --> 00:20:54.240 And when you're a subsistence farmer, I mean, this even in our own country, like my grandparents were not sharecroppers, but close to it, you didn't have meat every day. 00:20:54.319 --> 00:20:57.359 I mean, this is a more modern invention that we eat meat every day. 00:20:57.440 --> 00:20:59.359 Um, the animals were just sort of precious. 00:20:59.519 --> 00:21:01.599 So, what's the instructions? 00:21:01.839 --> 00:21:07.200 The first Passover is flat bread, you eat it standing up, fully dressed to go on a run. 00:21:07.680 --> 00:21:13.440 You've even got your hand tucked into your belt, and that lamb that you cook you're supposed to just devour. 00:21:13.839 --> 00:21:15.599 Scarf it down quickly. 00:21:15.839 --> 00:21:22.000 It's full of fat, you know, and calories because it's nutrition for the journey. 00:21:22.240 --> 00:21:27.200 You're getting ready to go on a long walk, and this is you loading up for the journey. 00:21:27.519 --> 00:21:31.359 That animal had nothing to do with your sins. 00:21:31.519 --> 00:21:32.559 This is important to know. 00:21:32.720 --> 00:21:34.799 You can read this in the Passover story. 00:21:35.039 --> 00:21:40.160 The animal does not take your place, the animal is strengthening your journey. 00:21:40.319 --> 00:21:42.559 Why do you put the blood on the doorstep? 00:21:42.720 --> 00:21:45.920 The blood isn't magic, the blood is the life of the animal. 00:21:46.079 --> 00:21:50.319 So in the ancient world, we think life is in your brain and in your heart. 00:21:50.480 --> 00:21:52.880 For them, the symbol of life was blood. 00:21:52.960 --> 00:21:57.200 And if you're Jewish still today, you can't eat blood. 00:21:57.680 --> 00:21:59.759 You're all of the blood of the animal. 00:22:00.480 --> 00:22:01.599 Has to be drained. 00:22:01.759 --> 00:22:06.799 So blood sausage, great if you're Irish, not if you're Jewish. 00:22:08.000 --> 00:22:12.880 That's because the life of the animal belongs to God, not to people. 00:22:13.039 --> 00:22:18.960 And if you drink the blood, you're taking the life for yourself and it's God's. 00:22:19.440 --> 00:22:23.519 That's sort of the Hebrew understanding of why you drain that blood out. 00:22:23.680 --> 00:22:29.839 So they put this on their door as a marker that this life is God's and we're ready for the journey. 00:22:32.720 --> 00:22:36.720 So the Lamb of God is about strength for the journey. 00:22:38.240 --> 00:22:40.319 And I don't want to say it's changed in the wrong way. 00:22:40.400 --> 00:22:42.720 This is not about wrong, it's just that we've changed it. 00:22:42.880 --> 00:22:47.680 A lot of times we hear Jesus is the Passover lamb, so he's like God's offering for our sin. 00:22:47.839 --> 00:22:50.559 But please know the Passover lamb was not that. 00:22:55.920 --> 00:23:00.480 No person can atone for the sin of the people. 00:23:00.720 --> 00:23:02.720 Only the high priest can do that. 00:23:02.960 --> 00:23:05.519 And regular people kill the Passover lamb. 00:23:05.759 --> 00:23:07.440 Does it make sense what I'm saying? 00:23:07.680 --> 00:23:11.359 So the Agnes Day represents a couple opportunities for us. 00:23:11.519 --> 00:23:16.559 One is, oh, it's like Jesus took our place and died for our sins. 00:23:16.880 --> 00:23:25.599 Another is, Jesus represents strength for our journey to God's promised land from the captivity we're living in. 00:23:26.400 --> 00:23:29.759 I think they could both be compelling cases. 00:23:29.920 --> 00:23:33.599 But please notice there's two and they're not mutually exclusive. 