الحلقة ٢ — ما قبل الاسم: شعوب شمال القوقاز القديمة

قبل أن يُنطق اسم "شركس" بزمن طويل، كان شمال القوقاز يعجّ بشعوب لم تبقَ أسماؤها إلا في كتب الجغرافيا اليونانية والرومانية: الميوت، والزيخ، والسانيغ، والأباسك، والكيركيت، والآنت. في هذه الحلقة نتتبع كل واحدة من هذه الجماعات القديمة: أين عاشت، وماذا كتب عنها الإغريق، وكيف تردّد صدى أسمائها حتى اليوم في أسماء العائلات والقبائل الشركسية، بل وفي مشروب تقليدي ما زال يُقدَّم. نسير مع نهري الكوبان والترك، ونقرأ خرائط بطليموس وبليني، لنصل إلى أمة النارت التي امتدت أساطيرها من نهر الدون إلى البحر الأسود. هذه هي الطبقة التأسيسية العميقة: شمال القوقاز بوصفه متحفًا حيًّا للشعوب القديمة.

Transcript

SPEAKER_01 0:00

Abla Antuja Dakalimatusher Kasi Aslan, Kana L Yuna ni Yun al Kudama, jak tubuna anfamani majatan kabaliyatin sharisa alasahil Bahril Aswad. Baduha Kana Yuhiful Bahara ta' kakarasina li darajati anna shahiran rumaniyan katabetan you haddi rum in home.

SPEAKER_00 0:26

Al qabaq ilul fiali ya tulletiya tuneka mundufajit tarih. Al-muyut, wazih, wa ummatul ant al-Ramidah.

SPEAKER_01 0:36

Hadihi heyah. Alma uswa tul tariqihul il-ummatis shirkasih. Sil sila tubaramija mustamiraton, nastari dufiha head tarih, halkatan tilra, almabniatu wa la Amalit Duktor Muhammad Khair Mamsar Betsh. Anna satanai.

SPEAKER_00 0:55

Wa'ana Aslan. The Khayelu Maya, Karib Swayer, Heshab Khafiv Gidden, Mafujiryani Hhamsa Washrin outalatin Shahsibil Kitir. Al Karibda, bi Hegim Ustul Kemil Mudeggej Bisileh, Teba alil Imbraturia Romania.

SPEAKER_02 1:15

Umishbasibegmu, the Byek sabel maraka ubira ebuhum kamen.

SPEAKER_00 1:19

Bizabt, uh teyelu kabile menseya, wara gibelil kukazil ali, bitabat aptal yek tesiaholyuneniin, fiya okru darhum, wefuzu bil mareqizil ulafil alamil ulumbil kadim.

SPEAKER_03 1:31

Ehnadaiman benbustil gibel diale in naha mugurrod gudron butufsalines, was sukun fihe huwa sejidil mokaf.

SPEAKER_00 1:38

Basedam shayih holis, gibelil kokaz mechanich chikide ebedan, dikanet masrah lehadar cherisa wahawiya fuqil wasf, wa shenkide, rehlit na listik shafia lamikan nahordra, mshadkum mugurrod serdi tarihi gef.

SPEAKER_03 1:51

Ekid, echnahan ghosfatafosil al kukaz, wa tahdi dan il-monta al libin il- Bahr al abyod, ubahl kazwein, minil al-fiyar Raba kablil miled, lahadl karnil awelil miledi.

SPEAKER_00 2:02

Umuhim gidden ablimibda, nawaddahan kulut tafasilul Hakakil Hanna Ishan Nohodda, Mabneabil Kemel Alabah Sadhmegidden, wahuel Mauswa atteriya il Ummashir Kesia l Duktor Muhammad Khir Mamsar.

SPEAKER_03 2:13

Mauswa desime giddan il Haiye. Umanhilalha, Hanfakik asatir kitir, winifem iszei muqtamaat al cocos di ithawilit minit dehil, lurawiyan waktimayan, butori a muzhila feelen.

