الحلقة ٣ — خريطة أمة: القبائل الشركسية من العصور الوسطى حتى ١٨٦٤

الشابسوغ، والأبزاخ، والناتوخاي، والبجدوغ، والتيميرغوي، والأوبيخ، والقبرداي. هذه الحلقة هي الأطلس الكامل للأمة الشركسية: كل قبيلة كبرى، والوادي النهري الذي سكنته، والحكاية الكامنة خلف اسمها. نمرّ على روايات الرحّالة الذين رسموا خرائطها، ومنهم غولدنشتيت وبالاس وكلابروت وبِل، بما في ذلك الأخطاء التي وقعوا فيها ولماذا ما زالت تلك الأخطاء مؤثرة إلى اليوم. نفكّك الانقسام القبرداي الكبير عام 1759 بين قبردا الكبرى والصغرى، وموقع الأوبيخ كجسر بين الأديغة والأبخاز، والقبائل التي حملت العبء الأثقل في السنوات الأخيرة من الحرب مع الإمبراطورية الروسية. إن تساءلت يومًا كيف حملت أمة واحدة كل هذه الأسماء، فهذه هي الخريطة.

Transcript

SPEAKER_02 0:00

Taqayalu ummatan Rajera Tismaha Binafsiha. La Samarratanu wa Haida, Balmira Nuatakrara Nabra El Fihyam. Wafikulli Marra, Kadal Mu'arrihuna Yafiduna Khaitan Mankanu Yathatuna Anhu Aslan.

SPEAKER_01 0:15

Filhalkat il-Madia, Audna il Fajritterih, Ittihadul Muyut, wa Hamsun Wa Ishruna Kabilatam Kadimah, wa karasinatun kena romanu ja shaunahum. Waderi kettahawul Mudhilu minn narat, ei hibet il um, ila għadih ej shahabil ebyeum nantaqilu kurunan il-emam. Mina lawsuri lusta hatani heyat il-karnit tasya ashar. Hinat tahawalet esme'un mitluzih wa l-abasih il al-Kushak. Thummal ubih. Waqiron ilis mul leviyari fuhula alam u Leawum. As-Shirkis.

SPEAKER_02 0:54

Hadihih Alma uswa tulteri hiyatu il-umbatisharkasija. Sil sila tubarami ja mustamiraton Nastari dufiha hadatterih, halakatan tilwal Uhrah. Al-Mabniya tuwa amalid Doctor Muhammad Khair Mamsar Batsej. Anna Satanai.

SPEAKER_01 1:13

Wa'ana Aslan, Lina K Tashi Faman Asbahu Bussi.

SPEAKER_03 1:19

Taqheil Ma'ayakidh in Nina Fisenat el Futumunio Teletin. Can fi kabila Kokasea Kawiyagidden Ismaha Ishabsuh. Te'adedhe can beusal Le Haweli meyyao Khamsin elfi insen. Lekin bada Fatra Zemeya Mishtawila Awi, utahdidan badin Tehe el Harbur Ruseal Kokasea, el Adad il Lefudl min al-Kabiladi fardom can elfen wumeyo orba toshhar Shaqsabas.

SPEAKER_01 1:44

Yanhar obyad, min Miyau Khamsin elf, l' elfin wushweye, darakom morheb, yan ehnabnit kelllim fishib hi ebeda l-Khabiledi.

SPEAKER_03 1:53

Bizubti kide, wudeli bi ħelli eyehad jisma'l arkomdi, jis el nep susu elbedi giddin, ewli ħeli um me kemlet Bakhar Bishaklidh, wizey tarih mun teddilkurun, yuchtazel finnehay lumgurod esmef ar shifet, awkurasuwa yyurah.

SPEAKER_01 2:08

Bassi, il Arkomdi Falan bitakis wahda min anafit tahawwalet demografia fitterhil ħadis. Basena hasis in nenashan nistawab Hagmil Ma'sedi, lezim il awul nifhem min heyal ummadi aslan, wizeykan it Aisha ablama yhasalil in hiordakull.

