الحلقة ٢ — ما قبل الاسم: شعوب شمال القوقاز القديمة

قبل أن يُنطق اسم "شركس" بزمن طويل، كان شمال القوقاز يعجّ بشعوب لم تبقَ أسماؤها إلا في كتب الجغرافيا اليونانية والرومانية: الميوت، والزيخ، والسانيغ، والأباسك، والكيركيت، والآنت. في هذه الحلقة نتتبع كل واحدة من هذه الجماعات القديمة: أين عاشت، وماذا كتب عنها الإغريق، وكيف تردّد صدى أسمائها حتى اليوم في أسماء العائلات والقبائل الشركسية، بل وفي مشروب تقليدي ما زال يُقدَّم. نسير مع نهري الكوبان والترك، ونقرأ خرائط بطليموس وبليني، لنصل إلى أمة النارت التي امتدت أساطيرها من نهر الدون إلى البحر الأسود. هذه هي الطبقة التأسيسية العميقة: شمال القوقاز بوصفه متحفًا حيًّا للشعوب القديمة.

Transcript

SPEAKER_00 0:10

Baduha Kana Yuhiful Bahara ta' kakarasina li Darajati Anna Shahiran Rumaniyan Katabah Abbiatan Yu Haddi Ruminhom.

SPEAKER_02 0:19

Filhalkatil Madiyya, Tanawal Nasitan yatin Hawla Asli Shirkis. Al-Yaum, Na Rusu Ahmakh. Al-Kaba ilul Faliyatulati aasha tuneka mundufajit tarih. Al-Muyut Wazih wa Ummatul Ant Al-Ramidah.

SPEAKER_00 0:36

Hadihiya, Almauswahatul Tariqiyatu lill Ummati Shirkasiah. Sil Silatu Baramija Mustamirraton, Nastari Dufiha Hadat Tarih, Halkatan Tilwal Uhra, Almabmiyatuh Alla Hamali Duktor Muhammad Khair Mamser Betzej.

SPEAKER_02 0:55

Wa'ana Aslan.

SPEAKER_01 1:06

Yani fiwakin al Hali.

SPEAKER_02 1:08

Yani Rali Banseyentahil Amrubitawihin Khasin Min al Mudir Awruba Matard.

SPEAKER_01 1:14

Biddupt, like in Kabla Alfisineen, Watahdiden Alas Sawahil al-Asifal al-Bahril Eswadfil Kokaz, Athemanu Kenna Yani Bahud Bisheklin Layu Sadduk.

SPEAKER_02 1:25

Bahidunjidden Naham.

SPEAKER_01 1:27

Ida Utbita Koptanun Aw Baharun Adam Akefa'ati, makan yutrad bi basata, cana yujeradamin kefati hokukhi fit tukusi diniat ilmukaddasa, thuma e ushbar alalukuf bayna mayastafu jamiaw la amilina filmina li yapsukufi waj.

SPEAKER_02 1:44

Wahidan tilwalakhar.

SPEAKER_01 1:45

Sa, wahidan tilwalakhhar. Hadel musta wa minas m min asaram al mutlaka wal mezjbain alhayatil Yaomiya watahdis, who al methalil mitheli li jal setin al Yaum. Fihad al Ghosil Marifi and a mutahami sa jiddan li nakuma birihlatin abraz zamen l-istik shaf il judur il amika li shubil Kokaz, wa tahdidan el ummah Sharkasia.

SPEAKER_02 2:06

Wahir rehlatun Mali atanbil Mufaja at Bisaraha.

SPEAKER_01 2:09

Jidden. Wa Sanatamidu fi headhir rehlatil istik shafia, bi shaklin kemel, ala masdarin beli il-ahamiya, wahuwa, e kitab el mausua terihiya tul il ummat shharkassia, limu alifuhu at Duktor Muhammad Khair Mamsar. Head alamal uddahm seyakunu delilun elyom.

SPEAKER_02 2:29

Mumtez. Taib, Yani, heatha sehirul kasi, canabi methebati ba wabatin liha'lemin mudhil, wa myjarul modwa saharan li ei shhaqsin muhtamin bitarih, hu ananan alena ta amiruma Serdiatin Taklidiyya.

SPEAKER_01 2:44

Serdiatun imberaturiyatun tasadu wa tanharu methalan?

SPEAKER_02 2:48

Badat, Mantikatul kokaz, yani tilka ruqa atul jografiat al muakada, bayn albahril eswadi wa bahri kazwin, lemtakun mujara da mamarrin tijarian abir. Uh, Belkanat noqtat altiha in hadariyatin thalla tanbubilhayati mundul elfiyat al rabia attakabl miled. Nachnu amematarihin yetahadalifter til mubasuta.