SPEAKER_00 2:26

Tabhalina nibda minilbideya, utahdidan malkutl gorbeyafil kukoz, el Mauswa but waddah anil kutladi it ka winit mintemen magmuacher kisiya aseseye.

SPEAKER_03 2:35

Aywa, bestin nigmal akbarhina, can magmuat kobe il ismuhum il miyut, awil miut wudu guzurhum khadim gidden, betemtadil kesini minhaweli em sit alef sana koblil milet.

SPEAKER_00 2:50

Wukenu guz mintahaluf is mul ithali simiri sa?

SPEAKER_03 2:53

Sa hagidden. Wil mu erhin ilen yinwalar suhum hirudut, asimul miyut dul hemsa shrin kabila.

SPEAKER_00 3:00

Tob Saweni hen. Halina and fakikil Mododa swe. Hemsa shrin kabila, haleh nehenabnit kalim ankeyen siesi munozom, yan haga amlezeit tahad, fedrolli musagar fil Osurul Khima, waladika nit mugorrat kabe el Aisha Fawda wbi harbubad.

SPEAKER_03 3:14

La laqmafish fauda haholis, l libiel fitun nozar hinahu wa fikritut tonzim nefseh. El mitu dul me kanush mugorrat kabe il-hemegeye, dul ken lihum nufus siesi waldah, lidoragit in nahokmohum istamarra min muntosa fil korni sedis koblil miled, lehad il kornit telit il miledi.

SPEAKER_00 3:32

Yea, kullida what?

SPEAKER_03 3:34

Aywa, fikritilit tahed hine can it dakika gidden, canu bi dummu kabe il-kitira tahtmazalla wahda. Wurahmen neba dohum can tahtit ethir sieesi uqtusoldi, mindaw litl busfur il yunaneye, fi kabe il-tenye kenit mustakl letememen.

SPEAKER_00 3:50

Yani kan ananduhom muruna sieseye.

SPEAKER_03 3:52

Bzobti kidha, yit tehdu waqtl khatar, widiru shunhum Beseklilam or kezi wa tisilm. Wil moruna dibit ben awif wahdam in ahamel kabe ildi uheya kabilit is sind.

SPEAKER_00 4:03

A uh kabielit is sind. Dulkan lihum asima muzdahira ismehas trika. Bessifit ofsila hinafil mazdar wa efitni giddan bisaraha. Il muarhin yuneniin wa thaku in nishabisind can bi sherik fil a'abel ulmbial yunene al khadima, ubifuzu kamen.

SPEAKER_03 4:20

Tafsila ghariba falan lamtfakkar fiha.

SPEAKER_00 4:22

A kaduhawi yithum.

SPEAKER_03 4:23

Desu el muhim ewi. Il mechanizmi lchhasal bida muhil. Awalan, kabilitis send, mechanich kabila mahzula ura al-gabel. Dul kanu muta merkisin ales sewehel, u kan fihtikek jaumi u mubeshur mal yuneniin.

SPEAKER_00 4:37

Aħtikek togeryu sakofian.

SPEAKER_03 4:39

Ewa. Emma izail yuneniin samhulhum, fel igaba heya al kuwa walbara. Is sendiin canu fursen u mukatilin muntorozrafia, witahdidan, firiyod zail musora waal furuseye. Wul yuneniin canu bihter mulkual bedania fu ayishi.

SPEAKER_00 4:54

Yan ehter mum asbenanum ashankenu akwe.

SPEAKER_03 4:57

Bzzot. Womu sherkit hum di mechanichimane hasawa benhawyitum chholis. Humatali mukawaedileba, u kisbul yuneniin al arduhom, Besekenu birga samutum, kakaukazijin sherkas, estahdimul olumpied, kam nas sali ifbeta fawukom, mishashan yan sali human kumyitom.

SPEAKER_00 5:14

Basidabia chudna limuforkahribashweye filmosua. Rahmukulilhtikegda, el muarikiniuneniin sebu fegawaet wahomut kibir giddan antobi et hoqmil meyutu, wuru tatumul muhada. Mefishgir ishora abra lilatin, ulkudeye, wutturikeye. Lisabul fegawedi.