SPEAKER_03 2:24

Ah, widabz Zubtil Hadef min Gelsitilistik shhef ul Bahdib ta'etnan nahard. Ehn ghus fitafosil il Umm Meshar Keseye. Wa shen namilda, Buslitna hat kun marga tawfi ki muhimmigidden, uhu wa kiteb il Mausuatteri Heyel il Um Meshar Keseyeye, l'Dukr Muhammad Khir Mamsur, utahdidan il-Mugaladil Awwal al-Kasmil Awwwal il-foslit tailit. L-kiteb Debi essi mit Tawuletil Morrit bihal ummadi li talat morah il-seseye.

SPEAKER_01 2:51

Tabhalina niftah ilmelef fidemin bidej tuba. Yani il-Marhalal uleh ilheya minil osurul wusta, will hadl Karnal or Batoshur il-Miledi, is Surah Li Kenet Mutasaddura anis Sharaksafilwa tida.

SPEAKER_03 3:02

Busya sidi. Asura kenet muqtalifatame anatosimetilbnisma anhabadin. Al-Mazdar bi Watfok inil umm Mashir Keseyo atahe kenet bitit kawin min Sabah kobe irro iseye. Asme Zayzih, il-Abozr, il-Edimi, il-kashk, uil Jikit. Utaban Awl Zuhur li Ism Shir Keseyeye ken senet el F umtien u Hhamsa Bain al-Kharita l'rahala ismu Jean du Corbenti. Wil ahem, in al-Mazdar Hinembiatamecha Alh Kayet Shafaweyh, Debiestenid li Shahedet Mu'rahin Bizantijinu Arab.

SPEAKER_01 3:33

M'arrihina Arab, Tabdihagamusira Gidden. Yani can fihti kek mu beshur Mahadorat Tanya canet but Watsaq libuchufu sah.

SPEAKER_03 3:42

Sah Gidden. Il Imperatur il-Bizanti Kostantin Watzaq wagut khabilitzih lekin Shahed al abraz wul aktar tafsilan getmin il muarrih wil ghrof il Arabi El Masaudi W the ken senat to sawmeyetisaw bejn miledyye. Il Masaudi kendra Hela Shef Shub Watha Kafet kitir gidden. Walemmet kellem ankabila ismeha el Kushk u el Kesuj edim was f dakik gidden lihum.

SPEAKER_01 4:07

Mm wasafhum bi Iba. Yani rekiz alani domhum esyesi will la Hayatum liomia, wa la Ibizab.

SPEAKER_03 4:14

Rekkizala kezaheg. Awalan, thakar innuhum kenu biyatarodudu da'aded dahma ala aswak medina trabzoun, ashanit to gor. Wwasafhumbi nnohum shabyem telek monzuma ahlakeya aliye gidden, rahm innuhum kenulissa mutamesikin bilwataniyefil fatradi.

SPEAKER_01 4:31

Yanit Traddu Dala Aswa Trabzun Damane innuhum Makanushmu nazilim fil Gebel Zaimeskitir mutahhayila, canfi Harakatugareya utabedul fatofy wodah.

SPEAKER_03 4:40

A Taban, Bessil Akrab be', fiq tebet il Mesaudi, innurek kis gidden alal Hodur il Meddi wil Gesedilihum, wushhed to bit ul Nossan, in numafis xabif ejjimonte etenye ytdar ydahihum fil-anakal gesedeye wuttanosuk, sewa erigel awnise. Wasafumbi innuhum ilegmel sheklen wa tanosukan, ala mustawa l'alam il maru fuetu.

SPEAKER_01 5:03

Beged, sheheda zeyidi, min behezuhurofi lefi fil ailam, meptigishmin for roh, akid, dibit ekid in il-khabel di kell lihasimet watha w bosmom mwyeza gidden. Tabbesisenya wahda. Helinez eleksuel, il Esmail Khimalinti ultihadi, zeyizih awhat esma akadem zayin nort. Mebe ashliha w good badikid, wzarit asme tenye. Heldemane in il-kabeldin korodit. Lachholis, ilkita bi ekid bishaklkota and nuhu muntkaradush Aslana befakarfiha mantalasril hadith, Yani Hel Nutdor N Shabbihil Hassal de, Bameliet Demgaw Adit il Heikela Lib Thasal Fishri Ketil Kobra, Il Huawa el Keyen Nefsu, Bemwaradul Basharia Lisam Augudu Shirel, Bessil Yaf Tot Ilborra Hil Ghyarit Ashantinesip Thal of Gidid.