SPEAKER_01 3:08

Tyb, Khalinan fakikik hedem albideya. An nitakuz zamanei yemtad duli elefis sinin, wa bihasabil mauswa, al ku watul muhaimina, filmontikatil garbia, kenat il-kabe elus shirkesiyatu al-kadima, wa tahdidan masjmuatun tora f ubisim el miut.

SPEAKER_02 3:25

Al-Mut, naam.

SPEAKER_01 3:26

Waha ule yani, leju mathiluna kabila tana abira, humyan hadiruna min aslefin akdam, humil kesiyun, wa tarihu hun yemteddu lisit teti elefis senatin kabl miled.

SPEAKER_02 3:38

Judurun do ribatun filhom kifahlan.

SPEAKER_01 3:41

Mider i jati annahum essasu ku wa tanjiu siesija orrifet bilittihadis simiri. Walakin e su eluhuna. Mede yani mustalah ettihadin fideli kezeman is sahik.

SPEAKER_02 3:53

Su erun muhem. Shuf, li fahmi tabiyahti head alittihad, lezem nukrojmin akliat il-kaba el il-mutanethira lita' ashufja ozla.

SPEAKER_01 4:02

Yani makenu mujarrat khiyam mutafarika?

SPEAKER_02 4:04

Abadan, alittihadu simiri kana akrab li konfideraliya munovamah. Alwa akil ihriki al-kadima, mitla madhawanahu hirodot, to shiru ila anna limyut kanu yata allafuna min ħemsem waishrina kabila.

SPEAKER_01 4:18

Khamsun waishrin?

SPEAKER_02 4:19

Na, khemsun waishruna kabila wa shira mustakilla nisbian. Walakin mutahida tahta mudalla tin siasija wa askariya wahida. Waheatat ta jemma al-muakad, huwa madafa al-junani jina li tlaqi ismi m'ut alayhim.

SPEAKER_01 4:32

Tajib, laħva. Hedi hilbinya samahat lahum bi idara ti aradin shesia.

SPEAKER_02 4:37

Sah, sah, Wal ahemu mundalik ennaha samahatlahum bidduhuli fi ta'lufatin strategija ma'akuan ejnabiyya. Mithil ta'halufum a dawlatil bosfur il Yunaniya.

SPEAKER_01 4:47

Aha. Dawlatil bosfur il Yunaniya, heda mustalhkadja kunum alufl il-bad, nahnu natahdafan memleka heheli n istija, ta' Sasasat Alas sawahil shemalija lill-baħil eswad.

SPEAKER_02 4:57

Wa canet ta'atemi du bi shaklin kabir ala ta'zddir il-hhubub.

SPEAKER_01 5:01

Ta'zdir il-hhubub yathina, bdlaqt bina athaluf maha ule yani enna kabe il-almi uut. Kenet mm tudrik temamen lorbat al masal hettijerya.

SPEAKER_02 5:11

Kenu muhanakina siyasijan, naham.

SPEAKER_01 5:13

Have they halini efak kirfi tashbiamwajen, al kawkaz waktaha me ken mujarra jibel mazula, belken ashbahbi ittihad uruppi kadim.

SPEAKER_02 5:23

Yesalam, teshbi hun dakikunjiddan. Yani hemmsawa isruna wileye lehakeyanha, leken tatafawat kekutle wahida, ma'al kual odmah Wama yelfitul intiba huhuna, hu wama hakakatu ehda kaba il head alittihad, wahia kabila tus send, lakat belah rabihim ottawur dublu mesi, darajata an ebne ahum kenu you shaikuna rasmiyan, fil al ababil ulumbiya til Yunaniya.

SPEAKER_01 5:47

Ma'ul, el musharakafil Ulimpiad waktaha, me canet mujarat t'esjil esma, Abedan.

SPEAKER_02 5:52

Canet tata tallabu isbatal in neseb, wakubulen thakafien minil Yunani yin, ilikanu ywa tebu eye shaqsen kherja de irotihim barbariyan.

SPEAKER_01 6:00

Yani nejaha hum fihtirakhad al ħajjiz, belwa tahkik marakiz uula hua shahada alakudratihim aletekeyf.

SPEAKER_02 6:06

Wastahdem al kanawati dublu mesia lifordi hodurihim. Wa kullu hedem alhefa alahu yetihim al khumiyati sherkasia.