SPEAKER_03 5:34

Isseruhina yakmun filbragmeteye, awul maslahhal Yuneniye. El muarrihilyuneni can bi ektib illihim mitegir wisyes iluneni. Fakeni htimemhum mun sabbu meye filmeya halal kabe elis seheleyeh.

SPEAKER_00 5:46

Ellibitagrum ahum.

SPEAKER_03 5:48

Aiwa, leken bumugarod methul filam kalgurofi li gibel al kuqaz, el muduwa bib e kabus, et todoris saba will luat mu'akqada. Falam makenubi le usuaba, kenubu basalta bieta gehalul kabe eldi, awbi ktibu anhe asaltier.

SPEAKER_00 6:03

Widalikhella muhimid bahefiinza Dr. Mamsur, saba giddan fitegmeyasura. Tobbima ininet kalimna anis sawahil, wa la kutumbilbach. Khalin and sibisiesa, wuninza lardl waka, awiani ninzilbah.

SPEAKER_03 6:16

Bahar al kukaz dahkei tuhkeya.

SPEAKER_00 6:19

Hayatil kabe il Dial Sawahhil Aqrab Mil Khael. Al Mazdar Bihki an Kabila Bahariya min il Kutl Garbaya, Ismehel Kirhit. Dul Kenu Bahara Mehering Gidden, Basanduhum Kanoon Aw Toksa Ekabi Harib Awi.

SPEAKER_03 6:32

Toqsod the Toxil Fashal Fil Khieda?

SPEAKER_00 6:35

Ayywa. Law hadim il Bahara dul Fashal Fiqiyed Sefina, il Eqab Mabikun Shi Signu Lagarama. Ba'yit il Bahara Byaf of Tabur, we Buskof Wishu Wehad Warateni. Dita Tabar e Akdam wa Aksa Amalia Takhim Ede or Performance Review fitterih. Lit toxim bishaklidah?

SPEAKER_03 6:54

Huh Fala ni ben lina mugurra dihena, Bess Law Halil Nefsiak Hayathom, Hanif ham il mechanismen nafsi wara. Filbahr elmeftuh, ubmarekip kadima, el qiyeda dimas alet hayah umout.

SPEAKER_00 7:07

Aqid, el qa'ed il feshil be rara ashabu.

SPEAKER_03 7:10

Bizopt, fataksa deh hadafu kasril anna awl gur, el boskil mutateli biwasser risella kassya gidden, innek fakat tehteromna ke jame al in nakhurturtubhayatna. De tajrit kemil minashorafilaskari, ashan yudmonu inni mefish had thehayim sikikil qieda illela wasak min nefsum miljon fmia.

SPEAKER_00 7:29

Saroma mafiha shuzor. Wenefsis Soroma di bin la iha alalyabisa, ma kabila tenyye ismeha ilhanoh. Il moswaabit ul in nidul kenu khubarov futorwidl khuyul. L Dorogitinni ismohum Bisharkisi, lehadun nahordo, ma ane ilkel Basa al Ainain.

SPEAKER_03 7:44

Dabi estáhdam kalakab dalela alal in tibhuliakal mustamer.

SPEAKER_00 7:48

Sa, Basil Muthir ba', innefsil kabila di, Ma kabila tenya ismeh al aħin, shekilu aata karasana filbahr eswid.

SPEAKER_03 7:56

Wihenab geddil Ma'dwa Bib a Muthir Gidden, izzei swa ubmutafa wakafil Furuseya al Yebisa yib ubish Sharosa difilbach.

SPEAKER_00 8:04

Debyakis kudras tisne eye alat tekayuf. Al kukazi canbi attabar ilbi akulehe, gabel a wbahr imtidad limegel nofuzu. Fihmun nilh tasad with the gara bit murm n-bahr eswid.

SPEAKER_03 8:14

Woolli saytar al al-bahri saytar alatarwa.

SPEAKER_00 8:17

Aywa, festahdimu nafsil and the bat ilrawadubil khil, ashen yera wadu amwagilbach, uibnu kuwa bahariya mura eba.