SPEAKER_03 5:50

Allaina War Alik It Teshbihde Dakik Gidden, Wishrah Il Hassal Bzobt. Ichtife Esme Awen Hod Adl Kabe il Meken Shimane Hilfene, Dikenet e Adit Heikela Demografia Tobeya. Kabe il Gayarit Esmeha Awendemagit Makabeel Tanya Awhagret u Hadit Ismil Mekenil Gidid. Felmeddal Besharia Mustamirra, Bessil Heikel Huelit Haddif.

SPEAKER_01 6:11

Wuday Halina nifhem Izze iduim Tossu Thayorot, uithuluf al Mahalat Tanya. Il Mahalal libtibda minil Karnil Arba Toshar, wumum teddel Hadda Elf, Utum Nomia Arbausitin. Izzeyba's tachharit al-Khir talikma'ya bada mlitdem Gidi.

SPEAKER_03 6:26

Il Khari taba it ukhar Tan Ziman, obeet Abara and Telet Shubra Isia. Is Shabil Awal Howel Edira, Udabi Dummit il Kibira Zayel Kibardi u ilkih. Is Shabiteni Hummel Abhaz Awl Aboza, U Shabit telit be awli wadachhoz gidden, Humma El Wbih.

SPEAKER_01 6:44

Ilwebih, An Aritanum Abli Kidda. Bahsen Hum Kenu bi Messilu zairumanit il mizenfilmonto, Yanimish Mugarwad Misaha Gurafeo Halos, Tahsuhum Merkas Tikal Strategi.

SPEAKER_03 6:55

Hummafal n Kenu kidd. Ilwebih Kenu Halaket il Waslil Gugrofeya wil Lugaweya bejn il Adira Fishamel Wil Abhez Filganup. Basil Ahemini location bitahom Hualmawerit. El Masdar Busker in Nikananduhum menej m hadid. Wudafilausurdi, Yaanitafow Kaaskariusuna Murayb.

SPEAKER_01 7:15

Menegim hadid we enabia kebrite kamen. So, Kara tin Nikananduhum Yenebya bitistahdem filistwe.

SPEAKER_03 7:22

Bizot, fakta saodiyan u Saheyyan waaskareyan, canu fenuqtutkowa kebira gidden. Besinuta di bit gurrina limuforka ghariba gidden Duktur Mamsar wuddaha. Ehnam metawiddin in ulummal wahda bikun liha nudom siesi wiktimehai shib wahad sa?

SPEAKER_01 7:39

Il muntakki inilumma wahda wgiren nuzomhumykun wahid aumuta koribgidden.

SPEAKER_03 7:44

Teqheyel be'a innihina ehna uddem muqtamaad Zembuba dumen aslu wahed bes anzimit alhokmi fiha fi muntahat ta' noqud. Yani mesalan kabila zeil kabardi. Udih kabila dahma le dragit nan kasamit la kabardi kubra u suhra biseb khilef bin ebne emir ismu inel il-kabir, il-kabila di umaha kabila tenye zeilbegduh, canandom nudom iktemey tobahi sarim gidden, ndom iktohai, bihkum mu umra unubele.

SPEAKER_01 8:10

Iktah, u umrah, utaurit sulto, tobmadonomat mutakerra wahedif terih sha opkitir, ilghib fiked.

SPEAKER_03 8:17

Il ghibin na'len nahya tenye ufnefsilgurafya ta'riben, kabe iltenye girenhum, ze jisheb suhul ebzeh, mekensha nduhum e yi asar linzom dehollis, mefish umra, mefish nobele, u mefish iktah. Ummal kenwaishinizay. In Nuzoma nduhum ken arab lidimukratia tesherokeye. Usulta fiid megglis ho kemeh bi samu samada, il idorab ta temedalak boris sinna ashabel hekma, ukul likari lihara is ideri bigi bishura mishbil wurza.