SPEAKER_01 6:13

Hedem mustawa min alku wa tin naima e yasobu tachhayule. Lekin, bejnemah kenat kabila to sind, tabniasi metaha wa tatawasaluma al yunani yin, a thuruf canet muhteli feta meman lil kabe ilis Sahliyeh.

SPEAKER_02 6:30

Tabiyatul bi a tafri dun nafsahada iman.

SPEAKER_01 6:33

But butt, a diplomasia tumetanfaw emema emwejil Bahril Eswa Dilatya, wa huna nawudu li adat il boskify wwjhil Baharil Fashil, illit kallimna anhefil bideyeye, anda kabila til kirkit.

SPEAKER_02 6:46

Sah, elbiyatu sahiliya tuhunak marufatun bi awasifi hel mufajjiah. Al qyadatul Bahriya tu laisat mujarra da mahara, heyyamas alatuhayatin ommout.

SPEAKER_01 6:56

Likti sodil kabila tiby akmaliharu bama.

SPEAKER_02 6:59

Bid dopt, lidelik al ekabu lemye kun mujarra da ijra in tedibi. Nezo sifati dini ya wa taru delil Baskil Jama'ai, hua yani eadam unishtimehai.

SPEAKER_01 7:09

Ademun ishtimeai mustalahun kawi.

SPEAKER_02 7:12

Wahevan nizam mussarim, khalakatha kafetan tadaw kefe at al-mutla kafuqa'yatibar in akar. Wahuwa mejufesiru sajtaratahom a'la kutut ilmilaha.

SPEAKER_01 7:21

Tajb, al mausuha tu tadkuru kabe ila ukra, takeyefet bituru kin ghariba, khabilatu al-henuh methelen, ilitahasasufi tar wida al khuyul.

SPEAKER_02 7:31

Wa ismahom fihit tafsila ton tarifatun jiddan.

SPEAKER_01 7:34

Naam, ismul henuh bil Sher kesijet jani el Kelbel wesya al-ainain. Wal muthir, en nahu layyezelu stahdamu kesmi tahabbu binlil atwali hatel yom.

SPEAKER_02 7:46

Yani, teheyeli anduned ytiflan bi hedel is mil yom leki nahu yahmilu eartan terihiyan amik.

SPEAKER_01 7:52

Felan. Wa ila jeni bi murab bil khuyul, nasilu lil jeni bil muthiril Jedel, kharasina tul kamaruwi.

SPEAKER_02 8:00

Aha, al kamarui.

SPEAKER_01 8:01

Mejmu'atun istahdamu kaweri ba khafi feten, tasaw lihawele khamsetin wa ishrina shaqsan fakat. Wama'velek kenu yabutuna ruabafi asotil il imbraturi yet dahma.

SPEAKER_02 8:13

Liderjeti en nas shahir Romani Ovid, keta ba sha'aran an Rabi Ledi Yazrahunahu.

SPEAKER_01 8:18

Huna endi taseul. Uh intilakan minal musuwa, hel minal insofi and netabena riweyeta Romania wana sifahom bi ennahom karasina, alaisa heatha no on minal muka wamatil jiu siesia?

SPEAKER_02 8:31

Heatha tahlilul monteki. Kira atututterihim inzewiyatit tarafilmon tasir fakun jejibul hadarumin. A Rumaniusannifuna eyye kuwa tint tetahaddahtika rahom kechhirjina anil kanun.

SPEAKER_01 8:43

Lekin askerien, hu wa tekti kun mutakadim.

SPEAKER_02 8:46

Bidapt. Mefalahul kamarui who wa tatwikun mubekirun wamudhilul, li harbi laisabetil Bahriya. Kawaribuhum canet sere ajjidden filmyehid dahla.

SPEAKER_01 8:54

Hai thulata statia u sufun Rumania tustakila tumulahakatahom.

SPEAKER_02 8:58

Sah Yadribun wa ehtefun. Al murihun al-kudeme, rekka zwa alehada siddam is sahili li ennahom lemya sati u itirak al jibel li fahmit ka fatihim il muakqa debid dahil.

SPEAKER_01 9:11

Ihtezaluhum fi surat muharibil Bahril Oshra. Tajb Huna Yus Bah al Amr Yani Muthiru li lehtimam Hakkan. Me De Yahdut Endama Namvor ilad dahil. Ila lugatihem.

SPEAKER_02 9:23

Allurah huna hiya elat u zamanil Hakikia.