SPEAKER_03 8:23

Mura ebal dargit in the shar il neni shahir ofid ketab ebiet sharb Yusuf Fihar wabum and sufun khabilitl hanachul achin, wwen mafishma ken emin minhum.

SPEAKER_00 8:32

Almasadr bit ul in nomstahdimu kawarib sahira ismeh Kamaroi, bichil hemsain shakh.

SPEAKER_03 8:38

Khawarib Sahira, Besssifetek.

SPEAKER_00 8:40

Tob Malish izzei. Roman cananduhum sufun harbeya amlaka, bimi etil mukdifin. Izze Kharib Hesheb fi t Latin wahed, Yurra eb ustul embratori. Il mechanism la skari hinei.

SPEAKER_03 8:52

Il mechanism hina abkareya bahta, harba sa bot bahareyh. A sufun Romaniyya di can it ti'ila, u Ratisha amik, mehtega miah mafsuha shen tenewer. Beso kawari bil kamarui canit khafifa, useria, waqaha musattah Fakenubistak dimu tactic adrobwegri, Bzapt, Yheg musufun Besora, u lemmal ostul Romani Dahmietachel, El Kamarui tahra bututhul fimasa battle and har dahla, awhilgan dayukkafil kokas.

SPEAKER_00 9:22

Wussofun Romaniya mustahil tuthul warahom almayad dahladi.

SPEAKER_03 9:25

Hatah rezutat hatam fowron, ashan kida ofyet kan maroub, le inner Roman can hasimbela agzit them, could them tikti bisteril Gugrafi tisahalduhum.

SPEAKER_00 9:35

Abkareya tactikeya, Basinti Dakarti Ablikida in al Karsana, di mechanichi Mugurat Sira, Wa in nikan liha Risella Syeseiya, Tabhalini al Abdur Muhamm Shayton, Risella Syeseyei, Mishdul Mugurat Karasana Bisra Ul Ganem with Dehab, Is Zaida for the Sied.

SPEAKER_03 9:51

Mafumil Karsana Zame Muqtalif Shwaya. Lamma Imbraturaya Zai Rum at Howl Tifrit Doroi Balat Tigor of Bahrl Aswad Autim Nakabe il Kokosman Mumarsa Tit Tigura Bahuria, il Hugum Demabibash Mugurat Sira. Bib Tamarud, De Alen Roth Dilil Atrof Bisyeda Rumaney. El Hagemed Dibit ul Ruman ehnalibnithimfimyehna, Umafish Safina hat additistafidman Khiril Mantia, Minhirmatitfa at Tamalina.

SPEAKER_00 10:20

Yaani Daribit Syeda befruduha bilkwa.

SPEAKER_03 10:22

Eywa Himeya Lktazadhum il Mahallim nilhtikoril egnabi.

SPEAKER_00 10:26

Issurasadikul leha u listakleleyeye, akid megachim foroh, di guzurha mumteddal ummutadima gidden, muqtama idrayorit hawietu bilkemil abrizzem. Widebya chudnal guz imobhir gidden filmousua, wuhowa luha.

SPEAKER_03 10:39

Illuha dayman heal or shifil hai il eyi muqtama.

SPEAKER_00 10:43

Bizabt, ilmasadr betrega al kabe ildi lummim alasril haggari, ismeha om mitin nart. Wismom azlan ken net. Fillura, harfin nun, yanil om, u harfitte yanil at Yanil kilme manhe, atyatul um. Wudebiakis in noh kenu muqtama omumi, biobodil ilahal um.

SPEAKER_03 11:01

Walmuqtama al umumi del ken muta merkes hawaleen fikritl khusuba, wiziraab. El arde bin nisbelhum, heyamazdar ilha el liptid di bila mukabil, zeil um. Elmora akenit ilmerkazir ruhi u ka eda tilashira.

SPEAKER_00 11:14

Lidaragitin dura kenismaha anduhum netif, yani durit narteen.

SPEAKER_03 11:19

Sa, el muqtama adek can be milistakror le inizira mahtega hudu.