SPEAKER_01 8:46

Yeh khabor, yan ehnemish uddem colib wahat holos. Izzeyt tonoqud dayhasal, illi ħeli kabila thtoril iktoa, wukabila lez efihe, turfudu, wut ejbinzomet samada a w shura de.

SPEAKER_03 8:57

Issirri kullu fi kilma wahda, al-guhrofja, il mazda bishrahin il-gurofia huna mechanetch mu gorrod mekena ishinfi, dikenit ilfe'lil esesi. Il kabeli lisekalit is suhul ulmana il mumbbosita zay il kaberdi, can sehli fiha harakitul khuyul, ubene gijush w saitora al Arodi Zuraya wesa.

SPEAKER_01 9:16

Oh fimt, Yanis Suhul bit sehil il-Merkazija, uptismahbuzuhur toba itfursen, febiteli bizornizom iqtoai, u umor ya saytoru al-mesahadi.

SPEAKER_03 9:25

Allainor aliq. Alalaksiba. Il kabeli lisekinit am mok al-gibelul widien il wara, zeishebsuh, il-gorufia fora dotalihum nazom teni chols. Fil-gibeli laliye, mefish orodizrahiya shasa, ashen emirya sayturaliha. Fekenu be atemidwalet teketu filmuktamai, ashen ywaghu kaswat tobia.

SPEAKER_01 9:44

Montukig gidden. Fibi asaba zaidi, hekmit kiboris sin nota grobitum bitib e ahamme miljun morra man satwot emir bigishu. Il Gorofia azalithu muhamitum, uforatalihum it tekful, ashan al bakal ferdi can heb a mustahil.

SPEAKER_03 9:58

Bizobti kidda. It tefsirda bihudnal nota tenya mudhesha fil Bhasiptan, wahiyemas elitil esme. Il esma anil ummedi mekanich mugorrad yfta kidaw kholoz, di kenet amlazail bayenetil wasfiya awl mita data betat eyefile.

SPEAKER_01 10:12

Mita dat ezzei. Yanil ismiken beakis sufot mwayana fil-khabila nafseha.

SPEAKER_03 10:17

Eywa, mugorrad matira isma kabila, keennek bita mlisthrog le bayenet kemla, anshek lum il-gesed di awmunachhum aw shurluhum. El keta bh Shorkosi, mortu kesem amel tahlil lughawi l esme il-kabe ildi. Wun nete egtulla et keshifa gidden.

SPEAKER_01 10:34

Tabmatidini amsela kidan n tobba aliha fikrit ilmita de tedi.

SPEAKER_03 10:37

Khalina nibda bqabilit innet wihu. Il kilmadi lam matitfekkik fil luga shurkeseye, bin le inah bimana jin, utaha, bimana azrok, waharfieh lil milkeye. Fet tefsiril akrab huwawa ashabil ayunu zurka, ufita ħlil teni bira gahal in nort wihha u oy, fabikun ma' nehe ebne in nortijin, u nartijun dol il- abtal il- usturijin futuroth il kukozi.

SPEAKER_00 11:02

Yeselem, tofsil dokik gidden, tabu wbnizbal il-kba' il-qtuayye, zeil bigidug masalan.

SPEAKER_03 11:08

Ismil bijjuduh li shukkeen. Bigge, bimana kes, utahu, bimana echezeh awkeseb. Felmana mumki nikun ellezi echezil kes, kedelela alal in tsar awil karum. Ufiro yteni bi ulin il ismu mush tokkum in shugar a salba gidden bitenwanduhum ismeh bigd. Fatib et tasmeyeh in ekes lisala bat khashabish shogar diwur tobothom bi bi ithom.

SPEAKER_00 11:30

Jamil, tabu khabilit shapsu, illikeno aishin fil-jibel benzamis shhura.

SPEAKER_03 11:34

Dib' aliha keza tefsir. It tafsir il awal wil ashhar huwa ashabil khuyulul. It tafsir itteni bi essimil kilmal shab wisu gjani nahif. Fabib asheb bin nahif il momshuk. Widabi fakkarna bosfil masaudi l-anak al gesadeye. Wufi tafsir bi ibaht, bjurbut il kilma psupjani bered wisiti gyan yehra. Falmana ikunal monti alberda lisakyaha bihra in nabet.