SPEAKER_01 9:26

Anna usamiha alhafriya tulluwiya. Allura ashbahubil DNA. Tuhabbi utariha minal nkila betil istima'ayya. Al-Masua, tukad dimumithalansarih, umbatin nart.

SPEAKER_02 9:40

Annart, wahom al Aslul akdamu lishuhu bi shamel il kukaz mundul asril Hajari.

SPEAKER_01 9:45

Wa ida kumna bi tashrihihi ism annart aw nat khadiman, harfun nun yermuzul il um, waharfita lil ata.

SPEAKER_02 9:53

Yani hibatul umm bidlabt.

SPEAKER_01 9:56

Heve dalilun khatta al anel mushtama kana uh umumi. Asultaw-kutsia lil usral umumumia. Haizu ilahetul ħussuba hiyel markaz.

SPEAKER_02 10:06

Al-mushtama kulluhu yesemid dushar ayetahu minel umma waata'iha. Wakalimatun mitil nerd shawa, efarisan nard, laatazaluhaya.

SPEAKER_01 10:14

Lekin hadatha tahaululun jedri. Malentikali li ziraatil katifa wazdiyadil Hhrub, hadathan tilabun ishtimayun dahm, and takalat sulta lini romil abbawi.

SPEAKER_02 10:25

Waheatha tahawul lemi wasakfil asliha fakat, belukishafil hemdin nawawi lil loga.

SPEAKER_01 10:30

Naam, Vahara Mustah Adhira, wawa ismul ummatisher kasiya tilyom, al maktaw adha, Yani l ab, wa al maktaw yira, yani attabi olehu.

SPEAKER_02 10:41

Ay shahabil ab, tahawul kamil.

SPEAKER_01 10:44

Waheda yuhhalli dirasat aluratil kukazi muhimmat andjiddan, allura, twaffi kut ta'yuratilh tisaddiya.

SPEAKER_02 10:50

Waidanadarna lisur al akbar, heatha nomatlam yakun mahsuran fi khabilat in wahida. Kalimat darastan matalan.

SPEAKER_01 10:57

Giranuhumfishark.

SPEAKER_02 10:58

Bidabt, al Jadr darh, Yani L abb, wastan, taniel ard, yani ardil ebb.

SPEAKER_01 11:04

Yesalam. Nahnu amema wa ta'ikatari qiya, gairu khabilatin litazwir, tuwafukun tikal al-Beshariya, mintahdis al-Husubati wal um, ila t'sisis sulta wal milkietil ebb.

SPEAKER_02 11:16

Tahir fibiniet tafkir il-Besharibi akmali.

SPEAKER_01 11:18

Yani ende mayari fushun nefsahubi enna humin al edira, au darastan, fahuyan tikubi bayani in siasijien ombruhu ale fisinin.

SPEAKER_02 11:26

Duna anjudri kadali krubama.

SPEAKER_01 11:28

Sah, wahetha yakuduna lita seul, kefetafera ahedal hemdun nawawiu luhawi, al muswa tutwa jihuna, naha jirani fishark wa Janub.

SPEAKER_02 11:37

Al-judurim taddat wa tefawlet. Fishark Najdi Shishan, Aw nohutchi, walahom silat bi tahalo fil-miut.

SPEAKER_01 11:44

Wahunek al ofar ajdan.

SPEAKER_02 11:46

Naham, aslafu humulandel, wa lagħhek allurawiya lalfi luhatim, tuthwitu aslahumu sharkesi.

SPEAKER_01 11:53

Wel lezejin li jjudurhum min el kesijin wellek.

SPEAKER_02 11:56

Wa filjanub, al-kart filjun, aslaful Jurjin, wal arman.

SPEAKER_01 12:01

Wa mejmu'at il-elben. Wahuna l'Toddihla naqsid dawlat al-banya fil-Balkan.

SPEAKER_02 12:07

La, naqsidu ashdat al Azerbaijani, waljunani yunas a mohum hakeda biseba bi tobiati ardihmas Sahriya.

SPEAKER_01 12:14

Tajib, el Mosuha Tutkur Assayya Mudhila, fil Ausur al wusta, kena huneka haweli ashra Majmu'at Arkia Isia.

SPEAKER_02 12:22

Naam, ashra Majmu'at in Takhriban.

SPEAKER_01 12:24

Lekin filasril Hadith, Al Kafze He'ila, wasanna Lithemenin waishrin Mejmu'a Arkia, Kaifa yumkin Limontukatin wahida, and Tonshotir Lithemenya Ashrin Hawiya.