00:23:33.920 --> 00:23:35.839 Does that make sense what I'm saying? 00:23:36.079 --> 00:23:42.319 When John the Baptist says, the Lamb that takes away the sin of the world, it may not mean he's taking our place. 00:23:42.480 --> 00:23:46.720 It may be the one who's going to strengthen you for your journey. 00:23:47.599 --> 00:23:51.359 This is part of the difference between God's table and an altar. 00:23:51.519 --> 00:23:52.559 Do you see? 00:23:53.440 --> 00:23:54.160 Both and. 00:23:54.400 --> 00:23:57.839 In the Anglican book of common prayer, it's a table. 00:23:58.079 --> 00:24:00.799 In the Scottish book, it's an altar. 00:24:04.160 --> 00:24:14.319 What does the view of blood in the Jewish tradition have to do with the union service? 00:24:16.799 --> 00:24:18.960 Well, I'd say it depends, right? 00:24:19.039 --> 00:24:30.480 Again, because of our Jewish heritage, right, um, Jewish people would cringe at the idea of drinking the blood of Jesus. 00:24:30.720 --> 00:24:37.519 So a strict transubstantiation did not exist for a long time that the wine becomes blood. 00:24:37.680 --> 00:24:38.480 For them, right? 00:24:38.559 --> 00:24:39.759 I mean, just think through. 00:24:39.920 --> 00:24:45.119 If blood is a symbol of life, Jesus says, this wine is like my life. 00:24:47.279 --> 00:24:50.720 So be filled with my life. 00:24:51.279 --> 00:24:56.000 And in general, we've changed it to be filled with Jesus' death. 00:24:56.319 --> 00:25:02.720 In general, that's our metaphor for the blood of Jesus, that it's about his death and his blood covering us. 00:25:02.880 --> 00:25:05.839 And I, you know, this is true as a lay Protestant. 00:25:06.160 --> 00:25:09.359 What can wash away my sin? 00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:13.119 Nothing but the blood of Jesus. 00:25:14.319 --> 00:25:19.119 Well, I don't know why we didn't sing nothing but the love of Jesus, because like I'd rather have that. 00:25:19.839 --> 00:25:25.279 We actually were taught at an early age to not be afraid of like a bloodbath, which is like a terrible. 00:25:25.680 --> 00:25:26.400 Isn't it awful? 00:25:26.559 --> 00:25:27.680 This is an awful image. 00:25:27.759 --> 00:25:34.559 So I think sometimes we take the symbology so literally we forget to take it seriously, right? 00:25:35.039 --> 00:25:40.000 Jesus says, This is my life poured out for you. 00:25:40.240 --> 00:25:45.279 I mean, anybody who has loved you has poured their life out for you. 00:25:45.839 --> 00:25:49.920 We pour our life out for our children, and we don't say we bled for them. 00:25:50.160 --> 00:25:52.480 We might say that, like I would bleed for you. 00:25:52.720 --> 00:25:59.839 Really, we we might mean that literally, but what we're really trying to say is, I would give all my life force for you. 00:26:00.079 --> 00:26:00.480 Right? 00:26:00.640 --> 00:26:02.640 I mean, I think that's what we mean. 00:26:03.519 --> 00:26:06.319 So I think that's our that's an opportunity, right? 00:26:06.960 --> 00:26:09.920 This bread is my body, right? 00:26:10.079 --> 00:26:13.519 If we take that so seriously for we forget to what it's saying, right? 00:26:13.680 --> 00:26:17.200 This is strength for your journey. 00:26:17.599 --> 00:26:19.039 Strength for your journey. 00:26:21.119 --> 00:26:26.799 Well, I just got into theology a little bit, but I think that's related to the symbology, if that makes sense. 00:26:27.119 --> 00:26:29.759 I guess I decided I'd take the symbol track for a second. 