SPEAKER_01 11:59

Basihinafisu elbifrud nafsubsoroha. Helil esme ul benetul wasfeyydi, canet harfeye, Yani helmon tiki innukulla ford of kabilit in nethway, tokuna yunu zera, waledekanamilzel al kabila Ilaya and dina, bitibda Busufat gid dikbir uba dintil Zefil ela kullehel aggyel.

SPEAKER_03 12:14

Hawatashbihit teni dahual aqrab l'montuk, wulipted amu elia to wuralet. Assifabtibda and muasis aumagmua sarira, umaz zamanul in Dimeged bithawilhit m'awhaweya lil Keyen kullu. Hatalsifa nafama ba echma gudafkul ofrod, Ellura Hena archiv terihi kamel modrut ficilma.

SPEAKER_01 12:33

Debi helifukdanil asme di m'sesa kofiya hayeyeh, mishbessima seba shareyeye. Wa takak debin dilmar teltafterihil ommasah, el Mahala lkulit Tanawa das Todomfiha Bigdoril Harb.

SPEAKER_03 12:44

O lil Esf. Al Mahala Telta min elfutum Numeya Arbao Setein, Lahad Din Heyatl Karnet Satosher. It Duktor Mamsir Biwasak al Marhala di Bahayet Tem. Ubyin il Wako ewa Arcombes. Ubiyatem alatharirir mua Saka wmin Ahameha Takirir Siri Ldobit Muhabarot Rusi Ismu il General Turnu.

SPEAKER_01 13:04

Dobit Mukhabarat Rusi, iszeidah.

SPEAKER_03 13:07

Il General Danegh enuyithul Arodisher Keseya Mutenekirsenet Elfutum Numeya Arbauteletin. Waash Fatorota Wilahnek. Takiriru Bidina Surah Hayya and Shekl in Hyor. Wizzeil Kabe il Dikenit But Sora Ashante Ish.

SPEAKER_01 13:20

Tabwasaf if Takariru Sirreyedi.

SPEAKER_03 13:23

Wasaf Masal and Halet Kobe ill obzoh. Illitorrat Tisibis Suhulu Thur Abteish fil Gibel Aliya, Wil Rabet, Ashantis Tehabem Nilgorot Ruseyel Mufege, Illikanit Bithra Kurohum. And Mushkila in Ilbi El Gabele Dimakan Shifiha Arodi Zuraya Umiyeh Tikfi miet elefil Boshar.

SPEAKER_01 13:39

Dimufarka Kosia Giddan Busuraha. Yanil Ghorofia illikanit bitehmihum filmarhalat tenye, wusa mahitluhum yibnu dimokratin themeda, it hawilit filmarhalatel telisignatobiah, aumele achir gir kobbil ilhaya.

SPEAKER_03 13:53

A bzapt, umawdwal mukaumafizurufdi, ken mudhil, il General Tor now, was of hishepsuh, be innuhum sha btai yebu rohum alia, umharibun ashedeh, u kenu munazomin gidden, le darugit innuhum Kenubi Rabu Turu il Bahr, Ulahaz in in a sahom kenu biatematao Bhoriya wahtrom kibir, Hatafatlhar.

SPEAKER_01 14:13

Urahmu Sumudwur Ruhdi, inniheya mechanichif Solechom Lil Esef. Ihnal Urigana Lil orkomilbede nabihe, ilheya and Kabilit Shepsuh, Nizlitmin Meyo Khamsin Elf, Lfin Ushweye, Debi Lachuskulhag.

SPEAKER_03 14:26

Wil Mesemu tu wakkafichh and the Shepsuh Bes, Kabilit in Nethui illite adha ken meet elf inesema, inhor il adad lehadimetabe emin humruba meachhsebes. Urrakamil akhar sodma filwaso ek, hoaptah kabilet iljana.

SPEAKER_01 14:40

Iljana, Hasallohum eyedul kamen.