SPEAKER_00 11:24

Basis Salemden teha, will muqtama and tackal minusultal umumia le sultal abbawiya. Wil luha wa thakidah, il ismud rayar le adega. Ed yanil ob, weuha, yani ittabaya. Fabet shabbal ob.

SPEAKER_03 11:39

Wanafsil fiqref kilmed deristan. Da yanil ob stan jani ord, ordel ob.

SPEAKER_00 11:47

Bit kitibil chhruub, bessihina t tarihh maktuful chhruuf. Halit tahawul lughawida, be akkidin nuluha he or shif thora liktimayadi, we il khlahum itrayaru kida.

SPEAKER_03 11:57

Debia trasuel muhim mifalan. El egaba bhhtasor heyat tehdidil wugudi. Maakti shhef ilma'edin zail bronzu il hadid, watawur edawet ilharb, il muqtama'atilhawalihum, ba itra aweya wa askareya pta middal al gazu.

SPEAKER_00 12:11

Ful kabel il Mustaqarradi, ba ittahtihugumu stemir.

SPEAKER_03 12:14

Ewa, il Mahrotil Matluba il Bakah, Idrayort, Israma be Ichikfeye, il Muktema be Mhteg, kua Bedeneye, Wahameya Askareye. Hena dur ragul comhaireb, tasaddar il mashad, was sultan tukalitl ab.

SPEAKER_00 12:28

Yani thawalu minul Hussuba liddifea. It Tahir Demakan Shibesifil Garbo and Al Adhira, El Khari Tokul Lehad Rayort, Ufhi Kabe il Hu Yitha Ta Rodit Limhawalet Thomsim in Mu'arhint Taniin, Zei Khabe ilil Ant.

SPEAKER_03 12:42

Khabe il Antadol Kenu im Tidl Ummetan, Bessil Ez Mazaharit, Lammabad al Muarhin Rus, Hawuy in Subuhum Luzul Silefey. Wudekallihidmit Ahdefsi Yesey, sah Taban, Tabrir Jiyu Syesi, Ashenis Bitu in Nel Wugud Rusi a Wisilefiefal Kukaz, Luguzur Adima.

SPEAKER_00 13:01

Basil muerechin ildema Hassamul Gedelda. Masadrzej muarric brocobius w plini, akkidu in lant omma mustakilem in al erklasil abjad, wukanum muhatim bis selef bessi mishminhom.

SPEAKER_03 13:13

Shehedid brocobius di sak bara li huweyetl ant. Widebi akid inno mehtafazub Hassa Ishum Rahmilehtikek.

SPEAKER_00 13:21

Washan nukun sura ousa ilmauswaab tiddina itlala seria alemagmuatis shurk uul wasat, andinan nuhteshi, illum meshisen, will ofar, wudes miturki atlaquali humil Kaumuk, ma annahilbedu.

SPEAKER_03 13:34

Wufi kemen ilishein, ilbit kawinum in itnasara ashira kadima, will lak.

SPEAKER_00 13:39

Wofilganub, ilkert filjun ekdet il Jurjiin, wil Armen, Wil Alban, Widul il Yureniin Samuhum kida, nisbeliq Belhum, Wahummel Azirbajani Halien. Kulli Debya Hudnal Isayo iftu Demhaktierfil Mozar.

SPEAKER_03 13:53

Ah ilheel Hassa butatawa al Kharita al Erkey.

SPEAKER_00 13:56

Ayo, Fibidatil Osurul Wusta, el Kukaz can beodum Mahaweli Ashur Magmuat. Leki Fulas al Hadith, Badl Hhtelel Rusi, El Bahithin Lao and Nuhumba u Temenya Ashin Kaumea Shab, Kafzahariba Gidden, Eden Mezayani Kulhead.

SPEAKER_03 14:11

Dino Tagauhareya.

SPEAKER_00 14:12

Heldam aningibela azalitum, fakulli magmuaka winit hawial wahdeha, Yanin Eduli niggibel canit amlezeiha orizmiet social media aw iku chambers kta delwaati, eliptez alkublu wahdu, et Tashbi da Abkhori.