00:26:29.839 --> 00:26:35.119 Maybe I should pause and see if there's a different thing you'd like to talk about historically here. 00:26:45.279 --> 00:26:46.559 Do I want to? 00:26:49.359 --> 00:26:52.240 Uh well Noah's acceptable, eh? 00:26:52.640 --> 00:26:57.599 Yeah, I mean, uh, to be honest, that's I I I do feel like I've got enough expertise to make a comment on a style. 00:26:57.680 --> 00:27:01.279 It's just it's it's a stylized way of making of making this cross. 00:27:01.359 --> 00:27:10.079 And of course, you know, um Celtic people love these unending knots that come back on themselves, so this is a sort of a way of doing it and putting a circle around it. 00:27:10.319 --> 00:27:11.519 Have you seen the Celtic cross? 00:27:11.599 --> 00:27:14.640 There's many different representations, but I but I can't speak to it well, Nick. 00:27:14.799 --> 00:27:15.519 Do you know about it? 00:27:17.119 --> 00:27:17.839 Do you do you know? 00:27:17.920 --> 00:27:18.559 Do you want to tell us? 00:27:19.519 --> 00:27:19.839 Okay. 00:27:25.680 --> 00:27:28.160 More symbology or something different? 00:27:28.720 --> 00:27:32.319 Maybe let me pause for a second and talk about titles for the clergy. 00:27:34.160 --> 00:27:36.079 This is a changing thing. 00:27:36.319 --> 00:27:38.160 It's just really important to know. 00:27:38.319 --> 00:27:41.599 There's no uniform titles for clergy. 00:27:41.920 --> 00:27:48.799 I'm gonna put some up there and I'm gonna quiz you and see if you know who should be called by the following titles. 00:27:48.960 --> 00:27:50.000 Are you ready? 00:28:16.640 --> 00:28:18.720 Who gets called the Reverend? 00:28:22.640 --> 00:28:23.279 Go ahead, go ahead. 00:28:23.920 --> 00:28:31.920 I said if you're sending a card, I don't know the card of the Reverend Ted and Anne will be. 00:28:32.319 --> 00:28:33.680 And why would you address it? 00:28:33.759 --> 00:28:35.839 Why would you I've seen it that way before? 00:28:35.920 --> 00:28:36.799 I mean, he's a priest. 00:28:37.279 --> 00:28:37.680 Uh okay. 00:28:38.000 --> 00:28:38.400 He's a priest. 00:28:38.720 --> 00:28:40.480 Are deacons called the Reverend? 00:28:41.599 --> 00:28:42.640 In fact, they are. 00:28:42.799 --> 00:28:45.200 Sometimes they're called the Reverend Deacon. 00:28:45.519 --> 00:28:53.839 But more often than not, nowadays, deacons, you can do it either way, but in general, I see the Reverend a lot for deacons. 00:28:54.160 --> 00:28:57.519 So this is for somebody that's ordained. 00:28:58.160 --> 00:28:59.359 The Reverend. 00:29:00.400 --> 00:29:02.319 Who gets called Reverend? 00:29:04.880 --> 00:29:06.000 Who gets called Reverend? 00:29:06.079 --> 00:29:07.920 So what about Reverend Ted? 00:29:08.160 --> 00:29:08.400 No. 00:29:09.200 --> 00:29:11.599 Somebody with poor grammar, which means they're a Methodist. 00:29:11.680 --> 00:29:12.720 I'm kidding. 00:29:12.799 --> 00:29:13.359 I'm kidding. 00:29:14.079 --> 00:29:14.640 This is true. 00:29:14.720 --> 00:29:17.200 It's grammatically incorrect to call somebody Reverend. 00:29:17.279 --> 00:29:18.319 They're the Reverend. 00:29:20.799 --> 00:29:22.319 You meant the right. 00:29:22.799 --> 00:29:23.119 I did. 00:29:24.400 --> 00:29:24.640 Thank you. 00:29:24.799 --> 00:29:25.200 What? 00:29:25.359 --> 00:29:25.839 Thanks. 00:29:26.000 --> 00:29:26.880 All right, fine. 00:29:27.200 --> 00:29:29.519 Who's called the Very Reverend? 00:29:29.759 --> 00:29:30.799 Do you know that? 00:29:35.920 --> 00:29:46.799 Do you know there's there's there's it's the dean of the cathedral, or any dean in a diocese can be called that, depending on the bishop's permission. 00:29:46.960 --> 00:29:54.000