SPEAKER_03 14:42

Il kabila dita rodat l'aktor min tul tumio teletin gazwa askere. In Natiga, innifsenet elfutum numieteletu temenin, adad of frot kabilet il-jana kullehe, bikuliterihha, wusil wehhedwa shrin shahsifakat.

SPEAKER_01 14:56

Wahhedwa ishrin insen bas shailini yoftuk kabila kemlautarihtawil, Yanahur Abiddul orkomdi, bit Khalini estentik Hagasaba awian fikritil in dimeg ilitkelimna Aliha fil awul.

SPEAKER_03 15:07

Kaz dak e.

SPEAKER_01 15:07

Yani lemmetkelimna filmor halal ule an indimegil kabe il, ken in dimekto biy behedafittawashua awit taheluf. Lek in filmur haledi, il Indimegwilihtifeh, ken mes elit boko hatmiye, haraban minil feneh. Sa, il kabe il surayoradi, ken tu neget alwahid in nahet tub fil-kabe il-tenye withithella an ismeh.

SPEAKER_03 15:29

Isintek salim gidden will mazdur bi ekkidde. In Natiga in esmeq kabe ilaika, ichtefit minil wugudil fali, maba echi mauguda r kasutur fi kutu bil isnu grafia, aw ka esmeq kora surayora gidden fi gumuriet adir alhaleh.

SPEAKER_01 15:45

Ilhawiya tilait mirena Bessit tema nilindafa ashantufdal Mauguda can heli gidden gidden.

SPEAKER_03 15:51

The Ha ii, ech nakedal Khosnar Rehhledi, min khabe il Kaweya u Gemila wasofhal Messraudi flausunul wosto, li Kayyanet mutanawa beina Demokratia u lkta, wo sulan limarhaltet ta shatut will in hiyor, eli khellet isme kemletit misah.

SPEAKER_01 16:06

Bussi, Bada Marifna Kullidah, anaba fakkar Fahga yimkin tokun kitem munesi bl Bhassip Tanedah. Lawul Esme heyed di inni e, aul Arshib ta'y Sakafay Mashrahti, Femanakiran Ayishar Kisin Nhardah, Bihmil Ismi Zayishabsuh Abukduh, who omishhayl Mugarod Ismail. Umal Shayil e The Sheyel Arshiv Kemil minil Gugrofya, Ullure, Uterih Kasi Minus Sumud Umhawlit Mas Hehom Minil Khariita. The Heyel Kemitit Terih ul Waga will in Tosarot, Elimunkatlachas for Mugarrat Huruf Ismaq illimaktuftaq in Nhara.

SPEAKER_03 16:39

Fail and Fikrat a stadai ta'ammul, Tehayel in the Mugharat Huruf Ismaq Tukun hiya Shahihid il Wahida alaterih um ma Kamla.

SPEAKER_02 16:47

Wahuna natawakka fulhi Hadal Yaum. Lakin Hadihihi Muzurra da Kitat in Wahida Minsuraten Akbarabikathir.

SPEAKER_01 16:56

Bidot Hadel Barnamajusil Silatun Mustamirra, Halakatun Tilwal Uhra. Nastari Dufiha al Mausuat Teriqiytah lil Ummatishir Kassia. Wa Nusalya tul Dawara Alajhawani Bemin Hadat Terih, Lemus Mabiha Morva Mun Nessim in Kabl.

SPEAKER_02 17:14

Fa'ida Ajabat Kahadihil Halqa, Ta'ammak Akter, Combizarati Prof Emka Mamsir Noqtakom, Lilitilaya Al Mauswaatil Kamila, Wakulli Mayaki Fukal Fahalakatil Yaum.

SPEAKER_01 17:26

Wa eitha Kunta Testemti or Bilbarnamj, Tabiana Ainema Kunta Tastemya, Watrukta Khiman, Washarik Hadihil Halkata Ma Shaksin, Yahtaju Anyas Mahat Terih.

SPEAKER_02 17:38

Hadihi Canat, Al Mausuata Teri Hiata Lil Ummati Shakasia. Anna Aslan, Anna Satanai, Aracum Filhalkat il Khadima.