SPEAKER_02 12:34

Hadelin Fujor Dimografi, Huanatija tullia Ami lain, El Jurafia Wassiasa.

SPEAKER_01 12:40

El Jurafia Awalan, El Jibel?

SPEAKER_02 12:42

Naam, ataris Tamalu Kahadinati Azlin Tobiaiya, Tahiyeli Majmua tanfiweddin ta'zuluhut sulujadi ashur.

SPEAKER_01 12:50

Aha, alamadar mi etis sinin lehjathum tatayir?

SPEAKER_02 12:54

Tatabaha duhan luati akaribihim, Hatatusbi Haluhatan Mustahilatan Wahawiyatan munfosila, Hada Tatawurul Bati.

SPEAKER_01 13:01

Lakin Al Khafzali Temen in Washrin Tahtejumhafisin Asra Atadahulat al Kharijiya?

SPEAKER_02 13:09

Bid dupt. Al Kukaz kenesa hatasirain baina imberaturi yetin Dhahma, Al Othmania, El Ferisiya War Rusia.

SPEAKER_01 13:18

Siesa tufarrek Tasud.

SPEAKER_02 13:20

Temean, Kenu Aiduna Rasmal Hodud, Wayusannifuna Ashe Ira Sahira Kakumyyetin Mustakilla, Bina and Allah Masali Hihem.

SPEAKER_01 13:28

Hezad Darthul Khariji, Maluzlat il Jurafia, Huama Saraal in Shetar.

SPEAKER_02 13:33

Wahawa tafarwa'at il-kabalia til Basita, lihezal Adad il-Kabiri min alhuijat ala Kharita til Yom.

SPEAKER_01 13:39

Rehla Muzhila Falan, Badeqna Bizeke id diplomasi wal Musharek fil Olimpiad, Summa tekti kethi harbilaisabet il-Bahrija.

SPEAKER_02 13:47

Wata'am makna fil-lura keelet isemen, tek shifu tahawulet il-mushtema, min al-umuma lil Abuwa.

SPEAKER_01 13:53

Wa sulan li kefam mezzakat il-ġibeli wal Meke edil impryja nesijan wahiden li semenieten waxrina huwiya. Kulluheza kadamathuulena al-mausuatit teriqiya tul ummatis Shirkasija, li tu akkida annetterih Leisa Mujarra dqa imati ma'rik.

SPEAKER_02 14:10

Finni hea, awudu anatra hafikrat alita ammul. Nahnu mwata duna an el Jibela taħfadul ħafriet. Lekinna mara aine huyesbitu annaha tahfadu zahirat el Besharija tal Ami Kata'idan.

SPEAKER_01 14:21

A Zekira fil-kelimat.

SPEAKER_02 14:23

Nam. Andamanara Kalimati Mithla Nort Aw Edira kes Shawah hidin ala taurat in ishtimahia tin kobra, jejibu anneteseel, kem madadul Kelimeti la diyet illetin ura Diduha Liyum, wahiya filwaker, shawah hidu kuburin liandimatin in deferat, onehnanon tikkuha duna and nesma sodatarih.

SPEAKER_01 14:45

Tese ulin Ami Kunjidden, Yuhahirun Adratanalil Kalimati Leti Nestehdimuha Kulleom, Wata rikatun mitali ali nehtima biha heatel Ghosil Marifei.

SPEAKER_00 14:55

Wahuna Natawakka fulihadal Yaum. Lakin Hadihimu Juradakitat and Uahida Minsuraten Akbarabikathir.

SPEAKER_02 15:03

Bidot Hadel Bernamajusil Silatun Mustamirra, Halakatun tilwal Ukra, Nastari Dufiha, Al Mausuat Terihiatah Lil Ummatishir Kassia. Wa musalya tul Dowar Alajhawani be min hadterih, lemusmah biha more the mun Nessimin Kabl.

SPEAKER_00 15:21

Fa'ida Ajabatka Hadihil Halkah, Tahammaq Akhtar, Combizierati Prof. Mamsir noqtakom, Lilitilaya al Mausuatil Kamila, Wa Kulli Mayaki Fukalfa Halakatiom.

SPEAKER_02 15:34

Wa eitha Kunta Testemtio Bilbar Namaj, Tabiana Ainema Kunta Testemya, Watruktakiman, Washarik Hadihil Halkata Maashaqsin, Yahteju Anyas Mahat Terih.

SPEAKER_00 15:46

Hadihikanat, Al Mausuata Teri Hiata Lil Ummati Shakasia, Anna Aslan, Anna Satanai, Arakumfil Halkatil Khadima,