SPEAKER_03 14:26

El Gurafi al Kau Khazia shtarilit Bazotti Kerka orizmiyeta Azil. El Gibel can it be methebet has nibyhmiel khabe ildi, wehaliha tahtafaz biluatha. Lemmayasal Gazwa ausra, magmuat in saheb but is takabba fwedimunazil.

SPEAKER_00 14:41

Uma bi shufush had deteni lukurun.

SPEAKER_03 14:43

Aywa, Biseba bel Ozledi, bi batalu yitwasluma ebne a mumethum, filwedilegambuhum, ragme in il mesefa rayba, besifi gabal fossil, il kalimat betraya wunut il Huruf Bihtilif.

SPEAKER_00 14:56

Fillah get ithawiloga, wila Shira, Tib A Kaumea Mustakilla.

SPEAKER_03 15:00

Bizat, ilgabal waffar Hamey, Besetheman can it tesata tish Shidid, ilhella Lashar Megmuat, Yib Utamya Ashrin Kaumea, Ragme inn Usulom Mushtoraka.

SPEAKER_00 15:09

Anakida la fina rehla istik Shafiya Tawila Gidden, Gua wahedmin Akat Fusulit Tarih. Min ilmuutur Yadinfil Ulumbied, Litukusil Bahar al Ghariba fil Basq, Wakarasinatil Bahril Aswad.

SPEAKER_03 15:21

Murura n B thaura liktimaya il Wathakit Helluha Min Atayatil Ommil Ardil Ab, Usulan lit Tafetutil Gurafili Sharahne. Ukolidataban befadlet Doctor Muhammad Hirma Masar.

SPEAKER_00 15:33

Rehla bit akidinitterih il Hayi, beit kitfiet shubil Kaumit, wut aklemit, was Tehdi beit hebzikat. Basableman ichtim, fi fakra musaitura aleya. Eh shufna iszail kabe ildi and kasamit wutfarite litameniya orashrin kaumea bisebel.

SPEAKER_03 15:50

Uh ficrit e.

SPEAKER_00 15:52

Tehayalum aya scenario muhtalif. Laul Ghugrafia Kenit Muhtalif. Lawul Kokaz Maken Shimant a Gabeleya Waya, Wukan Obara and Suhulmaftuha. Hell can it is Sharobdi, Bekwit Hel Bahareya Ushugaita, had it tahad with Sis Imbratura Kokazia Wahda, Tiptella Roma Wilunen?

SPEAKER_03 16:10

Yeah Dafterra Di Rayar itarih kullu.

SPEAKER_00 16:14

Ghrafiait il Mekan Ferre Itum, Bassiatara, Lawittahadu, can check Licharit till Alam al Khim Habiliz Nharda. Di Fikra, Hansibin Mustamain yit Ameloufiha. Shukran Likum Alamura Fakitna Firrahladi.

SPEAKER_01 16:26

Wahuna Natawakka fulli hadal Yaum. Laken Hadihim Ujarra da Kitat and Wahida Mansuraten Akbarabikathir.

SPEAKER_00 16:35

Biddut Hadel Bernamajusil Silatun Mustamirra. Halakatun tilwal uhra. Nastari Dufiha al Mausuat Teriqiyatah Lil Ummatisher Kassia. Wanusalya tul Dow Ala Jawanibe min Hadat Tarih, Lamusma Bihar More Mun Nessim in Kabl.

SPEAKER_01 16:53

Fa e the Ajabat Kahadihil Halkah, Tahammak Akter, Combizarati Prof. Mamsir noctakom, Lilatilaya al Mausuatil Kamila, Wakulli Mayaki Fukelfa Halakatiliom.

SPEAKER_00 17:05

Wa either kunta testemti or Bilbar Namaj, Tabiana Ainema Kunta Testemia, Watrukta Khiman, Washerik Hadihil Halkata Ma Shaksin, Yahteju Anyas Mahat Terih.

SPEAKER_01 17:17

Hadihi Canat, Al Mausuata Teri Hiata Lil Ummati Shakasia. Anna Aslan, Anna Satanai, Aracum Filhalkat il Khadima,